CN108679865B - Preparation method of two-dimensional conductive polymer sunlight absorber for solar water vapor evaporation - Google Patents
Preparation method of two-dimensional conductive polymer sunlight absorber for solar water vapor evaporation Download PDFInfo
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- CN108679865B CN108679865B CN201810242719.4A CN201810242719A CN108679865B CN 108679865 B CN108679865 B CN 108679865B CN 201810242719 A CN201810242719 A CN 201810242719A CN 108679865 B CN108679865 B CN 108679865B
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a two-dimensional conductive polymer sunlight absorber for solar water vapor evaporation, which comprises the following steps: polymerizing pyrrole on a porous sheet-shaped carrier in the presence of an oxidant and a solvent or in the presence of a solution formed by the oxidant and the solvent at a temperature of-5 ℃ to 5 ℃, and then drying, thereby forming the required two-dimensional conductive polymer solar light absorber. The two-dimensional conductive polymer solar light absorber prepared by the method, in particular the multilayer two-dimensional conductive polymer solar light absorber, has good solar light capturing capacity, excellent water vapor evaporation capacity and excellent stability and flexibility. In addition, the two-dimensional conductive polymer sunlight absorber prepared by the method has outstanding industrialization prospect in the aspects of seawater desalination and sewage treatment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solar water vapor evaporation, and particularly provides a preparation method of a two-dimensional conductive polymer sunlight absorber for efficient solar water vapor evaporation.
Background
Water is the source of life and the foundation on which all life lives depend for survival and development. Although 71% of the surface area is covered with water, these are mostly salt water, with a fresh water content of only 2.5%. While the fresh water is mainly in the form of glaciers and groundwater, all lakes, rivers and marshlands together account for only 0.3% of the total fresh water reserve of the earth. However, China is a country with serious water shortage. The total amount of fresh water resources in China is 28000 billion cubic meters, which accounts for 6 percent of the global water resources and is listed in the fourth world. However, the per capita water resource of China is only 2300 cubic meters, which is only 1/4 on the average level in the world, and is one of the most scarce countries in the per capita water resource of the world. Besides the inherent shortage of water resource reserves, the serious water resource pollution brought by the continuous growth of population and the rapid development of economy also aggravates the shortage of water resources in China. Shallow groundwater resource pollution is common in China, about 50% of regions are polluted to a certain degree, and groundwater pollution in about half of urban districts is serious. At present, China faces such a severe water resource crisis, how to quickly and effectively desalt seawater and treat sewage is a problem which needs to be solved urgently at present.
On the other hand, solar energy is attracting increasing attention as a new clean energy source. Compared with the traditional fossil energy, the energy source has the advantages of large reserve, no pollution and the like, and is widely applied to solar power generation, solar water heaters and solar seawater desalination. In the traditional solar seawater desalination, a large water body is directly heated to drive seawater to generate a phase change process, namely evaporation and condensation. However, the process has a large amount of energy loss, and energy waste is caused by heating the seawater which does not participate in phase change, so that the evaporation efficiency of the solar seawater desalination is always low, and the requirements of people can not be met. In order to reduce energy losses and improve evaporation efficiency, interfacial solar water vapor evaporation has been explored. The interface solar energy vapor evaporation can effectively realize the local sunlight capture by floating on the water surface. The solar heating only occurs on the surface of the water body, so that the energy loss of the system is greatly reduced, the heating of a large water body is avoided, and the evaporation efficiency is kept at a very high level. The United kingdom "Nature Communications", 2015 volume 5, page 4449, reported that the use of a bilayer structure of exfoliated graphite and carbon foam achieved at 1000W/m2An evaporation efficiency of 64% at a light intensity (i.e. the power of the sunlight reaching the earth's surface), and 10000W/m2The evaporation efficiency of 85 percent under the light intensity is greatly improved compared with the evaporation efficiency of the traditional solar seawater desalination. Solar water vapor evaporation, which has been reported now, can be classified into two major categories depending on the materials used, one being obtained by making carbon materials such as graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, etc. into aerogels. Such a manufacturing process is complicated and difficult to apply on a large scale. Another class is that of metal nanoparticles such as gold, aluminum, palladium, etc., are deposited by physical vapor deposition onto porous supports. This type is expensive due to the use of noble metals, and has poor flexibility of its own, making it difficult to realize large-scale commercial use. On the other hand, two-dimensional materials are increasingly widely used in various fields due to their excellent physical and optical properties, and exhibit excellent propertiesOptical absorption and photothermal conversion properties. Therefore, the conventional three-dimensional material is converted into two dimensions as an effective means for solving many problems.
Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a method for preparing a two-dimensional material with high solar water vapor evaporation performance and low cost.
Disclosure of Invention
Starting from the technical problems set forth above, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing a two-dimensional conductive polymer solar absorber for solar water vapor evaporation using inexpensive and widely available raw materials. The present inventors have made intensive studies and completed the present invention.
In one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of preparing a two-dimensional conductive polymeric solar absorber for solar water vapor evaporation, the method comprising: polymerizing pyrrole on a porous sheet-shaped carrier in the presence of an oxidant and a solvent or in the presence of a solution formed by the oxidant and the solvent at a temperature of-5 ℃ to 5 ℃, and then drying, thereby forming the required two-dimensional conductive polymer solar light absorber.
According to certain preferred embodiments of the present invention, the polymerization reaction is carried out by loading the oxidizing agent and the solvent or a solution of the oxidizing agent and the solvent onto the porous sheet-like support, and then dropping pyrrole onto the porous sheet-like support.
According to certain preferred embodiments of the present invention, the oxidant is selected from one or more of ammonium persulfate and ferric chloride.
According to certain preferred embodiments of the present invention, the solvent is selected from one or more of water, hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid.
According to certain preferred embodiments of the present invention, the porous sheet-like support is selected from one or more of paper-based sheets, woven sheets, non-woven sheets, and porous polymer sheets.
According to certain preferred embodiments of the present invention, the paper-based sheet is one or more of a non-dusting paper, a cotton tissue, and a qualitative filter paper.
According to certain preferred embodiments of the present invention, the polymerization reaction is carried out for 1 to 5 minutes.
According to certain preferred embodiments of the present invention, the method further comprises using the obtained two-dimensional conductive polymeric solar light absorber as a substrate, and repeating the steps of polymerizing and drying on the substrate one or more times, thereby obtaining a multi-layered two-dimensional conductive polymeric solar light absorber.
According to certain preferred embodiments of the present invention, the multilayer two-dimensional conductive polymeric solar light absorber comprises 2 to 9 layers.
Compared with the prior art in the field, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the two-dimensional conductive polymer sunlight absorber is simple in preparation method, wide in raw material source, safe and cheap, and suitable for large-scale production.
2. The sunlight absorption efficiency of the two-dimensional conductive polymer sunlight absorber can reach 95 percent and is 1000W/m2The evaporation efficiency of 73.4% under the light intensity is greatly improved compared with the traditional spherical conductive polymer in the aspects of optical absorption and photo-thermal conversion performance.
3. The multilayer two-dimensional conductive polymer solar light absorber with the adjustable structural layer number has evaporation efficiency which is changed along with the layer number, for example, the evaporation efficiency can reach 90.2 percent when the multilayer two-dimensional conductive polymer solar light absorber is four layers.
4. The multilayer two-dimensional conductive polymer solar light absorber with the adjustable structural layer number has excellent stability and flexibility, and can keep good evaporation efficiency after being bent and kneaded for 1000 times.
5. Compared with the traditional membrane separation or distillation process, the multilayer two-dimensional conductive polymer sunlight absorber prepared by the method has obviously more excellent effects of seawater desalination and decontamination and water purification in the aspects of seawater desalination and sewage treatment.
