CN108692912A - A kind of double frictional resistance balance measurement methods of swimming cloths - Google Patents
A kind of double frictional resistance balance measurement methods of swimming cloths Download PDFInfo
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- CN108692912A CN108692912A CN201810396104.7A CN201810396104A CN108692912A CN 108692912 A CN108692912 A CN 108692912A CN 201810396104 A CN201810396104 A CN 201810396104A CN 108692912 A CN108692912 A CN 108692912A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M9/00—Aerodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on wind tunnels
- G01M9/06—Measuring arrangements specially adapted for aerodynamic testing
- G01M9/062—Wind tunnel balances; Holding devices combined with measuring arrangements
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of double frictional resistance balance measurement methods of swimming cloths, frictional resistance of the measurement method for measuring test model surface in wind tunnel test.Double frictional resistance balance measurement methods of the swimming cloths of the present invention eliminate the error that measuring environment pressure or pressure gradient on frictional resistance balance measurement surface generation torque are brought by being arranged symmetrically the frictional resistance balance of pairing in the longitudinally asymmetric face of test model;Reduce pressure interference calibration link, improves the whole efficiency of measuring study;Reduce error caused by Flow Field in Wind Tunnel asymmetry.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to wind tunnel test fields, and in particular to a kind of test model skin friction resistance measurement method.
Background technology
Skin friction resistance, that is, frictional resistance significantly limits the performance of hypersonic aircraft, C. P. Goyne, R. J.
Stalker, and A. Paull are in " Shock tunnel skinfriction measurement in a supersonic
combustor "(AIAA -98-0943)Result of study shows:For the test model containing scramjet engine, rub
About the 28% of drag overall can be accounted for by wiping resistance.Hypersonic aircraft awing, in addition to induced drag, suffered by resistance
It is mainly made of two parts, a part is the resistance that shock wave generates, i.e. wave resistance;Another part is the resistance that friction generates, that is, is rubbed
Resistance.Wave resistance is related with the size of flight Mach number, and frictional resistance is then related with aircraft surface fluidised form, aircraft surface fluidised form again with
Reynolds number, aircraft surface roughness, Aircraft Angle of Attack etc. are related.Therefore, Research of Drag Reduction or friction loss characteristic research are to high ultrasound
The performance of fast aircraft has a major impact, and reducing frictional resistance means to increase voyage under identical fuel consumption, or is navigating
More payload can be carried in the case of Cheng Yiding.For aircraft development, the importance of frictional resistance characteristic research
It is mainly reflected in following aspects:Aircraft especially hypersonic aircraft aerodynamic arrangement is set first, understanding friction loss characteristic
Count it is particularly significant, using friction loss characteristic result of study can with optimizing pneumatic be laid out and reduce aircraft frictional resistance.Second is that in rapids
It flows in boundary-layer research, friction velocity is a vital parameter, and friction velocity is to use turbulent boundary layer velocity profile
What the coefficient of friction resistance converted.Third, friction loss characteristic research can be used in the research of engine inner flow passage, on the one hand can be used for commenting
On the other hand the efficiency of valence engine can also instruct optimization engine inner flow passage structure design, engine efficiency is improved with this.
In addition, in view of the difficulty of aircraft development, currently, the approach of aircraft friction loss characteristic research be using ground experiment simulation with
CFD calculating is combined, and friction loss characteristic result of study can also calculate for CFD other than it can establish turbulence model and provide experiment
Foundation and check model.
University of Queensland develops piezoelectric type frictional resistance sensor(Also referred to as frictional resistance balance, hereinafter referred to as frictional resistance
Balance), C. P. Goyne, R. J. Stalker, and A. Paull are in " Transducer for Direct
Measurement of Skin Friction in Hypervelocity Impulse Facilities"(AIAA
JOURNAL Vol. 40, No. 1, January 2002)Disclose a kind of knot of simple component shearing-type piezoelectric type frictional resistance balance
Structure and its measurement method.The pressure interference calibration mentioned is divided using test measurement same model is utilized on shock tunnel
Frictional resistance balance and airflow direction 0 ° is not pressed(It is equidirectional with test air-flow)With 180 °(With test air-flow negative direction)Installation carries out
It measures, the measurement result of both direction is added again divided by 2 calculate experimental flow field measuring environment pressure to frictional resistance balance measurement head
Interference output under surface action, thus to obtain the pressure interference coefficient of frictional resistance balance.If by the measurement result of both direction
Subtract each other again divided by 2, the frictional resistance output for having deducted measuring environment pressure can be directly obtained, further according to the calibration of frictional resistance balance
And flow field dynamic pressure, the frictional resistance and coefficient of frictional resistance on frictional resistance balance measurement surface can be obtained.In most cases, make
There is pressure gradient in the flowing direction with the measuring environment pressure on frictional resistance balance measurement surface, when frictional resistance balance measurement table
There are when pressure gradient on face, measuring environment pressure point of resultant force necessarily deviates the center on frictional resistance balance measurement surface, also
It is equivalent on frictional resistance balance measurement surface and has acted on an eccentric moment, this eccentric moment will produce frictional resistance balance measurement
Raw interference output, thus will necessarily bring frictional resistance measurement error, therefore, can eliminate eccentric moment there is an urgent need for developing one kind and bring
Error frictional resistance measurement method.
