CN108660758A - 一种纳米自清洁整理剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种纳米自清洁整理剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:取柳树木木粉制得纳米纤维素晶;取氧化石墨烯水溶液,纳米纤维素晶水分散液和维生素C混合均匀,倒入模具中密封加热反应,冷却;用去离子水和乙醇浸泡后倒出,干燥得杂化气凝胶;将四氯化钛滴加到含有尿素和硝酸的乙醇溶液中,置于冰水浴中搅拌,移入反应釜中,置于烘箱中反应;冷却至室温,分别用乙醇和蒸馏水离心,干燥;加杂化气凝胶、纳米氧化钐、分散剂、肉桂精油微球、水性聚氨酯和蒸馏水,混合均匀后剪切;超声即得。本方法所制备的纳米自清洁整理剂能够使织物具有非常好的光催化性能的油污自清洁效果,经向断裂强力没有无明显变化;同时具有较好的防紫外线效果和抗菌性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种纳米自清洁整理剂的制备方法。
背景技术
随着全球经济的飞快发展,环境污染也日益严重,从而导致室内空气质量变差;臭氧层的破坏,导致皮肤癌患者逐年增多;同时纺织品易受环境中的污物所污染,成为各种细菌繁殖的场所,每年有大批量的纺织品因发霉而废弃,所以人们对纺织品的功能需求不仅仅停留在最基本的性能上,研究开发具有自清洁、抗紫外线、抗菌等多功能纺织品越来越受到人们的青睐,也无疑将为纺织行业创造巨大的社会和经济效益。
发明内容
要解决的技术问题:本发明的目的是提供一种纳米自清洁整理剂的制备方法,能够使织物具有非常好的光催化性能的油污自清洁效果,经向断裂强力没有无明显变化;同时具有较好的防紫外线效果和抗菌性能。
技术方案:一种纳米自清洁整理剂的制备方法,成分按重量份计,包括以下步骤:
(1)取2-4份柳树木木粉,加入30-40份体积比为2:1的苯乙醇溶液进行索氏抽提,脱除抽提物,用亚氯酸钠在pH4-5,75℃下处理5-6h,再用2wt%氧氧化钾在90℃下处理2-3h;
(2)用亚氯酸钠在pH4-5下处理1h,再用5wt%氧氧化钾在90℃下处理2-3h;
(3)加入5-10ml蒸馏水,置于超声波植物细胞粉碎机中超声处理,超声功率为1200W,超声时间为30min,得纳米纤维素晶;
(4)取6份5mg/mL的氧化石墨烯水溶液,2份1-2mg/mL的纳米纤维素晶水分散液和40-50份维生素C混合均匀,倒入可密封模具中,将模具进行密封,放置到95℃的烘箱中加热4-5h后取出,自然冷却至室温;
(5)将模具中留有的液体倒出来,向其中加入去离子水,10min后将去离子水倒出,再加入乙醇浸泡2h后倒出,再加入乙醇进行浸泡24h后倒出,放入65℃的鼓风干燥箱中进行干燥24h得杂化气凝胶;
(6)在剧烈搅拌下,将3-3.5份四氯化钛滴加到含有0.4-0.5份尿素和0.3-0.4份硝酸的130-140份乙醇溶液中,置于冰水浴中,搅拌0.5 h,移入反应釜中,置于烘箱中,在180℃下反应4h;
(7)冷却至室温,分别用乙醇和蒸馏水在12000r/min下离心15min,放入烘箱中,在80℃下干燥12 h;
(8)加入杂化气凝胶、0.5-1份纳米氧化钐、5-8份分散剂、1-3份肉桂精油微球、10-15份水性聚氨酯和400-500份蒸馏水,混合均匀后用高速剪切乳化机在剪切速率3000r/min下剪切20-25min;
(9)用超声波细胞粉碎机在超声功率1500-2000W下超声20-25min即得。
进一步的,所述分散剂聚乙二醇、三乙醇胺、月桂醇硫酸钠、月桂酰基谷氨酸或六偏磷酸钠中的一种或几种。
进一步的,所述纳米氧化钐的粒径为5-40nm。
进一步的,所述肉桂精油微球的制备方法:
第一步:取2-5份乙基纤维素,加入40-60份80%乙醇,搅拌溶解;
第二步:加入5-10份肉桂精油和2%的甘油,充分搅拌均匀;
