CN108682247A - A kind of copper rod stress demonstrating and quantitative measurment experiment instrument in magnetic field - Google Patents
A kind of copper rod stress demonstrating and quantitative measurment experiment instrument in magnetic field Download PDFInfo
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- CN108682247A CN108682247A CN201810907316.7A CN201810907316A CN108682247A CN 108682247 A CN108682247 A CN 108682247A CN 201810907316 A CN201810907316 A CN 201810907316A CN 108682247 A CN108682247 A CN 108682247A
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- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
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- G09B23/181—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for electricity or magnetism for electric and magnetic fields; for voltages; for currents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/06—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics
- G09B23/18—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for electricity or magnetism
- G09B23/187—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for electricity or magnetism for measuring instruments
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of copper rods in magnetic field stress demonstrating and quantitative measurment experiment instrument, including electric cabinet, experiment instrument pedestal, photoelectric sensor fix longeron, copper rod track supporting rod, correlation photoelectric sensing receiver supporting rod, copper rod guide rail, the big coil of rectangle, energization copper rod and conductive rectangle and are in the light copper foil；Experiment instrument pedestal is made of front and back longeron and the interconnection of left and right crossbeam, and experiment instrument pedestal lower end is equipped with pedestal leveling support leg；Correlation photoelectric sensing receiver left support bar and correlation photoelectric sensing receiver right support bar are individually fixed in the center of the left and right crossbeam of experiment instrument pedestal.The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The present invention uses electric cabinet constant-current source to provide the electric current of variation for coil, to generate changing magnetic field, the size of current of constant-current source can be shown by display screen, the variation of size of current and direction can increase and decrease knob to realize by the constant-current source with specific function for coil with electric current direction and size.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to physical experiments engineering device technique fields, and in particular to a kind of copper rod in magnetic field stress demonstrating with it is fixed
Measurement experiment instrument.
Background technology
In physics teaching in secondary school, electrified wire can be acted in magnetic field by magnetic field force, and this Impact direction is root
Judge according to left hand rule, the size of power is directly proportional to magnetic field intensity, directly proportional to by current in wire, with conductor length at
Direct ratio, you can be indicated with formula F=BIL, which is an extremely important content in middle school teaching, however for
It just steps into for the student in middle school, initial contact to this partial content and sets foot in these concepts, the universal indigestion of student, short
It is even more impossible to flexibly be grasped with comprehensive in time.According to the teaching rule of physics, to allow student to grasp quickly and ripe energy is ripe skilful,
Explanation in addition to teacher to do a large amount of corresponding topics, in fact, very crucial one side, it is desired nonetheless to teacher should by demonstration
Physical phenomenon allows observation of students or demonstration of taking action on one's own to observe, and then deepens the understanding to the concept, veritably recognizes logical
The magnetic field force that electric lead is subject to is really directly proportional to tri- physical quantitys of B, I, L, and judges the direction of electrified wire stress, adopts
The correctness judged with left hand rule.
Just at present, in physics teaching in secondary school, physical experiment apparatus used is several nothing more than, and first, using horse
Horsehoe magnet provides magnetic field, hangs up copper rod using copper wire at copper rod both ends, stress is demonstrated by copper rod pivot angle size
A kind of homemade experimental demonstration instrument of size；Second, energization copper rod is also placed in the magnetic field of horseshoe magnet offer, one
Copper rod is placed on judges one kind of stress size using two copper rods as the speed that on the guide rail of guide rail, observation copper rod is accelerated
Make demonstration test instrument by oneself.It is qualitatively to demonstrate, or can only only change sense of current to make a general survey of these experiment instruments, is existed all
More drawbacks, such as：First, the size in magnetic field and the direction in magnetic field can not be changed, while magnetic field is unable to consecutive variations；Second, it is real
Test guide rail and be commonly fixed width, it is difficult to demonstrate the length for changing energization copper rod, although can change energization copper rod length,
It is highly desirable to be that experiment instrument structure is not, experiment is inaccurate, it is also inconvenient to operate；Third, these experiment instruments are universal only
Qualitative experiment can be demonstrated, quantitative experiment can not be carried out at all, or it is even more impossible to demonstrate multiple quantitative experiments；4th, it can not survey
Measure energization copper rod acceleration of the instantaneous velocity of a certain position and a certain section of motion process in magnetic field；5th, it is unable to measure
The size of hot-wire coil average magnetic field；6th, it can not qualitatively measure what energization copper rod generated on copper rod during the motion
Induced electromotive force size.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is overcoming deficiency in the prior art, provide a kind of copper rod in magnetic field stress demonstrating with it is quantitative
Measurement experiment instrument.
