CN108682460A - Shallow pool nuclear energy low-temperature heat supply stack device and its operation method - Google Patents
Shallow pool nuclear energy low-temperature heat supply stack device and its operation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108682460A CN108682460A CN201810506372.XA CN201810506372A CN108682460A CN 108682460 A CN108682460 A CN 108682460A CN 201810506372 A CN201810506372 A CN 201810506372A CN 108682460 A CN108682460 A CN 108682460A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21D—NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
- G21D9/00—Arrangements to provide heat for purposes other than conversion into power, e.g. for heating buildings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/02—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices
- G21C15/14—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices from headers; from joints in ducts
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of shallow pool nuclear energy low-temperature heat supply stack device and its operation method, is related to nuclear energy low temperature heating reactor technical field, to solve existing swimming pool formula low temperature heating reactor safety and the undesirable technical problem still to be improved of economy.Shallow pool nuclear energy low-temperature heat supply stack device includes：Main heat exchanger in major cycle water pump and pond is set in the pond in on-swimmer's pool；Major cycle water pump is placed in the head end of primary Ioops in pond, and its entrance communicates with on-swimmer's pool, exports and be connected with the entrance of reactor core；The primary Ioops water inlet of main heat exchanger lower end is linked in the outlet and pond of reactor core.It, being capable of the possibility that is largely lost of natural elimination reaction heap catalyst carrier using main heat exchanger in major cycle water pump in full immersed type pond and pond；Major cycle water pump in pond is arranged in the head end of reactor-loop, pressure, the heat-transfer capability of core exit temperature, thermal technology's safety margin of shallow pond low temperature heating reactor and reactor core and main heat exchanger in reactor core and primary Ioops can be improved by the pressurization of major cycle water pump in pond.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to nuclear energy low temperature heating reactor technical field, more particularly to a kind of shallow pool nuclear energy low-temperature heat supply stack device
And its operation method.
Background technology
With the continuous improvement of Chinese Urbanization and living standards of the people, concentrated supply of heating in the city is adopted in fast development, the north
Warm regional development is to 17 provinces and cities, autonomous regions, and heating population is more than 700,000,000.The major part of National urban central heating at present
Cogeneration of heat and power and district boiler room are still relied on, the fuel used is based on the coal that directly burns, the coal of annual heating consumption
For charcoal more than 500,000,000 tons, combustion product is to cause often to occur transprovincially joining during heating in the direct low-altitude discharged in resident area of concentration
One of the main reason for day haze weather.In various clean energy resourcies, China whole nation power generation total installation of generating capacity only has 16.5 hundred million thousand
Watt, it can not generally realize that coal changes electricity in addition to individual big cities, it is also limited to set aside heating natural gas quantity, industrial exhaust heat
Using having obtained partial development, remaining majority is dispersion or the heat source apart from residential block farther out, and photovoltaic electric and wind energy make
Constantly expanded with range, but since it is apparent intermittent it is difficult to ensure the base load load of urban heat supplying, urban planning collection
Middle heat source notch increasingly increases, and finds cleaning alternative energy source and has become the matter of great urgency.
China has been carried out the research and development of low temperature heating reactor nearly 40 years, although process heat reactor is than nuclear power station power
Reactor small scale, thermal parameter is also more significantly lower, but not yet builds up dedicated low temperature heap district heating atomic power plant, heap of tracing it to its cause so far
Type selects and process heat reactor design phiolosophy is one of main problem therein.In the low temperature organized not long ago by Chinese core association
6 kinds of heap-type are proposed in process heat reactor special meeting altogether, can be generally divided into shell-type low temperature heating reactor, pool case combination low-temperature process heat reactor
With pool type heating reactor three classes.Since the final purpose of concentrated supply of heating in the city is only to keep 25 DEG C of 18 ￣ in office building and resident room
It is suitble to the temperature of mankind's activity, so the design of process heat reactor, the characteristics of requirement of low temperature should be made full use of, reasonable drop to the maximum extent
The temperature and pressure of low reaction heap is realized deterministic nuclear safety prior to PWR of Nuclear Power Station with this, only in this way just be can guarantee
The popularization and application of nuclear heating.Since low temperature heating reactor is directly to build the nuclear heating dress closed within city or residential block in
It sets, therefore it must rely only on the effect of natural cause to complete its all safe refrigerating function, actually exclude major accident
Risk no longer needs to formulate any accident emergency evacuation plan, ensures being perfectly safe for core heat supply to surrounding resident and enterprise, and
And the poisonous and harmful substance of any pollution environment is not discharged in the process of running.In the complete of design, device fabrication and operational management
In the process, it only with the mature technology of industry broad practice verification, should not use any new with experimental study property
Strange technical characteristic.The characteristics of making full use of requirement of low temperature simultaneously reduces the thermal parameter of process heat reactor to the maximum extent, until will be anti-
It answers heap primary Ioops to be converted into atmospheric unit, and simplifies the system equipment of district heating atomic power plant, ensure to realize its safety, reliable with this
Property and cost-effectiveness requirement.
Thermal energy transmission technology into heat supply network since the new century has obtained developing on a large scale very much, liberate just China with reference to the former Soviet Union
Heat supply network supply water temperature is set to 150 DEG C by heat supply standard, very high to heat source requirement, so the former Soviet Union is to implement nuclear energy centralized heat
Have to develop the special shell-type process heat reactor of the higher ACT-500 types of heating parameter again.But China major part heat supply area is not
All in severe cold areas as Russia, so heat supply network supply water temperature was changed to 130 DEG C later, it may be used more pass through in this way
The sizing utilidor of Ji reduces heat supply network cost.The defeated thermal technology of heat pump has obtained developing on a large scale very much in recent years, by the small temperature of moderate temperature
The heat source of poor big flow is converted into the flow of the big temperature difference (130 20 DEG C of ￣) small flow by the effect of heat pump, with this by Low Temperature Thermal
It economically can be farthest transported to the area other than 100 kilometers, heat user converts this thermal energy to small temperature difference big flow again on the spot, and
Because the hot water temperature that registers one's residence after generally using floor heating heat supply requires to be no more than 50 DEG C of 40 ￣, material is thus formed whole reasonable, warps
The large size city central heating system of Ji.This defeated hot mode constitutes conclusive influence to the type selecting of nuclear heating heap, because
It is more than 100 DEG C also not require the supply water temperature at nuclear heating station for municipal heating systems big again.In view of these conditions, in various confessions
Normal pressure pool type heating reactor just becomes the first choice of concentrated supply of heating in the city naturally in thermal reactor, the pond that it builds as nuclear power development initial stage
Formula experimental reactor is the same, and reactor core is placed in the bottom in the big volume pond of normal pressure, at once turns reactor after shutdown under the conditions of any
Safe nuclear fuel element storage pool is turned to, a large amount of dehydrations of reactor system is eliminated naturally and reactor core melts the risk ruined.
