CN108649603B - Grid-connected converter control method - Google Patents

Grid-connected converter control method Download PDF

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CN108649603B
CN108649603B CN201810432685.5A CN201810432685A CN108649603B CN 108649603 B CN108649603 B CN 108649603B CN 201810432685 A CN201810432685 A CN 201810432685A CN 108649603 B CN108649603 B CN 108649603B
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张华赢
朱正国
曾江
欧阳森
刘顺桂
孙杰
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Shenzhen Power Supply Co ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/01Arrangements for reducing harmonics or ripples
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2203/00Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2203/20Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/40Arrangements for reducing harmonics

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Abstract

The invention discloses a grid-connected converter control method, which comprises the following steps: step S1, establishing a model of the grid-connected converter, and calculating to obtain an output transfer function of the grid-connected converter; step S2, determining the harmonic frequency range to be suppressed, and setting corresponding PI parameters, initial temperature, initial value of virtual resistor, value range of virtual resistor resistance, iteration step number and stop criterion; step S3, establishing an optimization model of the grid-connected converter by taking a filter effect function to be optimized as a target function, taking a virtual resistance value as a decision variable and taking a annealing function and an annealing finishing criterion as constraints; and step S4, optimizing and solving the virtual resistor of the optimization model by adopting a simulated annealing algorithm, and determining the resistance value of the virtual resistor. The invention can enable the grid-connected converter to have the functions of outputting active power and suppressing harmonic waves at the same time, improve the utilization rate of the traditional grid-connected converter and reduce the harmonic wave treatment cost of a power grid.