Invention content
Technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a kind of test model skin friction resistance measurement methods.
Double frictional resistance balance measurement methods of the swimming cloths of the present invention comprise the following steps:
A. design experiment model is provided with symmetrical frictional resistance in the longitudinally asymmetric face of frictional resistance measurement surface upper edge model of test model and surveys
Metering-orifice I and frictional resistance measured hole II;
B. frictional resistance balance I is calibrated on frictional resistance balance calibration platform, obtains the coefficient of frictional resistance of frictional resistance balance IIt is dry with torque
Disturb coefficient, frictional resistance balance II is calibrated in the same way, obtains the coefficient of frictional resistance of frictional resistance balance IIIt is dry with torque
Disturb coefficient;
C. frictional resistance balance I is mounted on test model at the position of frictional resistance measured hole I, frictional resistance balance II is mounted on experiment mould
In type at the position of frictional resistance measured hole II, the positive direction of frictional resistance balance I and frictional resistance balance II is consistent with the direction of test air-flow, rubs
The gap of 0.2mm is stayed between resistance measured hole I and measurement head I, is also stayed between frictional resistance measured hole II and measurement head II between 0.2mm
Gap;In installation, measurement head I and the surface of measurement head II and the surface of test model is kept to flush;
D. test model is installed in test chamber, carries out wind tunnel test according to determining state parameter, is recorded in favorable current
The output signal of frictional resistance balance I under stateWith the output signal of frictional resistance balance IIAnd wind tunnel operation state parameter;
E. it will be mounted on after I turn 180 ° of frictional resistance balance on test model at the position of frictional resistance measured hole I, by II turn of frictional resistance balance
It is mounted on test model at the position of frictional resistance measured hole II, at this point, the positive direction of frictional resistance balance I and frictional resistance balance II after 180 °
It is opposite with the direction of test air-flow;The gap of 0.2mm, frictional resistance measured hole II and measurement are stayed between frictional resistance measured hole I and measurement head I
Also the gap of 0.2mm is stayed between first II;In installation, keep measurement head I and the surface of measurement head II and the surface of test model neat
It is flat;
F. test model is installed in test chamber, carries out wind tunnel test according to the state parameter that step D is determined, is recorded in inverse
The output signal of frictional resistance balance I under stream conditionWith the output signal of frictional resistance balance IIAnd wind tunnel operation state parameter;
G. according to formula, it is calculated test model skin friction resistance τ's
Size, thereafter according to the dynamic pressure of wind tunnel test flow fieldWith frictional resistance balance measurement head surface area, by formulaIt calculates
Go out the coefficient of frictional resistance of test model swimming cloths measured place;
H. according to formulaWith, the pressure jamming performance of assessment frictional resistance balance IWith the pressure jamming performance of frictional resistance balance II。
The quantity of frictional resistance balance is 2N, and N is the integer more than or equal to 1.
Survey of the double frictional resistance balance measurement methods of the swimming cloths of the present invention for the even number platform frictional resistance balance more than two
It is also suitable to measure situation, and even number platform frictional resistance balance measurement method is similar with two frictional resistance balance measurement methods, and difference lies in moulds
The trepanning of frictional resistance measured hole is even number in type, prepares, calibrates, measuring experiment and the frictional resistance balance of conversion direction to be also even number platform,
Data processing object is also corresponding even number platform frictional resistance balance.