Drawings
FIG. 1a shows a graph of the light transmittance of single-layer or multi-layer two-dimensional conductive polymer solar light absorbers prepared according to examples 1-5 of the present invention in the surface solar radiation spectral range (295-2500nm) with dust-free paper alone as a control (i.e., the number of polypyrrole polymer layers is 0);
FIG. 1b shows a graph of the light reflectance of single-layer or multi-layer two-dimensional conductive polymer solar absorbers prepared according to examples 1-5 of the present invention in the surface solar radiation spectral range (295-2500nm) with dust-free paper alone as a control (i.e., the number of polypyrrole polymer layers is 0);
FIG. 2a shows single-or multilayer two-dimensional conductive polymeric solar absorbers prepared according to examples 1 to 5 of the present invention at 1000W/m in 1 hour in a test water vapor evaporation experiment2Graph of temperature rise under solar irradiation with dust-free paper alone as a control (i.e., number of polypyrrole polymer layers is 0);
FIG. 2b shows single-or multilayer two-dimensional conductive polymeric solar absorbers prepared according to examples 1-5 of the present invention at 1000W/m in 1 hour in a test water vapor evaporation experiment2A graph of water evaporation rate and corresponding water evaporation efficiency under sunlight irradiation, wherein the dust-free paper alone is used as a control (i.e. the number of polypyrrole polymer layers is 0);
FIG. 3a is a schematic diagram showing the bending and kneading and releasing processes of a 4-layer two-dimensional conductive polymer solar light absorber prepared according to example 3 of the present invention in a flexibility test experiment;
fig. 3b shows a graph of the temperature rise and water evaporation amount variation results after bending and releasing 0 to 1000 times for the 4-layer two-dimensional conductive polymer solar light absorber prepared according to example 3 of the present invention;
fig. 3c shows a graph of the temperature increase and water evaporation amount variation results after 0 to 1000 kneads and releases of the 4-layer two-dimensional conductive polymer solar light absorber prepared according to example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 4a shows the main ions (i.e., Na) in seawater before and after desalination by using a 4-layer two-dimensional conductive polymer solar absorber prepared in example 3 of the present invention in a seawater desalination test+、Ca2+、Mg2+、K+And B3+) A histogram of the change in concentration;
fig. 4b shows the absorption values of two kinds of wastewater (methyl orange and methylene blue) before treatment in the test wastewater treatment experiment and the absorption values of condensed water obtained after treatment using the 4-layer two-dimensional conductive polymer solar light absorber prepared according to example 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that other various embodiments can be devised and modified by those skilled in the art in light of the teachings of this specification without departing from the scope or spirit of the present disclosure. The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense.
According to the disclosure, pyrrole is subjected to (oxidative) polymerization reaction on a porous sheet-shaped carrier in the presence of an oxidant and a solvent or in the presence of a solution formed by the oxidant and the solvent directly to form polypyrrole, and then the polypyrrole is dried to obtain the sunlight absorber for high-efficiency solar water vapor evaporation, wherein the polypyrrole is a mature and cheap conductive polymer, and the intrinsic photo-thermal property of the polypyrrole enables the polypyrrole to capture sunlight and convert the sunlight into heat energy; meanwhile, the two-dimensional polypyrrole (namely a polypyrrole sheet layer) formed on the porous sheet carrier has higher photo-thermal conversion efficiency compared with the traditional spherical polypyrrole, can absorb sunlight more effectively to generate water vapor, and realizes higher water vapor evaporation efficiency. In addition, the prepared by the method has excellent stability and flexibility, and still has good light-heat conversion efficiency and water vapor evaporation efficiency after being bent and kneaded for more than 1000 times.
Specifically, the present invention provides a method for preparing a two-dimensional conductive polymeric solar absorber for solar water vapor evaporation, the method comprising: polymerizing pyrrole on a porous sheet-shaped carrier in the presence of an oxidant and a solvent or in the presence of a solution formed by the oxidant and the solvent at a temperature of-5 ℃ to 5 ℃, and then drying, thereby forming the required two-dimensional conductive polymer solar light absorber. The method enables the conductive polymer to grow along a plane in the polymerization process, thereby obtaining the two-dimensional conductive polymer sunlight absorber different from the traditional spherical conductive polymer.
Preferably, the polymerization is carried out by loading the oxidizing agent and the solvent or a solution of the oxidizing agent and the solvent onto the porous sheet-like support and then dropping the pyrrole onto the porous sheet-like support.
