CN108693061B - Hard and brittle material scratch experiment method based on trochoid feeding trajectory - Google Patents
Hard and brittle material scratch experiment method based on trochoid feeding trajectory Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hard and brittle material scratch experiment method based on a trochoid feeding trajectory. The problems that the scratching speed of the existing single-abrasive-particle grinding technology is limited, the surface and sub-surface damage coverage and superposition are caused by the repeated superposition of tracks under the working condition of high-speed scratching, the experimental cost of the double/multi-abrasive-particle grinding technology is high, and the repeatable utilization rate of a cutter is low are solved. The experimental device has the advantages that various defects of a traditional scratch experiment can be overcome on the premise of ensuring the experimental precision, the experimental cost is reduced, the test times are reduced, the test period is shortened, the actual working condition of interaction between the grinding wheel and a workpiece in grinding is more conformed, and the experimental device has great scientific research value in the aspect of material removal mechanism research.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of hard and brittle material processing, and particularly relates to a hard and brittle material scratch experiment method based on a trochoid feeding trajectory.
Background
The hard and brittle material is widely applied to the fields of national defense, military industry, aerospace, electronic communication and the like due to a series of excellent characteristics of high hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and the like. In order to fully exploit the excellent properties of hard and brittle materials, it is necessary to ensure a high quality of the machined surface. The main processing methods for the hard and brittle materials at present comprise: grinding, chemical etching and grinding. However, the grinding method can cut off only an extremely thin layer of material, and the processing efficiency is very low. Corrosive liquid and steam generated in chemical corrosion processing pollute the environment, have harmful effects on equipment and human bodies, and need to adopt proper protective measures. Grinding can achieve high machining precision and small surface roughness, so that a grinding method is preferred in actual machining.
Grinding is one of the most effective ways to obtain high quality surfaces, and the grinding cost accounts for more than 80% of the total cost in the whole manufacturing process of hard and brittle materials such as ceramics. Reasonable process parameters are designed to obtain an efficient grinding mode, and the basic target of efficient grinding processing is to ensure good surface integrity while the maximum material removal rate is obtained. However, the method of increasing the material removal rate to reduce the grinding cost is easy to introduce surface and sub-surface damages of the material, such as surface/sub-surface microcracks, material powdering, blurred surface, etc., which greatly reduce the mechanical properties of the material, so it is important to fully and deeply understand the grinding process of the hard and brittle material.
Scholars at home and abroad have invested a lot of deep research on the aspects, and have made a lot of valuable conclusions on the aspects of hard and brittle material removal mechanism, grinding processing damage, qualitative and quantitative analysis of strength loss, grinding process control, grinding process and processing process parameter selection optimization, influence of machine tool rigidity on the grinding process, development of grinding wheel correction technology and the like. Due to the diversity of process parameters during the grinding process, and the randomness of the shape, size, and distribution of the abrasive particles, characterizing the material removal mechanism by grinding becomes more complex. At present, the main methods for researching the material removal mechanism in the grinding process comprise a single-abrasive-particle grinding technology and a double/multi-abrasive-particle grinding technology.
1) The single-abrasive-particle grinding technology is a single-point grinding technology which uses the interaction of one abrasive particle and a workpiece, can simplify the influence of various random parameters in the machining process, and is beneficial to discussing the removal mechanism of materials. The current methods for studying the grinding force between single abrasive particles and a workpiece, the abrasion of the abrasive particles and the material removal mechanism in the process mainly comprise: the constant cutting depth type and the variable cutting depth type. The ball-disk rotary type and linear type belong to a constant cutting depth type research method, and the variable cutting depth type mainly comprises the following steps: pendulum type and wedge type. As shown in fig. 1, it is a schematic diagram of a single-abrasive grinding technique. The prior single-abrasive-particle variable-cutting-depth grinding technology is more in application. Generally, a machining center can realize a constant-cutting-depth type scratch experiment, and a variable-cutting-depth type single-point grinding experiment can be realized on a surface grinding machine. The grinding speed of the currently performed single-point grinding scratch experiment is far lower than the scratching speed of abrasive particles of a grinding wheel on the surface of a workpiece in grinding processing, so the material removal mode in the experiment is greatly different from that of real grinding.