Test model usually in wind tunnel test is the symmetrical model of the plane of symmetry along longitudinal direction, meanwhile, Flow Field in Wind Tunnel also with
Longitudinally asymmetric face is symmetrical, on model carry out without yaw angle test measurement, in the flow fields environment of no pressure gradient into
Row measures, and acts on the frictional resistance and measuring environment pressure on two frictional resistance balance measurement heads that longitudinally asymmetric face is arranged symmetrically
Strong is equal, if measured in the flow fields environment for having measuring environment pressure gradient, acts on longitudinally asymmetric face
Claim the frictional resistance that acts on and measuring environment pressure generate on two frictional resistance balance measurement heads of arrangement eccentric distance and partially
Mental and physical efforts square is also equal.By two or more even number platform frictional resistance balances on two point positions being arranged symmetrically
Two-wheeled time is carried out along favorable current and inverse air-flow both direction to measure, and can eliminate measuring environment pressure or measuring environment pressure ladder
The interference to frictional resistance balance measurement is spent, acquisition acts on accurate frictional resistance on frictional resistance day tack.
Double frictional resistance balance measurement methods of the swimming cloths of the present invention are arranged symmetrically the frictional resistance of pairing by longitudinally asymmetric face
Balance eliminates measuring environment pressure or pressure gradient on frictional resistance balance measurement surface and generates the error that torque is brought;It reduces
Pressure interference calibration link, improves the whole efficiency of measuring study;Reduce error caused by Flow Field in Wind Tunnel asymmetry.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that two frictional resistance balances in double frictional resistance balance measurement methods of the swimming cloths of the present invention are pacified in model surface
Holding position schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is that I downstream direction of the frictional resistance balance installation in double frictional resistance balance measurement methods of the swimming cloths of the present invention measures
Schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is that I downstream direction of frictional resistance balance in double frictional resistance balance measurement methods of the swimming cloths of the present invention measures pressure
With torque simplification figure;
Fig. 4 is that the frictional resistance balance I in double frictional resistance balance measurement methods of the swimming cloths of the present invention installs measurement against airflow direction
Schematic diagram;
In figure, 1. test model, 2. frictional resistance measured hole, I 3. frictional resistance measured hole, II 4. frictional resistance balance, 5. measurement head.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Embodiment 1
The first step measures the requirement of points according to the wind tunnel test that 1 swimming cloths of test model measure, from having completed simultaneously
By in more frictional resistance balances of preliminary calibration, two frictional resistance balances for selecting calibration result good are spare;According to wind tunnel test mould
Type design specification designs the test model 1 similar with Fig. 1, the wind tunnel test measurement point measured according to 1 swimming cloths of test model
Several requirements and the frictional resistance balance structure size selected determine point position on test model 1 and open the form of measured hole,
According to the shape of frictional resistance balance measurement head be rectangle or circle, the opening form of the swimming cloths measured hole I 2 of test model 1 with
The shape of frictional resistance balance measurement head is consistent, frictional resistance measured hole I 2 be open size by frictional resistance balance I 4 I 5 surface of measurement head it is big
Small decision, if measurement head I 5 is rectangle, frictional resistance measured hole I 2 is also opened as rectangle, and the length of side of the side ratio that is open measurement head I 5 is big
0.2mm, if measurement head I 5 is circle, frictional resistance measured hole I 2 is also opened as circle, and opening diameter is bigger than the diameter of measurement head I 5
0.2mm, it is ensured that the measurement head I 5 of frictional resistance balance I 4 is mounted on test model 1 behind I 2 position of frictional resistance measured hole, surrounding not with
1 surface of test model contacts;Then, frictional resistance measured hole II 3 is opened at the mirror position in the longitudinally asymmetric face of frictional resistance measured hole I 2,
The shape and size of this opening are identical as I 2 opening of frictional resistance measured hole.According to frictional resistance balance I 4 and 1 connection structure of test model
Form, in the corresponding connection structure form of model interior design, it is ensured that frictional resistance balance I 4 is connect reliably with test model 1, is adjusted
And convenient disassembly.
Second step respectively calibrates frictional resistance balance I 4 and frictional resistance balance II according to frictional resistance balance calibration requirement, obtains
The coefficient of frictional resistance of frictional resistance balance I 4With torque interference coefficientWith the coefficient of frictional resistance of frictional resistance balance IIWith
Torque interference coefficient, unit is respectively mv/N and mv/N.m.