In the method of the present invention, there is no particular limitation on the material of the porous sheet-like support used as long as the support is porous, that is, for example, capable of adsorbing an oxidizing agent and a solvent or capable of adsorbing a solution of an oxidizing agent and a solvent; meanwhile, the carrier is sheet-shaped, namely has a certain surface area so that a macromolecule formed by the polymerization reaction of pyrrole can be formed on the carrier in the form of a layer or a film, thereby being used for solar water vapor evaporation. Preferably, the porous sheet-like support is selected from one or more of paper-based sheets, woven sheets, non-woven sheets and porous polymer sheets. More preferably, the porous sheet-like support is selected from one or more of the group consisting of a non-dusting paper, a cotton tissue, and a qualitative filter paper. Furthermore, in the method of the present invention, the porous sheet-like support may be in the nature of a circle, a square, a rectangle, a triangle, etc., for example, a circular non-dusting paper having a diameter of about 5 cm.
In the process of the present invention, an oxidizing agent is used to initiate the polymerization of the pyrrole. The oxidizing agent of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can initiate polymerization of pyrrole, and is, for example, a common oxidizing agent. Preferably, the oxidant is selected from one or more of ammonium persulfate and ferric chloride. Further, the amount of the oxidizing agent to be added is not particularly limited, and a person skilled in the art can determine an appropriate amount thereof. For example, the oxidizing agent is preferably added in an amount of about 50 to 200% based on the weight of the pyrrole.
Preferably, in the process of the present invention, the solvent used is selected from one or more of water, hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid. As mentioned above, the solvent may be loaded on the support separately or independently from the oxidizing agent, or may be loaded on the support after forming a solution with the oxidizing agent. Further, the amount of the solvent to be added is not particularly limited as long as it can completely dissolve the oxidizing agent or can form a solution with the oxidizing agent.
In the process of the present invention, the polymerization is carried out at low temperatures (about-5 ℃ to 5 ℃), preferably at a temperature of about 0 ℃. Preferably, the polymerization reaction of the present invention can maintain the low temperature requirements required for polymerization reactions by laying the support on ice cubes.
In the method of the present invention, although the time of the polymerization reaction is not particularly required, it is preferable that the polymerization reaction is carried out at a low temperature for 1 to 5 minutes, preferably 1 to 2 minutes.
In order to obtain the final two-dimensional conductive polymer solar light absorber for solar water vapor evaporation, drying treatment is required after the polymerization reaction is finished. In the method of the present invention, the manner and apparatus of the drying treatment are not particularly limited, and for example, drying may be carried out in an oven at a temperature of 20 to 100 ℃ or drying may be carried out with hot air at normal temperature by a blower.
Preferably, in the process according to the invention, multilayer results, i.e. with a plurality of polypyrrole layers above the support. Therefore, preferably, the method of the present invention further comprises taking the obtained two-dimensional conductive polymer solar light absorber as a substrate, and repeating the steps of polymerization and drying on the substrate one or more times, thereby obtaining a multilayer two-dimensional conductive polymer solar light absorber. More preferably, the multilayer two-dimensional conductive polymeric solar light absorber is 2-9 layers, for example 4 layers.
Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing feature sizes, quantities, and physical and chemical characteristics used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term "about". Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the foregoing specification and attached claims are approximations that can be suitably varied by those skilled in the art in seeking to obtain the desired properties utilizing the teachings disclosed herein. The use of numerical ranges by endpoints includes all numbers within that range and any range within that range, for example, 1 to 5 includes 1, 1.1, 1.3, 1.5, 2, 2.75, 3, 3.80, 4, and 5, and the like.
Examples
The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. It should be noted that the description and examples are intended to facilitate the understanding of the invention, and are not intended to limit the invention. The scope of the invention is to be determined by the claims appended hereto.
In the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the carriers and reagents employed are all commercially available products and are used directly without further purification treatment.
Test method
In the present disclosure, various properties of the two-dimensional conductive polymers obtained in the following examples were tested. Specific test methods are described below.