2) Double/multi-abrasive grain grinding technology
The double/multi-abrasive-particle grinding technology, namely a multipoint grinding technology that double/multi-abrasive-particle and a workpiece are mutually interfered, can research the influence of the interaction between scratches on material removal under different processing technological parameters, and is favorable for discussing the material removal mechanism under the condition of mutual interference between scratches. The grinding principle is that on the basis of single-abrasive-particle grinding, the number of abrasive particles is increased, and the type of double/multi-abrasive-particle grinding technology is changed by changing the embedding distance and the arrangement position among the abrasive particles. The variety of dual/multi-grit tool customizations also varies to accommodate the diversity of research objectives. Influenced by the quantity of abrasive particles, the distance between the abrasive particles and the arrangement rule of the positions of the abrasive particles, the customized quantity and the cost of the abrasive particle cutter are greatly increased, and the repeatability and the utilization rate of the cutter are reduced due to the selection of experimental parameters.
The actual grinding wheel is made of a lot of crushed diamond material, and because the shape of the crushed material is irregular, the same abrasive grain has different cutting edges. The self-sharpening effect of the grinding wheel enables the abrasive particles to continuously generate new cutting edges in the grinding process, and the new cutting edges participate in the grinding process together. Therefore, in the actual grinding process, different abrasive grains on the same grinding wheel or different cutting edges of the same abrasive grain dynamically participate in the grinding process at the same time, and the actually formed material surface and subsurface are generated by interaction of a plurality of scratches.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a hard and brittle material scratching experiment method based on a trochoid feeding track, which is low in experiment cost, large in information content of a test piece, high in cutter utilization rate and easy to realize, and aims to solve the problems that the scratching speed of the existing single-abrasive-particle grinding technology is limited, the surface and sub-surface damage is caused by repeated superposition of tracks under the working condition of high-speed scratching, the experiment cost of the double/multi-abrasive-particle grinding technology is high, and the repeated utilization rate of a cutter is low.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a hard and brittle material scratch experiment method based on a trochoid feeding trajectory comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of indenter/scorer: fixing the scribing head with the abrasive particles on the end surface of the cutter head, wherein the geometric shape and size of the abrasive particles, the grinding edge angle of the abrasive particles, the grinding edge radius, the fixed position of the scribing head and the density degree are determined according to an experimental scheme;
(2) clamping a workpiece made of hard and brittle materials and a dynamometer, fixing the workpiece on a machine tool workbench, mounting the scratching/pressing device in the step (1) on a machine tool spindle, and adjusting the grinding speed Vs and the workpiece feeding speed V according to the experimental requirementswGiven a certain value, the grinding speed Vs and the workpiece feed speed V are adjusted under the condition of simultaneously setting the grinding speed and the workpiece feed speedwThe relationship (2) realizes the non-superposition scratch test of different track intervals of the cutter;
(3) and (3) analyzing the scratches obtained in the step (2).
In the step (2), if only the rotary grinding speed of the cutter is given, generating spherical disc type grinding scratches on the surface of the workpiece; if only the feeding speed of the workpiece is given, generating linear grinding scratches on the surface of the workpiece; if the feeding speed of the workpiece is given and the rotational grinding speed of the cutter is given, the surface of the workpiece generates trochoid feeding track scratches.
In the step (2), the scratch test of the constant-cutting-depth trochoid feeding trajectory and the variable-cutting-depth trochoid feeding trajectory is realized by adjusting the inclination angle of the hard and brittle material workpiece.
