CN108627827B - Device and method for realizing millimeter wave radar wide-area long-distance target detection - Google Patents
Device and method for realizing millimeter wave radar wide-area long-distance target detection Download PDFInfo
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- CN108627827B CN108627827B CN201810242099.4A CN201810242099A CN108627827B CN 108627827 B CN108627827 B CN 108627827B CN 201810242099 A CN201810242099 A CN 201810242099A CN 108627827 B CN108627827 B CN 108627827B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/06—Systems determining position data of a target
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
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Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for realizing wide-area long-distance target detection of a millimeter wave radar. The device comprises an antenna array, an antenna array controller, a millimeter wave processing component and a signal control component, wherein the antenna array is controlled by the antenna array controller, and the millimeter wave processing component is connected with the antenna array through the antenna array controller; the signal control component is connected with the millimeter wave processing component; the radiation direction angles of different array elements of the antenna array are different; the antenna array controller is used for starting a target array element corresponding to the current time sequence in the antenna array according to a preset time sequence. According to the invention, the antenna array capable of emitting different beams can be realized by controlling the distance between the adjacent radiation units, and the obtained antenna array has a light and compact structure; and meanwhile, the complex Butler matrix network, the radio frequency phase shifter and the amplifier are avoided, and the design and the implementation are easy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of radar communication and array signal processing, and is particularly suitable for application occasions for performing long-distance wide-area range detection on a plurality of targets in a static or moving state; the invention particularly relates to a device and a method for realizing wide-area long-distance target detection of a millimeter wave radar.
Background
The quality of the target detection technology directly influences the detection effect and precision. In summary, the following techniques for detecting objects can be classified into the following categories:
first, ultrasound, infrared, camera or microwave detection. The ultrasonic detection distance is too small, and the ultrasonic detection device is easily influenced by the environment and wind, and the use occasion is limited. Infrared technology has been widely used in automatic door opening and closing devices, but is mainly used in indoor applications due to its susceptibility to outdoor light and temperature. The camera is one of the most widely used target recording and detecting means at present, but the rain and fog weather has great influence on the detection effect, so the camera has the limitation of use.
And secondly, a radar system for detecting by adopting millimeter wave single wave beams. Millimeter-wave radar is a radar technology that detects an object using electromagnetic waves having a wavelength of the order of millimeters. Millimeter-wave radars have many advantages over conventional radar systems: firstly, the size of components of the millimeter wave radar system can be smaller in a millimeter wave frequency band; in addition, the target detection precision of the radar in the millimeter wave frequency band can be higher. And finally, the millimeter wave is used as a radio wave detection means, and has very good detection performance in outdoor extreme rainy and foggy weather, so that the millimeter wave has huge market prospect, and has many applications in the aspects of modern automatic driving, industrial robots, intelligent traffic control, unmanned aerial vehicles anti-collision and the like.
The large beam gain and high resolution are the main advantages of millimeter wave single beam, but the millimeter wave single beam millimeter wave target detection method cannot perform target detection in a large angle range. According to the technical scheme disclosed in the Chinese patent, a microstrip series-fed array antenna (patent number CN107623192A) combined with a parallel-fed common network, under the condition that the output power of the front end of a millimeter wave radar is constant, the detection range is always in inverse proportion to the gain of the antenna. In order to carry out a large-scale detection, a plurality of sets of radar systems are used for covering, and the cost is greatly increased.
In order to expand the detection angle range of the millimeter wave radar, the following efforts have been made in the prior art:
(1) and detecting a large-range target by adopting mechanical scanning. The radar can be installed and placed on a rotary motor for scanning, such as a new mechanical scanning radar device (patent number: CN102864263A) for measuring the shape of the blast furnace burden surface. However, the scanning speed is low due to the speed limit of mechanical rotation, which is not beneficial to tracking and detecting the quick maneuvering target; in addition, the stability and the service life of the mechanical system are lower than those of an electronic system, the mechanical failure-free time is less than 1000 hours, and the failure rate is higher.
(2) And detecting a large-range target by using a phased array. By adding an electronic phase shifter, a phased array radar is formed to carry out electronic scanning, such as a dynamic target simulator (patent number: CN102012504A) of a Chinese patent airborne secondary radar phased array inquiry system. But the hardware needs a high-frequency phase shifter and an amplifier to control the phase and the gain, so the cost is high; in addition, the beam can change due to different directions of the frequency in the scanning process, and the wave shape can generate beam broadening and distortion. Too narrow an operating frequency directly limits its scanning range.