Solar spectrum absorption test method
The two-dimensional conductive polymer obtained in the example of the present invention was tested for transmittance and reflectance in the surface solar radiation spectrum range (295-.
Photo-thermal temperature rise and water vapor evaporation test method
The two-dimensional conductive polymer obtained in the example according to the present invention was floated in a beaker containing water. The power of the simulation is 1000W/m by using a solar simulator (manufacturer Newport, model 94063A)2The sunlight of (1). The temperature and total mass changes of the test system were recorded over 1h with an infrared camera (manufacturer ICI, model 7320) and an electronic balance (manufacturer aohaus, model SE-SE402F), respectively.
As used herein, "evaporation efficiency" refers to the amount of water vapor evaporated per unit time multiplied by the corresponding sensible heat (4.2J gK)-1) And enthalpy of phase change (2256J g)-1) The ratio of the latter product to the intensity of the incident sunlight.
Flexibility and stability testing method
The two-dimensional conductive polymer obtained in the example of the present invention was manually folded and kneaded for about 1000 times of bending and kneading experiments, and the changes in temperature and total mass during bending and kneading were recorded by the above-described photothermal heating and water vapor evaporation test methods.
Seawater desalination experimental method
The two-dimensional conductive polymer obtained in the example according to the present invention was floated in a beaker containing seawater. By the photo-thermal temperature rise and water vapor evaporation test method, water condensed on the surface is collected by a clean quartz plate. The ion content or concentration in the original seawater and condensed water was tested by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (manufactured by Perkin Elmer, model Optima 7300 DV).
Experimental method for sewage treatment
The two-dimensional conductive polymer obtained in the example according to the present invention was floated in a beaker containing an aqueous solution containing methyl orange or methylene blue (serving as a contaminant). And collecting the condensed water on the surface by using a clean quartz plate through a photo-thermal temperature rise and water vapor evaporation test method. The absorption spectra of the aqueous solution originally containing methyl orange or methylene blue and condensed water were measured by an ultraviolet visible near-infrared spectrophotometer (Shimadzu corporation, model UV-3600).
Example 1
In a 50ml beaker, a 120mg/ml aqueous solution of ammonium persulfate was prepared by dissolving 1.2g of ammonium persulfate (purchased from Aladdin) in 10ml of deionized water, and the resulting aqueous ammonium persulfate solution was dropped by pipette onto 5cm diameter dust-free paper (0609D dust-free paper) until the entire dust-free paper was wetted with the aqueous ammonium persulfate solution.
The wetted dust-free paper was then laid flat on a smooth, flat ice surface and the polymerisation was carried out by dropping pyrrole (from alatin) drop by pipette onto the dust-free paper, the surface of which became black (i.e. covered with a black layer) after 1min, indicating the completion of the polymerisation.
Taking off the dust-free paper coated with the black layer from the ice block by using tweezers or hands, washing the dust-free paper twice by using deionized water, and drying the washed dust-free paper by using a blower to obtain the 1-layer two-dimensional conductive polymer sunlight absorber (1-layer polymer for short) of the invention.
Examples 2 to 5
An experiment was performed in a similar manner to example 1, except that 1 layer of the two-dimensional conductive polymer solar light absorber obtained by drying in example 1 was used as a substrate on which the polymerization and drying steps of example 1 were repeated 1, 3, 4, and 6 times, respectively, to obtain 2, 4, 5, and 7 layers of two-dimensional conductive polymer solar light absorbers (simply referred to as 2-layer high molecules, 4-layer high molecules, 5-layer high molecules, and 7-layer high molecules, respectively).
