CN108655313B - A kind of duplex forging forming technology introducing laser impact intensified internal spherical cage - Google Patents
A kind of duplex forging forming technology introducing laser impact intensified internal spherical cage Download PDFInfo
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- CN108655313B CN108655313B CN201810325201.7A CN201810325201A CN108655313B CN 108655313 B CN108655313 B CN 108655313B CN 201810325201 A CN201810325201 A CN 201810325201A CN 108655313 B CN108655313 B CN 108655313B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D10/00—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
- C21D10/005—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation by laser shock processing
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Abstract
The invention belongs to field of laser processing, and in particular to a kind of duplex forging forming technology for introducing laser impact intensified internal spherical cage.The laser impact intensified specific region for acting on forging metal flow drastic deformation position etc. and being also easy to produce fatigue failure is introduced on the basis of on temperature-cold forming process of forging, and its action time is located in the annealing time section after warm forging is completed.The impact field of force that laser blast wave generates is plastically deformed caused by the forging surface, pass through the complex effect with temperature field in annealing, promote the acceleration fusing of flaky carbide not only to improve the effect of annealing, also the mutual gain in terms of eliminating forging stress, to be effectively improved forging performance and refine its tissue, higher-quality internal spherical cage forging has been obtained.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of laser processing, and in particular to a kind of duplex forging for introducing laser impact intensified internal spherical cage
Forming technology, the forging especially suitable for vehicle transmission part constant speed universal joint inner ball cage.
Background technique
Constant speed universal joint inner ball cage is the axis connection that two axis are not overlapped, and makes two axis with identical angular speed
The mechanism of passing movement is the important component in car drive system, and effect is by the power of engine from speed changer (differential
Device) it is transmitted to the driving wheel of automobile, meet the requirement of car transmission shaft outer end corner, and the power of engine is steady, reliable
Pass to wheel, compensate the bounce of car inner end suspension, driving car is run at high speed；Constant velocity cardan joint mainly by internal spherical cage,
External ball cage, semiaxis composition, internal spherical cage play the role of glenoid, therefore its as part key in internal spherical cage in transmission
High quality manufacturing process is even more important.
In 650 DEG C~800 DEG C of warm forgings, it is in the critical point of steel or more, materials microstructure cannot sufficiently be changed,
And wherein 750 DEG C~800 DEG C temperature sections are exactly in the two-phase section of steel.So in the forging of this temperature range forming,
It needs to improve forging tissue by normalizing or annealing.Therefore.It is sharp in being finally introducing for annealing holding stage on this basis
Light shock peening can promote fusing of the flaky carbide in annealing due to the reaction of its shock zone adjacent material,
Higher residual compressive stress is obtained because its mechanics effect shows as material surface, forging internal stress is can effectively eliminate and improves quilt
The anti-fatigue performance of shock zone.Under the collective effect of the laser-impact field of force and annealing temperature field, higher quality can be obtained
Internal spherical cage forging.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is to improve the forging and molding quality of internal spherical cage, is introduced on the basis of on temperature-cold forming process of forging
The laser impact intensified specific region for acting on forging metal flow drastic deformation position etc. and being also easy to produce fatigue failure, and it is acted on
Time is located in the annealing soaking time section after the completion of warm forging.