第三步:再加入1wt%滑石粉,搅拌均匀;
第四步:喷雾干燥即得,进料速度为3mL/min,进风温度为100℃,雾化压力为100kPa。
有益效果:
1. 纳米氧化钐能够提高纳米二氧化钛对于紫外线的敏感性,从而提高自清洁效果。
2. 将纳米二氧化钛负载于气凝胶上,能够有效改善紫外线对织物的损害,同时利用气凝胶比表面积大的优势,充分发挥光催化降解性能,提高自清洁效果,同时具有优异的抗紫外线性能。
3. 经本发明方法所制备的整理剂对织物进行处理后,织物具有非常好的光催化性能的油污自清洁效果,经过24h的自然光照射后,残留于整理样上的油污全部降解;整理后的织物试样经光催化后的经向断裂强力和未经整理的织物试样相比没有无明显变化;其UPF值大于40且UVA透射比(T(UVA)AV)小于5%,具有较好的防紫外线效果,同时面料还具有一定的抗菌性,其对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌都有很好的抑制效果。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种纳米自清洁整理剂的制备方法,成分按重量份计,包括以下步骤:
(1)取2份柳树木木粉,加入30份体积比为2:1的苯乙醇溶液进行索氏抽提,脱除抽提物,用亚氯酸钠在pH4,75℃下处理5h,再用2wt%氧氧化钾在90℃下处理2h;
(2)用亚氯酸钠在pH4下处理1h,再用5wt%氧氧化钾在90℃下处理2h;
(3)加入5ml蒸馏水,置于超声波植物细胞粉碎机中超声处理,超声功率为1200W,超声时间为30min,得纳米纤维素晶;
(4)取6份5mg/mL的氧化石墨烯水溶液,2份1mg/mL的纳米纤维素晶水分散液和40份维生素C混合均匀,倒入可密封模具中,将模具进行密封,放置到95℃的烘箱中加热4h后取出,自然冷却至室温;
(5)将模具中留有的液体倒出来,向其中加入去离子水,10min后将去离子水倒出,再加入乙醇浸泡2h后倒出,再加入乙醇进行浸泡24h后倒出,放入65℃的鼓风干燥箱中进行干燥24h得杂化气凝胶;
(6)在剧烈搅拌下,将3份四氯化钛滴加到含有0.4份尿素和0.3份硝酸的130份乙醇溶液中,置于冰水浴中,搅拌0.5 h,移入反应釜中,置于烘箱中,在180℃下反应4h;
(7)冷却至室温,分别用乙醇和蒸馏水在12000r/min下离心15min,放入烘箱中,在80℃下干燥12 h;
(8)加入杂化气凝胶、0.5份纳米氧化钐、5份聚乙二醇、1份肉桂精油微球、10份水性聚氨酯和400份蒸馏水,混合均匀后用高速剪切乳化机在剪切速率3000r/min下剪切20min;
(9)用超声波细胞粉碎机在超声功率1500W下超声20min即得。
实施例2
一种纳米自清洁整理剂的制备方法,成分按重量份计,包括以下步骤:
(1)取3份柳树木木粉,加入35份体积比为2:1的苯乙醇溶液进行索氏抽提,脱除抽提物,用亚氯酸钠在pH4.5,75℃下处理5.5h,再用2wt%氧氧化钾在90℃下处理2.5h;
(2)用亚氯酸钠在pH4.5下处理1h,再用5wt%氧氧化钾在90℃下处理2.5h;
(3)加入8ml蒸馏水,置于超声波植物细胞粉碎机中超声处理,超声功率为1200W,超声时间为30min,得纳米纤维素晶;
(4)取6份5mg/mL的氧化石墨烯水溶液,2份1.5mg/mL的纳米纤维素晶水分散液和45份维生素C混合均匀,倒入可密封模具中,将模具进行密封,放置到95℃的烘箱中加热4.5h后取出,自然冷却至室温;
(5)将模具中留有的液体倒出来,向其中加入去离子水,10min后将去离子水倒出,再加入乙醇浸泡2h后倒出,再加入乙醇进行浸泡24h后倒出,放入65℃的鼓风干燥箱中进行干燥24h得杂化气凝胶;
(6)在剧烈搅拌下,将3.3份四氯化钛滴加到含有0.45份尿素和0.35份硝酸的135份乙醇溶液中,置于冰水浴中,搅拌0.5 h,移入反应釜中,置于烘箱中,在180℃下反应4h;
