CN108666768B - Self-adaptive radiation unit with multi-phase center and array antenna - Google Patents
Self-adaptive radiation unit with multi-phase center and array antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN108666768B CN108666768B CN201810467520.1A CN201810467520A CN108666768B CN 108666768 B CN108666768 B CN 108666768B CN 201810467520 A CN201810467520 A CN 201810467520A CN 108666768 B CN108666768 B CN 108666768B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/2605—Array of radiating elements provided with a feedback control over the element weights, e.g. adaptive arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
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Abstract
The invention discloses a self-adaptive radiation unit with multiphase centers and an array antenna, wherein the self-adaptive radiation unit comprises a dielectric substrate, a lower surface metal layer of the dielectric substrate and two rectangular metal patches of an upper surface printed circuit, the two rectangular metal patches are respectively connected with the lower surface metal layer through grounding metalized through holes, the two rectangular metal patches are respectively connected with a feed port, the feed port is connected with a phase shifter, the self-adaptive radiation unit is provided with the multiphase centers, the feed phases of the phase centers are variable, and the radiation pattern of the self-adaptive radiation unit is changed by changing the phase relationship among the phase centers. A plurality of self-adaptive radiating units of the array antenna are connected with each other, and adjacent ports of adjacent self-adaptive radiating units share one phase shifter; the directional direction of the unit directional diagram automatically deflects along with the directional direction of the array factor, and the deflection of the unit beam along with the array scanning angle and the large-angle scanning of the array are realized under the condition of not increasing the number of phase shifters of the traditional array antenna and the complexity of a feed circuit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an array antenna technology for realizing large-angle scanning, in particular to a self-adaptive radiation unit with a multi-phase center and an array antenna.
Background
The beam scanning range of the Phased Array Antenna is an important index of the Phased Array Antenna, and for the conventional planar Phased Array Antenna, the effective scanning angle is usually not more than ± 40 degrees due to the reduction of the aperture projection area of the Array during large-angle scanning and the influence of mismatch of the active impedance of the unit (Mailloux r.j., phase Array Antenna Handbook, arm House, 1994). The scanning angle of a planar phased array antenna limits its range of application.
In recent years, a series of studies have been made by domestic and foreign scholars to expand the scanning range of beam scanning arrays, wherein one idea is to increase the gain of the unit at a low elevation angle by deflecting the unit beams.
In 2008, Toshev A G published a paper on Transactions on Antennas & Propagation of IEEE ("Multipanel concentrate for Wide-Angle Scanning of Phased Array Antennas". IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation,2008,56(10): 3330) 3333). It is proposed that a beam scanning range of ± 75 ° can be achieved by effecting a change in the beam pointing direction of the elements by means of terminating the driving means at the rear end of each element. But the change of the main radiation direction of the single array element is restricted by the mechanical rotation rate and inertia.
With the development of microwave pin switches, researchers at home and abroad begin to research various reconfigurable antennas based on microwave switches. In 2011, Ding X et al published "studies on the wide-angle scanning of millimeter wave array Antennas" on transformations on Antennas & Propagation in IEEE "(Ding X, Wang B Z, He G Q." Research on a millimeter-wave phased array with a wide-angle scanning performance ". IEEE transformations on Antennas and Propagation,2013,61(10): 5319) 5324.). A one-dimensional phased array is provided, which is composed of antenna units with reconfigurable radiation patterns, wherein each antenna unit has three reconfigurable radiation modes, and half-power beam coverage can be realized in a scanning range of +/-75 degrees. However, since a single antenna element is composed of three patches, the element size is large, the spacing between the array antenna elements is 1.18 λ, their corresponding side lobes are high, and grating lobes occur. Meanwhile, this structure requires an additional control circuit to switch different radiation patterns of each antenna element.
In 2016, "Wide Angle Scanning Array of Pattern-based Reconfigurable Magnetic flow cells" was published by Ding X in the transformations on Antennas & Propagation of IEEE (Ding X, Cheng Y F, Shao W, et al. A Wide-Angle Scanning Planar Array with a Pattern Reconfigurable Magnetic Current Element [ J ]. IEEE transformations on Antennas & Propagation,2016, PP (99): 1-1.). In this document, the principle of the slot antenna is combined with that of the yagi antenna, the slot in the radiating element includes a driving item and a parasitic item, and the parasitic part is electrically tuned by the switch, so that the element beam is reconfigurable. Such switch-based designs still do not avoid complex control circuits.
The above documents indicate that, at present, beam deflection antennas based on a mechanical rotation radiation unit are limited by mechanical rotation rate and inertia, whereas unit beam reconfigurable antennas based on microwave switches all require complex control circuits to control the on/off of each switch, and because the main principle of reconfiguration is to use different parts of an antenna unit for radiation, there is a problem of large antenna size.