This copper rod stress demonstrating and quantitative measurment experiment instrument in magnetic field, including electric cabinet, experiment instrument pedestal, photoelectric transfer
Sensor fix longeron, copper rod track supporting rod, correlation photoelectric sensing receiver supporting rod, copper rod guide rail, the big coil of rectangle,
Energization copper rod and conductive rectangle are in the light copper foil；
Experiment instrument pedestal is made of front and back longeron and the interconnection of left and right crossbeam, and experiment instrument pedestal lower end is equipped with pedestal leveling
Support leg；Correlation photoelectric sensing receiver left support bar and correlation photoelectric sensing receiver right support bar are individually fixed in reality
Test the center of the left and right crossbeam of instrument pedestal；Correlation photoelectric sensor left and right sidesing post corresponds to pedestal of lower end frame or so cross
It is provided with lower photoelectric sensing transmitter among beam and fixes longeron, correlation photoelectric sensor left and right sidesing post upper end is provided with glazing
Electric sensing receiver fixes longeron；First correlation photoelectric sensing transmitter and the second correlation photoelectric sensing transmitter are fixed on
Lower photoelectric sensing transmitter fixes the corresponding position of longeron, and the first correlation photoelectric sensing transmitter connecting wire of the two
Electric cabinet is connected respectively to the second correlation photoelectric sensing transmitter connecting wire to correspond on binding post；First correlation photoelectricity
Sensing receiver and the second correlation photoelectric sensing receiver are fixed on the corresponding position that photoelectric sensing receiver fixes longeron,
And the first correlation photoelectric sensing receiver connecting wire of the two and the second correlation photoelectric sensing receiver connecting wire
Electric cabinet is connected respectively to correspond on binding post；
The big coil of rectangle is positioned among experiment instrument pedestal, the inflow coil current connecting wire of the big coil of rectangle and
Outflow coil current connecting wire is connected respectively on the corresponding binding post of electric cabinet；Preceding copper rod track left support bar and rear copper rod rail
The support leg of road left support bar is individually fixed in the left crossbeam front and back end of experiment instrument pedestal and about the centrosymmetric phase of left crossbeam
Answer position, the support leg of preceding copper rod track right support bar and rear copper rod track right support bar is individually fixed in the right cross of experiment instrument pedestal
Beam front and back end and about the centrosymmetric corresponding position of right crossbeam；Preceding copper rod guide rail and rear copper rod guide rail are separately mounted to corresponding
On the corresponding sleeve column of preceding copper rod track left and right sidesing post and rear copper rod track left and right sidesing post upper end, front and back copper rod guide rail is close to
The big coil upper surface of rectangle and in the same plane；It is disposed vertically energization copper rod on preceding copper rod guide rail and rear copper rod guide rail,
The conductive rectangle that energization copper rod is equipped with is in the light copper foil；Preceding copper rod guide rail and rear copper rod guide rail are connected by preceding copper rod guide rail respectively
It connects conducting wire and rear copper rod guide rail connecting wire is connected to electric cabinet and corresponds on binding post.
As preferred：The support leg of correlation photoelectric sensing receiver left support bar is before the left crossbeam of experiment instrument pedestal
Copper rod guide supporting foot movement slideway is inserted in the center of left crossbeam afterwards, correlation photoelectric sensing receiver right support bar from
The front and back copper rod guide supporting foot movement slideway of the right crossbeam of experiment instrument pedestal is inserted in the center of right crossbeam, two supporting rods
Fixed screw is respectively adopted to fix.
As preferred：The support leg of preceding copper rod track left support bar and rear copper rod track left support bar is respectively from experiment instrument bottom
It is inserted in the front and back copper rod guide supporting foot movement slideway of the left crossbeam of seat in left crossbeam and about the centrosymmetric phase of left crossbeam
Position, two supporting rods is answered to be fixed using fixed screw, the center of preceding copper rod track left support bar and rear copper rod track left support bar
Spacing is the effective length L values of energization copper rod；The support leg point of preceding copper rod track right support bar and rear copper rod track right support bar
It moves and is inserted in slideway in right crossbeam and about right crossbeam from the front and back copper rod guide supporting foot of the right crossbeam of experiment instrument pedestal
Centrosymmetric corresponding position, two supporting rods are fixed using fixed screw, and preceding copper rod track right support bar is right with rear copper rod track
The center spacing of supporting rod is the effective length L values of energization copper rod.
As preferred：Preceding copper rod guide rail and rear copper rod guide rail be separately mounted to corresponding preceding copper rod track left and right sidesing post and
It is fixed on the corresponding sleeve column in copper rod track left and right sidesing post upper end and using fixed screw afterwards.
As preferred：The fixed lasso in left and right two that upper photoelectric sensing receiver fixes longeron is respectively fitted over correlation photoelectricity
It is on sensing receiver left support bar and the sleeve column on correlation photoelectric sensing receiver right support bar top and solid by fixed screw
It is fixed.
As preferred：Upper photoelectric sensing receiver fixes the graduated scale of longeron and lower photoelectric sensing transmitter fixes longeron
Graduated scale corresponds up and down, the scale position of the first correlation photoelectric sensing receiver and the second correlation photoelectric sensing receiver
It sets corresponding with the graduation position of the first correlation photoelectric sensing transmitter and the second correlation photoelectric sensing transmitter respectively.