Specific step is as follows:
(1) blanking, by high speed circular saw by pole steel sawing be cylindric blank；
(2) ball blast uses the burr and rust staining of Caterpillar type shot blasting machine removal blank surface, the road Bing Weixia equadag coating process
Surface treatment is carried out to prepare；
(3) blank preheating and equadag coating, using electric preheating furnace by blank heating to 150 DEG C~200 DEG C, then with manual
Spray gun sprays its surface, and one layer of graphite film of formation can effectively act as the effect of isolation with lubrication in forging；
(4) mid-frequency induction heating, using intermediate frequency furnace by blank heating to 800 DEG C~840 DEG C；
(5) three work step warm forgings forming, three work steps are forward extrusion bar portion respectively, upset poly- material, instead squeeze cup portion；Wherein blank pier
Thick draw ratio: L/d=1.5~2.5, when warm forging backward extrusion, will reserve 15%~20% deflection to cold-finishing；
(6) forging is heated to 20 DEG C~30 DEG C of its materials A c3 or more after finish-forging by forging full annealing, and heat preservation 2-4 is small
When, and introduce in it is annealed last 1 hour of holding stage it is laser impact intensified, complete it is laser impact intensified after it is cold with furnace
But it comes out of the stove again after air-cooled；The annealing range of warm forging will avoid the temperature range of spheroidizing, according to full annealing technological specification,
By the control of its insulation annealing temperature 20 DEG C~30 DEG C more than materials A c3, soaking time is 2-4 hours.Introduce large-area laser
Forging temperature need to be consistent with holding temperature when shock peening, action time be holding stage it is last within an hour, laser-impact
Strengthen after the completion of forging is slowly cooled to after 500 DEG C with furnace again come out of the stove it is air-cooled；
(7) laser impact intensified to act on metal flow drastic deformation etc. during forging process for fuel and be also easy to produce fatigue failure
Region, the complex effect in temperature field improves the matter of annealing when being kept the temperature using the residual stress and annealing of laser-impact field of force induction
Amount；Wherein laser impact intensified region be the junction of internal spherical cage cup portion and bar portion, bar portion ladder at etc. metal in forging
Drastic deformation region is also easy to produce the region of fatigue failure, and laser-impact parameter is wavelength 1054nm, 10~30J of pulse energy, arteries and veins
Wide 10ns~23ns, overlapping rate 50%, spot diameter 4mm~6mm, number of shocks 2~3 times, restraint layer is 0.3mm~1mm's
Water flow layer, absorbed layer is pitch-dark, the laser scanning speed 0.002m/s of 0.2mm~0.5mm, and its working environment is insulating ring
Among border；
(8) forging phosphorus saponification process, forms thin and uniform on forging surface, is adsorbed with saponified phosphate coating with full
The lubricating requirement of sufficient cold-finishing；
(9) forging cold-finishing obtains the more accurate finished product of shape and size.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: the impact field of force of laser blast wave causes plastic deformation on forging surface, by with
The complex effect in temperature field in annealing not only promotes the fusing of flaky carbide to improve the effect of annealing, is also eliminating forging
Mutual gain on stress obtains higher-quality forging to be effectively improved forging performance and thinning microstructure.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of duplex forging forming technology schematic diagram for introducing laser impact intensified internal spherical cage.
Fig. 2 is a kind of duplex forging forming technology temperature control schematic diagram for introducing laser impact intensified internal spherical cage.
Fig. 3 is certain type internal spherical cage warm forging artwork.
The micro- test comparison chart in front and back of internal spherical cage wall after Fig. 4 is forged using the method for the present invention.
Fig. 5 is that the forging equipment of internal spherical cage is extruded into shape schematic diagram with counter.Wherein 1 is forging equipment, and 2 forge work for internal spherical cage
Part.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but the present invention should not be only
It is limited to embodiment.
The present embodiment is forged to certain type constant velocity universal axis internal spherical cage forging, and material is 55 steel, warm forging technique and forging
Size is as shown in Figure 3.
