CN108660540B - Reticular fiber for fracturing and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a reticular fiber for fracturing and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: dissolving sodium carboxymethylcellulose in water to obtain a mixed solution I; dissolving an initiator in water, adding the initiator into the mixed solution I, and stirring at 40 ℃ to obtain a mixed solution II; dissolving methacryloyloxyethyl dimethyl octyl ammonium bromide in water; dropwise adding the solution into the mixed solution II; stirring for 5-6 h at 40 ℃, and washing to obtain the reticular fiber for the fracturing fluid. The invention also provides the reticular fiber for fracturing prepared by the preparation method. The reticular fiber can be rapidly dispersed in the fracturing fluid, has good compatibility with the fracturing fluid, and presents a reticular structure in the fracturing fluid after being dispersed, thereby improving the settling velocity of the proppant and further improving the exploitation efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fiber, in particular to a reticular fiber for fracturing, and belongs to the technical field of oil exploitation.
Background
The fracturing operation included 2 stages of fluid injection. In the first stage, pad fluid is injected, without proppant, and pumped in at a certain flow and pressure, so that the stratum is fractured and cracks are generated, and the function of crack formation is achieved; and injecting a sand carrying liquid in the second stage, pumping sand into the opened crack, and closing the crack after stopping pumping. In the processes of injection and fracture closure, the sedimentation velocity of the proppant has a large influence on the sand carrying capacity of the fracturing fluid, and the sand carrying capacity of the fracturing fluid directly influences the final geometric structure of the propped fracture, so that the productivity is influenced.
Without fibers, the proppant settling process follows stokes' law with settling velocity proportional to particle size and density and inversely proportional to fluid viscosity. When the particle size and density of the proppant particles are fixed, the too low viscosity of the fracturing fluid can cause higher settling velocity of the proppant, the proppant can be concentrated at the bottom of the fracture before the fracture is closed, even the proppant particles form clusters to prevent the fluid from being further injected, so that the proppant cannot completely fill the fracture, and the sand carrying capacity of the fracturing fluid is influenced. In contrast, the sedimentation of the particles after the addition of the fibres no longer follows stokes law but follows Kynch law: the sedimentation fibers interact with the particles to prevent the particles from sinking; as sedimentation proceeds no significant particle-fluid boundary is formed, instead the fiber-particle mixture slowly compacts leaving little fluid behind. Kynch sedimentation has the advantage that fluid viscosity plays a small role in reducing the settling velocity of the particles. The Stokes and Kynch sedimentation fibers can reduce the determination effect of the viscosity of the base fluid on the sedimentation velocity, so that the sand carrying capacity of the fracturing fluid is improved: when the fibers are uniformly dispersed in the fracturing fluid, the fibers and guar gum chains of the net-shaped structure form a winding structure, so that the strength of the cross-linked net-shaped structure is enhanced, the settling speed of the propping agent is reduced, the sand carrying capacity of the fracturing fluid is improved, the propping agent is completely and uniformly distributed in the whole fracture, and the productivity is improved.
However, when the existing fibers are applied to a fracturing fluid, there are: firstly, the fiber has poor dispersibility in fracturing fluid; secondly, the settling velocity of the propping agent in the fiber fracturing fluid is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a network fiber for fracturing, which can be rapidly dispersed in a fracturing fluid, has good compatibility with the fracturing fluid, and can further improve the production efficiency.
In order to achieve the above technical object, the present invention provides a method for preparing a network fiber for fracturing, comprising the steps of:
8.5-10 g of sodium carboxymethylcellulose is dissolved in 450-500 mL of water to obtain a mixed solution I;
dissolving 0.23g-0.26g of initiator in 45mL-50mL of water, adding the mixture into the first mixed solution, and stirring at 40-45 ℃ for 15min-20min to obtain a second mixed solution;
dissolving 3.8g-4g of methacryloyloxyethyl dimethyl octyl ammonium bromide in 100mL of water to obtain a solution;
dropwise adding the solution into the mixed solution II;
stirring for 5-6 h at 40-45 ℃, and washing to obtain the reticular fiber for the fracturing fluid;
wherein, the methacryloyloxyethyl dimethyl octyl ammonium bromide is prepared from 1-octyl bromide and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate.