As preferred：Electric cabinet includes electric control box power switch, electric cabinet indicator light, correlation photoelectric sensing time showing
Switch, correlation photoelectric sensing time display screen, constant-current source are that coil with electric current direction and size increase and decrease knob, constant-current source electricity
It flows big small display and constant-current source and provides current direction and size increase and decrease knob for energization copper rod.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1, the electric current of the invention for using electric cabinet constant-current source to provide variation for coil, to generate changing magnetic field, constant-current source
Size of current can show that the variation of size of current and direction can pass through the perseverance with specific function by display screen
Stream source for coil with electric current direction and size increases and decreases knob to realize, i.e. the button bounce for coil provide forward current,
It subdues and provides reverse current for coil, no matter forward current or reverse current are provided, knob, which rotates clockwise electric current, to be continued
Increase, rotatory current counterclockwise persistently reduces, and judges that the direction of active force provides conveniently for verification left hand rule.
2, preceding copper rod guide rail can change with rear copper rod guide rail spacing about pedestal or so crossbeam central symmetry, support rod foot
Energization copper rod guide rail spacing can be changed by being slided in sliding slot, the accurate distance between front and back copper rod guide rail can be the bottom of at
It is read on seat or so the millimeter graduated scale of crossbeam.
3, the experiment instrument uses two correlation photoelectric sensors, is able to measure energization copper rod and penetrate by two ats at
The movement instantaneous velocity of formula photoelectric sensor, and according to the spacing of two sensors, calculate adding for energization copper rod motion process
Speed, so as to calculate the average magnetic field size and active force of the energization copper rod in magnetic field of hot-wire coil generation.
4, the experimental provision uses electric cabinet, which contains the constant current for coil with electric current direction and size
Source with for energization copper rod provide current direction and the constant-current source of size, it is the ingenious transmission of electricity by guide rail to provide electric current for copper rod,
Avoid using conducting wire be connected directly between copper rod both ends will caused by the mutual wrapping phenomena of conducting wire；Electric cabinet is also provided with simultaneously
Photo-electric display, to be shown in time since energization rectangular sheet emits to when blocking of light of reception emission sensor
Between, to provide time parameter by the instantaneous velocity of correlation photoelectric sensor position to calculate copper rod.
5, the experiment instrument can do illustrative experiment and do quantitative experiment, and energization can be measured by quantitative experiment
Copper rod institute's stress size in magnetic field, average field strength that coil current generates and when energization copper rod uniform motion in magnetic
Induced electromotive force size caused by.
6, the relationship between active force and each physical quantity of equation right end in formula F=BIL can be demonstrated：First, electric current
I, when length L is constant, as magnetic field B increases, active force increases, when magnetic direction changes, energization copper rod institute Impact direction phase
Instead；Second, when magnetic field B, electric current L are constant, electric current I increases, and active force increases, when the current direction changes, force direction
On the contrary；Third changes energization copper rod length L, active force changes, when energization copper rod length when magnetic field B, electric current I are constant
When L increases, active force increases, and when length L reduces, active force reduces.
7, the experiment instrument is ingenious in design, reasonable for structure, is a comprehensive experiment instrument.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is experiment instrument overall structure front view of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structures right views such as leveling support leg, pedestal, coil, supporting rod and photoelectric sensor；
Fig. 3 is experiment instrument overall structure vertical view of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the structure top views such as pedestal, supporting rod, photoelectric sensor and fixed longeron；
Fig. 5 is the enlarged plan views such as pedestal support leg, left and right crossbeam, photoelectric sensor supporting rod and sliding slot, graduated scale；
Fig. 6 is the structure top view of upper photoelectric sensor and fixed longeron and fixed lasso；
Fig. 7 is the structure top view of front and back copper rod guide rail and fixed lasso；
Fig. 8 is copper rod track supporting rod and (a is copper rod rail to the structural schematic diagram of correlation photoelectric sensing receiver supporting rod
The structural schematic diagram of road supporting rod, b are the structural schematic diagram of correlation photoelectric sensing receiver supporting rod)；
Fig. 9 is the structure top view of energization copper rod (being in the light copper foil containing intermediate conductive rectangle)；
Figure 10 is copper rod track, copper rod, photoelectric sensor fixation longeron and line schematic diagram；
Figure 11 is the structure front view of electric cabinet.