At present, no report on the design of an antenna unit which can be used for large-angle scanning and does not adopt an additional structure under the condition of not increasing the complexity of the original structure of the planar array antenna is available.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an adaptive radiating unit with a multi-phase center and an array antenna.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses a self-adaptive radiation unit with a multi-phase center, which comprises a dielectric substrate, a lower surface metal layer and an upper surface printed circuit, wherein the printed circuit comprises two rectangular metal patches which are respectively connected with the lower surface metal layer through grounding metalized through holes, the two rectangular metal patches are respectively connected with a feed port, and the feed port is connected with a phase shifter;
the self-adaptive radiation unit is provided with a plurality of phase centers, the feeding phase of each phase center is variable, and the radiation pattern of the self-adaptive radiation unit is changed by changing the phase relation among the phase centers.
The array antenna comprises a plurality of the self-adaptive radiation units with multi-phase centers, wherein the self-adaptive radiation units are connected with each other, and adjacent ports of adjacent self-adaptive radiation units share one phase shifter;
the change rule of the radiation beam of the self-adaptive radiation unit along with the phase difference of the feed of each phase center is consistent with the change rule of the scanning angle of the array antenna along with the phase difference of the feed of the array;
the beam deflection of the adaptive radiating elements is controlled by the array feed phase difference.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the self-adaptive radiation unit with the multi-phase center and the array antenna have the advantages that the directional direction of the unit directional diagram automatically deflects along with the directional direction of the array factor, and the deflection of the unit beam along with the array scanning angle and the large-angle scanning of the array are realized under the condition that the number of phase shifters of the traditional array antenna and the complexity of a feed circuit are not increased.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an adaptive radiation unit with a multi-phase center according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an array structure composed of adaptive radiating elements with multiple phase centers according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall structure of an adaptive radiation unit with a multi-phase center according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic side view of an adaptive radiating element with a multi-phase center according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic top view of an adaptive radiation unit structure with a multi-phase center according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a return loss plot of a dual port corresponding to an adaptive radiating element with a multi-phase center according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a two-dimensional radiation pattern of an adaptive radiating element with a multi-phase center according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a structure diagram of a feed structure of an array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a large angle scanning pattern of the array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below. Details which are not described in detail in the embodiments of the invention belong to the prior art which is known to the person skilled in the art.
The preferred embodiment of the adaptive radiation unit and the array antenna with multi-phase center of the present invention is as follows:
the self-adaptive radiation unit with the multiphase center comprises a dielectric substrate, a lower surface metal layer and an upper surface printed circuit, wherein the printed circuit comprises two rectangular metal patches which are respectively connected with the lower surface metal layer through grounding metalized through holes, the two rectangular metal patches are respectively connected with a feed port, and the feed port is connected with a phase shifter;
the self-adaptive radiation unit is provided with a plurality of phase centers, the feeding phase of each phase center is variable, and the radiation pattern of the self-adaptive radiation unit is changed by changing the phase relation among the phase centers.
The short circuit edge of one side of the rectangular metal patch is provided with a row of grounding metallized through holes, the feed port is arranged at the position of the rectangular metal patch deviated to the other side, a coaxial feed mode is adopted, the coaxial inner core is connected with the rectangular metal patch, and the coaxial outer wall is connected with the lower-layer metal floor.
The lower surface metal layer is made of metal conductor copper, the thickness of the lower surface metal layer is 0.018mm, and the size of the lower surface metal layer is 35mm multiplied by 35 mm;
the dielectric substrate is a square F4B dielectric plate with the dielectric constant of 3.5, the thickness is 0.8mm, and the size is 35mm multiplied by 35 mm;
the size of the rectangular metal patch is 3.95mm multiplied by 16 mm;
the inner walls of the grounding metalized through holes are metalized, the radius is 0.25mm, the height is 0.8mm, and the center distance of the holes is 0.85 mm;
the distance between the feed port and the central line of the rectangular metal patch is 1mm, and the interface impedance of coaxial feed is 50 omega;
the self-adaptive radiation unit is implemented in a 9.85-10.15GHz frequency band, and the central frequency point is 10 GHz.
The array antenna comprises a plurality of the self-adaptive radiating units with multi-phase centers, wherein the self-adaptive radiating units are connected with each other, and adjacent ports of adjacent self-adaptive radiating units share one phase shifter;
the change rule of the radiation beam of the self-adaptive radiation unit along with the phase difference of the feed of each phase center is consistent with the change rule of the scanning angle of the array antenna along with the phase difference of the feed of the array;
the beam deflection of the adaptive radiating elements is controlled by the array feed phase difference.