Description

Grid-connected converter control method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power systems, in particular to a grid-connected converter control method.
Background
Although a large number of distributed power supplies are connected to the power distribution network, the local congestion problem of the power grid can be effectively relieved, the functions of local compensation of active power and reactive power and the like are realized, the output power of the distributed power supply power generation system is intermittent and uncertain, and a large number of power electronic current conversion devices are adopted, so that the problem of serious harmonic pollution is brought to the traditional power distribution network. A large amount of nonlinear loads also exist in the distributed power grid, and the problems of harmonic pollution and insufficient reactive power are aggravated. Harmonic pollution affects the normal operation of power system devices and even the entire distribution network system and must be managed.
The traditional harmonic treatment device is divided into two types: the passive filter has a simple structure, but the compensation characteristic is influenced by the impedance of a power grid, the passive filter is easy to resonate with a system during operation, and only fixed harmonic waves can be compensated; the active filter is based on the power electronic technology, can compensate the harmonic current of a specific line by taking the harmonic current as a compensation object, and is limited in governing range.
Considering that the converter and the active filter have similar topological structures, the control strategy of the converter is improved, so that the influence of the converter on the power quality of a power grid can be reduced, other harmonic pollution sources in a power distribution grid system can be inhibited, and the harmonic treatment cost of the system is reduced. Generally, a harmonic suppression strategy takes harmonic current of a line as a compensation object, but the strategy has certain limitation in a multi-harmonic source system, so that a harmonic suppression strategy taking harmonic voltage of a grid-connected point as a compensation object is provided by research, and the harmonic voltage of the grid-connected point is suppressed by controlling a harmonic equivalent output resistor of a converter.
However, due to uncertainty of the system and the load, specific values of the line impedance and the equivalent harmonic current source of the nonlinear load cannot be accurately obtained through calculation, but due to existence of the optimal virtual resistor and an extreme value of a function of the harmonic power and the virtual resistance value, the virtual resistance value can be optimized by using a certain optimization algorithm. The simulated annealing algorithm is based on the solid annealing principle, the solid is heated to be sufficiently high and then is slowly cooled, during heating, the particles in the solid become disordered along with the temperature rise, the internal energy is increased, during slow cooling, the particles gradually become orderly, the equilibrium state is reached at each temperature, and finally the ground state is reached at normal temperature, and the internal energy is reduced to be minimum. The application of the simulated annealing algorithm to the converter control algorithm with harmonic suppression is a feasible direction.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a grid-connected converter control method to dynamically adjust the equivalent output harmonic resistance of a converter, so that the node harmonic voltage level of a distributed power distribution network system is effectively reduced.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a control method of a grid-connected converter, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, establishing a model of the grid-connected converter, and calculating to obtain an output transfer function of the grid-connected converter;
step S2, determining the harmonic frequency range to be suppressed, and setting corresponding PI parameters, initial temperature, initial value of virtual resistor, value range of virtual resistor resistance, iteration step number and stop criterion;
step S3, establishing an optimization model of the grid-connected converter by taking a filter effect function to be optimized as a target function, taking a virtual resistance value as a decision variable and taking a annealing function and an annealing finishing criterion as constraints;
and step S4, optimizing and solving the virtual resistor of the optimization model by adopting a simulated annealing algorithm, and determining the resistance value of the virtual resistor.
Wherein, the step S1 specifically includes:
step S11, setting a topological structure of the grid-connected converter, wherein the distributed DC power supply voltage provides stable DC side capacitor voltage for the DC side through a boost circuit, the stable DC side capacitor voltage is output through a three-level converter SVPWM, and an LCL filter circuit is adopted for output filtering;
and step S12, deducing an output transfer function of the grid-connected converter through an LCL filter circuit according to the topological structure.
Wherein, the step S2 specifically includes:
step S21, setting the minimum compensation harmonic frequency and the maximum compensation harmonic frequency of the grid-connected converter;
step S22, setting PI parameters of the minimum compensation harmonic frequency and the maximum compensation harmonic frequency respectively;
step S23, setting the initial value and the value range of the virtual resistance;
and step S24, setting iteration step number and stopping criterion according to the required precision, and providing constraints for the annealing function and the annealing ending criterion.
The virtual resistance value range is determined according to equivalent impedance of nonlinear load and superior background harmonic voltage estimated by a single-phase circuit diagram of the power distribution network.
Wherein, the step S3 specifically includes:
step S31, constructing and describing a filtering effect function of the grid-connected converter on the grid-connected point voltage harmonic, and solving the minimum value according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0001653846930000031
wherein h ═ fmin/f0Representing the order corresponding to the maximum compensation harmonic frequency, H ═ fmax/f0Representing the order, V, corresponding to the maximum compensated harmonic frequency1Representing the effective value of the fundamental component, VnRepresenting the effective value of the harmonic component;
step S32, constrained by the annealing function d (x) and the annealing end criterion:
Figure BDA0001653846930000032
wherein, Δ THD represents the variation of total harmonic distortion rate THD before and after the resistance value of the virtual resistor is changed, ε is control precision, and N is the upper limit of iteration times.
Wherein, the step S4 specifically includes:
step S41, arbitrarily selecting the initial value R of the virtual resistanceV0Setting an initial temperature t0:RVi=RV0,t0=tmaxThe objective function THD (R) at this time is calculatedVi);
Step S42, if the internal circulation stop condition is reached at the temperature, the method goes to stepA step S43; otherwise, from neighborhood N (R)Vi) Randomly selecting one R from the groupVjCalculating a new target function THD (R)Vj) Then, the amount of change between the two objective functions is calculated: Δ THD ═ THD (R)Vj)-THD(RVi) (ii) a If Δ THD is less than or equal to 0, then RViRemains unchanged, otherwise if exp (- Δ THD)ij/tk) > random (0,1), then R isVjValue given to RVi(ii) a Repeating step S42;
step S43, annealing function d (t)k) Is given to tk+1(ii) a Adding 1 to the number of iterations: k is k + 1; and judging whether the upper limit of the iteration times is reached, if the stop condition is met, stopping the calculation, and if not, returning to the step S42.
The embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the grid-connected converter has the functions of outputting active power and suppressing harmonic waves at the same time, the utilization rate of the traditional grid-connected converter is improved, and the harmonic wave treatment cost of a power grid is reduced;