Reference sign：1, electric cabinet, 1-0, electric control box power switch, 1-1, electric cabinet indicator light, 1-2, correlation
Photoelectric sensing time showing switchs, 1-3, correlation photoelectric sensing time display screen, and 1-4, constant-current source are coil with electric current side
To with size increase and decrease knob, the big small display of 1-5, constant current source current, 1-6, constant-current source for energization copper rod provide current direction and
Size increases and decreases knob, and 2, experiment instrument pedestal, 2-0, pedestal leveling support leg, 2-00, front and back copper rod guide supporting foot move slideway,
The left crossbeam scale of 2-1, pedestal, the right crossbeam scale of 2-2, pedestal, 2-10, sliding slot section, 3, lower photoelectric sensing transmitter fix it is vertical
Beam, 3-1, the first correlation photoelectric sensing transmitter, 3-2, the second correlation photoelectric sensing transmitter, 3-10, the first correlation
Photoelectric sensing transmitter connecting wire, 3-20, the second correlation photoelectric sensing transmitter connecting wire, 4, upper photoelectric sensing receive
Device fixes longeron, and 4-00, upper photoelectric sensing receiver fix longeron and fix lasso, and 4-1, the first correlation photoelectric sensing receive
Device, 4-2, the second correlation photoelectric sensing receiver, 4-10, the first correlation photoelectric sensing receiver connecting wire, 4-20,
Two correlation photoelectric sensing receiver connecting wires, 5-1, preceding copper rod track left support bar, 5-01, preceding copper rod track left support bar
Foot, 5-02, preceding copper rod track left support bar foot fixed screw, 5-04, front and back copper rod guide rail fixing sleeve snare column are 5-05, front and back
Copper rod track fixes lasso fixed screw, 5-10, rear copper rod track left support bar, 5-11, rear copper rod track left support bar foot, 5-
12, rear copper rod track left support bar foot fixed screw, 5-2, preceding copper rod track right support bar, 5-20, rear copper rod track right support
Bar, 5-21, preceding copper rod track right support bar foot, 5-22, preceding copper rod track right support bar foot fixed screw, 5-25, rear copper rod rail
Road right support bar foot, 5-26, rear copper rod track right support bar foot fixed screw, 6-1, correlation photoelectric sensing receiver left support
Bar, 6-11, correlation photoelectric sensing receiver fix longeron left support bar foot, and 6-12, correlation photoelectric sensing receiver are fixed
Longeron left support bar foot fixed screw, 6-05, upper photoelectric sensing receiver fix longeron fixing sleeve snare column, 6-06, upper photoelectricity
Sensing receiver fixes longeron and fixes lasso fixed screw, 6-2, correlation photoelectric sensing receiver right support bar, 6-21, to penetrating
Formula photoelectric sensing receiver fixes longeron right support bar foot, and 6-22, correlation photoelectric sensing receiver fix longeron right support bar
Foot fixed screw, 7-1, preceding copper rod guide rail, 7-2, rear copper rod guide rail, 7-00, front and back copper rod guide rail fix lasso, 7-10, preceding copper
Stick guide rail connecting wire, 7-20, rear copper rod guide rail connecting wire, 8, the big coil of rectangle, 8-1, flows into coil current connection and lead
Line, 8-2, outflow coil current connecting wire, 10, energization copper rod, 10-0, conductive rectangle are in the light copper foil.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is described further with reference to embodiment.The explanation of following embodiments is merely used to help understand this
Invention.It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, also
Can be with several improvements and modifications are made to the present invention, these improvement and modification also fall into the protection domain of the claims in the present invention
It is interior.
The copper rod stress demonstrating and quantitative measurment experiment instrument in magnetic field, including：Electric cabinet 1, experiment instrument pedestal 2,
Photoelectric sensor fixes longeron, copper rod track supporting rod, correlation photoelectric sensing receiver supporting rod, copper rod guide rail, rectangle
Big coil 8, energization copper rod 10, conductive rectangle are in the light copper foil 10-0, as shown in Figure 1.
4 pedestal leveling support leg 2-0 of 2 lower end of experiment instrument pedestal are installed, experiment instrument pedestal 2 by front and back longeron with
Experiment instrument pedestal 2 is tuned into horizontal (adopt by crossbeam mutually ingenious connection group quadrangularly in left and right using pedestal leveling support leg 2-0
It is examined with horizon rule)；By the support leg of correlation photoelectric sensing receiver left support bar 6-1 from the left cross of experiment instrument pedestal 2
Beam slideway is inserted in the center of left crossbeam, by the support leg of correlation photoelectric sensing receiver right support bar 6-2 from experiment
The right crossbeam slideway of instrument pedestal 2 is inserted in the center of right crossbeam, and fixed screw is respectively adopted and fixes tightly, such as the institute of Fig. 1,2,3
Show.
According to the spacing of the first correlation photoelectric sensing transmitter 3-1 and the second correlation photoelectric sensing transmitter 3-2 and
First correlation photoelectric sensing transmitter 3-1 and the second correlation photoelectric sensing transmitter 3-2 are fixed on lower light by status requirement
Electric sensing transmitter fixes the corresponding position (remembeing corresponding scale value) of longeron 3, and by the first correlation photoelectric sensing of the two
Transmitter connecting wire 3-10 and the second correlation photoelectric sensing transmitter connecting wire 3-20 is connected respectively to the correspondence of electric cabinet 1
On binding post, as shown in Fig. 4,3,1.
The big coil of rectangle 8 is placed on experiment instrument pedestal 2 on corresponding position, and the inflow line of the big coil of rectangle 8
Loop current connecting wire 8-1 and outflow coil current connecting wire 8-2 are connected respectively on 1 corresponding binding post of electric cabinet, so as to
Electric cabinet constant-current source is coil power supply, to generate magnetic field, as shown in Fig. 2,3,1.