A kind of implementation using above-mentioned forging method, specific steps are as follows:
(1) blanking, by high speed circular saw by pole steel sawing be cylindric blank, blank size Φ 67 × 87；
(2) ball blast, it is each using 0.7mm wedge angle sand+0.6mm pellet using the burr and rust staining of Caterpillar type shot blasting machine removal blank surface
50% ball sand, ball blast time 30min；
(3) blank preheating and equadag coating, using electric preheating furnace by blank heating to 160 DEG C, with spraying after blank preheating
Method coat the uniform graphite lotion of a layer thickness on its surface, and moisture is dried rapidly by the heat of blank, then
It is formed on its surface one layer of firm graphite film, wherein graphite lotion is using F331 water-based graphite cream；
(4) mid-frequency induction heating, using intermediate frequency furnace by blank heating to 800 DEG C；
(5) three work step warm forgings forming, three work steps are forward extrusion bar portion respectively, upset poly- material, instead squeeze cup portion；According to practical figure
Paper, the wherein upset draw ratio of blank: L/d=1.8, and enough deflections are reserved for cold-finishing；
(6) forging full annealing, forging surface temperature is about 750 DEG C after finish-forging, is then heated to 780 DEG C, is carried out
Heat preservation, according to forging's block dimension, is set as 2.5 hours for its soaking time, and it is strong to introduce laser-impact after keeping the temperature 1.5 hours
Change, complete it is laser impact intensified after forging is slowly cooled to after 500 DEG C with furnace come out of the stove it is air-cooled；
(7) laser impact intensified to act on metal flow drastic deformation etc. during forging process for fuel and be also easy to produce fatigue failure
Region, the complex effect in temperature field improves the matter of annealing when being kept the temperature using the residual stress and annealing of laser-impact field of force induction
Amount；Wherein laser impact intensified region be the junction of internal spherical cage cup portion and bar portion, bar portion ladder at etc. metal in forging
Drastic deformation region is also easy to produce the region of fatigue failure, and laser-impact parameter is wavelength 1054nm, pulse energy 15J, pulsewidth
10ns, overlapping rate 50%, spot diameter 4mm, number of shocks 2 times, restraint layer is 0.5mm water flow layer, and absorbed layer is 0.2mm's
It is pitch-dark, laser scanning speed 0.002m/s, and its working environment is among thermal environment；
(8) phosphorus saponification process, forms thin and uniform on forging surface, and it is cold to meet to be adsorbed with saponified phosphate coating
The lubricating requirement of finishing；
(9) forging cold-finishing obtains the more accurate finished product of shape and size.
(10) it samples, carries out microcosmic to using forging key position after forging after this method forging and original method forging respectively
Test.
As shown in figure 4, under the compound action in annealing thermal field and the laser impact intensified field of force, using the method for the present invention
Forging tissue produces the crystal grain refinement of higher degree, therefore the forging after improving forging compared to the forging tissue only annealed
Anti-fatigue performance, extending in forging service life has positive effect.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of duplex forging forming technology for introducing laser impact intensified internal spherical cage, it is characterised in that: keep the temperature rank in annealing
Being finally introducing for section is laser impact intensified, and the impact field of force that laser blast wave generates is plastically deformed caused by the forging surface, leads to
The complex effect with temperature field in annealing is crossed, not only promotes the acceleration fusing of flaky carbide to improve the effect of annealing, also exists
Mutual gain has obtained in higher-quality to be effectively improved forging performance and refine its tissue in terms of eliminating forging stress
Cage forging, the specific steps are as follows:
(1) blanking, by high speed circular saw by pole steel sawing be cylindric blank；
(2) ball blast, using the burr and rust staining of Caterpillar type shot blasting machine removal blank surface, the road Bing Weixia equadag coating process is carried out
Surface treatment prepares；
(3) then blank preheating and equadag coating spray its surface with manual spray gun using electric preheating furnace by blank heating,
The one layer of graphite film formed can effectively act as the effect of isolation with lubrication in forging；
(4) mid-frequency induction heating, using intermediate frequency furnace by blank heating；
(5) three work step warm forgings forming, three work steps are forward extrusion bar portion respectively, upset poly- material, instead squeeze cup portion；
