CN108689815B - Synthetic method of indanone compound - Google Patents

Synthetic method of indanone compound Download PDF

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CN108689815B
CN108689815B CN201810675285.7A CN201810675285A CN108689815B CN 108689815 B CN108689815 B CN 108689815B CN 201810675285 A CN201810675285 A CN 201810675285A CN 108689815 B CN108689815 B CN 108689815B
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吴豫生
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Huzhou Derui Medical Technology Co.,Ltd.
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    • C07C45/51Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by pyrolysis, rearrangement or decomposition
    • C07C45/54Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by pyrolysis, rearrangement or decomposition of compounds containing doubly bound oxygen atoms, e.g. esters
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Abstract

The invention discloses a synthesis method of an indanone compound, which comprises the steps of adding a catalyst and an oxidant into a reaction bottle respectively, then adding a compound shown in formula (2), then adding a solvent, reacting under the protection of argon, wherein the reaction temperature is 70-120 ℃, the reaction time is 2-6 hours, and reacting to obtain the indanone compound; wherein the catalyst is Cu (OAc)2、CuCl2、CuBr2、CuO、CuF2、Cu(OTf)2、Cu(OH)2、Cu(NO3)2、CuCl、CuBr、CuI、Cu2O, tert-butyl hydroperoxide as an oxidizing agent, and toluene as a solvent. The invention provides a new synthetic idea of indenone compounds, a copper catalyst is used, the price of copper is low, the reserve amount is rich, the copper catalyst is environment-friendly, and the copper-catalyzed hydrogenation acylation reaction meets the requirement of green chemistry.

Description

Synthetic method of indanone compound
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of organic synthesis, in particular to a method for synthesizing indanone compounds.
Background
Transition metal catalyzed hydrogenation and acylation reaction of aldehyde and unsaturated organic compounds (such as olefin, alkyne, ketone and the like) is an important reaction in organic synthesis, and a C-C bond is effectively constructed. At present, various transition metals including noble metals such as rhodium, cobalt, ruthenium, iridium and palladium can effectively catalyze the hydrogenation acylation reaction, but the metals are expensive and resource-exhausted, and in addition, the heavy metal residue of the product is caused.
The indenone compound is an important organic synthesis intermediate, and has wide application in the aspects of medicines, pesticides, dye synthesis, organic luminescent materials and the like. The indenone compound has high pharmacological activity. For example, compound 1 (Donepezil) is mainly used for the treatment of senile dementia and has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and other compounds having similar structures are being studied for anti-senile dementia. Compound 2 (Indinavir ) is a protease inhibitor, and is mainly used for treating HIV infection and AIDS. The compound with the structure of the compound 3 and the derivative thereof are the raticide with good effect. The compound with the structure of the compound 4 and the derivative thereof not only show good herbicidal activity, but also can reduce the harm to crops.
Figure BDA0001709368820000011
Figure BDA0001709368820000021
The synthesis of the indanone compound is carried out by catalyzing aldehyde and unsaturated organic compound hydrogenation acylation reaction with transition metal, and the catalyst used at present is noble metal such as rhodium, cobalt, ruthenium, iridium and palladium. Based on the above important application of indanone compounds, research on the synthesis method thereof is necessary in order to find a more economically applicable synthesis method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problem of providing a synthetic method of indenone compounds, which uses a copper catalyst, does not need to use a noble metal catalyst, and has the advantages of cheap and easily obtained raw materials and simple production operation.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a synthetic method of indanone compounds has the following reaction equation:
Figure BDA0001709368820000022
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
n is 0 or 1 or 2, R is selected from hydrogen, halogen, C1-6Alkoxy and C1-6Alkyl groups of (a);
a method for synthesizing a compound represented by formula (I): respectively adding a catalyst, an oxidant, a compound shown as a formula (2) and a solvent into a reaction bottle, and reacting under the protection of argon at the temperature of 70-120 ℃ for 2-6 hours to obtain a compound shown as a formula (I);
the catalyst is as follows: cu (OAc)2、CuCl2、CuBr2、CuO、CuF2、Cu(OTf)2、Cu(OH)2、Cu(NO3)2、CuCl、CuBr、CuI、Cu2O, the catalyst is used in the following amount: the molar ratio of the compound represented by the formula (2) to the molar ratio of the catalyst is 100 to (1-10);
the oxidant is tert-butyl hydroperoxide, and the dosage of the oxidant is as follows: the mole number of the compound shown in the formula (2) and the mole number of the oxidant are 1: 3;
the solvent is as follows: toluene, mesitylene, chlorobenzene, trifluorotoluene, 1, 4-dioxane, and 1, 2-dichloroethane.