(7)冷却至室温,分别用乙醇和蒸馏水在12000r/min下离心15min,放入烘箱中,在80℃下干燥12 h;
(8)加入杂化气凝胶、0.8份纳米氧化钐、7份三乙醇胺、2份肉桂精油微球、13份水性聚氨酯和450份蒸馏水,混合均匀后用高速剪切乳化机在剪切速率3000r/min下剪切23min;
(9)用超声波细胞粉碎机在超声功率1800W下超声23min即得。
实施例3
一种纳米自清洁整理剂的制备方法,成分按重量份计,包括以下步骤:
(1)取4份柳树木木粉,加入40份体积比为2:1的苯乙醇溶液进行索氏抽提,脱除抽提物,用亚氯酸钠在pH5,75℃下处理6h,再用2wt%氧氧化钾在90℃下处理3h;
(2)用亚氯酸钠在pH5下处理1h,再用5wt%氧氧化钾在90℃下处理3h;
(3)加入10ml蒸馏水,置于超声波植物细胞粉碎机中超声处理,超声功率为1200W,超声时间为30min,得纳米纤维素晶;
(4)取6份5mg/mL的氧化石墨烯水溶液,2份1-2mg/mL的纳米纤维素晶水分散液和50份维生素C混合均匀,倒入可密封模具中,将模具进行密封,放置到95℃的烘箱中加热5h后取出,自然冷却至室温;
(5)将模具中留有的液体倒出来,向其中加入去离子水,10min后将去离子水倒出,再加入乙醇浸泡2h后倒出,再加入乙醇进行浸泡24h后倒出,放入65℃的鼓风干燥箱中进行干燥24h得杂化气凝胶;
(6)在剧烈搅拌下,将3.5份四氯化钛滴加到含有0.5份尿素和0.4份硝酸的140份乙醇溶液中,置于冰水浴中,搅拌0.5 h,移入反应釜中,置于烘箱中,在180℃下反应4h;
(7)冷却至室温,分别用乙醇和蒸馏水在12000r/min下离心15min,放入烘箱中,在80℃下干燥12 h;
(8)加入杂化气凝胶、1份纳米氧化钐、8份月桂醇硫酸钠、3份肉桂精油微球、15份水性聚氨酯和500份蒸馏水,混合均匀后用高速剪切乳化机在剪切速率3000r/min下剪切25min;
(9)用超声波细胞粉碎机在超声功率2000W下超声25min即得。
对比例1
本实施例与实施例1的差别在于不含有纳米纤维素晶,具体为:
一种纳米自清洁整理剂的制备方法,成分按重量份计,包括以下步骤:
(1)取6份5mg/mL的氧化石墨烯水溶液和40份维生素C混合均匀,倒入可密封模具中,将模具进行密封,放置到95℃的烘箱中加热4h后取出,自然冷却至室温;
(2)将模具中留有的液体倒出来,向其中加入去离子水,10min后将去离子水倒出,再加入乙醇浸泡2h后倒出,再加入乙醇进行浸泡24h后倒出,放入65℃的鼓风干燥箱中进行干燥24h得杂化气凝胶;
(3)在剧烈搅拌下,将3份四氯化钛滴加到含有0.4份尿素和0.3份硝酸的130份乙醇溶液中,置于冰水浴中,搅拌0.5 h,移入反应釜中,置于烘箱中,在180℃下反应4h;
(4)冷却至室温,分别用乙醇和蒸馏水在12000r/min下离心15min,放入烘箱中,在80℃下干燥12 h;
(5)加入杂化气凝胶、0.5份纳米氧化钐、5份聚乙二醇、1份肉桂精油微球、10份水性聚氨酯和400份蒸馏水,混合均匀后用高速剪切乳化机在剪切速率3000r/min下剪切20min;
(6)用超声波细胞粉碎机在超声功率1500W下超声20min即得。
对比例2
本实施例与实施例1的差别在于不含有纳米氧化钐,具体为:
一种纳米自清洁整理剂的制备方法,成分按重量份计,包括以下步骤:
(1)取2份柳树木木粉,加入30份体积比为2:1的苯乙醇溶液进行索氏抽提,脱除抽提物,用亚氯酸钠在pH4,75℃下处理5h,再用2wt%氧氧化钾在90℃下处理2h;
(2)用亚氯酸钠在pH4下处理1h,再用5wt%氧氧化钾在90℃下处理2h;
(3)加入5ml蒸馏水,置于超声波植物细胞粉碎机中超声处理,超声功率为1200W,超声时间为30min,得纳米纤维素晶;