According to the variable-cutting-depth trochoid feeding trajectory scratch experiment, the workpiece inclination angle is larger than 0 degree, and a hard and brittle material elastic/plastic deformation area, a brittle and plastic transition critical area and a brittle fracture area are rapidly divided according to the scratch surface damage condition of the workpiece.
In the constant-cutting-depth trochoid feeding trajectory scratch test, the inclination angle of a workpiece is equal to 0 degree, the constant-cutting-depth trochoid feeding trajectory scratch test is used for testing the grinding force for fixing the scratch depth, and the correlation points of the scratch depth and the scratch distance are extracted from the surface of the workpiece.
The adjustment of the grinding speed Vs and the workpiece feeding speed V are finished by inputting the rotating speed n of the main shaft of the machine toolwIs a passing machineThe input value of the linear feeding speed of the machine tool workbench is controlled, and two different experiments of constant cutting depth and variable cutting depth are realized by adjusting the cutting angle of the base of the machining center or the height difference of two ends of the test piece.
In the step (2), when V isSWhen the thickness is less than or equal to 45m/s, common grinding is carried out; when V is more than or equal to 45m/sSWhen the grinding speed is less than or equal to 150m/s, high-speed grinding is carried out; when V isSAnd when the grinding speed is more than or equal to 150m/s, the grinding is carried out at an ultrahigh speed, and the influence of different grinding speeds on a material removal mechanism is verified.
The scratching device in the step (1) is composed of a cutter bar, a cutter head and a scratching head embedded with diamond abrasive particles, a threaded mounting hole is formed in the bottom surface of the cutter head, the cutter head is connected with the scratching head with the diamond abrasive particles through threads, the abrasive particles are embedded in the scratching head, and the geometric shape and size of the abrasive particles, the abrasive particle grinding edge angle, the grinding edge radius, the scratching head fixing position and the density degree are determined according to an experimental scheme.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: on the premise of ensuring the experiment precision, the method can break various defects of the traditional scratch experiment, reduce the experiment cost, reduce the experiment times and shorten the experiment period, and meanwhile, the hard and brittle material scratch experiment method based on the trochoid feeding track is more in accordance with the actual working condition of interaction between the grinding wheel and the workpiece in grinding processing, and has great scientific research value in the aspect of material removal mechanism research.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a constant-cutting-depth and variable-cutting-depth single-point grinding technology in the prior art.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a single diamond abrasive particle and a scribe head according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a non-inclined straight-line feeding track of abrasive particles.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a linear feed path of abrasive particles according to the present invention with an inclined angle.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a scratch test method for a hard and brittle material with a trochoid feeding trajectory.
FIG. 6 is a trochoid trajectory model diagram of the present invention.
Figure 7 is a schematic view of a trochoid feed trajectory simulation of the present invention.
Figure 8 is a trochoid feed scratch trajectory classification diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a view showing the type of distribution of the scribe head with abrasive grains on the end face of the cutter head.
Fig. 10 is a trochoid simulation locus diagram corresponding to the three distribution types of the scribing heads in fig. 9.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and detailed description:
the invention discloses a hard and brittle material scratch test method based on a trochoid feeding trajectory, which comprises the following steps of:
(1) preparation of indenter/scorer: fixing the scribing head with the abrasive particles on the end surface of the cutter head, wherein the geometric shape and size of the abrasive particles, the grinding edge angle of the abrasive particles, the grinding edge radius, the fixed position of the scribing head and the density degree are determined according to an experimental scheme;
(2) clamping a workpiece made of hard and brittle materials and a dynamometer, fixing the workpiece on a machine tool workbench, mounting the scratching/pressing device in the step (1) on a machine tool spindle, and adjusting the grinding speed Vs and the workpiece feeding speed V according to the experimental requirementswGiven a certain value, the grinding speed Vs and the workpiece feed speed V are adjusted under the condition of simultaneously setting the grinding speed and the workpiece feed speedwThe relationship (2) realizes the non-superposition scratch test of different track intervals of the cutter;
(3) and (3) analyzing the scratches obtained in the step (2).
