CN108656544A - 三维打印喷头结构 - Google Patents
三维打印喷头结构 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种三维打印喷头结构,其包括加热器、喷嘴、进料管以及挡流件。加热器具有第一通孔。喷嘴连接加热器,其中喷嘴具有第二通孔,且第一通孔与第二通孔相对准。进料管穿设在第一通孔,其中进料管具有进料通道,且第二通孔与进料通道相对准。线材能够沿着进料通道移动通过加热器。加热器加热线材而使线材受热熔融,熔融后的线材从进料通道移入第二通孔而被挤出。挡流件设置在第一通孔内,且位于进料通道与第二通孔之间。挡流件配置用以调整进料通道与第二通孔之间的连通程度。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种喷头结构,且特别是涉及一种三维打印喷头结构。
背景技术
三维打印技术实际上是一系列快速原型成型(Rapid Prototyping,RP)技术的统称,其基本原理都是叠层制造,由快速原型机在X-Y平面内通过扫描形式形成工件的截面形状,而在Z坐标间断地作层面厚度的位移,最终形成三维物体。三维打印技术能无限制几何形状,而且越复杂的零件越能显示快速原型成型技术的卓越性,且能大幅地节省人力与加工时间。在时间最短的要求下,将三维电脑辅助设计(Computer-Aided Design,CAD)软件所设计的数字三维模型真实地呈现出来。
以采用熔融沉积成型(Fused Deposition Modeling,FDM)技术的三维打印机为例,其可通过打印喷头结构的加热器对线材进行加热,并通过喷嘴将熔融后的线材挤出,以在平台上进行打印的动作。在三维打印的过程中,因应打印路径的变化,打印喷头结构需视情况回抽线材而暂停挤出熔融后的线材的动作。然而,熔融后的线材仍可能受重力作用而滴落至平台上,甚至滴落在待成型的三维物体上,从而影响到制程良率。
发明内容
本发明是针对一种三维打印喷头结构,其能提高制程良率。
本发明一实施例的三维打印喷头结构,其包括加热器、喷嘴、进料管以及挡流件。加热器具有第一通孔。喷嘴连接加热器,其中喷嘴具有第二通孔,且第一通孔与第二通孔相对准。进料管穿设在第一通孔,其中进料管具有进料通道,且第二通孔与进料通道相对准。线材能够沿着进料通道移动通过加热器。加热器加热线材而使线材受热熔融,熔融后的线材从进料通道移入第二通孔而被挤出。挡流件设置在第一通孔内,且位于进料通道与第二通孔之间。挡流件配置用以调整进料通道与第二通孔之间的连通程度。
在本发明的一实施例中,上述的进料管包括内管与外管,其中内管穿设在外管,且外管固定在第一通孔。
在本发明的一实施例中,上述的内管的材质为铁氟龙,且外管的材质为不锈钢。
在本发明的一实施例中,上述的挡流件的材质为橡胶。
在本发明的一实施例中,上述的挡流件包括固定部与可挠部,其中固定部固定在进料通道与第二通孔之间,且可挠部连接固定部。
在本发明的一实施例中,上述的进料通道与第二通孔界定出线材的移动路径,可挠部配置用以遮断线材的移动路径的至少部分。
在本发明的一实施例中,上述的可挠部与固定部界定出可变开口,在可挠部受到线材挤压时,可变开口具有第一开口面积,在线材回抽至进料通道时,可变开口具有第二开口面积,其中第二开口面积小于第一开口面积。
在本发明的一实施例中,上述的固定部为环状结构,其中可挠部具有至少一个挡流体,且所述至少一个挡流体连接固定部的内壁面。
基于上述,本发明的三维打印喷头结构在喷嘴与进料管之间设置有挡流件,用以调整进料管的进料通道与喷嘴的第二通孔之间的连通程度。在线材回抽至进料通道时,挡流体能够缩减进料通道与第二通孔之间的连通程度,避免熔融后的线材受重力作用而滴落至平台上,甚至滴落在待成型的三维物体上。换言之,本发明的三维打印喷头结构能够提高制程良率以及制作完成后的三维物体的质量。
为让本发明的上述特征和优点能更明显易懂,下文特举实施例,并配合附图作详细说明如下。
附图说明
包含附图以便进一步理解本发明,且附图并入本说明书中并构成本说明书的一部分。附图说明本发明的实施例,并与描述一起用于解释本发明的原理。
图1为本发明一实施例的三维打印装置的示意图;
图2与图3分别为图1的三维打印喷头结构的局部剖面示意图;
图4与图5分别为对应于图2与图3的挡流件的俯视示意图;
图6至图9分别为本发明其他实施例的挡流件的俯视示意图。