In the design of pool low temperature heap district heating atomic power plant, since heat transfer system and heat transmission equipment being all optimized, using plate-type heat-exchange
Device realizes the heat exchange under small Temperature-pressure Conditions, under the premise of meeting large size city heat supply network heating parameter requirement, pool low temperature supplying
The thermal parameter of thermal reactor primary Ioops is reduced to low temperature, normal pressure, thus in its each safe cooling system, has ready conditions to take and appoint
What mandatory artificial measure, not depending on automatic control system, active equipment and artificial intervention etc. completely, these include necessarily error
The factor of probability, you can all by the effect of natural cause, to ensure the safety of district heating atomic power plant, and the sheet of effect of natural environment
Matter feature is that beyond the question, without probability of failure, so can actually exclude major accident risk, need not formulate surrounding
Emergency evacuation plan of the resident under severe accident conditions, can really exclude worry of the public to nuclear safety, formed it is most safe,
Most simple and reliable and most economical low temperature heating reactor.This pool experimental reactor some for being distributed in countries in the world is just built in city
Within area, some is built in Border Districts of A City at the beginning, but later with the expansion in original city be also enclosed in city it
In, the safety accident of any influence ambient enviroment can never occur, also do not discharge any pollutant in the process of running, with tired
The safe operation record in the product year of heap more than 10,000, it was demonstrated that it is preferably city that pool type reactor district heating atomic power plant can become in urban area
The clean energy resource of city's central heating service.
Fig. 1 is the schematic layout diagram of prior art swimming pool formula low temperature heating reactor primary Ioops equipment, and reactor-loop is set
It is standby to use separated type arrangement, main heat exchanger 5 and main circulation pump 4 are arranged in except the swimmer's pool 9 of the big volume of normal pressure.From figure
As can be seen that low temperature heating reactor is arranged in the bottom of swimmer's pool in 1,14 lower end of heap shell is open architecture, thus water enters heap
Core 1, after being heated through outlet conduit 2 enter decaying cylinder 3, subsequently into pond outside main heat exchanger 5, heap water release heat after again by
Main circulation pump 4 sends swimmer's pool 9 back to through primary Ioops water return pipeline 7, by water.
Since main heat exchanger can only use conventional plate heat exchanger, the sealing rubber between every two plate before more than 30 years
Adhesive tape needs to regularly replace, so primary Ioops equipment uses the arrangement of separated type, main heat exchanger 5 is arranged in swimmer's pool 9
Except, and since sealing rubber strip Radiation hardness is low, so heap water will make before entering main heat exchanger 5 through overdamping cylinder 3
Main heat exchanger 5 is entered back into after being postponed tens seconds by the water that reactor core 1 activates.
The depth of normal pressure swimmer's pool 9 is excessive, in addition to increasing expenditure of construction, also for the operation of process heat reactor bring it is certain not
Just, in order to complete the loading and unloading process of reactor core, water need to be drained to half, expose workbench 11, followed by loading and unloading
Machine carries out the loading and unloading process of reactor core.In addition, the control rod drive mechanism 10 above process heat reactor to control rod top about
20 meters of distance needs to be coupled by the steel wire rope 12 in casing, this is swimming pool formula low temperature heating reactor and PWR of Nuclear Power Station
Compare with pool experiment pile structure and mainly have difference, whether can therefore and the delay of rod drop time be caused in emergency shut-down
Also merit attention.
Prior art swimming pool formula low temperature heating reactor uses the purpose of swimmer's pool, is to increase reactor core and one time by hydrostatic
The pressure of each point in road is avoided with improving the degree of supercooling of heap water and thermal technology's safe margin of reactor core in reactor-loop and pond
The phase transformation of water occurs for each point in water, ensures to realize stable operating condition.But on the one hand increase pressure in heap using hydrostatic
Be one it is inefficient can measure because pond depth often increases by 10 meters, the water in reactor core 1 can only just increase an atmospheric pressure, but from
Engineering actuality considers, because control rod drive mechanism 10 is located at pond top, and reactor core 1 is located at bottom of pond, reactor core control rod with
Couple by long steel wire rope between its transmission mechanism, the practical depth of water should not be excessively huge, so it is heap to rely solely on pond depth
Core and primary Ioops its efficiency of pressurizeing are limited；On the other hand the primary Ioops equipment cloth of prior art swimming pool formula low temperature heating reactor is pressed
Scheme is set, main circulation pump 4 is arranged in the end of primary Ioops, the method for operation of drawing-in type is formed, after main circulation pump 4 puts into operation
The pressure of each point will decline in reactor core 1 and primary Ioops, and fall is to be counted from the point, and the first day of the lunar month is to reactor core on streamwise
The sum of whole fluid resistance loss of entrance, this has largely unnecessarily consumed the effect of deep water static pressure.
Present inventor has found that main circulation pump 4 due to being placed in by prior art swimming pool formula low temperature heating reactor using this
The separated type arrangement of primary Ioops end, directly results in following two disadvantages：
A. the H-Max of main circulation pump is restricted
The outlet of main circulation pump 4 is connected with swimmer's pool 9, outlet pressure be equal to water pump position hydrostatic, and its
Inlet pressure is to avoid leaking into air cannot be below atmospheric pressure, so the H-Max of main circulation pump 4 is no more than major cycle
Pump the hydrostatic of position.From engineering physical condition, the depth of water of 4 or more main circulation pump can only have more than ten meters, and water is quiet
Pressure is equivalent to much air pressure, and the lift of circulating pump is equal to reactor core 1, decaying cylinder 3, main heat exchanger 5 and each duct coupling etc.
The sum of whole primary Ioops equipment flow resistances, thus in reactor core and main heat exchanger, lower water velocity can only be selected, it reduces
The heat conductive efficiencies of these equipment.
B. core exit water temperature is improved to be restricted
The top of the cylinder 3 from figure 1 it appears that hot water stream with core exit water temperature up to decays, but react
After shut-down system normal operation input, the actual pressure of this point is the flow resistance that the hydrostatic reduces reactor core 1 and cylinder 3 of decaying,
Atmospheric pressure is actually had been approached, so both making the depth of water using 24 meters, core exit water temperature also is difficult to more than 100 DEG C.