In the step (2), if only the rotary grinding speed of the cutter is given, generating spherical disc type grinding scratches on the surface of the workpiece; if only the feeding speed of the workpiece is given, generating linear grinding scratches on the surface of the workpiece; if the feeding speed of the workpiece is given and the rotational grinding speed of the cutter is given, the surface of the workpiece generates trochoid feeding track scratches.
In the step (2), the scratch test of the constant-cutting-depth trochoid feeding trajectory and the variable-cutting-depth trochoid feeding trajectory is realized by adjusting the inclination angle of the hard and brittle material workpiece.
According to the variable-cutting-depth trochoid feeding trajectory scratch experiment, the inclination angle of a workpiece is larger than 0 degree, and the elastic-plastic deformation, brittle-plastic transformation and brittle fracture areas of the hard and brittle materials are quickly divided according to the scratch surface damage condition of the workpiece.
In the constant-cutting-depth trochoid feeding trajectory scratch test, the inclination angle of a workpiece is equal to 0 degree, the constant-cutting-depth trochoid feeding trajectory scratch test is used for testing the grinding force for fixing the scratch depth, and the correlation points of the scratch depth and the scratch distance are extracted from the surface of the workpiece.
The adjustment of the grinding speed Vs and the workpiece feeding speed V are finished by inputting the rotating speed n of the main shaft of the machine toolwThe method is characterized in that two different experiments of constant cutting depth and variable cutting depth are realized by controlling the input value of the linear feeding speed of the machine tool workbench and adjusting the cutting angle of the base of the machining center or the height difference of two ends of a test piece.
In the step (2), when V isSWhen the thickness is less than or equal to 45m/s, common grinding is carried out; when V is more than or equal to 45m/sSWhen the grinding speed is less than or equal to 150m/s, high-speed grinding is carried out; when V isSAnd when the grinding speed is more than or equal to 150m/s, the grinding is carried out at an ultrahigh speed, and the influence of different grinding speeds on a material removal mechanism is verified.
As shown in fig. 2, the pressing/scratching device in step (1) is composed of a tool bar 1, a tool bit 2 and a scratching head 3 embedded with diamond abrasive grains 5, a threaded mounting hole is formed in the bottom surface of the tool bit 2, the tool bit 2 and the scratching head 3 with the diamond abrasive grains are connected through threads, the scratching head is embedded with the abrasive grains, and the geometric shapes and sizes of the abrasive grains, the grinding edge angles of the abrasive grains, the grinding edge radii, the fixed positions of the scratching head and the density degree are determined according to an experimental scheme.
In order to better reproduce the actual processing path and the material removal mechanism of the abrasive particles in the real end face grinding process, a pressing/scratching device needs to be separately designed, as shown in fig. 2, the pressing/scratching device consists of a cutter bar 1, a cutter head 2 and a scratching head 3 embedded with diamond abrasive particles 5, the bottom surface of the cutter head 2 is provided with a threaded mounting hole, the cutter head 2 and the scratching head 3 with the diamond abrasive particles are connected through threads, the scratching head is embedded with abrasive particles, and the geometric shapes and sizes of the abrasive particles, the abrasive particle grinding edge angles and the grinding edge radiuses of the abrasive particles; the fixed position and density of the scratching head are determined according to the experimental scheme.
In this embodiment, two scribing heads 2 are provided, two centrosymmetric threaded mounting holes are formed in the bottom surface of the tool bit 2, the tool bit 2 and the scribing head 2 with diamond abrasive particles are connected through threads, the two scribing heads 2 are different in mounting height, the distance from the top of the abrasive particles to the bottom surface of the tool bit is large, the scribing head works currently, the other scribing head with a small distance is mounted at a symmetrical position of the tool bit as a balance weight, and the serious abrasion and damage of a cutter caused by uneven stress in an experimental process are avoided. The cutter bar 1 is made of 40Cr, the cutter head 2 is made of aluminum alloy, and the tail end of the cutter head 2 is fastened on the cutter bar 1 through threads.