(4)取6份5mg/mL的氧化石墨烯水溶液,2份1mg/mL的纳米纤维素晶水分散液和40份维生素C混合均匀,倒入可密封模具中,将模具进行密封,放置到95℃的烘箱中加热4h后取出,自然冷却至室温;
(5)将模具中留有的液体倒出来,向其中加入去离子水,10min后将去离子水倒出,再加入乙醇浸泡2h后倒出,再加入乙醇进行浸泡24h后倒出,放入65℃的鼓风干燥箱中进行干燥24h得杂化气凝胶;
(6)在剧烈搅拌下,将3份四氯化钛滴加到含有0.4份尿素和0.3份硝酸的130份乙醇溶液中,置于冰水浴中,搅拌0.5 h,移入反应釜中,置于烘箱中,在180℃下反应4h;
(7)冷却至室温,分别用乙醇和蒸馏水在12000r/min下离心15min,放入烘箱中,在80℃下干燥12 h;
(8)加入杂化气凝胶、5份聚乙二醇、1份肉桂精油微球、10份水性聚氨酯和400份蒸馏水,混合均匀后用高速剪切乳化机在剪切速率3000r/min下剪切20min;
(9)用超声波细胞粉碎机在超声功率1500W下超声20min即得。
对比例3
本实施例与实施例1的差别在于不含有水性聚氨酯,具体为:
一种纳米自清洁整理剂的制备方法,成分按重量份计,包括以下步骤:
(1)取2份柳树木木粉,加入30份体积比为2:1的苯乙醇溶液进行索氏抽提,脱除抽提物,用亚氯酸钠在pH4,75℃下处理5h,再用2wt%氧氧化钾在90℃下处理2h;
(2)用亚氯酸钠在pH4下处理1h,再用5wt%氧氧化钾在90℃下处理2h;
(3)加入5ml蒸馏水,置于超声波植物细胞粉碎机中超声处理,超声功率为1200W,超声时间为30min,得纳米纤维素晶;
(4)取6份5mg/mL的氧化石墨烯水溶液,2份1mg/mL的纳米纤维素晶水分散液和40份维生素C混合均匀,倒入可密封模具中,将模具进行密封,放置到95℃的烘箱中加热4h后取出,自然冷却至室温;
(5)将模具中留有的液体倒出来,向其中加入去离子水,10min后将去离子水倒出,再加入乙醇浸泡2h后倒出,再加入乙醇进行浸泡24h后倒出,放入65℃的鼓风干燥箱中进行干燥24h得杂化气凝胶;
(6)在剧烈搅拌下,将3份四氯化钛滴加到含有0.4份尿素和0.3份硝酸的130份乙醇溶液中,置于冰水浴中,搅拌0.5 h,移入反应釜中,置于烘箱中,在180℃下反应4h;
(7)冷却至室温,分别用乙醇和蒸馏水在12000r/min下离心15min,放入烘箱中,在80℃下干燥12 h;
(8)加入杂化气凝胶、0.5份纳米氧化钐、5份聚乙二醇、1份肉桂精油微球和400份蒸馏水,混合均匀后用高速剪切乳化机在剪切速率3000r/min下剪切20min;
(9)用超声波细胞粉碎机在超声功率1500W下超声20min即得。
将织物浸渍与本发明整理剂中,超声处理10 min,振荡30 min后二浸二轧(轧余率80%-85%),在80℃下烘干,冷却测定其性能指标。
以红色辣椒油作为油污污渍对整理后的织物进行局部滴定观察,在保证每天自然光光照(气温28℃,晴天) 一定时间的基础上测定织物上红辣椒油污表观色深值K/S变化的方法来评价自清洁效果。
断裂强力根据ASTM D5035—2011《纺织品断裂强力和伸长率试验方法( 条样法)》进行测定。
防紫外线性能测试根据GB /T 18830—2009《纺织品 防紫外线性能的评定》,裁取圆形试样4块,试样直径为7 cm,采用YG902C防紫外线及防晒保护测试仪进行测试。按标准规定,对于匀质试样,以所测试样中最低的UPF值为样品的UPF值。当样品的UPF值大于50时,表示为UPF﹥50;当试样的UPF值大于40且UVA透射比(T(UVA)AV)小于5%时,可称为防紫外线产品;当UPF值大于40且小于或等于50时记为UPF40 +;当UPF值大于50时,标记为UPF50 + 。
抑菌性的测定:利用滤纸片抑菌圈法测定面料对供试菌的抑制效果,将供试菌接入无菌液体培养基中,在37℃、120 r/min 的恒温摇床内活化培育 24 h。吸取一部分活化后的菌种液接入无菌水中,充分振荡后制成 107 cfu/m L的初始菌液。