To sum up, the two above-mentioned disadvantages show although prior art swimming pool formula low temperature heating reactor uses swimmer's pool, bear
Thus technology caused by is inconvenient, but since primary Ioops equipment arrangement principle is incomplete, unnecessarily consumes most of water
Static pressure does not obtain the expection good effect for increasing pond depth, therefore prior art swimming pool formula low-temperature heat supply actually completely
The design of heap also has prodigious room for improvement.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of shallow pool nuclear energy low-temperature heat supply stack device and its operation methods, existing to solve
The safety of some swimming pool formula low temperature heating reactors and the undesirable technical problem still to be improved of economy.
The present invention provides a kind of shallow pool nuclear energy low-temperature heat supply stack device, including：On-swimmer's pool is provided in the on-swimmer's pool
Main heat exchanger in major cycle water pump and pond in pond；Major cycle water pump is placed in the head end of primary Ioops in the pond, and main in the pond
The entrance of water circulating pump is communicated with the on-swimmer's pool, and the outlet of major cycle water pump and the entrance of reactor core are connected in the pond；It is described
The primary Ioops water inlet of the outlet and main heat exchanger lower end in the pond of reactor core is linked.
When practical application, main heat exchanger is disposed vertically in the on-swimmer's pool in the pond, main heat exchanger in the pond
Primary Ioops water out above, and is communicated with the water of the on-swimmer's pool.
Wherein, in the pond main heat exchanger use all-metal type plate heat exchanger.
Specifically, major cycle water pump uses mixed-flow pump or deep well pump in the pond；The outlet of major cycle water pump in the pond
It is connected by reactor entrance pipeline and the entrance of the reactor core, and the reactor entrance pipeline is close to the one of closed heap shell
End is equipped with check valve；The primary Ioops water inlet phase that the outlet of the reactor core passes through outlet conduit and main heat exchanger lower end in the pond
It is coupled.
Further, the depth of the on-swimmer's pool is between 8 meters to 20 meters.
Further, main heat exchanger is also communicated with intermediate loop in the pond, and the intermediate loop is returned in reactor one
It is arranged between road and heat supply network, and the operating pressure of the intermediate loop is higher than the work of the reactor-loop and the heat supply network
Pressure；The intermediate loop is connected to by heat supply network heat exchanger with heat supply network water supply line, and the intermediate loop is equipped with intermediate return
Road water circulating pump, the heat supply network water supply line are equipped with circulation pump of heat-supply network；Major cycle water pump, the intermediate loop in the pond
Water circulating pump and the circulation pump of heat-supply network respectively use double-speed motor to drive.
Compared with the existing technology, shallow pool nuclear energy low-temperature heat supply stack device of the present invention has the advantage that：
In shallow pool nuclear energy low-temperature heat supply stack device provided by the invention, including：On-swimmer's pool is provided with pond in the on-swimmer's pool
Main heat exchanger in interior major cycle water pump and pond；Specifically, major cycle water pump is placed in the head ends of primary Ioops, and major cycle in pond in pond
The entrance of water pump is communicated with on-swimmer's pool, and the outlet of major cycle water pump and the entrance of reactor core are connected in pond；Further, reactor core goes out
Mouth and the primary Ioops water inlet of main heat exchanger lower end in pond are linked.From this analysis, shallow pool nuclear energy provided by the invention
In low-temperature heat supply stack device, due to using main heat exchanger in major cycle water pump in full immersed type pond and pond, realizing process heat reactor primary Ioops
Integrated arrangement scheme in the pond of equipment, therefore being capable of the possibility that is largely lost of natural elimination reaction heap catalyst carrier；Also, by pond
Interior major cycle water pump is arranged in the head end of reactor-loop, under conditions of on-swimmer's pool (i.e. pond depth minus half), by pond
The pressurization of interior major cycle water pump can also improve pressure, core exit temperature and shallow pond low temperature supplying in reactor core and primary Ioops
The heat-transfer capability of main heat exchanger in the thermal technology's safety margin and reactor core of thermal reactor and pond.
The present invention also provides a kind of operation method of shallow pool nuclear energy low temperature heating reactor, major cycle water pump is set to one in pond
The head end in circuit is embodied as the method for operation of primary Ioops supercharging, makes under power operating states in reactor core and pond in main heat exchanger
Hydraulic pressure be higher than the hydrostatic of its point, supercharging amplitude be that the main heat exchanger in the pond that goes downstream is counted from the point
The sum of each section of flow resistance between outlet increases thermal technology's safety margin of each point in reactor core and primary Ioops with this.
Wherein, in primary Ioops system, in the heap water up to pond with core exit water temperature main heat exchanger lower end
Water inlet, is in 5 meters of the water surface of process heat reactor on-swimmer's pool or less, and heap water continues uplink and starts its heat release temperature-fall period；
Under conditions of shallow water tank depth is 12 meters, core exit water temperature is 110 DEG C, it can ensure each point in primary Ioops Power operation
Water temperature all has enough degree of supercoolings by the pressurization of major cycle water pump in pond, to improve heat transfer safety margin.
Specifically, under normal power service condition, each pump motor is powered by district heating atomic power plant AC power, and each pump is in volume
Determine to run under number of moving part, ensures the heat that reactor core is sent out reaching heat supply network by intermediate loop；Normal shutdown or breakdown
Afterwards, major cycle water pump, intermediate loop water circulating pump and circulation pump of heat-supply network are transferred to stable low speed operating condition in pond,
Ensure that safety sets out residual heat of nuclear core and protects heat supply network from freezing；Or variable-speed operation, make flow and residual heat of nuclear core synchronize decline
Subtract, to save the power supply of reliable source of power, and the automatic transfer reliable source of power when power grid low speed or variable speed electric motors, particularly power failure,
Ensure safe cooling procedure continual to residual heat of nuclear core；In the extreme emergency conditions that normal power supply and reliable source of power all fail
Under, after major cycle water pump is closed down in pond, check valve is opened naturally, and the lower water of temperature of lower is straight by check valve in on-swimmer's pool
It taps into reactor core and sets out residual heat of nuclear core, on-swimmer's pool is returned after releasing heat by main heat exchanger in pond, it is brief, efficient to be formed
The safe cooling duct of primary Ioops Natural Circulation.
The operation method of the shallow pool nuclear energy low temperature heating reactor is opposite with above-mentioned shallow pool nuclear energy low-temperature heat supply stack device
The advantage possessed by the prior art is identical, and details are not described herein.