The workpiece and the dynamometer are clamped and then fixed on a machine tool workbench, and the fixing mode is divided into a variable-cutting-depth trochoid feeding scratch experiment method and a constant-cutting-depth trochoid feeding scratch experiment method according to whether the workpiece and the dynamometer have an inclination angle or not. The marking/pressing device in the step (1) is arranged on a main shaft of a machine tool, and common grinding (V) can be verified and realized by adjusting the rotating speed of the main shaft of the machine tool and the structural size of a cutter according to the specific requirements of an experimental schemeSLess than or equal to 45m/s) and high-speed grinding (less than or equal to 45m/s and VSLess than or equal to 150m/s) and ultra-high speed grinding (V)SNot less than 150m/s) and verifying the influence of different grinding speeds on the material removal mechanism.
With respect to the trochoid trajectory model, the trochoid radius R and the period step S are two important parameters of the trajectory. As can be seen from fig. 6, the radius R is continuously changed in one period, and the step S is fixed. The equation of motion for a trochoid feed trajectory is:
in the formula: r is the offset distance of the diamond abrasive particles relative to the axis of the cutter rod;
n is the rotation speed of the main shaft of the machine tool;
Vwthe workpiece feed speed;
t is time.
If only the rotating speed of the cutter is given, the ball disc type single-abrasive-particle grinding technology can be realized, but the traditional ball disc type abrasive-particle grinding technology can only realize the machining working condition with non-repetitive tracks under the condition of lower grinding speed, which is not consistent with the real machining working condition.
If only the feeding speed of the workpiece is given, the linear single-abrasive-particle grinding technology can be realized, and the two modes of constant cutting depth (a) and variable cutting depth (b) can be realized by adjusting the inclination angle of the workpiece as shown in figures 3 and 4. Although the linear single-abrasive-particle grinding technology can realize that the processing tracks are not overlapped, the scratching speed is far lower than that of the real grinding processing process.
Given the workpiece feed speed and the tool rotation speed, the scribing experimental method of the trochoid feed trajectory (see fig. 5) can be realized, and the scribing trajectory generated on the surface of the workpiece is shown in fig. 7. The method for testing the scratches of the hard and brittle materials with the trochoid feeding tracks solves the problem of surface and sub-surface damage superposition caused by track repetition under the working condition of high-speed scratches, and avoids the phenomenon of repeated scratching of the same test piece and the same position.
And in the variable-cutting-depth trochoid feeding trajectory scratch experiment, the fixed inclination angles of the workpiece, the dynamometer and the machine tool workbench are determined according to the maximum cutting depth. And observing the workpiece after the experiment by using the super-depth-of-field microscope, and quickly dividing elastic-plastic deformation, brittle-plastic transformation and brittle fracture areas of the hard and brittle materials according to the scratch depth and the scratch surface damage condition of the workpiece. Compared with the linear variable-cutting-depth single-abrasive-particle scratching technology, the method has the advantages that: more sampling points at the same depth; the material removal characteristics of the cross point and the non-cross point of the scratch track under the same grinding depth can be compared; the influence of factors such as scratch interference, space, speed direction, speed magnitude, intersection point trajectory line included angle magnitude on the material removal mode is researched.
In the constant-cutting-depth trochoid feeding trajectory scratch test, the fixed inclination angle of a workpiece, a dynamometer and a machine tool workbench is equal to 0 degree, and the test method is used for the trochoid feeding trajectory scratch test for fixing the scratch depth. The point of the relationship between the interaction between the single scratch, the progressive double scratch and the intersection multi-scratch and the depth of the scratch and the distance between the scratches can be extracted from the surface of the workpiece through a single test of a test piece (as shown in figure 7). The test times are greatly reduced, the test piece manufacturing time is shortened, and the cutter manufacturing cost and the number of test pieces are reduced. The method has the advantages that: the material removal characteristics of the cross point and the non-cross point of the scratch track can be compared; the influence of factors such as scratch interference, space, speed direction, speed magnitude, intersection point trajectory line included angle and minimum closed area enclosed by trajectory lines on a material removal mode is researched.