附图标号说明
10:三维打印装置;
11:平台;
12:移动机构;
20:线材;
100:三维打印喷头结构;
110:加热器;
111:第一通孔;
120:喷嘴;
121:第二通孔;
130:进料管;
131:进料通道;
132:内管;
133:外管;
140、140a~140d:挡流件;
141:固定部;
142、142a~142d:可挠部;
143、143a~143d:挡流体;
144:可变开口;
P:移动路径。
具体实施方式
现将详细地参考本发明的示范性实施例,示范性实施例的实例说明在附图中。只要有可能,相同组件符号在附图和描述中用来表示相同或相似部分。
图1为本发明一实施例的三维打印装置的示意图。图2与图3分别为图1的三维打印喷头结构的局部剖面示意图,其中图2的线材20从进料通道131移入第二通孔121,且图3的线材20回抽至进料通道131。请参考图1至图3,在本实施例中,三维打印装置10可包括平台11、移动机构12以及三维打印喷头结构100,其中移动机构12设置在平台11上方,且三维打印喷头结构100设置在移动机构12上。三维打印喷头结构100能够受移动机构12的带动而沿着空间中的X-Y-Z等三个轴向相对于平台11运动,进而在平台11上打印出三维物体。在其他实施例中,三维打印喷头结构可以是三维打印笔的局部。
详细而言,三维打印喷头结构100采用熔融沉积成型(Fused DepositionModeling,FDM)技术,其包括加热器110、喷嘴120、进料管130以及挡流件140,进料管130配置用以输送线材20移动通过加热器110与喷嘴120,在加热器110加热线材20而使线材20受热熔融后,熔融后的线材20能够从喷嘴120挤出,并沿着打印路径打印在平台11上。在本实施例中,加热器110与喷嘴120相连接,其中加热器110与喷嘴120螺接固定,且加热器110与喷嘴120可由铜、其他高导热金属或合金所制成。加热器110具有第一通孔111,喷嘴120具有第二通孔121,且第一通孔111与第二通孔121相对准。特别说明的是,本发明对于加热器与喷嘴之间的固定方式不限于螺接,也可采用其它适当的方式固定两者。
进料管130穿设在第一通孔111,其中进料管130具有进料通道131,且第二通孔121与进料通道131相对准。详细而言,线材20能够沿着进料通道131移动通过加热器110,此时,加热器110加热线材20而使线材20受热熔融,熔融后的线材20从进料通道131移入第二通孔121而被挤出。在本实施例中,进料管130包括内管132与外管133,其中内管132穿设在外管133,且外管133卡接固定在第一通孔111。进料通道131可为内管132中的通道,其中内管132可由铁氟龙制成,且外管133可由不锈钢制成。由于不锈钢与铁氟龙的热传导系数远低于铜,且具有耐高温的特点,因此在加热器110对进料管130内的线材20加热时,热不易通过进料管130向外传递,不仅能避免产生意外烫伤使用者的情况,还能防止位于内管130中且尚未移动通过加热器110的线材20产生熔融的情况,大幅降低内管132堵塞的机率。在其他实施例中,外管的材质可为金属或合金,但本发明对此不加以限制。
在本实施例中,挡流件140设置在第一通孔111内,且位于进料通道131与第二通孔121之间。如图2与图3所示,进料管130与喷嘴120分别抵接挡流件140的相对两端部,以固定挡流件140在其间。详细而言,进料通道131与第二通孔121界定出线材20的移动路径P,且挡流件140遮线材20的断移动路径P的至少部分。
图4与图5分别为对应在图2与图3的挡流件的俯视示意图。请参考图2至图5,在本实施例中,挡流件140可包括固定部141与连接固定部141的可挠部142,其中固定部141固定在进料通道131与第二通孔121之间(或称固定在进料管130与喷嘴120之间),且可挠部142连接固定部141。固定部141可为环状结构,其中可挠部142可具有连接固定部141的内壁面的挡流体143,且挡流体143配置用以遮断线材20的移动路径P的至少部分。在挡流体143未产生移动或变形前,进料通道131与第二通孔121可被挡流体143完全遮断开来。另一方面,可挠部142与固定部141能够界定出可变开口144,在挡流体143受到线材20挤压时,可变开口144可具有第一开口面积,在线材20回抽至进料通道131时,可变开口144可具有第二开口面积,其中第二开口面积小于所述第一开口面积,且第二开口面积可以是等于零或近乎于零。也就是说,挡流件140配置用以调整进料通道131与第二通孔121之间的连通程度,其中挡流件140可由橡胶制成,不仅可受力而挠曲变形,还可耐高温。