And the lower surface metal layers of the plurality of the self-adaptive radiating units are mutually connected to form the ground of the antenna.
The self-adaptive radiation unit with the multi-phase center and the corresponding ground plane phased array antenna can be used for large-angle scanning, and deflection of unit beams along with the array scanning angle and large-angle scanning of the array are realized under the condition that the number of phase shifters of the traditional array antenna and the complexity of a feed circuit are not increased.
Because the physical aperture of the planar phased array is fixed, the gain of the array is necessarily reduced along with the increase of the scanning angle when the array carries out beam scanning, the side lobe is increased, and the scanning angle is limited. Therefore, widening the 3dB beamwidth of the element antenna is the key to increasing the scan angle of the array antenna. The invention mainly improves the gain of the array antenna unit at a low elevation angle to realize large-angle scanning without increasing the complexity of the system.
The technical scheme and principle adopted by the invention are as follows:
first, to achieve a relatively high gain of the antenna element at low elevation angles, a design of the radiating element with a multi-phase center is made to achieve a deflection of the element pattern. The multi-phase center, mainly described herein for the case of the dual-phase center, is realized by the dual-feeding structure, and the continuous deflection of the radiation direction of the element beam (when connected to the digital phase shifter) can be realized by adjusting the phase difference between the two feeding points, as shown in fig. 1.
Secondly, in order to further realize that the radiation directional diagram of the multi-phase central antenna deflects along with the scanning angle of the array, namely, the radiation directional diagram is self-adapted, it needs to be ensured that the deflection rule of the unit directional diagram along with the multi-phase central feeding phase difference and the feeding rule of the array antenna scanning angle along with the feeding phase difference are kept consistent. Therefore, the deflection of the directional diagram of the array feed phase difference control unit realizes the self-adaptive radiation unit.
As shown in fig. 2, a schematic structural diagram of an array design based on an adaptive radiation unit with multiple phase centers is provided. Here, the adaptation is achieved by one of the two feeding points of the radiating element being directly connected to the phase shifter, while the other one shares the same phase shifter with the next element. Therefore, when the feed phase of the array is changed, the direction of the array factor is changed, the deflection of the directional diagram of the unit is realized, and when large-angle scanning is carried out, the gain at a low elevation angle is improved and the scanning angle is widened due to the deflection of the direction of the unit beam. Meanwhile, compared with the traditional array antenna, the structure does not increase the number of phase shifters and the complexity of feeding.
The invention firstly provides a concept of adjusting the feed phase difference of the multi-phase central unit to realize the deflection of unit beams, and is different from the traditional concept of realizing the deflection of the unit beams by a beam reconfigurable antenna based on a mechanical rotating unit and a microwave pin switch. Meanwhile, the principle of controlling the unit beam to deflect adaptively based on the array feed phase difference is provided for the first time, and the deflection rule of the unit beam along with the feed phase difference is kept consistent with the change rule of the array beam scanning direction along with the array feed phase difference, so that the purpose of controlling the unit beam deflection by the array feed phase difference is achieved, and the number of phase shifters is saved. Meanwhile, the phase-feeding network is compatible with the traditional phased array and the existing phased array phase-feeding network, and the traditional phased array and the existing phased array can be upgraded and modified on the premise of not changing the existing phase-feeding network.
The specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 to 9:
the adaptive radiating element with a multiphase center in this embodiment is fabricated on a double-layer printed circuit board, which is the most common dielectric-clad conductor plate and is formed by a layer of dielectric substrate. The lowest surface metal layer 4 is made of metal conductor copper, and the ground of the antenna is formed by the metal conductor copper, the thickness is 0.018mm, and the size is 35mm multiplied by 35 mm. The dielectric substrate 3 is a square F4B dielectric plate with a dielectric constant of 3.5, the thickness is 0.8mm, and the size is 35mm multiplied by 35 mm. The metal layers on the uppermost surface are a rectangular metal patch 1 and a rectangular metal patch 2 which are manufactured by adopting a printed circuit process, and the sizes of the metal layers are 3.95mm multiplied by 16 mm; a row of ground metallized through holes 5 (the inner wall of each hole is metallized, the radius is 0.25mm, the height is 0.8mm) are manufactured on the short circuit side of the rectangular patch, and the center distance of the holes is 0.85 mm. The feed ports 6 and 7 are respectively positioned at the eccentric side positions of the centers of the metal patches 1 and 2 and are 1mm away from the centers, a coaxial feed mode is adopted, the coaxial inner core is connected with the upper layer metal patch, the outer wall is connected with the lower layer metal floor, and the interface impedance is 50 omega.
This example is implemented in the 9.85-10.15GHz band, with a center frequency of 10 GHz.