By adjusting the grinding speed Vs and the workpiece feeding speed VwCan obtain the expected trochoid trajectories of different periodic steps S. The size of the desired trochoid radius R is adjusted by the mounting position of the rowhead on the end face. Therefore, the periodic step S and the trochoid radius R can be accurately regulated and controlled according to a specific experimental scheme. The two defects of the traditional scratch which is skillfully avoided by the trochoid feeding track are more fit with the motion track of sand grains in the grinding of a real grinding wheel. The coverage area of the trochoid trajectory is large, and the influence factors of material removal and damage are large, so that the extraction of the characteristic points on the trochoid feeding trajectory is more abundant.
In this embodiment, the workpiece and the load cell are clamped and fixed to the machine tool table. The fixing mode is divided into a variable cutting depth trochoid feeding scratch experiment method and a constant cutting depth trochoid feeding scratch experiment method according to whether the inclination angle exists or not. The pressing/scratching device is arranged on the main shaft, and the grinding speed V can be completed by inputting the rotating speed n of the main shaft of the machine toolSAnd (4) adjusting. Workpiece feed velocity VwIs controlled by the input value of the linear feeding speed of the machine tool worktable.
Can adjust the grinding speed V according to the experimental requirementsS(by machine tool spindle speed control) and workpiece feed speed VwA certain value is assigned. By adjusting the grinding speed V given the rotational speed and the workpiece speed at the same timeSWith workpiece feed velocity VwThe relationship (2) realizes the non-superposition scratch test of different track intervals of the cutter. The formula of the rotating speed of the cutter is as follows:
VS＝2πnr——(1)
where r is the offset distance of the diamond grit tip from the axis of the tool shank (see fig. 5). The period T of the trochoid trajectory is:
the step distance S of adjacent scratches is:
S＝VwT——(3)
(1) regarding the trochoid feeding trajectory embodiment, the following classification is made according to the mounting number of scribing heads with diamond abrasive grains on the end surfaces of the cutter heads (see fig. 8); single abrasive particle trochoid trajectory, two abrasive particle trochoid trajectories, three abrasive particle trochoid trajectories, and multiple abrasive particle trochoid trajectories.
1) The scribing head can be divided into a circular abrasive particle array distribution (a), a radial abrasive particle array distribution (b) and a mixed abrasive particle array distribution (c) according to different mounting positions of the scribing head on the end surface of the tool bit (see fig. 9).
2) The trajectory lines formed by the multiple abrasive particles distributed in the circular array on the end surface of the cutter head are trochoid trajectories with different phase angles, for example, the angle of the circular array of the three abrasive particles in fig. 9(a) is 120 degrees, and the phase difference of the trajectory lines formed by the abrasive particles is shown in fig. 10 (a); FIG. 9(b) shows a radial array of three abrasive grains with different trochoid radii R of their formed trajectories, i.e., different trajectories have different grinding speeds at the same phase angle, see FIG. 10 (b); fig. 9(c) shows a mixed array of three abrasive grains, which form traces with phase angles and different trochoid radii R, as shown in fig. 10 (c).