More preferably, the preparation method of the reticular fiber for fracturing comprises the following steps:
dissolving 10g of sodium carboxymethylcellulose in 500mL of water to obtain a mixed solution I;
dissolving 0.26g of initiator in 50mL of water, adding the mixture into the first mixed solution, and stirring the mixture for 20min at 40 ℃ to obtain a second mixed solution;
dissolving 4g of methacryloyloxyethyl dimethyl octyl ammonium bromide in water to obtain 100mL of solution;
dropwise adding the solution into the mixed solution II;
stirring for 5-6 h at 40 ℃, and washing to obtain the reticular fiber for the fracturing fluid.
In the above preparation method, preferably, the raw material composition of the methacryloyloxyethyl dimethyl octyl ammonium bromide used comprises: 0.225mol to 0.232mol (more preferably 0.23mol) of 1-bromooctane and 0.198mol to 0.205mol (more preferably 0.20mol) of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate.
In the above preparation method, preferably, the raw material composition of the methacryloyloxyethyl dimethyl octyl ammonium bromide used further comprises a catalyst.
In the above preparation method, preferably, the catalyst used is potassium iodide.
In the above preparation method, the solution is preferably added dropwise to the second mixed solution within a period of 20 to 25 min.
In the above preparation method, preferably, the methacryloyloxyethyl dimethyl octyl ammonium bromide used is prepared by the following steps:
mixing 1-octyl bromide and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, adding a catalyst, and stirring for 50-52 h (more preferably 52h) at 45-50 ℃ (more preferably 45 ℃) to obtain white paste;
adding xylene solvent into white paste, centrifuging, removing clear liquid to obtain paste precipitate, washing with benzene (4-5 times), and drying under reduced pressure to obtain methacryloyloxyethyl dimethyl octyl ammonium bromide.
In the above preparation method, preferably, the initiator used is ammonium persulfate.
In the above production method, preferably, the washing is performed with ethanol.
The invention also provides the reticular fiber for fracturing obtained by the preparation method.
According to the preparation method of the reticular fiber for fracturing, sodium carboxymethylcellulose is utilized to have good water solubility and biodegradability, a long-chain hydrophobic monomer methacryloyloxyethyl dimethyl octyl ammonium bromide is introduced into a molecular chain, macromolecular chains are crosslinked to form a spatial reticular structure with certain strength by utilizing the hydrophobic association effect among polymer molecules, and cationic quaternary ammonium salt containing hydrophobic groups is introduced into the macromolecules of the sodium carboxymethylcellulose, so that the macromolecules contain cationized groups and long-chain hydrophobic groups besides hydrophilic groups.
When the reticular fiber for fracturing is specifically applied to fracturing, 0.15 to 0.18 weight part of the reticular fiber for fracturing is added into 100 weight parts of fracturing fluid base fluid.
The reticular fibers obtained by the preparation method of the reticular fibers for fracturing can be rapidly dispersed in the fracturing fluid, have good compatibility with the fracturing fluid, and present a reticular structure in the fracturing fluid after dispersion, thereby improving the settling speed of the proppant and further improving the exploitation efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of the addition of JX-7 fiber on the sand-carrying performance of a fracturing fluid in an example.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of the addition of JX-4 fiber on the sand-carrying performance of the fracturing fluid in the example.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the settling velocity of each fiber in the examples.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below in order to clearly understand the technical features, objects, and advantages of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the practical scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a reticular fiber for fracturing, which specifically comprises the following steps:
weighing 10g of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, putting the sodium carboxymethylcellulose into a beaker, adding 500mL of distilled water, standing for 24h, pouring the sodium carboxymethylcellulose into a 1000mL four-neck flask, and stirring for 30min on an electric stirrer after the sodium carboxymethylcellulose is completely dissolved;
weighing 0.26g of ammonium persulfate as an initiator, dissolving the ammonium persulfate in 50mL of distilled water, adding the solution into a four-neck flask, and stirring and reacting for 20min at 40 ℃;
weighing 4g of methacryloyloxyethyl dimethyl octyl ammonium bromide, preparing the solution into 100mL by using distilled water, and transferring the solution into a 200mL ground liquid funnel;
and (3) dropwise adding the prepared 100mL solution into a four-neck flask, controlling the adding time to be about 20min, continuously stirring and reacting for 5-6 h at a constant temperature of 40 ℃ to obtain a transparent paste, transferring the transparent paste into a beaker, washing the transparent paste with ethanol, precipitating and separating to obtain a white product, and obtaining the reticular fiber for fracturing (JX-7).