the harmonic waves are restrained based on a virtual resistance method, node voltage harmonic waves caused by multiple paths of nonlinear loads can be compensated at the same time, and the method is very suitable for a distributed grid-connected converter;
the method has the advantages that the optimal virtual resistance value of the grid-connected converter is quickly searched by adopting a simulated annealing algorithm, so that the node voltage harmonic level can be minimized under the condition that the converter is ensured to normally send active power.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a control method of a grid-connected converter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a topology structure of a grid-connected converter in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a single-phase circuit of a power distribution network in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments refers to the accompanying drawings, which are included to illustrate specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a grid-connected converter control method, including the following steps:
step S1, establishing a model of the grid-connected converter, and calculating to obtain an output transfer function of the grid-connected converter;
step S2, determining the harmonic frequency range to be suppressed, and setting corresponding PI parameters, initial temperature, initial value of virtual resistor, value range of virtual resistor resistance, iteration step number and stop criterion;
step S3, establishing an optimization model of the grid-connected converter by taking a filter effect function to be optimized as a target function, taking a virtual resistance value as a decision variable and taking a annealing function and an annealing finishing criterion as constraints;
and step S4, optimizing and solving the virtual resistor of the optimization model by adopting a simulated annealing algorithm, and determining the resistance value of the virtual resistor.
Step S1 specifically includes the following steps:
step S11, setting a topological structure of the grid-connected converter;
as an example, in the embodiment of the present invention, a topology structure of a grid-connected converter is as shown in fig. 2, a distributed dc power voltage provides a stable dc-side capacitor voltage for a dc side through a boost circuit, the dc-side capacitor voltage is output through a three-level converter SVPWM, and an LCL filter circuit is used for output filtering, so that higher harmonics can be effectively filtered. Wherein L is1、C、L2An LCL type output filter circuit of the grid-connected converter is formed; u shapedcThe direct current side capacitor voltage output by the distributed direct current power supply after being boosted by the boost circuit is represented; zSRepresenting the grid equivalent impedance.
Step S12, deriving an output transfer function of the grid-connected converter through the LCL filter circuit according to the topology, specifically, calculating according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0001653846930000041
s is Laplace operator, and L is the parameter value of LCL filter circuit1=0.74mH,C=6.6μF,L2The resonant frequency of the output transfer function is 8.66kHz, the gain is high when the frequency is lower than the resonant frequency, and the gain is attenuated when the frequency is higher than the resonant frequency, so that the LCL output filter circuit can effectively retain the output of low-frequency harmonics and effectively suppress high-frequency harmonics, and can be used for outputting low-order harmonics so as to suppress the low-order harmonics.
The quantization of each condition mentioned in step S2 includes the following processes:
step S21, setting the minimum compensation harmonic frequency f of the grid-connected converterminAnd maximum compensation harmonic frequency fmax
Step S22, PI control is adopted in the current inner loop, and the minimum compensation harmonic frequency f is respectively adoptedminAnd maximum compensation harmonic frequency fmaxThe PI parameter of the system is set to realize better error-free control;
step S23, setting a virtual resistor RVInitial values and value ranges thereof; the initial value of the virtual resistance is always 1/R V0; when the value of the virtual resistor is too small, the compensation instruction is too large to affect the normal operation of the grid-connected converter, so that the value range of the value of the resistance needs to be limited, and the value can be determined by estimating the equivalent impedance of the nonlinear load and the upper-level background harmonic voltage according to the single-phase circuit diagram of the power distribution network shown in fig. 3.
And step S24, setting iteration step number N and a stop criterion according to the required precision epsilon, and providing constraints for the annealing function d (x) and the annealing end criterion.
Step S3 specifically includes the following steps:
step S31, constructing and describing a filtering effect function of the grid-connected converter on the voltage harmonic of the grid-connected point;
under the combined action of nonlinear load and superior background harmonic voltage, the voltage of a grid-connected point of the grid-connected converter is distorted, all harmonic times are represented by subscript n, and the optimal filtering effect is achieved by the following steps:
Figure BDA0001653846930000051
wherein h ═ fmin/f0Representing the order corresponding to the maximum compensation harmonic frequency, H ═ fmax/f0Representing the order, V, corresponding to the maximum compensated harmonic frequency1Representing the effective value of the fundamental component, VnRepresenting the effective value of the harmonic component.
Step S32, constrained by the annealing function d (x) and the annealing end criterion:
Figure BDA0001653846930000052
wherein, Δ THD represents the variation of total harmonic distortion rate THD before and after the resistance value of the virtual resistor is changed, ε is control precision, and N is the upper limit of iteration times.
Step S4 is to apply simulated annealing algorithm to the virtual resistor RVPerforming optimization solution to determine the resistance value of the virtual resistor, specifically comprising the following steps:
step S41, arbitrarily selecting the initial value R of the virtual resistanceV0Setting an initial temperature t0:RVi=RV0,t0=tmax(i.e., the initial temperature is set to the maximum limit), and the objective function THD (R) at that time is calculatedVi);
Step S42, if the internal circulation stop condition is reached at the temperature, go to step S43; otherwise, from neighborhood N (R)Vi) Randomly selecting one R from the groupVjCalculating a new target function THD (R)Vj) Then, the amount of change between the two objective functions is calculated: Δ THD: ═ THD (R)Vj)-THD(RVi) (ii) a If Δ THD is less than or equal to 0, then RVi:=RViOtherwise if exp (- Δ THD)ij/tk) Greater than random (0,1), then RVi:=RVj(ii) a Repeating step S42;
step S43, tk+1=d(tk) (ii) a k is k + 1; if full ofAnd (4) judging whether the upper limit of the iteration times is reached or not according to the stop condition, and stopping the calculation, otherwise, returning to the step S42.
As can be seen from the above description, compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present invention have the following advantages:
the grid-connected converter has the functions of outputting active power and suppressing harmonic waves at the same time, the utilization rate of the traditional grid-connected converter is improved, and the harmonic wave treatment cost of a power grid is reduced;
the harmonic waves are restrained based on a virtual resistance method, node voltage harmonic waves caused by multiple paths of nonlinear loads can be compensated at the same time, and the method is very suitable for a distributed grid-connected converter;
the method has the advantages that the optimal virtual resistance value of the grid-connected converter is quickly searched by adopting a simulated annealing algorithm, so that the node voltage harmonic level can be minimized under the condition that the converter is ensured to normally send active power.
The above disclosure is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it is therefore to be understood that the invention is not limited by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (5)