(2) According to the following experimental scheme, conical diamond abrasive particles are adopted, the cone apex angle of the abrasive particles is 100 degrees, the arc radius of the cone apex is 5.3um, and the height of the cone apex is 910 um. And obtaining trochoid feeding track scratches according to a hard and brittle material scratch experimental method of a trochoid feeding track. Observed using a super depth of field microscope to find that: the optimal cycle step S (see fig. 6) for macroscopic observation of the scratch trajectory shows a distribution range of: 5-0.05 mm; when the interference condition between the micro-scale scratches is observed, the value of the periodic step S can be reduced on the basis of the interference condition (the value of S is obtained by the calculation of the formula (3)). The periodic step S is the maximum distance between the periodic tracks of the scratches, and the periodic track line group gradually approaches the scratches, so that the scratch interference phenomenon under the microscopic size can also be directly selected from the observation range through the scratch gradual phenomenon.
TABLE 1 Experimental protocols
(3) According to the specific requirements of the experimental scheme, the common grinding (V) can be realized by adjusting the rotating speed of the main shaft of the machine tool and the structural size of the cutterSLess than or equal to 45m/s) and high-speed grinding (less than or equal to 45m/s and VSLess than or equal to 150m/s) and ultra-high speed grinding (V)SNot less than 150m/s) and the like.
(4) Different grinding speeds VSThe influence research on the material removal mechanism compares the material removal modes at different grinding speeds by adjusting the rotating speed n of the main shaft of the machine tool.
(5) Different workpiece feed speeds VWThe influence research on the material removal mechanism compares the material removal modes under different workpiece feeding speeds by changing the linear feeding speed of the machine tool workbench.
Although the present invention has been described in connection with the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are illustrative only and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without departing from the inventive concept.
Claims (3)
1. A hard and brittle material scratch experiment method based on a trochoid feeding trajectory is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparation of indenter/scorer: fixing the scribing head with the abrasive particles on the end surface of the cutter head, wherein the geometric shape and size of the abrasive particles, the grinding edge angle of the abrasive particles, the grinding edge radius, the fixed position of the scribing head and the density degree are determined according to an experimental scheme;
the pressing/scratching device in the step (1) consists of a cutter bar (1), a cutter head (2) and a scratching head (3) embedded with diamond abrasive particles (5), wherein the bottom surface of the cutter head (2) is provided with a threaded mounting hole, the cutter head (2) is connected with the scratching head (3) with the abrasive particles through threads, the scratching head is embedded with the abrasive particles, and the geometric shape and size of the abrasive particles, the grinding edge angle of the abrasive particles, the grinding edge radius, the fixed position of the scratching head and the density degree are determined according to an experimental scheme;
according to different mounting positions of the scribing head on the end face of the tool bit, the scribing head can be divided into a circular abrasive particle array distribution (a), a radial abrasive particle array distribution (b) and a mixed abrasive particle array distribution (c);
(2) clamping a workpiece made of hard and brittle materials and a dynamometer, fixing the workpiece on a machine tool workbench, mounting the scratching/pressing device in the step (1) on a machine tool spindle, and adjusting the grinding speed Vs and the workpiece feeding speed V according to the experimental requirementswGiving a certain value, and if only the rotary grinding speed of the cutter is given, generating spherical disc type grinding scratches on the surface of the workpiece; if only the feeding speed of the workpiece is given, generating linear grinding scratches on the surface of the workpiece; if the feeding speed of the workpiece is given and the rotational grinding speed of the cutter is given at the same time, generating trochoid feeding track scratches on the surface of the workpiece; under the condition of simultaneously setting the grinding speed and the workpiece feeding speed, the grinding speed Vs and the workpiece feeding speed V are adjustedwThe relationship (2) realizes the non-superposition scratch test of different track intervals of the cutter;
with respect to the trochoid trajectory model, the trochoid radius R and the period step S are two important parameters of the trajectory; the radius R is constantly changed in one period, the step distance S is fixed, and the motion equation of the trochoid feeding track is as follows:
in the formula: r is the offset distance between the diamond abrasive grain tip and the axis of the cutter rod; n is the rotation speed of the main shaft of the machine tool; vwThe workpiece feed speed; t is time;
the formula of the rotating speed of the cutter is as follows: vs 2 π nr- (1)
Wherein r is the offset distance between the diamond abrasive particle tip and the axis of the cutter rod;
the period T of the trochoid trajectory is:
the step distance S of adjacent scratches is: s ═ VwT——(3)
The scratch test of a constant cutting depth trochoid feeding track and a variable cutting depth trochoid feeding track is realized by adjusting the inclination angle of a hard and brittle material workpiece;
according to the variable-cutting-depth trochoid feeding trajectory scratch experiment, the workpiece inclination angle is larger than 0 degree, and a hard and brittle material elastic/plastic deformation area, a brittle-plastic transition critical area and a brittle fracture area are rapidly divided according to the scratch surface damage condition of the workpiece;
in the constant-cutting-depth trochoid feeding trajectory scratch test, the inclination angle of a workpiece is equal to 0 degree, the constant-cutting-depth trochoid feeding trajectory scratch test is used for testing the grinding force for fixing the scratch depth, and the correlation points of the scratch depth and the scratch interval are extracted from the surface of the workpiece;
(3) and (3) analyzing the scratches obtained in the step (2).