By the support leg of preceding copper rod track left support bar 5-1 and rear copper rod track left support bar 5-10 respectively from experiment instrument bottom
It is inserted in sliding slot before and after 2 left crossbeams of seat in left crosstic shoe and about the centrosymmetric corresponding position of left crossbeam, is allowed to preceding copper
Stick track left support bar 5-1 and rear copper rod track left support bar 5-10 center spacing (can be obtained from graduated scale accurately away from
From) be test needed for energization copper rod effective length L values, and it is preceding copper rod track left support bar 5-1 and rear copper rod track is left
Supporting rod 5-10 screws tight fixation using fixed screw；Again by preceding copper rod track right support bar 5-2 and rear copper rod track right support bar
The support leg of 5-20 respectively from being inserted in sliding slot before and after 2 right crossbeam of experiment instrument pedestal to right crosstic shoe in and about central symmetry
Corresponding position, be allowed to preceding copper rod track right support bar 5-2 and the rear centers copper rod track right support bar 5-20 spacing (from graduated scale
On can obtain accurate distance) be test needed for energization copper rod effective length L values, by copper rod track right support bar 5-2 with
Copper rod track right support bar 5-20 is respectively adopted fixed screw and screws tight fixation afterwards, as shown in Fig. 2,3,4,5,8,1.
Preceding copper rod guide rail 7-1 and rear copper rod guide rail 7-2 are separately mounted to corresponding preceding copper rod track left and right sidesing post again
On sleeve column corresponding with rear copper rod track left and right sidesing post upper end, front and back copper rod guide rail is close to big 8 upper surface of coil of rectangle
And in the same plane, and one by one fixation is screwed tight using fixed screw；It hangs down on preceding copper rod guide rail 7-1 and rear copper rod guide rail 7-2
It is straight to place energization copper rod 10, it is intermediate on energization copper rod 10 to be equipped with conductive rectangle and be in the light copper foil；Preceding copper rod guide rail 7-1 and rear copper
Preceding copper rod guide rail connecting wire 7-10 is respectively adopted in stick guide rail 7-2 and rear copper rod guide rail connecting wire 7-20 is connected to electric cabinet 1
It is that the sliding copper rod being connected with copper rod guide rail is powered by electric cabinet constant-current source, such as Fig. 3,2,1,7,9,10 on corresponding binding post
It is shown.
The fixed lasso in left and right two of upper photoelectric sensing receiver fixation longeron 4 is respectively fitted over correlation photoelectric sensing to connect
It receives on device left support bar 6-1 and the sleeve column on the tops correlation photoelectric sensing receiver right support bar 6-2, fixed screw is respectively adopted
Screw tight fixation；Upper photoelectric sensing receiver is fixed 4 graduated scale of longeron and is fixed with lower photoelectric sensing transmitter on the graduated scale of longeron 3
Lower one-to-one correspondence, according to the scale of the first correlation photoelectric sensing transmitter 3-1 and the second correlation photoelectric sensing transmitter 3-2
First correlation photoelectric sensing receiver 4-1 and the second correlation photoelectric sensing receiver 4-2 are corresponded to and are fixed by position；From automatically controlled
First correlation photoelectric sensing transmitter connecting wire 3-10 of the extraction of case 1, the connection of the second correlation photoelectric sensing transmitter are led
Line 3-20 is connected with the first correlation photoelectric sensing transmitter 3-1 and the second correlation photoelectric sensing transmitter 3-2 respectively, from electricity
The first correlation photoelectric sensing receiver connecting wire 4-10 that control case 1 is drawn is connect with the second correlation photoelectric sensing receiver
Conducting wire 4-20 is connected with the first correlation photoelectric sensing receiver 4-1 with the second correlation photoelectric sensing receiver 4-2 respectively, makes
The first correlation photoelectric sensing transmitter 3-1 and the light of the second correlation photoelectric sensing transmitter 3-2 transmittings can just be by the
One correlation photoelectric sensing receiver 4-1 is corresponding with the second correlation photoelectric sensing receiver 4-2 to be received；First correlation photoelectricity
Sensing transmitter 3-1 and the light of the second correlation photoelectric sensing transmitter 3-2 transmittings are in the light copper foil 10-0 by conductive rectangle
It is in the light, the information that is in the light is connect by the first correlation photoelectric sensing receiver 4-1 and the second correlation photoelectric sensing receiver 4-2 respectively
It receives, is connect lead with the second correlation photoelectric sensing receiver by the first correlation photoelectric sensing receiver connecting wire 4-10 respectively
Line 4-20 is transferred in electric cabinet 1, to which display is in the light the time on a display screen, in order to provide energization copper rod is calculated by predetermined
The movement velocity of position, as shown in Fig. 6,10,9,8,5,4,3,2,1.
One, this experiment instrument privileged sites structure and principle
1, the making of energization copper rod.Use the energization rectangle scale copper of reasonable size among energization copper rod, copper rod with it is thin
Copper sheet unicom is conductive, it is desirable that scale copper cross-sectional area is equal with copper rod cross-sectional area, and scale copper is played to correlation photoelectric sensing
Device light blocking effect, scale copper width may be used vernier caliper and measure, according to shown gear from electric cabinet photo-electric display
Between light time, so that it may to calculate the instantaneous velocity that energization copper rod moves to photoelectric sensor position.
2, the determination of rectangular coil size and number of turns is the needs according to particular experiment, carries out specific system
Make and coiling.