As a preferred embodiment, the catalyst is: CuO and CuF2、Cu(NO3)2Any one of the above.
As a preferred embodiment, the catalyst is used in the amount of: the molar ratio of the compound represented by the formula (2) to the molar ratio of the catalyst is 100 to (3-5).
As a more preferred embodiment, the catalyst is CuO.
As a more preferred embodiment, the catalyst is used in an amount of: the molar ratio of the compound represented by the formula (2) to the molar ratio of the catalyst is 100: 3.
As a more preferred embodiment, the solvent is toluene.
As a more preferred embodiment, the solvent is used in an amount of: 4ml of toluene was used per 1mmol of the compound represented by the formula (2).
In a preferred embodiment, the reaction temperature is 90-110 ℃ and the reaction time is 4-6 hours.
As a more preferred embodiment, the reaction temperature is 110 ℃ and the reaction time is 5 hours.
In the process of screening and optimizing reaction conditions, the optimal conditions of the synthesis method of the compound shown in the formula (I) are found as follows: the compound shown in the formula (2) reacts for 5 hours at 110 ℃ under the protection of argon by using CuO as a catalyst, tert-butyl hydroperoxide as an oxidant and toluene as a solvent to obtain the compound shown in the formula (I).
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a new synthesis idea of indenone compounds, and the copper catalyst is used, so that the copper is low in price, abundant in reserve and environment-friendly, and the copper-catalyzed hydrogenation acylation reaction meets the requirement of green chemistry, thereby providing a more economic method for the synthesis of the indenone compounds.
The method has the advantages of cheap and easily obtained raw materials, simple production operation, no need of noble metals, environmental protection and safety. The copper catalyst is very cheap, the production cost is greatly reduced, and meanwhile, the experimental operation is simple, so that the copper catalyst can be developed into an industrial production method.
The invention carries out screening optimization on synthesis conditions and further improves the reaction yield.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail by examples.
Examples 1 to 12
The target compound 2-methyl-1-indanone has a structural formula as follows:
Figure BDA0001709368820000041
the reaction equation is:
Figure BDA0001709368820000042
synthesized by the following method:
after adding a copper catalyst (0.025mmol) and t-butyl hydroperoxide (450.00mg,1.50mmol) as an oxidant to a dry Schlenk tube containing magnetons, respectively, argon gas was replaced three times, and then weighed 2-allylbenzaldehyde (73.00mg,0.50mmol) and toluene (3mL) were put into the Schlenk tube, argon gas was replaced three times again, and the reaction was carried out under argon protection at a reaction temperature of 110 ℃ for 6 hours. After the reaction, the reaction was stopped, cooled to room temperature, filtered, washed with saturated brine three times, the aqueous phase was back-extracted with ethyl acetate twice, the organic phases were combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and spin-dried. Separating by thin layer chromatography to obtain the target product 2-methyl-1-indanone, and calculating the separation yield.
Examples 1-12 each used a different copper catalyst, as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0001709368820000043
Figure BDA0001709368820000051
Various copper catalysts are screened, and as can be seen from Table 1, under the condition of copper catalysis, 2-methyl-1-indanone compounds are synthesized. Several cupric catalysts were first screened, and when copper oxide was used as the catalyst, the reaction yield was up to 62%. Then, the monovalent copper catalyst was screened again, and the reaction yield was on the lower side of the middle level. Therefore, a divalent copper catalyst is preferably used, and copper oxide is more preferably used as a catalyst for the reaction.
Next, the oxidizing agent was screened. From examples 1 to 12, it can be seen that the yield was up to 62% when tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) was used as the oxidizing agent. Comparative examples 1 to 3 used di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) as the oxidizing agent and hydrogen peroxide, m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (m-CPBA) as the oxidizing agent, respectively.
Synthetic methods of comparative examples 1-3: after adding CuO (0.025mmol) as a catalyst and 1.50mmol as an oxidizing agent to a dry Schlenk tube containing magnetons to replace argon gas three times, weighed 2-allylbenzaldehyde (73.00mg,0.50mmol) and toluene (3mL) were put into the Schlenk tube to replace argon gas three times, and the reaction was carried out under the protection of argon gas at a reaction temperature of 110 ℃ for 6 hours. After the reaction, the reaction was stopped, cooled to room temperature, filtered, washed with saturated brine three times, the aqueous phase was back-extracted with ethyl acetate twice, the organic phases were combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and spin-dried. The separation was performed by thin layer chromatography, and the separation yield was calculated.