2. The hard and brittle material scratching test method based on the trochoid feed trajectory of claim 1, wherein the adjustment of the grinding speed Vs is completed through the input of the rotating speed n of the main shaft of the machine tool, and the workpiece feed speed V iswThe method is characterized in that two different experiments of constant cutting depth and variable cutting depth are realized by controlling the input value of the linear feeding speed of the machine tool workbench and adjusting the cutting angle of the base of the machining center or the height difference of two ends of a test piece.
3. The method for testing the scratch of the hard and brittle material based on the trochoid feed trajectory according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), when V is greater than V, the scratch is testedSWhen the thickness is less than or equal to 45m/s, common grinding is carried out; when V is more than or equal to 45m/sSWhen the grinding speed is less than or equal to 150m/s, high-speed grinding is carried out; when V isSAnd when the grinding speed is more than or equal to 150m/s, the grinding is carried out at an ultrahigh speed, and the influence of different grinding speeds on a material removal mechanism is verified.
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| CN108693061B (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2021-08-17 | 天津大学 | Hard and brittle material scratch experiment method based on trochoid feeding trajectory |
| CN111257146B (en) * | 2020-02-20 | 2022-07-19 | 北京工业大学 | Device and method for measuring scratch resistance of surface of plate glass |
| CN112198077A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2021-01-08 | 中国民航大学 | Single abrasive grain scratching experimental method for pre-repairing hard and brittle material by dip angle method |
| CN112213224A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2021-01-12 | 中国民航大学 | Single-abrasive-particle grading scratching experiment method for hard and brittle material |
| CN113899641A (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2022-01-07 | 常德金鹏印务有限公司 | Scratch resistance detection device and detection method |
| CN115356223B (en) * | 2022-10-20 | 2022-12-20 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Device and method for measuring shale brittleness index continuous section based on high-temperature and high-pressure scratches |
| CN115502892B (en) * | 2022-11-15 | 2023-02-28 | 山西恒跃锻造有限公司 | Method and system for removing surface material of steel material during ultra-precise grinding |
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| JPH09277143A (en) * | 1996-04-11 | 1997-10-28 | Noritake Co Ltd | Grinding wheel for contouring grinding and method of contouring grinding |
| CN103722467A (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2014-04-16 | 天津大学 | Method and device for determining grinding brittleness-ductility transformation critical cutting depth of hard and brittle material |
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| CN105181583A (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2015-12-23 | 清华大学 | Environment-controllable scratch test on-site testing device and control method thereof |
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| JPH09277143A (en) * | 1996-04-11 | 1997-10-28 | Noritake Co Ltd | Grinding wheel for contouring grinding and method of contouring grinding |
| CN103722467A (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2014-04-16 | 天津大学 | Method and device for determining grinding brittleness-ductility transformation critical cutting depth of hard and brittle material |
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