在线材20从进料通道131移入第二通孔121前,挡流体143可完全遮断线材20的移动路径P。如图2与图4所示,在挡流体143受到熔融后的线材20的推挤而挠曲变形后,挡流体143仅遮断线材20的移动路径P的至少部分,使得进料通道131与第二通孔121之间的连通程度被提高,以令熔融后的线材20能够从进料通道131移入第二通孔121。在三维打印的过程中,因应打印路径的变化,三维打印喷头结构100需视情况回抽线材20而暂停挤出熔融后的线材20的动作。如图3与图5所示,在线材20回抽至进料通道131时,挡流体143能够回复至未挠曲变形前的状态,藉以缩减进料通道131与第二通孔121之间的连通程度或完全遮断线材20的移动路径P,避免熔融后的线材20受重力作用而滴落至平台11上,甚至滴落在待成型的三维物体上。换言之,本实施例的三维打印喷头结构100能够提高制程良率以及制作完成后的三维物体的质量。
图6至图9分别为本发明其他实施例的挡流件的俯视示意图,其中图6至图9分别呈现出不同实施例的挡流件的可挠部未挠曲变形前的状态。请参考图6,挡流件140a的可挠部142a可具有两个近似半圆状的挡流体143a,其中前述两个挡流体143a之间可保持间隙或彼此对接,且在前述两个挡流体143a受到熔融后的线材20的推挤而挠曲变形后,进料通道131与第二通孔121之间的连通程度被提高。此外,在线材20回抽至进料通道131时,挡流体143a能够回复至未挠曲变形前的状态,藉以缩减进料通道131与第二通孔121之间的连通程度。
请参考图7,挡流件140b的可挠部142b可具有三个近似扇状的挡流体143b,其中前述三个挡流体143b的任两相邻者之间可保持间隙或彼此对接,且在前述三个挡流体143b受到熔融后的线材20的推挤而挠曲变形后,进料通道131与第二通孔121之间的连通程度被提高。此外,在线材20回抽至进料通道131时,挡流体143b能够回复至未挠曲变形前的状态,藉以缩减进料通道131与第二通孔121之间的连通程度。
请参考图8,挡流件140c的可挠部142c可具有两个近挡流体143c,其中前述两个挡流体143c之间可保持间隙,且分别具有弧形的凸缘,在前述两个近挡流体143c受到熔融后的线材20的推挤而挠曲变形后,进料通道131与第二通孔121之间的连通程度被提高。此外,在线材20回抽至进料通道131时,挡流体143c能够回复至未挠曲变形前的状态,藉以缩减进料通道131与第二通孔121之间的连通程度。
请参考图9,挡流件140d的可挠部142d可具有三个挡流体143d,其中前述三个近挡流体143d之间可保持间隙,且分别具有弧形的凸缘,在前述三个近挡流体143d受到熔融后的线材20的推挤而挠曲变形后,进料通道131与第二通孔121之间的连通程度被提高。此外,在线材20回抽至进料通道131时,挡流体143d能够回复至未挠曲变形前的状态,藉以缩减进料通道131与第二通孔121之间的连通程度。特别说明的是,本发明的挡流体的形状与数量不限于上述实施例所提,可视设计需求而作调整。
综上所述,本发明的三维打印喷头结构在喷嘴与进料管之间设置有挡流件,且挡流件的可挠部可具有至少一个挡流体。在线材从进料管的进料通道移入喷嘴的第二通孔前,挡流体可遮断线材的移动路径的至少部分,在挡流体受到熔融后的线材的推挤而挠曲变形后,进料通道与第二通孔之间的连通程度被提高,使得熔融后的线材能够从进料通道移入第二通孔。在三维打印的过程中,因应打印路径的变化,三维打印喷头结构需视情况回抽线材而暂停挤出熔融后的线材的动作。在线材回抽至进料通道时,挡流体能够回复至未挠曲变形前的状态,缩减进料通道与第二通孔之间的连通程度,避免熔融后的线材受重力作用而滴落至平台上,甚至滴落在待成型的三维物体上。换言之,本实施例的三维打印喷头结构能够提高制程良率以及制作完成后的三维物体的质量。
最后应说明的是:以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种三维打印喷头结构,其特征在于,包括:
加热器,具有第一通孔;
喷嘴,连接所述加热器,其中所述喷嘴具有第二通孔,且所述第一通孔与所述第二通孔相对准;