Comparative examples 1-3 used different oxidizing agents, as shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
Comparative example Oxidizing agent Yield (%)
1 DTBP 9
2 H2O2 Without product
3 m-CPBA Without product
When di-tert-butyl peroxide was used as the oxidizing agent, the yield was 9%. When hydrogen peroxide or m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid is used as the oxidizing agent, no target product is produced. Therefore, t-butyl hydroperoxide is used as the oxidizing agent for the reaction.
Examples 13 to 20
The target compound 2-methyl-1-indanone has a structural formula as follows:
Figure BDA0001709368820000061
the reaction equation is:
Figure BDA0001709368820000062
synthesized by the following method:
after a copper oxide catalyst (0.025mmol) and t-butyl hydroperoxide (450.00mg,1.50mmol) as an oxidant were added to a dry Schlenk tube containing magnetons to replace argon three times, weighed 2-allylbenzaldehyde (73.00mg,0.50mmol) and toluene (3mL) were put into the Schlenk tube to replace argon three times, and the reaction was carried out under argon protection, specifically, the reaction temperature and the reaction time were shown in table 3. After the reaction, the reaction was stopped, cooled to room temperature, filtered, washed with saturated brine three times, the aqueous phase was back-extracted with ethyl acetate twice, the organic phases were combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and spin-dried. Separating by thin layer chromatography to obtain the target product 2-methyl-1-indanone, and calculating the separation yield.
Examples 13 to 20 were carried out at different reaction temperatures and different reaction times, as shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3
Examples Reaction temperature (. degree.C.) Reaction time (h) Yield (%)
13 50 6 26
14 70 6 56
15 90 6 61
4 110 6 62
16 120 6 60
17 110 5 67
18 110 4 61
19 110 3 59
20 110 2 57
The reaction temperature was investigated, and the influence of 120 ℃, 110 ℃, 90 ℃, 70 ℃ and 50 ℃ on the reaction yield was examined. It was found that increasing the temperature was beneficial for the reaction. When the reaction temperature is increased to 110 ℃, the reaction yield is the highest and reaches 62%, the temperature is continuously increased to 120 ℃, and the yield is slightly reduced. Therefore, the reaction temperature is preferably 110 ℃.
Next, the reaction time was selected. When the reaction time was 5 hours, the reaction yield was up to 67%. When the reaction time was decreased or increased, the yield was not high when the reaction time was 5 hours. Therefore, the reaction time is preferably 5 hours.
Examples 21 to 25
The target compound 2-methyl-1-indanone has a structural formula as follows:
Figure BDA0001709368820000071
the reaction equation is:
Figure BDA0001709368820000072
synthesized by the following method:
after a copper oxide catalyst (0.025mmol) and t-butyl hydroperoxide (450.00mg,1.50mmol) as an oxidant were added to a dry Schlenk tube containing magnetons to replace argon three times, respectively, weighed 2-allylbenzaldehyde (73.00mg,0.50mmol) and a reaction solvent (3mL) were put into the Schlenk tube to replace argon three times again, and the reaction was carried out under argon protection at 110 ℃ for 5 hours. After the reaction, the reaction was stopped, cooled to room temperature, filtered, washed with saturated brine three times, the aqueous phase was back-extracted with ethyl acetate twice, the organic phases were combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and spin-dried. Separating by thin layer chromatography to obtain the target product 2-methyl-1-indanone, and calculating the separation yield.
Examples 21 to 25 each used a different reaction solvent, as shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4
Examples Reaction temperature (. degree.C.) Reaction solvent Yield (%)
21 110 Mesitylene 26
22 110 Chlorobenzene 56
23 110 Trifluorotoluene 61
24 110 1, 4-dioxane 62
25 110 1, 2-dichloroethane 60
17 110 Toluene 67
The influence of the solvent on the reaction yield was screened. When 1,3, 5-trimethylbenzene (mesitylene), chlorobenzene, benzotrifluoride, 1, 4-dioxane and 1, 2-dichloroethane are selected as solvents, the reaction yield is on the middle lower side; when toluene is selected as the solvent, the reaction yield is highest. Therefore, toluene is preferably used as the reaction solvent.
Examples 26 to 28
The amount of solvent used was then screened as seen in examples 26-28.