3, electric cabinet constant-current source function.This big small display of constant current source current can be shown as the offer of energization copper rod simultaneously
Constant current source current, and can be coil with electric current.Wherein, constant-current source is that coil with electric current direction increases and decreases knob 1- with size
4 be multipurpose knob, bounces and is expressed as coil offer forward current, subdues and provide reverse current for coil, no matter provide
Forward current or reverse current rotate clockwise the knob electric current and increase, and rotatory current counterclockwise reduces；Constant-current source is
Energization copper rod provides current direction and size increase and decrease knob 1-6 bounces and provides forward current for copper rod, subdues and is carried for copper rod
For reverse current, forward current or reverse current no matter are provided, electric current is rotated clockwise and increases, rotatory current counterclockwise is equal
Reduce.
4, electric cabinet photoelectric sensor fluorescent screen display function is in the light original as long as meeting two correlation photoelectric sensors
It manages, will show that the time that two correlation photoelectric sensors are in the light, photoelectric sensing show successively on photoelectric sensing display screen
Switch plays the role of clearing, if fluorescent screen is shown again, as long as after clicking button clearing, will continue to next time show successively
Copper rod is in the light the time by two photoelectric sensors.
5, the coil in magnetic field is provided for experiment, coil used in the experiment instrument, is a kind of very much like with experiment instrument pedestal
The height of the special coil of rectangle, coil is appropriate, and the width of coil is identical as experiment instrument base width；The length of coil is needed according to logical
Electrolytic copper stick is accelerated by magnetic force, while can finally reach at the uniform velocity and can continue a distance and be preferred, to determine
The length of coil；The number of turns of coil is to carry out coiling, coil electricity according to the particular requirement for providing magnetic field size required for experiment instrument
Stream is provided using electric cabinet constant-current source, and coil current can become larger and reduce successively, so that coil can generate a change
The magnetic field of change.
6, correlation photoelectric sensor module.Correlation photoelectric sensor is made of three parts：It is transmitter respectively, receives
Device and detection circuit.Laser diode launches feux rouges as transmitter, and receiver is photodiode, transmitter and reception
Device spacing can be 1m or even reach several meters and can also play a role, and optical element aperture is housed on front side of receiver, after receiver
Face uses detection circuit, it can filter out useful signal and apply the signal.When object is by between transmitter and receiver, light
Line is cut off, and receiving terminal will output signal.
7, it is emphasized that：Experiment instrument pedestal, supporting rod, coil winding frame and fixed screw are to use plastics material
Material makes, in order that the structure that these materials are constituted is unlikely to influence the magnetic field that hot-wire coil generates；Furthermore it is exactly rectangle line
The width of circle is almost the same with base width, and guide rail spacing maximum width should be less than or equal to coil inboard width, still, line
Circle length will determine that loop length can be than the length that has designed more according to the needs of experiment instrument manufacturing process test situation
It is long, it might even be possible to guide supporting bar and correlation photoelectric sensor supporting rod are included on the inside of loop length, perhaps can in this way
It can be more preferable to the experiment effect tested using the experiment instrument.
Two, the experimental principle and experimental method of this experiment instrument
1, lecture experiment (correctness for including demonstration left hand rule)
Energization copper rod is in magnetic field by the theoretical calculation formula of active force
F=BIL ... (1)
In formula, B indicates that magnetic induction intensity, I indicate that electrical current, L indicate the energization copper rod length in magnetic field.
(1) constant current source current I, the copper rod length L (adjusting front and back copper rod guide supporting leg spacing) that copper rod provides are kept no
Become, is that (constant-current source is that coil with electric current direction and size increase and decrease knob 1-4 are clockwise for coil with electric current increase by constant-current source
Rotation), i.e., the magnetic field B that coil generates increases, and active force suffered by energization copper rod increases, and copper rod movement is accelerated；If magnetic direction phase
Instead (constant-current source is that coil with electric current direction is subdued with size increase and decrease knob 1-4), copper rod is transported along with original opposite direction
It is dynamic；
(2) keep magnetic field size (i.e. coil current size) B, energization copper rod length (between i.e. front and back copper rod guide supporting bar
Away from) L is constant, when electric current (constant-current source for energization copper rod provide current direction increase and decrease knob 1-6 with size rotate clockwise) I increases
Greatly, energization copper rod active force increases, and copper rod movement velocity is accelerated；If current direction is opposite, (constant-current source provides electricity for energization copper rod
Stream direction and size increase and decrease knob 1-6 is subdued), copper rod moved opposite direction and moved along with original；
(3) it keeps the constant current source current I that magnetic field size (i.e. coil current size) B, copper rod are provided constant, leads in magnetic field
Conductance line length (distance between i.e. front and back copper rod track supporting rod) L increases, and active force increases, and copper rod movement velocity is accelerated；
2, copper rod movement velocity, acceleration and active force are measured
Since energization copper rod setting in motion speed is slower, therefore two correlation photoelectric sensors are mutually fixed across a certain distance
Initiating terminal suitable position is moved in copper rod, it is respectively Δ t to measure through the time of being in the light of two correlation photoelectric sensors1With
Δt2, and energization rectangular copper thin slice light-blocked width Δ L is measured, then first copper rod that is powered passes through correlation photoelectric sensor and the
The speed of two correlation photoelectric sensors is respectively v1=Δ L/ Δs t1, v2=Δ L/ Δs t2, and the first correlation photoelectric sensor
The distance between second correlation photoelectric sensor is s, according to speed and distance relation formulaThen copper rod
