CN108663573A - Method for measuring tower impulse grounding resistance - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
- G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
- G01R27/20—Measuring earth resistance; Measuring contact resistance, e.g. of earth connections, e.g. plates
- G01R27/205—Measuring contact resistance of connections, e.g. of earth connections
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pole tower impulse grounding resistance measuring method, and relates to the technical field of lightning protection grounding of transmission line poles and towers, so that the measuring requirements of precision and simplicity are ensured at the same time. The pole tower impulse grounding resistance measuring method comprises the following steps: under the condition of a laboratory, obtaining experimental change curves of impact grounding resistances of a tower grounding body under different soil resistivities under different real impact current amplitudes; under the real use condition, obtaining the real change curve of the impulse grounding resistance of the tower grounding body under different small current amplitudes; obtaining an experimental variation curve most consistent with the real variation curve; and correcting the impact grounding resistance value on the most consistent experimental change curve to obtain the impact grounding resistance value of the tower grounding body under the real impact current amplitude under the real use condition. The method is used for measuring the tower impulse grounding resistance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electric power line pole tower Lightning protection fields more particularly to a kind of Tower Impulse Grounding Resistance to survey
Amount method.
Background technology
In electric system, ground connection is directly related to the major issue of the person and equipment safety.Electric power line pole tower
Ground connection is the important measures for reducing the overvoltage generated when lightning stroke shaft tower and threatening railway superstructures, and the impulse earthed resistance of shaft tower
Size directly affects line lightning resisting level, and line lightning resisting level can be significantly improved by reducing impulse earthed resistance value, so to ensure
Transmission line safety is run, and the accurate lower Tower Impulse Grounding Resistance value of measurement lightning current effect is most important.
The lower impact characteristics of shaft tower earthing or grounding means of lightning current effect and the power frequency characteristic of earthing or grounding means have prodigious difference, existing
Some electric power line pole tower earthing or grounding means mostly use greatly China《The ground connection of alternating-current electric device》(DL/T621-1997) finger in
It leads principle design, construction and examines, the measured result satisfaction for electric power line pole tower earthing or grounding means power-frequency earthing impedance often occur is wanted
It asks, and the case where transmission line of electricity still trips after being struck by lightning.Therefore it needs to propose accurate electric power line pole tower earthing or grounding means punching
Ground resistance measurement method is hit, to carry out scientific and reasonable inspection in engineering to tower grounding device.
Patent application (publication number CN105098391A) proposes a kind of 500kV electric power line pole towers grounding body and its impact
The evaluation method of ground resistance.Modeling and simulating, meter are carried out by CDEGS pairs of typical case's 500kV tower grounding body of simulation software
When calculation standard lightning current is acted on grounding body, the letter between impulse earthed resistance and soil resistivity and grounding body ray length
Number relationship estimates impulse earthed resistance value of the practical grounding body under specific soil resistivity and ray length according to the function.
Core function relationship in this method is obtained by emulating, and can not accurately be considered the spark effect of soil under dash current, be used
Error is larger in Practical Project.
Patent application (publication number CN105116230A) proposes a kind of multi-frequency measurement in a closed series earthing or grounding means impulse grounding
The method of resistance obtains lightning current spectrum expression formula, using three poles by carrying out Fourier transformation to lightning current waveform expression formula
Method measures the voltage responsive of each grounded at fre device, and the lightning impulse response voltage that earthing or grounding means is obtained after cumulative summation is close
Like expression formula to calculate ground resistance.This method is with the time and effort consuming that gets up, in order to ensure enough precision need to measure
The voltage responsive of hundreds of grounded at fre devices.