The methacryloyloxyethyl dimethyl octyl ammonium bromide is prepared by the following steps:
adding 0.23mol of 1-bromooctane and 0.20mol of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate into a 200mL flask, adding a small amount of catalyst potassium iodide, and stirring at 45 ℃ to react for 52 hours to obtain white paste;
adding proper benzene solvent, centrifuging, separating clear liquid to obtain pasty precipitate, washing the precipitate with benzene for 4-5 times, and vacuum drying to obtain white solid, i.e. methacryloyloxyethyl dimethyl octyl ammonium bromide.
The above-mentioned network fibers for fracturing of the present example were subjected to the relevant performance tests
First, testing compatibility with propping agent
Preparing a fracturing fluid base fluid, fully stirring and swelling for 2-5h, then adding 1.5-1.8 per mill of the fracturing reticular fiber (JX-7) of the embodiment, simultaneously adding a delayed crosslinking agent (delayed crosslinking time is 3-5min), a gel breaker and a propping agent (fracturing fluid sand ratio is 30%), fully stirring and uniformly mixing by using a mechanical stirrer, and hanging after fully crosslinking to obtain a mixed reticular fiber propping agent sample, wherein the reticular fiber and the propping agent are mixed uniformly.
Second, research and determination of degradation temperature
The technological principle of the fiber fracturing technology is that fibers are added into fracturing fluid to enable proppants such as quartz sand and the like to keep a suspended state in the fracturing process, the effect of the proppants can be improved when a fracture is closed, and the fibers can be automatically dissolved after fracturing is finished, so that the flow conductivity of the reconstructed fracture is further improved. Therefore, determination of the fiber degradation temperature plays a crucial role in the fracturing effect.
Preparing 0.5% guar gum solution, adding a pH regulator (the pH value is adjusted to 9-9.5), putting 200mL of the solution into a glass beaker, adding the fracturing mesh fiber (JX-7) of the embodiment to disperse the fracturing mesh fiber, and then adding 0.2% o of a cross-linking agent and 0.2% o of a gel breaker. After being mixed evenly, the mixture is put into a sealed steel cylinder and put into roller heating furnaces with different temperatures, and after 24 hours, the dissolution condition is observed. The results of the experiment are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the network fiber for fracturing of this example was dissolved at 90 ℃ and was suitable for fracturing of deep wells from 2700m to 3300 m.
Thirdly, researching sand carrying performance in fracturing fluid
(1) Property of fiber fracturing fluid with sand
Preparing 0.5% guar gum solution, adjusting the pH value to 9-9.5 by using a pH regulator, putting three 200mL solutions into a glass beaker, adding JX-2 (polylactic acid fiber), JX-4 (polylactic acid reticular fiber) and JX-7 respectively to disperse the solutions, then adding 0.2 per mill of a cross-linking agent and 30% of sand, and carrying out a hanging experiment, wherein the results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
| Name (R) | Property of hanging |
| JX-2 | Easy to break and have common property |
| JX-4 | Good flexibility and better sand-carrying part |
| JX-7 | Good picking property and long picking and hanging time |
As can be seen in Table 2, the fiber JX-2 fracturing fluid has poor sand-adding property and is broken quickly after being picked; the sand-adding property of the fiber JX-4 fracturing fluid is better; the fiber JX-7 fracturing fluid has good sand-adding property and long hanging time. Therefore, the fiber JX-2 was eliminated, and the fibers JX-4 and JX-7 were selected for the following experiments.
(2) Sand suspension performance of fiber fracturing fluid added with sand
The experiment is carried out at room temperature of 25 ℃, 200mL of 0.5% guar fracturing base fluid is prepared, fibers and 30% of propping agent are added according to the experiment requirement, a proper amount of cross-linking agent is added, the mixture of the fracturing fluid, the fibers and the propping agent is stirred to form fracturing fluid, the fibers and the propping agent are poured into a 250mL measuring cylinder, the measuring cylinder is placed at room temperature and stands for 120min, the settlement height of the propping agent in the fracturing fluid is recorded, and the settlement speed is calculated. (settling velocity equals the height of settling divided by settling time)
The influence of the addition of the reticular fiber JX-7 for fracturing on the sand carrying performance of the fracturing fluid is shown in figure 1, and as can be seen from figure 1, along with the increase of the mass fraction of the reticular fiber JX-7, the settling velocity of the proppant is reduced and gradually stabilized, the sand carrying performance of the fracturing fluid is gradually enhanced, and the purpose of improving the sand carrying performance of the fracturing fluid can be achieved when the mass fraction of the reticular fiber JX-7 is more than 0.15%.