进料管,穿设在所述第一通孔,其中所述进料管具有进料通道,且所述第二通孔与所述进料通道相对准,线材能够沿着所述进料通道移动通过所述加热器,所述加热器加热所述线材而使所述线材受热熔融,熔融后的所述线材从进料通道移入所述第二通孔而被挤出;以及
挡流件,设置在所述第一通孔内,且位于所述进料通道与所述第二通孔之间,所述挡流件配置用以调整所述进料通道与所述第二通孔之间的连通程度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的三维打印喷头结构,其特征在于,所述进料管包括内管与外管,其中所述内管穿设在所述外管,且所述外管固定在所述第一通孔。
3.根据权利要求2所述的三维打印喷头结构,其特征在于,所述内管的材质为铁氟龙,且所述外管的材质为不锈钢。
4.根据权利要求1所述的三维打印喷头结构,其特征在于,所述挡流件的材质为橡胶。
5.根据权利要求1所述的三维打印喷头结构,其特征在于,所述挡流件包括固定部与可挠部,其中所述固定部固定在所述进料通道与所述第二通孔之间,且所述可挠部连接所述固定部。
6.根据权利要求5所述的三维打印喷头结构,其特征在于,所述进料通道与所述第二通孔界定出所述线材的移动路径,所述可挠部配置用以遮断所述线材的移动路径的至少部分。
7.根据权利要求5所述的三维打印喷头结构,其特征在于,所述可挠部与所述固定部界定出可变开口,在所述可挠部受到所述线材挤压时,所述可变开口具有第一开口面积,在所述线材回抽至所述进料通道时,所述可变开口具有第二开口面积,其中所述第二开口面积小于所述第一开口面积。
8.根据权利要求5所述的三维打印喷头结构,其特征在于,所述固定部为环状结构,其中所述可挠部具有至少一个挡流体,且所述至少一挡流体连接所述固定部的内壁面。
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US15/495,986 US20180272623A1 (en) | 2017-03-27 | 2017-04-25 | Three-dimensional printing nozzle structure |
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US11584071B2 (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2023-02-21 | Signify Holding B.V. | Printer head for 3D printing |
WO2019213596A1 (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2019-11-07 | Addleap Ab | A system for drying a paste-based crafting mmedium during three-dimensional printing |
US11802714B2 (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2023-10-31 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Exhaust manifold for additive manufacturing |
US11981086B2 (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2024-05-14 | Ultimaker B.V. | Controlled retraction of filament |
CN113524675A (zh) * | 2020-04-14 | 2021-10-22 | 昆山博力迈三维打印科技有限公司 | 一种多流道3d打印机喷头 |
CN113787712B (zh) * | 2021-11-01 | 2023-03-21 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | 一种分体式fdm型3d打印机喷嘴*** |
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