Test example 1
Each of the two-dimensional conductive polymer solar light absorbers and the dust-free paper prepared in examples 1-5 above were tested separately according to the solar spectrum absorption test method described above. FIG. 1a shows a graph of the light transmittance of single-layer or multi-layer two-dimensional conductive polymer solar light absorbers prepared according to examples 1-5 of the present invention in the surface solar radiation spectral range (295-2500nm) with dust-free paper as a control; FIG. 1b shows a graph of the light reflectance of single-layer or multi-layer two-dimensional conductive polymer solar absorbers prepared according to examples 1-5 of the present invention in the terrestrial solar radiation spectral range (295-2500nm) with dust-free paper as a control. As can be seen from fig. 1a and 1b, the two-dimensional conductive polymer solar light absorber obtained according to the present invention has significantly reduced transmission and reflection of solar light compared to dust-free paper, and the transmission and reflection of solar light are reduced with the number of layers increased, i.e., the absorption is increased, and the maximum absorption rate is close to 100%, demonstrating its excellent solar light trapping ability.
Test example 2
Each of the two-dimensional conductive polymer solar absorbers and the dust-free paper prepared in examples 1-5 above were tested separately according to the photothermal temperature increase and water vapor evaporation test methods described above. FIG. 2a shows single-or multilayer two-dimensional conductive polymeric solar absorbers prepared according to examples 1 to 5 of the present invention and a dust-free paper in a test water vapor evaporation test at 1000W/m within 1 hour2Graph of temperature rise under solar irradiation, wherein dust-free paper andand (6) comparison. As can be seen from fig. 2a, the two-dimensional conductive polymer solar light absorber obtained according to the present invention has a significant temperature increase relative to the dust-free paper, and the temperature increase gradually increases with the increase of the number of layers of the two-dimensional conductive polymer solar light absorber, and reaches a maximum when the number of layers of the two-dimensional conductive polymer solar light absorber is 4. FIG. 2b shows single-or multilayer two-dimensional conductive polymeric solar absorbers prepared according to examples 1-5 of the present invention at 1000W/m in 1 hour in a test water vapor evaporation experiment2Graph of water evaporation rate under solar irradiation and corresponding water vapor evaporation efficiency with a dust-free paper as a control. As can be seen from fig. 2b, the two-dimensional conductive polymer solar light absorber has excellent water vapor evaporation capacity and evaporation efficiency, and the evaporation efficiency is the highest when the number of layers of the two-dimensional conductive polymer solar light absorber is 4, and exceeds 90%. These results confirm that the two-dimensional conductive polymer solar light absorbers with different layers prepared according to the method of the present invention have excellent photo-thermal conversion ability and water vapor evaporation ability.
Test example 3
The 4-layer two-dimensional conductive polymer solar absorber prepared in example 3 was tested according to the flexibility and stability test methods described above. FIG. 3a is a schematic diagram showing the bending and kneading and releasing processes of a 4-layer two-dimensional conductive polymer solar light absorber prepared according to example 3 of the present invention in a flexibility test experiment; fig. 3b shows a graph of the temperature rise and water evaporation amount variation results after bending and releasing 0 to 1000 times for the 4-layer two-dimensional conductive polymer solar light absorber prepared according to example 3 of the present invention; fig. 3c shows a graph of the temperature increase and water evaporation amount variation results after 0 to 1000 kneads and releases of the 4-layer two-dimensional conductive polymer solar light absorber prepared according to example 3 of the present invention. As can be seen from fig. 3b and 3c, the performance of the two-dimensional conductive polymer solar light absorber prepared according to the method of the present invention was substantially maintained at the initial level after 1000 times of bending or kneading, demonstrating the flexibility of the structure and the stability of the performance.
Test example 4
Fig. 4a shows a bar graph of the change of the concentration of main ions in seawater before and after desalination of seawater by using the 4-layer two-dimensional conductive polymer solar absorber prepared in example 3 of the present invention in a test seawater desalination experiment, it can be seen from fig. 4a that the ion content in the condensed water after desalination treatment using the two-dimensional conductive polymer solar absorber prepared by the method of the present invention is maintained at an extremely low level, which is much lower than the ion content (1-500 mg/L) after conventional membrane separation and distillation, fig. 4b shows the absorption values of two types of wastewater (methyl orange and methylene blue) before treatment in a test wastewater treatment experiment and the absorption values of condensed water obtained after treatment using the 4-layer two-dimensional conductive polymer solar absorber prepared according to example 3 of the present invention, it can be seen from fig. 4b that, compared to the strong absorption peaks of an aqueous solution containing methyl orange and methylene blue, the absorption values of the two-dimensional conductive polymer solar absorber prepared by using the method of the present invention are substantially zero, and the seawater absorption values of the condensed water obtained after treatment are substantially zero as the seawater absorption peaks and the seawater absorption of the condensed water obtained by using the two-treated by the present invention, and the seawater absorption peaks are substantially zero.