The influence of the addition of the JX-4 fiber on the sand carrying performance of the fracturing fluid is shown in figure 2, and as shown in figure 2, the settling velocity of the proppant is reduced and gradually stabilized along with the increase of the JX-4 mass fraction of the fiber, the sand carrying performance of the fracturing fluid is gradually enhanced, the purpose of improving the sand carrying performance of the fracturing fluid can be achieved when the JX-4 mass fraction of the fiber is more than 0.25%, and the use amount is too large and can be eliminated from the economic aspect.
Therefore, the fibers are uniformly dispersed in the fracturing fluid along with the increase of the mass fraction of the fibers in the fracturing fluid, the fibers and the guar gum chains of the net-shaped structure form a winding structure, the strength of the cross-linked net-shaped structure is enhanced, the settling speed of the propping agent is reduced and gradually stabilized, the sand carrying performance of the fracturing fluid is gradually enhanced, and the dosage of the JX-4 fibers is too large, so that the JX-4 fibers are eliminated. Therefore, the optimum amount of the fiber network JX-7 is 0.15% -0.18%.
(3) Settling of proppants in fiber fracturing fluids
The experiment was carried out at room temperature of 25 ℃ to prepare 3 parts of 200mL of 0.5% guar fracturing base fluid, add 0.15% of fibers JX-2, JX-4 and JX-7 and 30% of proppant respectively, add a proper amount of cross-linking agent and stir to form fracturing fluid, pour the mixture of fracturing fluid, fibers and proppant into a 250mL graduated cylinder and place the mixture at room temperature for standing, and record the settlement height of proppant in fracturing fluid every half an hour.
In this example, three fibers of the same weight were added, and the lowering heights of the proppant at the same time interval were recorded as shown in FIG. 3. As seen in FIG. 3, the lowering speed of the mesh fibers JX-7 was slower than that of the fibers JX-2 and JX-4.
The above examples illustrate that the reticular fibers obtained by the preparation method of the reticular fibers for fracturing of the present invention can be rapidly dispersed in the fracturing fluid, have good compatibility with the fracturing fluid, and present a reticular structure in the fracturing fluid after dispersion, thereby improving the settling rate of the proppant and further increasing the production efficiency.
Claims (8)
1. The preparation method of the reticular fiber for fracturing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
8.5-10 g of sodium carboxymethylcellulose is dissolved in 450-500 mL of water to obtain a mixed solution I;
dissolving 0.23g to 0.26g of initiator in 45mL to 50mL of water, adding the mixture into the first mixed solution, and stirring the mixture at the temperature of between 40 and 45 ℃ for 15min to 20min to obtain a second mixed solution; the initiator is ammonium persulfate;
dissolving 3.8g-4g of methacryloyloxyethyl dimethyl octyl ammonium bromide in 100mL of water to obtain a solution;
dropwise adding the solution into the mixed solution II; the dripping time is 20min-25 min;
stirring for 5-6 h at 40-45 ℃, and washing to obtain the reticular fiber for the fracturing fluid;
wherein, the raw material composition of the methacryloyloxyethyl dimethyl octyl ammonium bromide comprises: 1-bromooctane and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the starting composition of methacryloyloxyethyl dimethyl octyl ammonium bromide comprises: 0.225mol to 0.232mol of 1-bromooctane and 0.198mol to 0.205mol of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the starting composition of methacryloyloxyethyl dimethyl octyl ammonium bromide further comprises a catalyst.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the catalyst is potassium iodide.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the methacryloyloxyethyl dimethyl octyl ammonium bromide is prepared by the steps of:
mixing 1-octyl bromide and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, adding a catalyst, and stirring at 45-50 ℃ for 50-52 h to obtain white paste;
adding a xylene solvent into the white paste, centrifuging, separating clear liquid to obtain paste precipitate, washing the paste precipitate with benzene, and drying under reduced pressure to obtain the methacryloyloxyethyl dimethyl octyl ammonium bromide.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the amount of xylene is 50 mL.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the washing is performed with ethanol.
8. A mesh fiber for fracturing, which is produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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