In conclusion existing various Tower Impulse Grounding Resistance measurement methods, cannot ensure precision and simplicity simultaneously
Requirement.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of Tower Impulse Grounding Resistance measurement methods, are more easily surveyed for more acurrate
The impulse earthed resistance of gauge rod tower.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention provides the following technical solutions：
A kind of Tower Impulse Grounding Resistance measurement method, including：
Step 1, in laboratory conditions obtains impulse grounding of the tower grounding body under a variety of different soil resistivities
Experiment change curve of the resistance under different real impact current amplitudes；
Step 2, under true use condition, obtain tower grounding body impulse earthed resistance under different low current amplitudes
Real change curve, the amplitude of the low current is less than the amplitude of the real impact electric current；
Step 3 compares the real change curve and whole experiment change curves, obtains and described true
Change curve experiment change curve the most identical；
Step 4 is modified the impulse earthed resistance value on the experiment change curve the most identical, obtains true
Under real use condition, impulse earthed resistance value of the tower grounding body under real impact current amplitude.
In above-mentioned Tower Impulse Grounding Resistance measurement method, the step 1 includes：
Step 11, to the real structure and size of tower grounding body carry out it is equivalent diminution obtain the contracting of the tower grounding body
Compare model；
Step 12, the diminution ratio according to the scale model carry out equivalent diminution to the real impact current amplitude,
Obtain equivalent real impact electric current；
Step 13, in laboratory conditions, and measure rushing for the scale model under a variety of different soil resistivities
Hit equivalence changes curve of the ground resistance under different equivalent real impact current amplitude；
Step 14, the diminution ratio according to the scale model carry out equivalent amplification to the equivalence changes curve, obtain
In laboratory conditions, impulse earthed resistance of the tower grounding body under a variety of different soil resistivities is in different real impacts
Experiment change curve under current amplitude.
In specific experiment, the maximum amplitude of the equivalent real impact electric current is 1KA, equivalent real impact electricity
Stream amplitude is 100KA；The waveform of the equivalent real impact electric current is 0.12/5us, the wave of the equivalent real impact electric current
Shape is 1.2/50us.
In above-mentioned Tower Impulse Grounding Resistance measurement method, the step 2 is specially：Under true use condition, make
It is measured with three electrode method, it is bent to obtain real change of the impulse earthed resistance of tower grounding body under different low current amplitudes
Line.
In above-mentioned Tower Impulse Grounding Resistance measurement method, the step 3 includes：
Step 31 compares experiment change curve described in the real change curve and each, calculates each to phase
The difference of resistance value R and the resistance value r on the experiment change curve under induced current amplitude on the real change curve, obtain
Data queue (R1-r1), (R2-r2) ... (Rn-rn) to resistance value difference, n is natural number；
Step 32, foundation formulaTo the number
Standard deviation is sought according to the resistance value difference in queue；
Experiment change curve corresponding to standard deviation reckling is determined as with the real change curve most by step 33
For identical experiment change curve.
Specifically, each pair of corresponding current amplitude includes a mutual corresponding real impact current amplitude and a small electricity
Amplitude is flowed, the real impact current amplitude in each pair of corresponding current amplitude is identical as the ratio of low current amplitude.
In above-mentioned Tower Impulse Grounding Resistance measurement method, the step 4 includes：
Step 41, according to formula E=[(R1-r1)+(R2-r2)+(R3-r3)+... (Rn-rn)]/n, to the data team
Resistance value difference in row is averaged；
Step 42, foundation formula R '=r+E, obtain under true use condition, the tower grounding body is in real impact
Impulse earthed resistance value under current amplitude；
The R is the impulse earthed resistance value on the real change curve, and the r is that the experiment the most identical becomes
Change the impulse earthed resistance value on curve.
In Tower Impulse Grounding Resistance measurement method provided by the invention, first in laboratory conditions, obtains shaft tower and connect
Experiment variation of impulse earthed resistance of the ground body under a variety of different soil resistivities under different real impact current amplitudes
Curve constructs true soil environment using laboratory condition, impact that can be by the spark effect of soil to tower grounding body
The influence of ground resistance is taken into account, and later under true use condition, obtains the impulse earthed resistance of tower grounding body not
The impact measured under laboratory condition is connect with the real change curve under low current amplitude, and according to the real change curve
Ground resistance value is modified, and is obtained under true use condition, tower grounding body the rushing under real impact current amplitude
Grounding resistance is hit, the accuracy of the impulse earthed resistance value obtained better than the method directly weighed with industrial frequency electric resistance and is imitated
The impulse earthed resistance being really calculated, simultaneous measuring apparatus require to reduce, and solving can not carry out under large inrush current effect
The problem of in-site measurement is carried out, while meeting the measurement request of precision and simplicity.