Description of the drawings
It, below will be to specific in order to illustrate more clearly of the specific embodiment of the invention or technical solution in the prior art
Embodiment or attached drawing needed to be used in the description of the prior art are briefly described, it should be apparent that, in being described below
Attached drawing is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, before not making the creative labor
It puts, other drawings may also be obtained based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is the schematic layout diagram for the swimming pool formula low temperature heating reactor primary Ioops equipment that the prior art provides；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of shallow pool nuclear energy low-temperature heat supply stack device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
In figure：1- reactor cores；2- outlet conduits；3- decaying cylinders；4- main circulation pumps；5- main heat exchangers；7- return pipes
Road；9- swimmer's pools；10- control rod drive mechanisms；11- workbenches；12- steel wire ropes；14- heap shells；15- Spent fuel elements
Storage shelf；16- circulation pump of heat-supply network；17- heat supply network water supply lines；18- heat supply network heat exchangers；19- intermediate loop voltage-stablizers；
20- intermediate loop water circulating pumps；Main heat exchanger in the ponds 104-；Major cycle water pump in the ponds 105-；107- reactor entrance pipes
Road；109- on-swimmer's pools；The shallow pond heap shell head covers of 113-；The closed heap shells of 114-；122- check valves.
Specific implementation mode
Technical scheme of the present invention is clearly and completely described below in conjunction with attached drawing, it is clear that described implementation
Example is a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, ordinary skill
The every other embodiment that personnel are obtained without making creative work, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that term "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical",
The orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as "horizontal", "inner", "outside" be based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely to
Convenient for the description present invention and simplify description, do not indicate or imply the indicated system or element must have a particular orientation,
With specific azimuth configuration and operation, therefore it is not considered as limiting the invention.In addition, term " first ", " second ",
" third " is used for description purposes only, and is not understood to indicate or imply relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " installation ", " phase
Even ", " connection " shall be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be being fixedly connected, may be a detachable connection, or be integrally connected；It can
Can also be electrical connection to be mechanical connection；It can be directly connected, can also indirectly connected through an intermediary, it can be with
It is the connection inside two elements.For the ordinary skill in the art, it can understand that above-mentioned term exists with concrete condition
Concrete meaning in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of shallow pool nuclear energy low-temperature heat supply stack device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in Fig. 2, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of shallow pool nuclear energy low-temperature heat supply stack device, including：On-swimmer's pool
109, main heat exchanger 104 major cycle water pump 105 and pond in is provided in pond in on-swimmer's pool 109；Major cycle water pump 105 is placed in pond
The head end of primary Ioops, and the entrance of major cycle water pump 105 is communicated with on-swimmer's pool 109 in pond, in pond the outlet of major cycle water pump 105
It is connected with the entrance of reactor core 1；The primary Ioops water inlet of 104 lower end of main heat exchanger is linked in the outlet and pond of reactor core 1.
Compared with the existing technology, the shallow pool nuclear energy low-temperature heat supply stack device described in the embodiment of the present invention has following excellent
Gesture：
In shallow pool nuclear energy low-temperature heat supply stack device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Fig. 2, including：On-swimmer's pool
109, main heat exchanger 104 major cycle water pump 105 and pond in is provided in pond in the on-swimmer's pool 109；Specifically, major cycle water in pond
Pump 105 is placed in the head end of primary Ioops, and the entrance of major cycle water pump 105 is communicated with on-swimmer's pool 109 in pond, major cycle water pump in pond
105 outlet and the entrance of reactor core 1 are connected；Further, in the outlet and pond of reactor core 1 104 lower end of main heat exchanger primary Ioops
Water inlet is linked.From this analysis, in shallow pool nuclear energy low-temperature heat supply stack device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, due to adopting
With main heat exchanger 104 in major cycle water pump 105 in full immersed type pond and pond, integrated cloth in the pond of process heat reactor primary Ioops equipment is realized
Set scheme, therefore being capable of the possibility that is largely lost of natural elimination reaction heap catalyst carrier；Also, by 105 cloth of major cycle water pump in pond
It is placed in the head end of reactor-loop, under conditions of on-swimmer's pool 109 (i.e. pond depth minus half), by major cycle water pump in pond
105 pressurization can also improve pressure, the heat of core exit temperature and shallow pond low temperature heating reactor in reactor core and primary Ioops
The heat-transfer capability of main heat exchanger 104 in work safety margin and reactor core 1 and pond.
When practical application, as shown in Fig. 2, main heat exchanger 104 is disposed vertically in on-swimmer's pool 109 in above-mentioned pond, it is main in pond
The primary Ioops water out of heat exchanger 104 above, and is communicated with the water of on-swimmer's pool 109.
Wherein, the plate heat exchanger of all-metal type, and the plate of the all-metal type may be used in main heat exchanger 104 in above-mentioned pond
Formula heat exchanger can be to weld entirely or be micro-channel type plate heat exchanger.
Specifically, as shown in Fig. 2, in above-mentioned pond the outlet of major cycle water pump 105 pass through reactor entrance pipeline 107 and heap
The entrance of core 1 is connected, and reactor entrance pipeline 107 is equipped with check valve 122 close to one end of closed heap shell 114；Above-mentioned heap
The outlet of core 1 is linked by outlet conduit 2 and the primary Ioops water inlet of 104 lower end of main heat exchanger in pond.
Further, in shallow pool nuclear energy low-temperature heat supply stack device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, above-mentioned on-swimmer's pool 109
Depth can be kept to 8-20 meters by 24 meters of prior art swimming pool heap.
Further, as shown in Fig. 2, main heat exchanger 104 is also communicated with intermediate loop in above-mentioned pond, which exists
It is arranged between reactor-loop and heat supply network, and the operating pressure of intermediate loop is higher than the work pressure of reactor-loop and heat supply network
Power；When practical set, during intermediate loop is connected to by heat supply network heat exchanger 18 with heat supply network water supply line 17, and intermediate loop is equipped with
Between circuit cycle water pump 20, heat supply network water supply line 17 be equipped with circulation pump of heat-supply network 16.In addition, major cycle water pump in above-mentioned pond
105, double-speed motor driving can be respectively adopted in intermediate loop water circulating pump 20 and circulation pump of heat-supply network 16, and low speed supplies
The electric uninterrupted reliable source of power that can transfer immediately when necessary.
Still further, as shown in Fig. 2, being also provided with intermediate loop voltage-stablizer 19 in above-mentioned intermediate loop.
The embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of operation method of shallow pool nuclear energy low temperature heating reactor, in conjunction with shown in Fig. 2, in pond
Major cycle water pump 105 is set to the head end of primary Ioops, is embodied as the method for operation of primary Ioops supercharging, makes under power operating states
Reactor core 1 is higher than the hydrostatic of its point with the hydraulic pressure in main heat exchanger 104 in pond, and supercharging amplitude is to count fair current from the point
And lower the sum of each section of flow resistance between the outlet of main heat exchanger 104 in pond, increased with this each in reactor core and primary Ioops
Thermal technology's safety margin of point, while breaking the limitation of 4 H-Max of prior art swimming pool formula low temperature heating reactor main circulation pump, allow
Reactor core 1 and main heat exchanger 5 have the flow resistance of bigger, to improve water flow velocity, enhance the heat-transfer capability of the two.