FIG. 6 is a return loss chart of the embodiment, and it can be seen from the chart that the return loss is less than-10 dB in the frequency range of 9.85-10.15GHz, which shows the resonance characteristic.
Fig. 7 is a two-dimensional radiation pattern of this embodiment, and it can be seen from the figure that, when the feeding phase difference of the two ports is 0 ° when operating at 10GHz, the pattern points to the zenith direction; and when the feeding phase difference of the two ports is not zero and gradually changes from 90 degrees to 150 degrees (-90 degrees is gradually changed to-150 degrees), the directional diagram of the unit gradually deflects towards the-theta (+ theta) direction, and the gain of the antenna unit at a low elevation angle is improved.
Fig. 8 is a structure diagram of a feed structure of a 1 × 7 array antenna in this embodiment, which is to first divide the antenna into one and eight power dividers, then shift the phases of the eight paths, further divide the eight paths after phase shifting into sixteen paths, perform 50 Ω matching on two paths at two ends, and connect the remaining fourteen paths to fourteen ports of seven antenna elements.
Fig. 9 is a large-angle scanning directional diagram of the 1 × 7 array antenna of this embodiment, and it can be seen from the diagram that when the beam is pointed at 0 °, the gain is 14.7 dB; when the beam points to +/-30 degrees, the gain is 13.7 dB; when the wave beam points to +/-60 degrees, the gain is 12.8 dB; when the beam is pointed at 73 deg., the gain is 11.9 dB.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (2)
1. An array antenna, characterized in that the array antenna comprises a plurality of adaptive radiating elements with multiphase centers;
the self-adaptive radiation unit with the multiphase center comprises a dielectric substrate, a lower surface metal layer and an upper surface printed circuit, wherein the printed circuit comprises two rectangular metal patches which are respectively connected with the lower surface metal layer through grounding metalized through holes, the two rectangular metal patches are respectively connected with a feed port, and the feed port is connected with a phase shifter;
the self-adaptive radiation unit is provided with a plurality of phase centers, the feeding phase of each phase center is variable, and the radiation pattern of the self-adaptive radiation unit is changed by changing the phase relation among the phase centers;
a row of grounding metallized through holes are formed in the short-circuit edge on one side of the rectangular metal patch, the feed port is arranged at the position, which is deviated to the other side, of the rectangular metal patch, a coaxial feed mode is adopted, the coaxial inner core is connected with the rectangular metal patch, the coaxial outer wall is connected with the lower surface metal layer, and the lower surface metal layer forms the ground of the antenna;
the plurality of adaptive radiation units with multi-phase centers are connected with each other, and adjacent ports of adjacent adaptive radiation units share one phase shifter;
the change rule of the radiation beam of the self-adaptive radiation unit along with the phase difference of the feed of each phase center is consistent with the change rule of the scanning angle of the array antenna along with the phase difference of the feed of the array;
the beam deflection of the adaptive radiation unit is controlled by the array feed phase difference;
and the lower surface metal layers of the plurality of the self-adaptive radiating units are mutually connected to form the ground of the antenna.
2. The array antenna of claim 1, wherein the lower surface metal layer is a copper metal conductor, having a thickness of 0.018mm and a size of 35mm x 35 mm;
the dielectric substrate is a square F4B dielectric plate with the dielectric constant of 3.5, the thickness is 0.8mm, and the size is 35mm multiplied by 35 mm;
the size of the rectangular metal patch is 3.95mm multiplied by 16 mm;
the inner walls of the grounding metalized through holes are metalized, the radius is 0.25mm, the height is 0.8mm, and the center distance of the holes is 0.85 mm;
the distance between the feed port and the central line of the rectangular metal patch is 1mm, and the interface impedance of coaxial feed is 50 omega;
the self-adaptive radiation unit is implemented in a 9.85-10.15GHz frequency band, and the central frequency point is 10 GHz.
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| CN110061355A (en) * | 2019-02-25 | 2019-07-26 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | A kind of Arbitrary Waveform Generator and setting method based on super structure surface |
| CN110061362B (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2021-01-22 | 上海航天电子通讯设备研究所 | Active phased array antenna unit level internal monitoring device |
| CN112909495B (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2022-05-17 | 深圳市万普拉斯科技有限公司 | Mobile terminal and switching method of antenna system |
| CN111193107B (en) * | 2020-01-07 | 2022-08-26 | 中山大学 | End-fire folding slot antenna array |
| CN113690616B (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2023-11-28 | 北京道古视界科技有限公司 | Liquid crystal array antenna beam forming and controlling method based on phase decomposition |
| CN115441910A (en) * | 2021-06-01 | 2022-12-06 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Antenna, antenna control method, and storage medium |
| CN114865312B (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2024-05-24 | 南通至晟微电子技术有限公司 | Self-decoupling patch antenna |
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