Description of the drawings
Attached drawing described herein is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, and constitutes the part of the present invention, this hair
Bright illustrative embodiments and their description are not constituted improper limitations of the present invention for explaining the present invention.In the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of Tower Impulse Grounding Resistance measurement method in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 a-2d are the schematic diagram for the tower grounding body Model that can be used in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is that square band ray is grounded the impulse earthed resistance of body Model (ray length 46cm) and the equivalent true punching
Hit the equivalence changes curve of relationship between current amplitude；
Fig. 4 is the Tower Impulse Grounding Resistance measurement method schematic diagram under true use condition；
Fig. 5 is the real change of impulse earthed resistance of the shaft tower grounding body under low current amplitude under true use condition
Curve.
Specific implementation mode
For ease of understanding, with reference to the accompanying drawings of the specification, Tower Impulse Grounding Resistance provided in an embodiment of the present invention is surveyed
Amount method is described in detail.
Referring to Fig. 1, Tower Impulse Grounding Resistance measurement method provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes：
Step 1, in laboratory conditions obtains impulse grounding of the tower grounding body under a variety of different soil resistivities
Experiment change curve of the resistance under different real impact current amplitudes；
Step 2, under true use condition, obtain tower grounding body impulse earthed resistance under different low current amplitudes
Real change curve, the amplitude of the low current is less than the amplitude of the real impact electric current；
Step 3 compares the real change curve and whole experiment change curves, obtains and described true
Change curve experiment change curve the most identical；
Step 4 is modified the impulse earthed resistance value on the experiment change curve the most identical, obtains true
Under real use condition, impulse earthed resistance value of the tower grounding body under real impact current amplitude.
In the above-described embodiments, first in laboratory conditions, tower grounding body is obtained in a variety of different electric resistances of soil
Experiment change curve of the impulse earthed resistance under different real impact current amplitudes under rate is constructed true using laboratory condition
Real soil environment, influence that can be by the spark effect of soil to the impulse earthed resistance of tower grounding body are taken into account, it
Afterwards under true use condition, it is bent to obtain real change of the impulse earthed resistance of tower grounding body under different low current amplitudes
Line, and the impulse earthed resistance value measured under laboratory condition is modified according to the real change curve, it obtains true
Under real use condition, impulse earthed resistance value of the tower grounding body under real impact current amplitude, what is obtained rushes
The accuracy for hitting grounding resistance is better than the impulse earthed resistance directly obtained with method and simulation calculation that industrial frequency electric resistance is weighed,
Simultaneous measuring apparatus requires to reduce, and solves the problems, such as that in-site measurement can not be carried out, while meeting the survey of precision and simplicity
Amount requires.
It should be noted that the step 1 and step 2 in above-described embodiment can not carry out in sequence, it can also be advanced
Row step 2, then carry out step 1.Shaft tower provided in an embodiment of the present invention impact is connect in the following, still following above-mentioned step sequence
Ground resistance measurement method is described in detail.
Step 1, in laboratory conditions obtains impulse grounding of the tower grounding body under a variety of different soil resistivities
Experiment change curve of the resistance under different real impact current amplitudes；The step 1 includes：
Step 11, to the real structure and size of tower grounding body carry out it is equivalent diminution obtain the contracting of the tower grounding body
Compare model；
For example, equivalent m times of conduct of diminution of the structure snd size of the common grounding body of shaft tower in Practical Project being used
The scale model of the tower grounding body.For example, this m times can be 10 times, or 5 times, other multiples such as 20 times.This reality
The structure snd size for applying the tower grounding body used in example can be form as shown in Figure 2 a-2d, naturally it is also possible to be other
Form.In the grounding body shown in Fig. 2 a-2d, the structure snd size of the grounding body are indicated using parameter a and l.