1. A grid-connected converter control method comprises the following steps:
step S1, establishing a model of the grid-connected converter, and calculating to obtain an output transfer function of the grid-connected converter;
step S2, determining the harmonic frequency range to be suppressed, and setting corresponding PI parameters, initial temperature, initial value of virtual resistor, value range of virtual resistor resistance, iteration step number and stop criterion;
step S3, establishing an optimization model of the grid-connected converter by taking a filter effect function to be optimized as a target function, taking a virtual resistance value as a decision variable and taking a annealing function and an annealing finishing criterion as constraints;
step S4, optimizing and solving the virtual resistor of the optimization model by adopting a simulated annealing algorithm, and determining the resistance value of the virtual resistor;
the step S3 specifically includes:
step S31, constructing and describing a filtering effect function of the grid-connected converter on the grid-connected point voltage harmonic, and solving the minimum value according to the following formula:
Figure FDA0002931879580000011
wherein h ═ fmin/f0Representing the order corresponding to the maximum compensation harmonic frequency, H ═ fmax/f0Representing the order, V, corresponding to the maximum compensated harmonic frequency1Representing the effective value of the fundamental component, VnRepresenting the effective value of the harmonic component;
step S32, constrained by the annealing function d (x) and the annealing end criterion:
Figure FDA0002931879580000012
wherein, Delta THD represents the variation of total harmonic distortion rate THD before and after the resistance value of the virtual resistor is changed, epsilon is control precision, RvAnd k is the iteration number, and N is the upper limit of the iteration number.
2. The control method according to claim 1, wherein the step S1 specifically includes:
step S11, setting a topological structure of the grid-connected converter, wherein the distributed DC power supply voltage provides stable DC side capacitor voltage for the DC side through a boost circuit, the stable DC side capacitor voltage is output through a three-level converter SVPWM, and an LCL filter circuit is adopted for output filtering;
and step S12, deducing an output transfer function of the grid-connected converter through an LCL filter circuit according to the topological structure.
3. The control method according to claim 1, wherein the step S2 specifically includes:
step S21, setting the minimum compensation harmonic frequency and the maximum compensation harmonic frequency of the grid-connected converter;
step S22, setting PI parameters of the minimum compensation harmonic frequency and the maximum compensation harmonic frequency respectively;
step S23, setting the initial value and the value range of the virtual resistance;
and step S24, setting iteration step number and stopping criterion according to the required precision, and providing constraints for the annealing function and the annealing ending criterion.
4. The control method according to claim 3, wherein the virtual resistance value range is determined according to equivalent impedances of the single-phase circuit diagram of the power distribution network, the estimated nonlinear load and the upper-level background harmonic voltage.
5. The control method according to claim 1, wherein the step S4 specifically includes:
step S41, arbitrarily selecting the initial value R of the virtual resistanceV0Setting an initial temperature t0:RVi=RV0,t0=tmaxThe objective function THD (R) at this time is calculatedVi);
Step S42, if the internal circulation stop condition is reached at the temperature, go to step S43; otherwise, from neighborhood N (R)Vi) Randomly selecting one R from the groupVjCalculating a new target function THD (R)Vj) Then, the amount of change between the two objective functions is calculated: Δ THD ═ THD (R)Vj)-THD(RVi) (ii) a If Δ THD is less than or equal to 0, then RViRemains unchanged, otherwise if exp (- Δ THD)ij/tk)>random (0,1), then R isVjValue given to RVi(ii) a Repeating step S42;
step S43, annealing function d (t)k) Is given to tk+1(ii) a Adding 1 to the number of iterations: k is k + 1; and judging whether the upper limit of the iteration times is reached, if the stop condition is met, stopping the calculation, and if not, returning to the step S42.
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