The acceleration of movementIf copper rod quality m, for convenience of calculation, if the induced electromotive force size generated is negligible not
Meter, according to Newton's second law：F-f=ma, if copper rod and copper rod rail friction force coefficient μ, then copper rod is on copper rod track
F=μm of g of frictional force, then the copper rod active force suffered in magnetic field that is powered is F=μm of g+ma, then can measure hot-wire coil
Electric current generate average magnetic field be
3, (experiment is expansion experiments to measurement induced electromotive force, also needs further to study its feasibility, only be to provide herein
One Research Thinking)
When movement copper rod (conductor) moves in magnetic field, induced electromotive force is will produce, the direction of induced electromotive force can adopt
Judged with the right-hand rule, the size of induced electromotive force can be used following formula and calculate
ε=BLv ... (3)
Since energization copper rod is moved in magnetic field by the effect of magnetic field force, copper rod is in the direction of movement in motion process
On can be acted on by three power, active force, frictional force, the sense that the induced electromotive force generated on copper rod and copper rod resistance generate
Raw electric current also can be by an active force, and when copper rod reaches balance under the action of these three power, i.e. copper rod movement velocity reaches
, can be separated by a distance by two correlation photoelectric sensors when at the uniform velocity, it corresponds to and fixes respectively close to end, it thus can be advantageous
After copper rod movement reaches uniform motion, and the movement velocity of copper rod is measured, if the electricity of the effective length L of energization copper rod
Resistance is R, due to intermediate energization rectangular sheet cross-sectional area s0It is identical as round copper rod cross-sectional area, then according to the law of resistance,
Length is the copper rod resistance of LDue to induced current i=ε/r=BLvs caused by induced electromotive force on copper rod0/ ρ L,
It is identical as the direction of induced current due to generating induced electromotive force direction, and the current direction phase of copper rod is supplied to constant-current source
Instead, the electric current on copper rod is I-i at this time, then according to the active force of the conjunction electric current in magnetic field on copper rod, it should with copper rod institute
The resistance being subject to balances each other, i.e. F=f, then has
B(I-Bvs0/ ρ) L=μm of g ... (4)
According to (4) formula, average magnetic field B caused by hot-wire coil can be calculated, energization can be calculated further according to (3)
Copper rod generates the size of induced electromotive force in magnetic field；Or according to some physical quantitys, another physics can also be calculated
Amount.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of copper rod stress demonstrating and quantitative measurment experiment instrument in magnetic field, it is characterised in that：Including electric cabinet (1), experiment
Instrument pedestal (2), photoelectric sensor are fixed longeron, copper rod track supporting rod, correlation photoelectric sensing receiver supporting rod, copper rod and are led
The big coil of rail, rectangle (8), energization copper rod (10) and conductive rectangle are in the light copper foil (10-0)；
Experiment instrument pedestal (2) is made of front and back longeron and the interconnection of left and right crossbeam, and experiment instrument pedestal (2) lower end is equipped with pedestal tune
Flat support leg (2-0)；Correlation photoelectric sensing receiver left support bar (6-1) and correlation photoelectric sensing receiver right support bar
(6-2) is individually fixed in the center of the left and right crossbeam of experiment instrument pedestal (2)；Correlation photoelectric sensor left and right sidesing post pair
It answers and is provided with lower photoelectric sensing transmitter fixation longeron (3), correlation photoelectric sensor among the pedestal of lower end frame or so crossbeam
Left and right sidesing post upper end is provided with photoelectric sensing receiver and fixes longeron (4)；First correlation photoelectric sensing transmitter (3-1)
It is fixed on the corresponding position that lower photoelectric sensing transmitter fixes longeron (3) with the second correlation photoelectric sensing transmitter (3-2), and
And the first correlation photoelectric sensing transmitter connecting wire (3-10) of the two is connected with the second correlation photoelectric sensing transmitter
Conducting wire (3-20) is connected respectively on the corresponding binding post of electric cabinet (1)；First correlation photoelectric sensing receiver (4-1) and second
Correlation photoelectric sensing receiver (4-2) is fixed on the corresponding position that photoelectric sensing receiver fixes longeron (4), and the two
The first correlation photoelectric sensing receiver connecting wire (4-10) and the second correlation photoelectric sensing receiver connecting wire (4-
20) it is connected respectively on the corresponding binding post of electric cabinet (1)；
The big coil of rectangle (8) is positioned among experiment instrument pedestal (2), the inflow coil current connection of the big coil of rectangle (8)
Conducting wire (8-1) and outflow coil current connecting wire (8-2) are connected respectively on the corresponding binding post of electric cabinet (1)；Preceding copper rod rail
The support leg of road left support bar (5-1) and rear copper rod track left support bar (5-10) is individually fixed in a left side for experiment instrument pedestal (2)
Crossbeam front and back end and about the centrosymmetric corresponding position of left crossbeam, preceding copper rod track right support bar (5-2) and rear copper rod track
The support leg of right support bar (5-20) is individually fixed in the right crossbeam front and back end of experiment instrument pedestal (2) and about right crossbeam central symmetry
Corresponding position；Preceding copper rod guide rail (7-1) and rear copper rod guide rail (7-2) are separately mounted to corresponding preceding copper rod track or so support
On the corresponding sleeve column of bar and rear copper rod track left and right sidesing post upper end, front and back copper rod guide rail is close on the big coil of rectangle (8)
Surface and in the same plane；It is disposed vertically energization copper rod (10) on preceding copper rod guide rail (7-1) and rear copper rod guide rail (7-2),
The conductive rectangle that energization copper rod (10) is equipped with is in the light copper foil；Preceding copper rod guide rail (7-1) and rear copper rod guide rail (7-2) lead to respectively
It crosses preceding copper rod guide rail connecting wire (7-10) and rear copper rod guide rail connecting wire (7-20) is connected to electric cabinet (1) and corresponds to binding post
On.