Step 12, the diminution ratio according to the scale model carry out equivalent diminution to the real impact current amplitude,
Obtain equivalent real impact electric current；
The equivalent real impact electric current under laboratory condition, the equivalent real impact are generated using impulse current generator
The maximum amplitude of electric current is 1KA, and the equivalent real impact current amplitude is 100KA；The equivalent real impact electric current
Waveform is 0.12/5us, and the waveform of the equivalent real impact electric current is 1.2/50us.
Step 13, in laboratory conditions, and measure rushing for the scale model under a variety of different soil resistivities
Hit equivalence changes curve of the ground resistance under different equivalent real impact current amplitude；
In laboratory conditions, adjust impulse current generator, make its generate equivalent real impact electric current amplitude by
Small to be obtained under different soil resistivities to big variation, the impulse earthed resistance of the scale model is with the equivalent true punching of impact
Hit the equivalence changes curve of current amplitude.True soil environment is constructed in laboratory condition, therefore during the test
The spark effect of soil under heavy current impact can be taken into account, improve the accuracy of measurement.
In this step, the experimental condition constructed is as follows：The ground connection sand basin of diameter 8m is built, sand basin soil resistivity can
It is directly tested using soil resistivity test device, pond is changed by soil type in change sand basin and surface uniform sprinkling
Middle soil resistivity；Grounding body buried depth is set as h=0.08m, to the corresponding practical buried depth for being 0.8m.By adjusting impact electricity
Flow-generator obtains a series of impulse current waveforms and impulse voltage response, described under each soil resistivity to calculate
The impulse earthed resistance of scale model with current amplitude changing rule.Fig. 3 be when soil resistivity is 120 Ω m, it is rectangular
The relationship of impulse earthed resistance with ray grounding body and the equivalent real impact current amplitude.
In this step, the current waveform of the equivalent real impact electric current passes through Pearson came (pearson) current coil
Acquisition, voltage waveform are acquired by divider.Current waveform and voltage waveform are shown by Tyke TDS3012C type two-channel digitals
Wave device shows and is connected to computer and preserved.
Step 14, the diminution ratio according to the scale model carry out equivalent amplification to the equivalence changes curve, obtain
In laboratory conditions, impulse earthed resistance of the tower grounding body under a variety of different soil resistivities is in different real impacts
Experiment change curve under current amplitude.
According to similarity principle, the equivalent real impact electric current i in the scale model test under laboratory condition1,
With the real impact electric current i2Proportionate relationship meet：
i2=m2i1... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... (formula 1)
In equation 1, the multiple for the equivalent diminution that m is introduced by step 11.
In scale model test in laboratory conditions, the equivalent real impact electric current i1Under ground connection impulse resistance
r1, with the real impact electric current i2Under ground connection impulse resistance r2Proportionate relationship meet：
In formula 2, the multiple for the equivalent diminution that m is introduced by step 11.
According to the proportionate relationship in formula 1 and formula 2, the equivalence changes curve obtained in step 13 is carried out equivalent
Amplification can obtain in laboratory conditions, and the tower grounding body with full-size(d) is under a variety of different soil resistivities
Experiment change curve of the impulse earthed resistance under different real impact current amplitudes.It can be by all experiment change curves
It is organized into diagram database, to carry out comparison lookup in subsequent step 3.
Step 2, under true use condition, obtain tower grounding body impulse earthed resistance under different low current amplitudes
Real change curve, the amplitude of the low current is less than the amplitude of the real impact electric current；
The concrete operation step of the step 2 is：It under true use condition, is measured using three electrode method, obtains bar
Real change curve of the impulse earthed resistance of tower grounding body under different low current amplitudes.
Fig. 4 is the measuring cell connection figure measured using three electrode method.As shown in figure 4, measuring section is 110kV single loop lines
The shaft tower of road 2.When being measured under true use condition, the low current is generated using small impingement current feedback circuit, is protected
It is 1.2/50 μ s to hold current waveform, changes impact amplitude, and it is (i.e. described in the dash current of low amplitude value to obtain practical tower grounding body
Low current) under with the increased real change curve of current amplitude.Fig. 5, which is the impulse earthed resistance of 110KV shaft towers, really to be made
Actual measured results under the conditions of.