将灭过菌的LB固体培养基在室温下放置,冷却至适宜温度后倒至无菌培养皿,待培养基凝固后备用。吸取0.1 mL初始菌液接种至LB培养基,用灭过菌的玻璃涂布棒将菌液分散均匀。
剪取一块直径为6 mm的面料,贴于含有供试菌的培养基上,把平板倒扣放置于温度为37℃的培养箱中 24 h。培养结束后,抑菌圈直径使用游标卡尺量出。
表1 纳米自清洁整理剂的部分性能
经本发明方法所制备的整理剂对织物进行处理后,织物具有非常好的光催化性能的油污自清洁效果,经过24h的自然光照射后,残留于整理样上的油污全部降解;整理后的织物试样经光催化后的经向断裂强力和未经整理的织物试样相比没有无明显变化;其UPF值大于40且UVA透射比(T(UVA)AV)小于5%,具有较好的防紫外线效果,同时面料还具有一定的抗菌性,其对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌都有很好的抑制效果。
Claims (4)
1.一种纳米自清洁整理剂的制备方法,其特征在于:成分按重量份计,包括以下步骤:
取2-4份柳树木木粉,加入30-40份体积比为2:1的苯乙醇溶液进行索氏抽提,脱除抽提物,用亚氯酸钠在pH4-5,75℃下处理5-6h,再用2wt%氧氧化钾在90℃下处理2-3h;
用亚氯酸钠在pH4-5下处理1h,再用5wt%氧氧化钾在90℃下处理2-3h;
加入5-10ml蒸馏水,置于超声波植物细胞粉碎机中超声处理,超声功率为1200W,超声时间为30min,得纳米纤维素晶;
取6份5mg/mL的氧化石墨烯水溶液,2份1-2mg/mL的纳米纤维素晶水分散液和40-50份维生素C混合均匀,倒入可密封模具中,将模具进行密封,放置到95℃的烘箱中加热4-5h后取出,自然冷却至室温;
将模具中留有的液体倒出来,向其中加入去离子水,10min后将去离子水倒出,再加入乙醇浸泡2h后倒出,再加入乙醇进行浸泡24h后倒出,放入65℃的鼓风干燥箱中进行干燥24h得杂化气凝胶;
在剧烈搅拌下,将3-3.5份四氯化钛滴加到含有0.4-0.5份尿素和0.3-0.4份硝酸的130-140份乙醇溶液中,置于冰水浴中,搅拌0.5 h,移入反应釜中,置于烘箱中,在180℃下反应4h;
冷却至室温,分别用乙醇和蒸馏水在12000r/min下离心15min,放入烘箱中,在80℃下干燥12 h;
加入杂化气凝胶、0.5-1份纳米氧化钐、5-8份分散剂、1-3份肉桂精油微球、10-15份水性聚氨酯和400-500份蒸馏水,混合均匀后用高速剪切乳化机在剪切速率3000r/min下剪切20-25min;
用超声波细胞粉碎机在超声功率1500-2000W下超声20-25min即得。
2.根据权利要求 1所述的一种纳米自清洁整理剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述分散剂聚乙二醇、三乙醇胺、月桂醇硫酸钠、月桂酰基谷氨酸或六偏磷酸钠中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求 1所述的一种纳米自清洁整理剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述纳米氧化钐的粒径为5-40nm。
4.根据权利要求 1所述的一种纳米自清洁整理剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述肉桂精油微球的制备方法:
第一步:取2-5份乙基纤维素,加入40-60份80%乙醇,搅拌溶解;
第二步:加入5-10份肉桂精油和2%的甘油,充分搅拌均匀;
第三步:再加入1wt%滑石粉,搅拌均匀;
第四步:喷雾干燥即得,进料速度为3mL/min,进风温度为100℃,雾化压力为100kPa。
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