Example 6
In a 500ml beaker, a mixed solution of ferric chloride hydrochloric acid was obtained by dissolving 1.2g of ferric chloride powder (purchased from alatin corporation) in 10ml of hydrochloric acid (purchased from national reagent company; concentration 36%), and the obtained mixed solution was dropped by a pipette onto qualitative filter paper (purchased from national reagent company) having a diameter of 5cm until the entire qualitative filter paper was wetted with the mixed solution.
The moistened qualitative filter paper was then laid flat on the surface of a smooth, even ice block, and then pyrrole (from alatin) was added dropwise to the qualitative filter paper by pipette to effect polymerization, after 2min the surface of the qualitative filter paper became black (i.e. covered with a black layer) to indicate the completion of the polymerization.
And taking the qualitative filter paper coated with the black layer off the ice block by using tweezers or hands, washing the qualitative filter paper twice by using deionized water, and drying the qualitative filter paper by using a blower to obtain the 1-layer two-dimensional conductive polymer solar light absorber (referred to as 1-layer polymer for short) provided by the invention.
Examples 7 to 10
An experiment was performed in a similar manner to example 6, except that 1 layer of the two-dimensional conductive polymer solar light absorber obtained by drying in example 6 was used as a substrate on which the polymerization and drying steps of example 6 were repeated 1, 3, 4, and 6 times, respectively, to obtain 2, 4, 5, and 7 layers of two-dimensional conductive polymer solar light absorbers (simply referred to as 2-layer high molecules, 4-layer high molecules, 5-layer high molecules, and 7-layer high molecules, respectively).
The same tests as in test examples 1 to 4 above were carried out on the polymers obtained in examples 6 to 10 above, respectively, and the same or similar results as those of the polymers obtained in examples 1 to 5 above were obtained, indicating that the polymers prepared according to the method of the present invention have not only excellent sunlight capturing ability, excellent photothermal conversion ability and water vapor evaporation ability, but also excellent stability and flexibility, and have excellent seawater desalination and wastewater treatment capabilities.
Although specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that a variety of alternate and/or equivalent implementations may be substituted for the specific embodiments shown and described without departing from the scope of the present invention. This application is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of the specific embodiments discussed in the present disclosure. Accordingly, it is intended that this invention be limited only by the claims and the equivalents thereof.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the invention. Such modifications and variations are intended to fall within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method of making a two-dimensional electrically conductive polymeric solar light absorber for solar water vapor evaporation, the method comprising: polymerizing pyrrole on a porous sheet-shaped carrier in the presence of an oxidant and a solvent or in the presence of a solution formed by the oxidant and the solvent at a temperature of-5 ℃ to 5 ℃, and then drying, thereby forming the required two-dimensional conductive polymer solar light absorber.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the polymerization is carried out by loading the oxidizing agent and the solvent or a solution of the oxidizing agent and the solvent onto the porous sheet-like support and then dropping pyrrole onto the porous sheet-like support.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxidant is selected from one or more of ammonium persulfate and ferric chloride.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the solvent is selected from one or more of water, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the porous sheet-like support is selected from one or more of a paper-based sheet, a woven sheet, a non-woven sheet, and a porous polymeric sheet.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the paper-based sheet is one or more of a non-dusting paper, a cotton tissue, and a qualitative filter paper.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymerization reaction is carried out for 1 to 5 minutes.
8. The method of claim 1, further comprising: and (3) taking the obtained two-dimensional conductive polymer solar light absorber as a substrate, and repeating the steps of polymerization reaction and drying on the substrate for one or more times, thereby obtaining the multilayer two-dimensional conductive polymer solar light absorber.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the multilayer two-dimensional conductive polymeric solar light absorber comprises 2-9 layers.
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