In step 2, the amplitude of the low current is less than the amplitude of the real impact electric current, it might even be possible to be much small
In the amplitude of the real impact electric current.For example, in step 1, when measuring in laboratory conditions, the real impact
The amplitude maximum of electric current is up to 100KA；And in this step, when being measured under true use condition, the low current
Amplitude maximum is only up to 6A.
Step 3 compares the real change curve and whole experiment change curves, obtains and described true
Change curve experiment change curve the most identical；The step 3 includes：
Step 31 compares experiment change curve described in the real change curve and each, calculates each to phase
The difference of resistance value R and the resistance value r on the experiment change curve under induced current amplitude on the real change curve, obtain
Data queue (R1-r1), (R2-r2) ... (Rn-rn) to resistance value difference, n is natural number；
| Real impact electric current ＆ low currents | I1&i1 | I2&i2 | I3&i3 | …… | In&in |
| Impulse earthed resistance value under laboratory condition | r1 | r2 | r3 | …… | rn |
| Impulse earthed resistance value under true use condition | R1 | R2 | R3 | …… | Rn |
In above table, real impact electric current ＆ low currents are a pair of corresponding current amplitude.That is, each pair of phase induced current
Amplitude includes a mutual corresponding real impact current amplitude and a low current amplitude, true in each pair of corresponding current amplitude
Real dash current amplitude is identical as the ratio of low current amplitude.
Step 32, foundation formulaTo the number
Standard deviation is sought according to the resistance value difference in queue；
Experiment change curve corresponding to standard deviation reckling is determined as with the real change curve most by step 33
For identical experiment change curve.
Step 4 is modified the impulse earthed resistance value on the experiment change curve the most identical, obtains true
Under real use condition, impulse earthed resistance value of the tower grounding body under real impact current amplitude；Step 4 packet
It includes：
Step 41, according to formula E=[(R1-r1)+(R2-r2)+(R3-r3)+... (Rn-rn)]/n, to the data team
Resistance value difference in row is averaged；
Step 42, foundation formula R '=r+E, obtain under true use condition, the tower grounding body is in real impact
Impulse earthed resistance value under current amplitude；
The R is the impulse earthed resistance value on the real change curve, and the r is that the experiment the most identical becomes
Change the impulse earthed resistance value on curve.
In the description of the above embodiment, particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics can be at any one or more
It can be combined in any suitable manner in a embodiment or example.
The above description is merely a specific embodiment, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, any
Those familiar with the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, can easily think of the change or the replacement, and should all contain
Lid is within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the described claims.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of Tower Impulse Grounding Resistance measurement method, which is characterized in that including：
Step 1, in laboratory conditions obtains impulse earthed resistance of the tower grounding body under a variety of different soil resistivities
Experiment change curve under different real impact current amplitudes；
Step 2, under true use condition, obtain tower grounding body impulse earthed resistance it is true under different low current amplitudes
Real change curve, the amplitude of the low current are less than the amplitude of the real impact electric current；
Step 3 compares the real change curve and all experiment change curves, obtains and the real change
Curve experiment change curve the most identical；
Step 4 is modified the impulse earthed resistance value on the experiment change curve the most identical, and acquisition really makes
Under the conditions of, impulse earthed resistance value of the tower grounding body under real impact current amplitude.
2. Tower Impulse Grounding Resistance measurement method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 1 includes：
Step 11 carries out the real structure and size of tower grounding body equivalent reduce and obtains the contracting of the tower grounding body and compare mould
Type；
Step 12, the diminution ratio according to the scale model carry out equivalent diminution to the real impact current amplitude, obtain
Equivalent real impact electric current；
Step 13, in laboratory conditions, and the impact for measuring under a variety of different soil resistivities the scale model connects
Equivalence changes curve of the ground resistance under different equivalent real impact current amplitude；
Step 14, the diminution ratio according to the scale model carry out equivalent amplification to the equivalence changes curve, obtain in reality
It tests under the conditions of room, impulse earthed resistance of the tower grounding body under a variety of different soil resistivities is in different real impact electric currents
Experiment change curve under amplitude.