Wherein, in primary Ioops system, 104 lower end of main heat exchanger in the heap water up to pond with core exit water temperature
A water inlet, in process heat reactor on-swimmer's pool water surface below 5 meters, heap water continue uplink start its heat release temperature-fall period；
Under conditions of 109 depth of on-swimmer's pool is 12 meters, core exit water temperature is 110 DEG C, it can ensure in primary Ioops Power operation
The water temperature of each point all has enough degree of supercoolings by the pressurization of major cycle water pump 105 in pond, abundant to improve heat transfer safety
Degree.Also, both made unexpected shutdown termination of pumping, any position in primary Ioops under Operation at full power state that water will not occur
Phase transformation can remain operational the steady excessive of operating mode.
In addition, shallow pond heap inside enclosed heap shell 114 is placed in the bottom of on-swimmer's pool 109, when carrying out reactor core loading and unloading, remove
Control rod drive mechanism 10 opens shallow pond heap shell head cover 113, and the same fuel manipulator crane is shared in pond and in heap, you can combustion
Material element is drawn off out of reactor core 1, is transferred to the Spent fuel elements storage shelf 15 in pond, in the overall process of discharging, can be protected
The water layer for more than card Spent fuel elements possessing 3 meters or more always, provides enough shielding protection abilities, makes the full mistake of reactor core loading and unloading
Journey all carries out under visual surveillance requirements, and complete in the on-swimmer's pool 109 all with the relevant various operations of fuel handling,
With the auxiliary system and equipment of the shallow pool low temperature heap district heating atomic power plant of simplification.
Specifically, under normal power service condition, each pump motor is powered by district heating atomic power plant AC power, and each pump is in volume
Determine to run under number of moving part, ensures the heat that reactor core 1 is sent out reaching heat supply network by intermediate loop；Normal shutdown or breakdown
Afterwards, major cycle water pump 105, intermediate loop water circulating pump 20 and circulation pump of heat-supply network 16 are transferred to stable low speed fortune in pond
Row operating mode ensures that safety sets out residual heat of nuclear core and protects heat supply network from freezing；Or variable-speed operation, make flow and residual heat of nuclear core
Synchronous fading, to save the power supply of reliable source of power, and automatic transfer can when power grid low speed or variable speed electric motors, particularly power failure
By power supply, ensure safe cooling procedure continual to residual heat of nuclear core；In the extreme thing that normal power supply and reliable source of power all fail
Under the conditions of therefore, after major cycle water pump 105 is closed down in pond, check valve 122 is opened naturally, and temperature of lower is lower in on-swimmer's pool 109
Water is directly entered reactor core 1 by check valve 122 and sets out residual heat of nuclear core, is returned after releasing heat by main heat exchanger in pond 104
On-swimmer's pool 109 is returned, to form brief, the efficient safe cooling duct of primary Ioops Natural Circulation.
In addition, the water thermal capacitance of on-swimmer's pool 109 can receive the residual heat of nuclear core of dozens of days, as long as after shutdown one day more than reactor core
Heat level is to be down to the 0.2-0.3% of rated power, by the huge thermal capacitance and on-swimmer's pool 109 of water to the heat of surrounding earth
Conduction, you can to ensure the safe cooling capacity of the residual heat of nuclear core of without time limit.Both made, just in case needing the moisturizing into pond, to be located at one
Ground elevation normal pressure pond below send water that any practical difficulty will not occur, so shallow pool low temperature heating reactor relies only on certainly
The effect of right factor, you can to complete the function of its whole safe cooling system, and the substantive characteristics of effect of natural environment is
Beyond the question, without probability of failure, thus actually ensure to the property of can determine that exclusion is largely lost and reactor core by primary Ioops water
Melt and ruins caused major accident risk.
Shallow pool nuclear energy low-temperature heat supply stack device and its operation method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, based on modern heat pump
The remote transmission technology of formula low temperature heat energy is the shallow pool low temperature heap district heating atomic power plant of concentrated supply of heating in the city service, makes normal pressure pool
Heap disclosure satisfy that the heating demand of city large size heat supply network, major cycle water pump 105 in pond is placed in primary Ioops head end, after putting into operation
It is pressurized for main heat exchanger 104 in reactor core 1 and pond, using all-metal type heat exchanger, realizes the primary Ioops equipment in on-swimmer's pool 109
Integrated configuration excludes reactor core and melts to ruin the major accident risk that He Duishui is largely lost etc. naturally.Its result and existing swimming pool formula
Low temperature heap is compared, and in pond under conditions of depth minus half, core exit water temperature and heat transfer safety margin, seed core also can be improved
1 and primary Ioops pond in main heat exchanger 104 heat-transfer capability, the system of the structure and district heating atomic power plant that simplify shallow pool low temperature heap sets
Standby, the safety to further increase low-temperature nuclear heat has established necessary technical foundation with economy.
Specific embodiment one：
As shown in Fig. 2, axial-flow pump or deep well pump may be used (when using deep-well in major cycle water pump 105 in the pond of primary Ioops
When pump, the setting of check valve 122 can be removed), it is arranged in 2 meters of normal pressure big volumetric water pool inner water face or less, to ensure pump intake
Cavitation does not occur for place, and flow is directly sent to reactor entrance pipeline 107 after axial-flow pump pressurizes, and passes through closed heap
The bottom of shell 114 is directly entered reactor core 1, by the outlet conduit 2 of reactor after the heating of reactor core 1, into pond in main heat exchanger
Water inlet of 104 lower ends, flows then up, is returned directly to by the upper end of main heat exchanger in pond 104 after releasing heat
On-swimmer's pool 109.
Since major cycle water pump 105 is located at the head end of reactor-loop in pond, reactor core 1 and primary Ioops are each after putting into operation
Hydraulic pressure in point is risen, and supercharging amplitude is equal to be counted by the point, and main heat exchanger 104 exports in streamwise to pond
Between the sum of each section of flow resistance.Main circulation pump 4 is placed in reactor-loop end with prior art swimming pool formula low temperature heating reactor
The scheme at end is compared, and every actual hydraulic pressure increment is equal to the lift of major cycle water pump 105 in pond in reactor core 1 and primary Ioops,
And the lift of major cycle water pump 105 does not have the upper limit in the pond of shallow pool nuclear energy low temperature heating reactor provided in an embodiment of the present invention,
Can according to heat transfer system parameter optimization need improve water flow velocity, the heat transfer effect of main heat exchanger 104 in seed core 1 and pond
Energy.If the lift of major cycle water pump 105 is 3-5 atmospheric pressure in pond, pressure effect is to be equal to having hydrostatic
The lift for being further added by 30-50 meters of pond depth on basis, therefore efficiently using major cycle water pump 105 in pond is 1 He of reactor core
Primary Ioops pressurize, and are to utilize the more efficiently pressurized measure of hydrostatic than simple.