Examples 26-28 were synthesized by the following method:
after a copper oxide catalyst (0.025mmol) and an oxidant, i.e., t-butyl hydroperoxide (450.00mg,1.50mmol), were added to a dry Schlenk tube containing magnetons, argon gas was replaced three times, and weighed 2-allylbenzaldehyde (73.00mg,0.50mmol) and various amounts of toluene solvent were put into the Schlenk tube, argon gas was replaced three times again, and the reaction was carried out under argon gas protection at a reaction temperature of 110 ℃ for 5 hours. After the reaction, the reaction was stopped, cooled to room temperature, filtered, washed with saturated brine three times, the aqueous phase was back-extracted with ethyl acetate twice, the organic phases were combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and spin-dried. Separating by thin layer chromatography to obtain the target product 2-methyl-1-indanone, and calculating the separation yield.
Examples 26-28 each used different amounts of the reaction solvent toluene, as shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5
Examples Reaction temperature (. degree.C.) Reaction solvent Amount of solvent (ml) Yield (%)
26 110 Toluene 1 50
27 110 Toluene 2 71
28 110 Toluene 4 68
When the amount of toluene is 2mL, the reaction yield reaches 71%, and when the amount of toluene is increased or decreased, the reaction yield is reduced. Therefore, 2mL of toluene is preferred as the solvent.
Examples 29 to 31
The amount of catalyst used has an important influence on the yield of the reaction. The amounts of catalyst used were screened by examples 29-31.
Examples 29-31 were synthesized by the following method:
after different amounts of copper oxide catalyst and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (450.00mg,1.50mmol) as oxidant were added to a dry Schlenk tube containing magnetons to displace argon three times, respectively, weighed 2-allylbenzaldehyde (73.00mg,0.50mmol) and toluene solvent (2ml) were put into the Schlenk tube to displace argon three times again, and the reaction was carried out under argon protection at 110 ℃ for 5 hours. After the reaction, the reaction was stopped, cooled to room temperature, filtered, washed with saturated brine three times, the aqueous phase was back-extracted with ethyl acetate twice, the organic phases were combined, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and spin-dried. Separating by thin layer chromatography to obtain the target product 2-methyl-1-indanone, and calculating the separation yield.
Examples 29-31 each utilized different amounts of copper oxide, as shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6
Examples Reaction temperature (. degree.C.) Copper oxide dosage (mmol) Yield (%)
29 110 0.05 62
27 110 0.025 71
30 110 0.015 79
31 110 0.005 68
The amount of catalyst was screened to find that when the equivalent weight of copper oxide was 0.015mmol, i.e. the molar ratio to 2-allylbenzaldehyde was: when the ratio of 2-allyl benzaldehyde to copper oxide is 100: 3, the reaction effect is best and the yield is highest; when the amount of copper oxide is increased or decreased, the reaction yield is decreased. Thus, the amount of copper oxide used was selected to be 0.015mmol, i.e. the molar ratio to 2-allylbenzaldehyde: 2-allylbenzaldehyde to copper oxide 100: 3.
The 2-allyl benzaldehyde is used as a substrate, and different reaction conditions such as catalysts, oxidants, solvents, temperature, time and the like are systematically screened, so that better reaction conditions are finally obtained. Under the condition, the synthesis of the 2-methyl-1-indanone is carried out, and the specific steps are as follows.
(1) Synthesis of catalyst
Palladium dichloride (1.77g,1mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran solution (180mL), argon was replaced, LiCl (0.85g,2mmol) was then added, stirring was performed at room temperature for 5 minutes, triphenylphosphine (5.24g,2mmol) was added to the mixed solution, replaced again with argon, and reacted at room temperature for 2 hours under an argon atmosphere (Scheme 3.2). After the reaction was completed, the reaction mixture was filtered and recrystallized from methyl tert-butyl ether to obtain bis-triphenylphosphine palladium dichloride (yellow solid, yield 95%) as a catalyst.
Figure BDA0001709368820000101
(2) Synthesis of 2-allylbenzaldehyde
Sodium carbonate (35.30g,333.00mmol) was weighed and dissolved in 333mL of water to prepare a 1mol/L sodium carbonate solution.