3. Tower Impulse Grounding Resistance measurement method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 2 is specially：
It under true use condition, is measured using three electrode method, obtains the impulse earthed resistance of tower grounding body different small
Real change curve under current amplitude.
4. Tower Impulse Grounding Resistance measurement method according to claim 2 or 3, which is characterized in that step 3 packet
It includes：
Step 31 compares experiment change curve described in the real change curve and each, calculates each to corresponding electricity
The difference for flowing the resistance value R and the resistance value r on the experiment change curve under amplitude on the real change curve, obtains electricity
The data queue (R1-r1) of resistance value difference, (R2-r2) ... (Rn-rn), n is natural number；
Step 32, foundation formulaTo the data team
Resistance value difference in row seeks standard deviation；
Experiment change curve corresponding to standard deviation reckling is determined as kissing the most with the real change curve by step 33
The experiment change curve of conjunction.
5. Tower Impulse Grounding Resistance measurement method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that each pair of corresponding current amplitude
Including a mutual corresponding real impact current amplitude and a low current amplitude, the true punching in each pair of corresponding current amplitude
It is identical as the ratio of low current amplitude to hit current amplitude.
6. Tower Impulse Grounding Resistance measurement method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the step 4 includes：
Step 41, according to formula E=[(R1-r1)+(R2-r2)+(R3-r3)+... (Rn-rn)]/n, in the data queue
Resistance value difference average；
Step 42, foundation formula R '=r+E, obtain under true use condition, the tower grounding body is in real impact electric current
Impulse earthed resistance value under amplitude；
The R is the impulse earthed resistance value on the real change curve, and the r is that the experiment variation the most identical is bent
Impulse earthed resistance value on line.
7. Tower Impulse Grounding Resistance measurement method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that
The maximum amplitude of the equivalent real impact electric current is 1KA, and the equivalent real impact current amplitude is 100KA；
The waveform of the equivalent real impact electric current is 0.12/5us, and the waveform of the equivalent real impact electric current is 1.2/
50us。
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| CN112213564A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2021-01-12 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | Railway soil resistivity measurement method |
| CN112924758A (en) * | 2021-01-19 | 2021-06-08 | 重庆大学 | Impulse grounding resistance measurement method based on pilot frequency impedance |
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| CN103293419A (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2013-09-11 | 华南理工大学 | Evaluation method of grounding device impact performance |
| CN205656242U (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2016-10-19 | 武汉大学 | Tower impulse grounding resistance measuring instrument with spark effect correction function |
| CN106093589A (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2016-11-09 | 国网重庆市电力公司南岸供电分公司 | A kind of pole tower ground resistance Accurate measurement and device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103293419A (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2013-09-11 | 华南理工大学 | Evaluation method of grounding device impact performance |
| CN205656242U (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2016-10-19 | 武汉大学 | Tower impulse grounding resistance measuring instrument with spark effect correction function |
| CN106093589A (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2016-11-09 | 国网重庆市电力公司南岸供电分公司 | A kind of pole tower ground resistance Accurate measurement and device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110320398A (en) * | 2019-07-02 | 2019-10-11 | 国网四川省电力公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of test macro and measurement method of tower grounding pole impact effective length |
| CN112213564A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2021-01-12 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | Railway soil resistivity measurement method |
| CN112213564B (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2021-09-03 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | Railway soil resistivity measurement method |
| CN112924758A (en) * | 2021-01-19 | 2021-06-08 | 重庆大学 | Impulse grounding resistance measurement method based on pilot frequency impedance |
| CN112924758B (en) * | 2021-01-19 | 2023-08-11 | 重庆大学 | Different-frequency impedance-based impact grounding resistance measurement method |
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