Table 1 is shallow pool nuclear energy low-temperature heat supply stack device provided in an embodiment of the present invention and prior art swimming pool formula low temperature heap
The comparison sheet of the main thermal parameter of district heating atomic power plant, as shown in table 1 below, in the design of shallow pool low temperature heating reactor, water intaking pond is deep
Degree is 12 meters, and core exit water temperature is 110 DEG C (swimming pool heap core exit water temperature is 98 DEG C), and core exit high-temperature water is along reactor
Outlet conduit 2 rise to a water inlet of the lower end of main heat exchanger 104 in pond, possess 5 meters of depth of waters here, heap water continues up
Flowing, and heat release cools down in flow process, is then back to on-swimmer's pool 109 by the outlet of 104 upper end of main heat exchanger in pond.
Under normal running (operation) conditions, each point has enough mistakes by the pressurization of major cycle water pump 105 in pond in reactor core 1 and primary Ioops
Cold degree improves thermal technology's safety margin.Also, both made unexpected shutdown termination of pumping under the conditions of Operation at full power, it is each in primary Ioops
Point will not be undergone phase transition, and can ensure the smooth transition of operating condition.
From table 1 it follows that the temperature difference of water is 70 DEG C in shallow each circuit of pond heap district heating atomic power plant, and swimming pool heap is 30
DEG C, in thermal power and heat-transfer equipment pattern, flow is inversely proportional with the temperature difference under the same conditions, and the power consumption of circulating pump and flow
It is cube directly proportional, therefore the flow in each circuit of shallow pond heap nuclear energy heating plant is less than the half of swimming pool heap, and the energy consumption of water circulating pump
Then it is equivalent to 1/8th or so of swimming pool heap.
The thermal parameter comparison sheet of 1. shallow pool of table and swimming pool formula low temperature heap district heating atomic power plant
| Parameter | Unit | Shallow pool low-temperature heat supply | Swimming pool formula low temperature heating reactor |
| Heat output of reactor | MWt | 400 | 400 |
| The big volumetric water tank depth of normal pressure | Rice | 12 | 24 |
| Pool diameter | Rice | 12 | 10 |
| Core exit/inlet water temperature | ℃ | 110/40 | 98/68 |
| Intermediate loop outlet/inlet water temperature | ℃ | 105/35 | 93.5/63.5 |
| Heat supply network water supply/return water temperature | ℃ | 100/30 | 90/60 |
Welding or micro-channel type plate heat exchanger of the main heat exchanger 104 using all-metal type in pond, heat exchanging part are whole
Body metal parts, water enter heat exchanging part by lower end, after releasing heat by numerous small size runners being mutually parallel, by going out
Mouth is discharged into normal pressure on-swimmer's pool 109 upwards.Main heat exchanger 104 is dipped in water entirely in pond, does not need the entrance header of water, than
The plate heat exchanger structure of existing universal full welding or micro-channel type is more simple.Main heat exchanger 104 is whole gold in pond
Metal elements, radiation resistance, it is no longer necessary to the large volume heap water fade cylinder 3 in prior art swimming pool formula low temperature heating reactor.All-metal type
Plate heat exchanger heat conductive efficiency is high, and small, manufacturing cost is low, need not frequently repair monitoring, is suitable for doing shallow pool low
Main heat exchanger 104 in the full leaching type pond of warm process heat reactor.
Due to main heat exchanger 104 in major cycle water pump 105 in use pond and pond, in the pond for realizing whole primary Ioops equipment
Integrated arrangement scheme simplifies structure and system equipment in pond, and has prevented the possibility that reactor-loop water is largely lost
Property, natural cause is relied only on to ensure the safety of shallow pool low temperature heating reactor.It all breaks down in normal power supply and reliable source of power
Extreme emergency conditions under, check valve 122 is opened naturally after major cycle water pump 105 is closed down in pond, temperature of lower in on-swimmer's pool 109
Lower water is directly entered by check valve 122 after reactor core 1 sets out residual heat of nuclear core, and heat is released by main heat exchanger in pond 104
On-swimmer's pool 109 is returned directly to after amount, forms the most brief, efficient primary Ioops natural circulation cooling channel.After shutdown one day
Residual heat of nuclear core level is reduced to the 0.2-0.3% of rated power, by the huge thermal capacitance and on-swimmer's pool 109 of water to big around
The heat transfer on ground, you can to ensure the safe cooling capacity of the residual heat of nuclear core of without time limit.Also, contingency was both made to need to mend into pond
Water send water that will not generate any practical difficulty, so shallow pool low temperature to one positioned at ground elevation on-swimmer's pool 109 below
The effect that process heat reactor relies only on natural cause can complete its all safe refrigerating function.The characteristics of effect of natural environment is
It determines errorless, does not include probability of failure, therefore can actually exclude major accident risk, it is no longer necessary to formulate under emergency conditions
The plan for carrying out surrounding resident and enterprise emergency escape helps really to exclude worry of the media with the public to nuclear safety.
As shown in Fig. 2, shallow 113 position of pond heap shell head cover is moved down, make upper flange end face and the reactor core of closed heap shell 114
The distance of 1 upper end reduce to 1 meter hereinafter, thus carry out reactor core 1 loading, unloading material or batch turning operate when, removing control rod driver
After structure 10 and shallow pond heap shell head cover 113, Spent fuel elements can be taken out with the same loading and unloading mechanism from reactor core 1, is keeping firing
It is blue that heap shell process is translated across under material component plumbness, is then directly placed into the Spent fuel elements storage shelf 15 of basin bottom.Shallow
Always there is the depth of water not less than 3 meters in Spent fuel elements translation motion in pond 109, more than element, it is enough to ensure that water layer has
Shielding protection ability, so that all operationss process is all carried out under direct visual surveillance requirements.Also, the Spent fuel elements storage in pond
Depositing frame 15 has sufficiently large capacity, can store Spent fuel elements for many years, and the long-distance transportation for reducing radioactive fuel element is negative
Load.