Third walks, and the correspondence of frictional resistance balance I 4 is installed to frictional resistance measured hole I 2 shown in FIG. 1, such as Fig. 2 institutes after installation is complete
Show, when installation needs to pay attention to following item:
A. I 4 positive direction of frictional resistance balance is identical as test air-flow flow direction;
B. I 5 surface of measurement head of frictional resistance balance I 4 is flushed with the outer surface of test model 1;
C. I 5 surface of measurement head of frictional resistance balance I 4 is identical as the gap on 1 surface of test model.
The correspondence of frictional resistance balance II is installed to frictional resistance measured hole II 3 shown in FIG. 1, installation requirement and first by the 4th step
The frictional resistance balance of platform is identical.
The test model 1 for installing frictional resistance balance is fixedly mounted on model supporting mechanism in test chamber by the 5th step
On, when installation, ensures that test model 1 is symmetrical in wind-tunnel.
6th step carries out wind tunnel test according to determining state parameter, and record frictional resistance balance I 4 and frictional resistance balance II are suitable
Output signal under stream conditionWithAnd wind tunnel operation state parameter, experimental enviroment parameter.
7th step, by model frictional resistance balance I 4 and frictional resistance balance II remove, will pacify after I 4 turns 180 ° of frictional resistance balance
Mounted on test model at the position of frictional resistance measured hole I 2, as shown in figure 4, by experiment mould is mounted on after II turn 180 ° of frictional resistance balance
In type at the position of frictional resistance measured hole II 3, other than the conversion of the positive direction of frictional resistance balance, in remaining installation requirement and step 3
B, c is identical.
8th step carries out wind tunnel test according to determining state parameter, and record frictional resistance balance I 4 and frictional resistance balance II are inverse
Output signal under stream conditionWithAnd wind tunnel operation state parameter, experimental enviroment parameter.
The data processing of 9th step, aircraft surface coefficient of frictional resistance uses following steps and formula:
A. under downstream direction installation situation, the output of frictional resistance balance I 4 is frictional resistance balance I 4:
(1)
In formula:For frictional resistance balance, balance exports under downstream direction, mV;
For the shearing force of test air-flow, that is, frictional resistance balance I 4 I 5 surface action of measurement head frictional resistance, N;
For I 5 surface of measurement head of frictional resistance balance I 4 measurement head centre of surface is moved in measuring environment pressure P integral action points
The additional moment generated afterwards(Fig. 3), N.m;
For 5 surface of frictional resistance balance measurement head after measuring environment pressure integral action point moves to measurement head centre of surface frictional resistance
The interference of balance exports, mV.
B. under inverse airflow direction installation situation, the output of frictional resistance balance I 4 is frictional resistance balance I 4:
(2)
C. by(1)-(2)It releases:
(3)
D. by(1)+(2)Arrangement obtains:
(4)
E. similarly, for frictional resistance balance II, after converting measurement direction, to the output knot of two round frictional resistance balances of acquisition
Fruit, using with formula in frictional resistance balance I(1),(2),(3)Similar processing, it can be deduced that:
(4)
(5)
F. by(5)Arrangement obtains:
(6)
G. will(6)It substitutes into(3)In, the frictional resistance at frictional resistance balance measurement head position on 1 surface of test model is obtained after arrangement
For:
(7)
H. the flow field dynamic pressure known wind-tunnel friction resistance test measuredIt is accumulated with frictional resistance balance measurement head surfaceSubstitute into formula
(8), it can be deduced that the coefficient of frictional resistance on 1 surface of test model at frictional resistance balance measurement head position is:
(8)
I. the output absolute value by comparing frictional resistance balance on favorable current and inverse air-flow both direction and interfered with pressure defeated
Go out, assess the pressure jamming performance of the frictional resistance balance, for frictional resistance balance I 4 and frictional resistance balance II, pressure jamming performance difference
For:
(9)
(10).