2. copper rod according to claim 1 stress demonstrating and quantitative measurment experiment instrument in magnetic field, it is characterised in that：To penetrating
Front and back copper rod guide rail branch of the support leg of formula photoelectric sensing receiver left support bar (6-1) from the left crossbeam of experiment instrument pedestal (2)
Spike movement slideway (2-00) is inserted in the center of left crossbeam, correlation photoelectric sensing receiver right support bar (6-2) from
The front and back copper rod guide supporting foot movement slideway (2-00) of the right crossbeam of experiment instrument pedestal (2) is inserted in the centre bit of right crossbeam
It sets, two supporting rods are respectively adopted fixed screw and fix.
3. copper rod according to claim 1 stress demonstrating and quantitative measurment experiment instrument in magnetic field, it is characterised in that：Preceding copper
The support leg of stick track left support bar (5-1) and rear copper rod track left support bar (5-10) is respectively from experiment instrument pedestal (2) left cross
It is inserted in front and back copper rod guide supporting foot movement slideway (2-00) of beam in left crossbeam and about the centrosymmetric phase of left crossbeam
Position, two supporting rods is answered to be fixed using fixed screw, preceding copper rod track left support bar (5-1) and rear copper rod track left support bar
The center spacing of (5-10) is the effective length L values of energization copper rod (10)；Preceding copper rod track right support bar (5-2) and rear copper rod rail
The support leg of road right support bar (5-20) moves slideway from the front and back copper rod guide supporting foot of experiment instrument pedestal (2) right crossbeam respectively
It is inserted in (2-00) in right crossbeam and about the centrosymmetric corresponding position of right crossbeam, two supporting rods are solid using fixed screw
Fixed, the center spacing of preceding copper rod track right support bar (5-2) and rear copper rod track right support bar (5-20) is energization copper rod (10)
Effective length L values.
4. copper rod according to claim 1 stress demonstrating and quantitative measurment experiment instrument in magnetic field, it is characterised in that：Preceding copper
Stick guide rail (7-1) and rear copper rod guide rail (7-2) are separately mounted to corresponding preceding copper rod track left and right sidesing post and rear copper rod track
It is fixed on the corresponding sleeve column in left and right sidesing post upper end and using fixed screw.
5. copper rod according to claim 1 stress demonstrating and quantitative measurment experiment instrument in magnetic field, it is characterised in that：Glazing
The fixed lasso in left and right two that electric sensing receiver fixes longeron (4) is respectively fitted over correlation photoelectric sensing receiver left support bar
It is fixed on the sleeve column on the top (6-1) and correlation photoelectric sensing receiver right support bar (6-2) and by fixed screw.
6. copper rod according to claim 1 stress demonstrating and quantitative measurment experiment instrument in magnetic field, it is characterised in that：Glazing
Electric sensing receiver fixes the graduated scale of longeron (4) and lower photoelectric sensing transmitter and fixes the graduated scale of longeron (3) up and down one by one
It is corresponding, the graduation position point of the first correlation photoelectric sensing receiver (4-1) and the second correlation photoelectric sensing receiver (4-2)
Not with the graduation position pair of the first correlation photoelectric sensing transmitter (3-1) and the second correlation photoelectric sensing transmitter (3-2)
It answers.
7. copper rod according to claim 1 stress demonstrating and quantitative measurment experiment instrument in magnetic field, it is characterised in that：It is automatically controlled
Case (1) includes electric control box power switch (1-0), electric cabinet indicator light (1-1), correlation photoelectric sensing time showing switch (1-
2), correlation photoelectric sensing time display screen (1-3), constant-current source be coil with electric current direction and size increase and decrease knob (1-4),
The big small display of constant current source current (1-5) and constant-current source provide current direction and size increase and decrease knob (1-6) for energization copper rod.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810907316.7A CN108682247B (en) | 2018-08-09 | 2018-08-09 | Experimental instrument for demonstrating stress of copper bar in magnetic field and quantitatively measuring copper bar |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810907316.7A CN108682247B (en) | 2018-08-09 | 2018-08-09 | Experimental instrument for demonstrating stress of copper bar in magnetic field and quantitatively measuring copper bar |
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