For fast-developing low-temperature nuclear heat, the fuel assembly of shallow Chi Dui, core structure, control rod and its driver
The components and equipment directly related with nuclear technology such as structure, closed heap shell and shallow pond heap shell head cover, can directly utilize nuclear power
A full set of successful experience and the industrial foundations such as the established design of presurized water reactor industry of standing, device fabrication and operational management, but and nuclear power station
Presurized water reactor is compared, and shallow pool low temperature heating reactor eliminates out-pile Spent fuel elements storage pool and its nuclear safe level element waste heat cooling system
Sealed gate, the out-pile fuel handling of system, fuel element transport channel and its both ends between storage pool and reactor
The system equipment of the system equipments such as material machine, district heating atomic power plant is significantly simplified, and the relevant operation of all and fuel element is made to live
It is completed within the dynamic on-swimmer's pool 109 for concentrating on a normal pressure.
By the equipments layout scheme of shallow pool low temperature heating reactor, main heat exchanger 104 in reactor core 1 and pond is allowed to have larger stream
Dynamic resistance, if augmentation of heat transfer needs, can be incited somebody to action so as to improving the water flow velocity in reactor core 1 and pond in main heat exchanger 104 to strengthen heat release
Main heat exchanger 104 is connected in two or more ponds, is improved its heat conductive efficiency by increasing flow velocity, is reduced heat exchanger
Investment, since main heat exchanger 104 is one of pool type heating reactor major investment items, the equipments layout scheme of shallow Chi Dui in pond
Contribute to the cost at reduction nuclear heating station.
Major cycle water pump 105, intermediate loop water circulating pump 20 and circulation pump of heat-supply network 16 are adopted in reactor-loop pond
It is driven with double speed or variable speed electric motors, particularly, the heat for sending out reactor core 1 is ensured with nominal operation revolution under normal power service condition
Incoming heat supply network sets out residual heat of nuclear core after shutdown with slow-speed of revolution guarantee.Slow speed can be fixed revolution, can be setting out shutdown
Initial core waste heat afterwards, or using revolution is become, make water flow and reactor core residual heating synchronous fading, to reduce to the maximum extent
Energy consumption.It consumes energy when the slow-speed of revolution small, can switch to be powered by uninterrupted reliable source of power when necessary at any time, take into account and complete residual heat of nuclear core safety
Cooling and antifreeze these of heat supply network are impermissible for make a fault two big functions.
The principle for keeping reactor core average temperature constant may be used in core power control, and such core power can rely on
The inner link of reactor core reactivity negative-feedback, follows outer load variations automatically, in certain power bracket, on console not
It needs to carry out any operation.Heat supply network load variations are slow, per only steady lifting is primary round the clock, and it is predictable, therefore the control of process heat reactor
System is simple steady, is suitble to promote and apply as civilian projects.
When realizing that the thermal energy between district heating atomic power plant and user transmits using heat pump techniques, heat supply network transmits heat at a distance
It is 130/20 DEG C for, return water temperature, is in the small flow status of the big temperature difference, water delivery power consumption can be reduced.With this condition, in district heating atomic power plant
What heat transfers at different levels used is all plate heat exchanger, and heat conductive efficiency is high, and each heat exchanger both ends keep 5 DEG C of temperature end differences can be real
Existing economic small temperature difference heat exchange, such reactor-loop and intermediate loop entry and exit can obtain 70 DEG C of the temperature difference, at double
Ground reduces the water flow and water delivery power consumption in each circuit, reduces the operating cost of district heating atomic power plant.
Herein it should be added that, demand urgent user of the vast northern area in China to nuclear heating at present
It is widely distributed, huge amount, and district heating atomic power plant is the nuclear heating device being built within the area that is densely populated, addressing, design
Construction, operational management supervision, staff training and the processes such as retired all must in strict accordance with country newly by nuclear safety method carry out,
Professional extremely strong, for users, the threshold into this field is excessively high.In order to enable core heat supply smoothly, quickly to send out
Exhibition needs the core heat supply company for setting up franchise, contacts and links up local user (demander) and nuclear engineering undertakes the construction of and operation management list
The work of position (supplier) both sides, is completely or partially invested by demander, is responsible for construction and operation management, the offer place security personnel of heat supply network
With logistics service etc., the nuclear equipment of the design of district heating atomic power plant with construction, operation and fuel management and in the future is responsible for by supplier
Retired service etc..After being built up due to district heating atomic power plant, stand in the operation that needs and management profrssion personnel amount it is seldom, therefore this is right
Supplier will not cause too big burden, but it, across nuclear threshold, is fast-developing core that can make vast concentrated supply of heating in the city user easily
It can the most safe measure of central heating cause.
Design, construction and operation management of shallow pond process heat reactor etc. are all tested using PWR of Nuclear Power Station and pool
The successful experience for the comprehensive science and technology and industrial foundation and acquisition that heap has been formed, although PWR of Nuclear Power Station is for more than process heat reactor
High temperature and pressure and design, but in order to steadily start core heating project early, some would rather waste one's talent on a petty job, unless there are
Full assurance wouldn't be suitable for and do other simplification improvement.It is worth to do so, since the thermal efficiency of pressurized-water reactor nuclear power plant is less than combustion
Coal fire power station, and the thermal efficiency of district heating atomic power plant is far above heating boiler, therefore the effect of coal saving of Same Efficieney core heat supply is higher than core
Electricity, and the coal saved is burnt and low-altitude discharged combustion product on the spot in city, thus is to cause environmental pollution maximum
That a part.China's nuclear power developing not yet breaks away from low speed and hovers the phase at present, can manufacture 8 set million kilowatt pressure water every year
The production capacity of reactor of nuclear power plant device is not in full use, this just provides perfect opportunity for fast-developing core heat supply.
Low temperature heap 1 year heating duration of district heating atomic power plant is typically not greater than six months, therefore how to solve the problems, such as spare time half a year
It merits attention.Development low temperature heap cogeneration is not probably a rational orientation, since cogeneration to be realized just must appropriateness
The temperature and pressure of reactor-loop is improved, thus keeps its security feature more close to nuclear power station, and nuclear power station does not have still so far
There is the precedent built in city, moreover due to the nuclear energy thermoelectric combined supply apparatus specific investment of middle low power generating efficiency greatly
It is low, there is its regional electricity price that power grid covers not have economic competition ability with other energy, while summer is hair in city
Electricity and to discharge the environmental thermal pollution effect caused by a large amount of low temperature heat energy be also very important.