(6) forging is heated to 20 DEG C~30 DEG C of its materials A c3 or more after finish-forging by forging full annealing, keeps the temperature 2-4 hours, and
Introduced in it is annealed last 1 hour of holding stage it is laser impact intensified, complete it is laser impact intensified after after furnace cooling
It comes out of the stove again air-cooled；The annealing range of warm forging will avoid the temperature range of spheroidizing, according to full annealing technological specification, by it
Insulation annealing temperature controls 20 DEG C~30 DEG C more than materials A c3, and soaking time is 2-4 hours；Introduce large-area laser impact
Forging temperature need to be consistent with holding temperature when reinforcing, action time be holding stage it is last within an hour, it is laser impact intensified
Forging is slowly cooled to after 500 DEG C with furnace again after the completion come out of the stove it is air-cooled；
(7) forging phosphorus saponification process, forms thin and uniform on forging surface, and it is cold to meet to be adsorbed with saponified phosphate coating
The lubricating requirement of finishing；
(8) forging cold-finishing obtains the accurate finished product of shape and size；
It is laser impact intensified to act on metal flow drastic deformation etc. during forging process for fuel and be also easy to produce tired mistake in step (6)
The region of effect, the complex effect in temperature field is annealed when being kept the temperature using the residual stress and annealing of laser-impact field of force induction to improve
Quality；Wherein laser impact intensified region be the junction of internal spherical cage cup portion and bar portion, bar portion ladder at gold in forging
Belonging to drastic deformation region and is also easy to produce the region of fatigue failure, laser-impact parameter is wavelength 1054nm, 10~30J of pulse energy,
Pulsewidth 10ns~23ns, overlapping rate 50%, spot diameter 4mm~6mm, number of shocks 2~3 times, restraint layer 0.3mm~1mm's
Water flow layer, absorbed layer is pitch-dark, the laser scanning speed 0.002m/s of 0.2mm~0.5mm, and its working environment is thermal environment
Among.
2. a kind of duplex forging forming technology for introducing laser impact intensified internal spherical cage as described in claim 1, feature
It is: in step (3), using electric preheating furnace by blank heating to 150 DEG C~200 DEG C.
3. a kind of duplex forging forming technology for introducing laser impact intensified internal spherical cage as described in claim 1, feature
It is: in step (4), using intermediate frequency furnace by blank heating to 800 DEG C~840 DEG C.
4. a kind of duplex forging forming technology for introducing laser impact intensified internal spherical cage as described in claim 1, feature
Be: in step (5), the upset draw ratio of blank: L/d=1.5~2.5, when warm forging backward extrusion, will reserve 15% to cold-finishing
~20% deflection.
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| CN201810325201.7A CN108655313B (en) | 2018-04-12 | 2018-04-12 | A kind of duplex forging forming technology introducing laser impact intensified internal spherical cage |
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| CN108655313B true CN108655313B (en) | 2019-11-08 |
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| CN111270180B (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2021-10-12 | 江苏大学 | Device and method for improving corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy through laser shock and phosphating treatment |
| CN114603252B (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2024-04-09 | 江苏大学 | Method and device for auxiliary laser shock micro-forming by medium-frequency electromagnetic induction heating |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102248101A (en) * | 2011-06-15 | 2011-11-23 | 江苏创一精锻有限公司 | Whole forging near net forming process for inner ball cage sliding sleeve |
| CN104673973A (en) * | 2015-02-10 | 2015-06-03 | 江苏大学 | Laser impact method for extrusion die key part |
| CN106467933A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-03-01 | 江苏大学 | A kind of laser shock peening method based on gradient crystal grain |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6344097B1 (en) * | 2000-05-26 | 2002-02-05 | Integran Technologies Inc. | Surface treatment of austenitic Ni-Fe-Cr-based alloys for improved resistance to intergranular-corrosion and-cracking |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102248101A (en) * | 2011-06-15 | 2011-11-23 | 江苏创一精锻有限公司 | Whole forging near net forming process for inner ball cage sliding sleeve |
| CN104673973A (en) * | 2015-02-10 | 2015-06-03 | 江苏大学 | Laser impact method for extrusion die key part |
| CN106467933A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-03-01 | 江苏大学 | A kind of laser shock peening method based on gradient crystal grain |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 三叉式内球笼外滑套温冷复合精锻成形技术及机理研究;李超;《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 工程科技Ⅰ辑》;20180115(第01期);第B022-506页 * |
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