2-formylphenylboronic acid (25.00g,166.70mmol), 3-bromopropyl (30.00g,250.00mmol) and 2-formylphenylboronic acid (5.85g,8.34mmol) were weighed into a 500mL three-necked flask, 100mL of tetrahydrofuran was added thereto, and the mixture was replaced with argon three times and placed in an oil bath pan previously heated to 50 ℃ for reaction. The prepared sodium carbonate solution (1mol/L) was added dropwise to the mixed solution over 1 hour, the oil bath was heated to 85 ℃ and the reaction was refluxed for 4 hours (Scheme 3.3). After the reaction is finished, cooling to room temperature, adding water for quenching, separating out an organic phase, washing the organic phase with saturated salt water for three times, back-extracting the organic phase with ethyl acetate for two times, combining the organic phases, drying the organic phase with anhydrous sodium sulfate, performing rotary drying under reduced pressure, and purifying a crude product by column chromatography to obtain 2-allyl benzaldehyde (light yellow liquid, yield is 62%).
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ10.25(s,1H),7.84(dd,J=7.7,1.4Hz,1H),7.55-7.51(m,1H),7.41-7.37(m,1H),7.29(d,J=1.6Hz,1H),6.08-5.98(m,1H),5.11-5.07(m,1H),5.00-4.95(m,1H),3.83-3.80(m,2H);MS(ESI)(m/z):147.2[M+H]+
Figure BDA0001709368820000102
(3) Synthesis of 2-methyl-1-indanone
Copper oxide (1.18mg,0.015mmol) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (450.00mg,1.50mmol) were added to a dry Schlenk tube containing magnetons, respectively, argon gas was replaced three times, and then weighed 2-allylbenzaldehyde (73.00mg,0.50mmol) and toluene (2mL) were put into a Schlenk tube, argon gas was replaced three times again, the reaction was carried out under argon gas protection, the reaction temperature was 110 ℃, the reaction was stopped after 5 hours of reaction, cooling to room temperature, filtration, washing with saturated common salt three times, back-extracting the aqueous phase with ethyl acetate twice, combining the organic phases, drying with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and spin-drying. Separating by thin layer chromatography to obtain the target product 2-methyl-1-indanone as yellow liquid.
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.75(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.58(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.45(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.36(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),3.43-3.37(m,1H),2.76-2.66(m,1H),1.31(d,J=7.2Hz,3H);13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ209.5,153.5,136.4,134.7,127.4,126.6,124.0,42.0,35.0,16.3;MS(ESI)(m/z):147.1[M+H]+
Examples 32 to 36
According to the screened optimal reaction conditions, the reaction substrate 2-allyl benzaldehyde is changed, a series of indenone compounds are respectively synthesized, and the yield can reach more than a medium level. The specific compounds synthesized are shown in table 7.
TABLE 7
Figure BDA0001709368820000111
Figure BDA0001709368820000121
The above description is only an example of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent modifications made by the present invention in the specification or other related fields directly or indirectly are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A synthetic method of indanone compounds is characterized in that the reaction equation is as follows:
Figure FDA0002882902070000011
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
n is 0 or 1 or 2, R is selected from hydrogen, halogen, C1-6Alkoxy and C1-6Alkyl groups of (a);
a method for synthesizing a compound represented by formula (I): respectively adding a catalyst, an oxidant, a compound shown in a formula (2) and a solvent into a reaction bottle, and reacting under the protection of argon at the temperature of 70-120 ℃ for 2-6 hours to obtain a compound shown in a formula (I);
the catalyst is CuO, and the dosage of the catalyst is as follows: the molar ratio of the compound represented by the formula (2) to the molar ratio of the catalyst is 100 to (1-10);
the oxidant is tert-butyl hydroperoxide, and the dosage of the oxidant is as follows: the mole number of the compound shown in the formula (2) and the mole number of the oxidant are 1: 3;
the solvent is as follows: toluene, mesitylene, chlorobenzene, trifluorotoluene, 1, 4-dioxane, and 1, 2-dichloroethane.
2. The method for synthesizing indanone compounds according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the catalyst is: the molar ratio of the compound represented by the formula (2) to the molar ratio of the catalyst is 100 to (3-5).
3. The method for synthesizing indanone compounds according to claim 2, wherein the amount of the catalyst is as follows: the molar ratio of the compound represented by the formula (2) to the molar ratio of the catalyst is 100: 3.
4. The method for synthesizing indanone compounds according to claim 1, wherein the solvent is toluene.
5. The method for synthesizing indanone compounds according to claim 4, wherein the solvent is used in an amount of: 4ml of toluene was used per 1mmol of the compound represented by the formula (2).
6. The method for synthesizing the indenone compound according to claim 1, wherein the reaction temperature is 90-110 ℃ and the reaction time is 4-6 hours.
7. The method for synthesizing indanone compounds according to claim 6, wherein the reaction temperature is 110 ℃ and the reaction time is 5 hours.
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