Cryogenic refrigeration and sea water desalination can be the beneficial options of pool low temperature heating reactor multiple use.Utilize low-temperature heat supply
The thermal energy and lithium bromide absorption chiller system that heap provides produce water at low temperature, and huge numbers of families are sent by heat supply in winter pipeline, it is possible to reduce
Air conditioner refrigerating demand reduces summer peak of power consumption load.Carry out the structural wood that multi-stage evaporator is done in sea water desalination using aluminium alloy
Material, advantageously reduces fresh water production cost, provides a large amount of drinkable water, or blends with the fresh water produced using more economical method mixed
Water-supply systems are sent into after conjunction.The required heat source temperature of both purposes is no more than 100 DEG C, so shallow pool low temperature supplying
Thermal reactor just disclosure satisfy that the requirement of this two comprehensive utilizations.
The design concept of shallow pool low temperature heating reactor is clear, all based on existing mature technology, has similar heap-type in city
The extensive operating experience in city area can be quickly by examination and approval procedures, widely to develop city in time after being expounded through peer review
City's nuclear energy centralized heat and edible fresh water production establish necessary technical foundation.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
With within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention god.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of shallow pool nuclear energy low-temperature heat supply stack device, which is characterized in that including：On-swimmer's pool is provided in the on-swimmer's pool
Main heat exchanger in major cycle water pump and pond in pond；
Major cycle water pump is placed in the head end of primary Ioops, and the entrance of major cycle water pump and the on-swimmer's pool in the pond in the pond
It communicates, the outlet of major cycle water pump and the entrance of reactor core are connected in the pond；The outlet of the reactor core and main heat exchange in the pond
The primary Ioops water inlet of device lower end is linked.
2. shallow pool nuclear energy low-temperature heat supply stack device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that main heat exchanger in the pond
Be disposed vertically in the on-swimmer's pool, in the pond primary Ioops water out of main heat exchanger above, and with the on-swimmer's pool
Water communicates.
3. shallow pool nuclear energy low-temperature heat supply stack device according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that master changes in the pond
Hot device uses the plate heat exchanger of all-metal type.
4. shallow pool nuclear energy low-temperature heat supply stack device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that major cycle water in the pond
The outlet of pump is connected by reactor entrance pipeline and the entrance of the reactor core, and the reactor entrance pipeline is close to closed
One end of heap shell is equipped with check valve；
The outlet of the reactor core is linked by outlet conduit and the primary Ioops water inlet of main heat exchanger lower end in the pond.
5. shallow pool nuclear energy low-temperature heat supply stack device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the depth of the on-swimmer's pool
Between 8 meters to 20 meters.
6. shallow pool nuclear energy low-temperature heat supply stack device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that main heat exchanger in the pond
It is also communicated with intermediate loop, the intermediate loop is arranged between reactor-loop and heat supply network, and the work of the intermediate loop
Make the operating pressure that pressure is higher than the reactor-loop and the heat supply network；
The intermediate loop is connected to by heat supply network heat exchanger with heat supply network water supply line, and the intermediate loop is equipped with intermediate loop
Water circulating pump, the heat supply network water supply line are equipped with circulation pump of heat-supply network；
Major cycle water pump, the intermediate loop water circulating pump and the circulation pump of heat-supply network respectively use double in the pond
Speed motor drives.
7. a kind of operation method of shallow pool nuclear energy low temperature heating reactor, which is characterized in that major cycle water pump is set to one time in pond
The head end on road is embodied as the method for operation of primary Ioops supercharging, makes under power operating states in reactor core and pond in main heat exchanger
Hydraulic pressure is higher than the hydrostatic of its point, and supercharging amplitude be that going out in the pond main heat exchanger of going downstream is counted from the point
The sum of each section of flow resistance, increases thermal technology's safety margin of each point in reactor core and primary Ioops with this between mouthful.
8. the operation method of shallow pool nuclear energy low temperature heating reactor according to claim 7, which is characterized in that in primary Ioops system
In system, a water inlet of main heat exchanger lower end in the heap water up to pond with core exit water temperature is shallow in process heat reactor
5 meters below the water surface in pond, heap water continues uplink and starts its heat release temperature-fall period；
Under conditions of shallow water tank depth is 12 meters, core exit water temperature is 110 DEG C, it can ensure in primary Ioops Power operation
The water temperature of each point all has enough degree of supercoolings by the pressurization of major cycle water pump in pond, to improve heat transfer safety margin.
9. the operation method of shallow pool nuclear energy low temperature heating reactor according to claim 7 or 8, which is characterized in that normal
Under the conditions of Power operation, each pump motor is powered by district heating atomic power plant AC power, and each pump is run under nominal operation revolution, is ensured
The heat that reactor core is sent out is reached into heat supply network by intermediate loop；
After normal shutdown or breakdown, major cycle water pump, intermediate loop water circulating pump and circulation pump of heat-supply network turn in pond
Enter stable low speed operating condition, ensures that safety sets out residual heat of nuclear core and protects heat supply network from freezing；Or variable-speed operation, make
Flow and residual heat of nuclear core synchronous fading, to save the power supply of reliable source of power, and when event occurs for power grid low speed or variable speed electric motors, particularly power supply
Automatic transfer reliable source of power when barrier ensures safe cooling procedure continual to residual heat of nuclear core；
Under the extreme emergency conditions that normal power supply and reliable source of power all fail, after major cycle water pump is closed down in pond, check valve is certainly
It so opens, the lower water of temperature of lower is directly entered reactor core by check valve and sets out residual heat of nuclear core in on-swimmer's pool, passes through pond
Interior main heat exchanger returns to on-swimmer's pool after releasing heat, to form brief, the efficient safe cooling duct of primary Ioops Natural Circulation.
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| CN109545416A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-03-29 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | A kind of decaying cylinder for Deep Pool Low Temperature Heating Reactor |
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| CN109378089A (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-02-22 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | A kind of in-pile component for swimming pool formula low temperature heating reactor power expansion |
| CN109461506A (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-03-12 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | A kind of swimming pool formula region low temperature heating reactor |
| CN109473194A (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-03-15 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | A kind of decaying cylinder for Deep Pool Low Temperature Heating Reactor |
| CN109461506B (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2023-08-18 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Swimming pool type regional low-temperature heat supply stack |
| CN109473194B (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2024-05-14 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Attenuation tube for deep water tank type low-temperature heat supply stack |
| CN109582047A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-04-05 | 清华大学 | Intermediate loop flow control methods, device and control system |
| CN109582047B (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2021-09-17 | 清华大学 | Intermediate loop flow control method, device and control system |
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| CN111128413B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2022-04-19 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Multipurpose heat pipe reactor system based on thermophotovoltaic power generation |
| CN115497366A (en) * | 2022-09-27 | 2022-12-20 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Science popularization demonstration device and demonstration method for low-temperature pool type nuclear heating reactor |
| CN115497366B (en) * | 2022-09-27 | 2024-03-22 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Science popularization demonstration device and demonstration method for low-temperature pool type nuclear heating reactor |
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