Claims (2)
1. a kind of double frictional resistance balance measurement methods of swimming cloths, which is characterized in that the measurement method includes as follows successively
Step:
A. design experiment model(1), in test model(1)The longitudinally asymmetric face of frictional resistance measurement surface upper edge model be provided with symmetrically
Frictional resistance measured hole I(2)With frictional resistance measured hole II(3);
B. frictional resistance balance I is calibrated on frictional resistance balance calibration platform(4), obtain frictional resistance balance I(4)Coefficient of frictional resistanceAnd power
Square interference coefficient, frictional resistance balance II is calibrated in the same way, obtains the coefficient of frictional resistance of frictional resistance balance IIAnd power
Square interference coefficient;
C. by frictional resistance balance I(4)Mounted on test model(1)Upper frictional resistance measured hole I(2)Position at, frictional resistance balance II is pacified
Mounted in test model(1)Upper frictional resistance measured hole II(3)Position at, frictional resistance balance I(4)Positive direction with frictional resistance balance II and examination
The direction for testing air-flow is consistent, frictional resistance measured hole I(2)With measurement head I(5)Between stay the gap of 0.2mm, frictional resistance measured hole II(3)
The gap of 0.2mm is also stayed between measurement head II;In installation, measurement head I is kept(5)Surface with measurement head II and test model
(1)Surface flush;
D. by test model(1)It installs in test chamber, carries out wind tunnel test according to determining state parameter, be recorded in pleasant
Frictional resistance balance I under stream mode(4)Output signalWith the output signal of frictional resistance balance IIAnd wind tunnel operation state parameter;
E. by frictional resistance balance I(4)Test model is mounted on after turning 180 °(1)Upper frictional resistance measured hole I(2)Position at, by frictional resistance
Test model is mounted on after II turn 180 ° of balance(1)Upper frictional resistance measured hole II(3)Position at, at this point, frictional resistance balance I(4)With
The positive direction of frictional resistance balance II is opposite with the direction of test air-flow;Frictional resistance measured hole I(2)With measurement head I(5)Between stay 0.2mm
Gap, frictional resistance measured hole II(3)The gap of 0.2mm is also stayed between measurement head II;In installation, measurement head I is kept(5)And survey
Measure surface and the test model of head II(1)Surface flush;
F. by test model(1)It installs in test chamber, wind tunnel test, record is carried out according to the state parameter that step D is determined
The frictional resistance balance I under inverse stream condition(4)Output signalWith the output signal of frictional resistance balance IIAnd wind tunnel operation state
Parameter;
G. according to formula, test model is calculated(1)Skin friction resistance τ's
Size, thereafter according to the dynamic pressure of wind tunnel test flow fieldWith frictional resistance balance measurement head surface area, by formulaIt calculates
Test model(1)The coefficient of frictional resistance of swimming cloths measured place;
H. according to formulaWith, assessment frictional resistance balance I(4)Pressure jamming performanceWith the pressure jamming performance of frictional resistance balance II。
2. a kind of double frictional resistance balance measurement methods of swimming cloths according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Frictional resistance balance
Quantity be 2N, N is the integer more than or equal to 1.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111141479A (en) * | 2020-02-13 | 2020-05-12 | 北京航空航天大学 | Test device for improving measurement precision of plate friction resistance |
| CN111175016A (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2020-05-19 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心高速空气动力研究所 | Surface friction resistance wind tunnel measuring method based on box type friction resistance balance |
| CN111189611A (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2020-05-22 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心高速空气动力研究所 | Wind tunnel test method based on strain type two-component surface friction resistance measuring balance |
| CN111458100A (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2020-07-28 | 北京空天技术研究所 | Aircraft bottom resistance coefficient correction method |
| CN112729752A (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2021-04-30 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心超高速空气动力研究所 | Spaceflight friction resistance sensor based on K-shaped pipe differential pressure measurement |
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| CN111141479A (en) * | 2020-02-13 | 2020-05-12 | 北京航空航天大学 | Test device for improving measurement precision of plate friction resistance |
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| CN111175016A (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2020-05-19 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心高速空气动力研究所 | Surface friction resistance wind tunnel measuring method based on box type friction resistance balance |
| CN111189611A (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2020-05-22 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心高速空气动力研究所 | Wind tunnel test method based on strain type two-component surface friction resistance measuring balance |
| CN111175016B (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2020-12-15 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心高速空气动力研究所 | Surface friction resistance wind tunnel measuring method based on box type friction resistance balance |
| CN111189611B (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2021-05-25 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心高速空气动力研究所 | Wind tunnel test method based on strain type two-component surface friction resistance measuring balance |
| CN111458100A (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2020-07-28 | 北京空天技术研究所 | Aircraft bottom resistance coefficient correction method |
| CN112729752A (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2021-04-30 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心超高速空气动力研究所 | Spaceflight friction resistance sensor based on K-shaped pipe differential pressure measurement |
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