(3) And detecting a large-range target by using a Butler matrix. Through designing a Butler matrix, phase control is respectively carried out on each antenna array unit, thereby realizing beam switching scanning, for example, a two-dimensional beam scanning antenna array (patent number: CN105186139A) based on substrate integrated waveguide in Chinese patent belongs to a beam switching type scanning method; because a phase shifter and a 3dB bridge coupler need to be additionally designed, the circuit board is large due to the fact that a large amount of printed circuit board area is occupied; the complexity of the Butler matrix is in direct proportion to the number of steps of the radar antenna to be scanned; beam broadening and distortion can also occur during scanning.
In summary, the radar technology for target detection generally has the characteristics of being greatly influenced by environmental factors, having an excessively narrow detection range, having poor system stability, having high cost and being excessively complex.
Disclosure of Invention
The method aims to solve the problems that the detection distance of the single-beam millimeter wave radar is too small and the range is too narrow; the invention discloses a device and a method for realizing wide-area long-distance target detection of a millimeter wave radar. The invention can be used for measuring speed and distance of the target and detecting the direction of the target without the help of multi-antenna technology.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an apparatus for realizing millimeter wave radar wide-area long-distance target detection, comprising:
the millimeter wave processing assembly is connected with the antenna array through the antenna array controller; the signal control component is connected with the millimeter wave processing component;
the radiation direction angles of different array elements of the antenna array are different; the antenna array controller is used for starting a target array element corresponding to the current time sequence in the antenna array according to a preset time sequence.
Further, the millimeter wave processing component is used for generating millimeter waves and performing millimeter wave sending and echo signal receiving;
and the signal control component is used for acquiring and processing the echo signal transmitted by the millimeter wave processing component.
Furthermore, the device also comprises a power supply module, wherein the power supply module is used for supplying power to the antenna array controller, the millimeter wave processing assembly and the signal control assembly.
Further, the antenna array controller is composed of a radio frequency switch matrix and a controller for controlling the radio frequency switch matrix, and the controller is used for controlling the radio frequency switch matrix according to a preset time sequence.
Further, the millimeter wave processing assembly comprises a microwave circuit, a millimeter wave radio frequency front end assembly and a waveform generator; the signal control assembly comprises a down-conversion circuit, an intermediate frequency amplifier, a signal processing circuit and a display module which are connected in sequence.
Further, the waveform generator generates a doppler continuous wave, a frequency modulated continuous wave or a frequency shift keying modulated wave.
Furthermore, the signal processing circuit is used for sampling radar target echoes, performing Fourier operation to extract speed and/or position information of the target, tracking and identifying the target, and outputting a real-time detection result to the display module.
A method for realizing millimeter wave radar wide-area long-distance target detection is implemented by the device, and comprises the following steps:
generating a waveform modulation signal;
communicating a target array element corresponding to the current time sequence in the antenna array according to a preset time sequence;
transmitting the processed waveform modulation signal by the target array element;
receiving echo signals by a target array element;
and processing the echo signals.
Further, if the FMCW modulated signal is used for speed measurement, the frequency is swept from 24GHz to 24.25 GHz.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the device and the method for realizing the wide-area long-distance target detection of the millimeter wave radar have the following beneficial effects:
the invention mainly solves the problems of over-small detection distance and over-narrow range of the fixed main beam millimeter wave radar; meanwhile, compared with a beam scanning method utilizing a Butler matrix and a phased array, the beam scanning method is lower in cost, simpler in structure and easy to realize. The method can improve the target detection range to the maximum extent under the condition of lowest cost and complexity, and reduce detection blind spots; the horizontal direction detection of the target by using a plurality of low-gain antennas can be avoided; the invention is beneficial to improving the detection efficiency and realizing all-weather target detection.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for detecting a wide-area long-distance target by a millimeter-wave radar according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of an antenna element design method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of a target array provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an antenna element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional radiation pattern of a microstrip series-fed antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of matching performance provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an rf switch matrix control antenna array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a simulation result of implementing wide area scanning based on a radio frequency switch matrix according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a block diagram of an apparatus for implementing wide-area long-distance target detection of millimeter-wave radar according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for implementing wide-area long-distance target detection of millimeter-wave radar according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a flowchart of a method for performing target detection based on the millimeter wave radar wide-area long-distance target detection device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment of the invention firstly discloses a method for detecting a wide-area remote target of a millimeter wave radar, which comprises the following steps as shown in figure 1;
and S101, generating millimeter wave beams for detection.
And S102, under the control of a preset time sequence, transmitting the millimeter wave beam at a constant frequency by a target array element corresponding to the current time sequence in the antenna array, wherein the radiation direction angles of different array elements of the antenna array are different.
In the embodiment of the invention, the antenna array is used for realizing the full coverage of the target range under the fixed frequency point, so that the large-angle target detection is realized on the premise of not additionally increasing a mechanical structure and not changing the millimeter wave beam frequency, and the antenna array can cover all the angles to be detected.
And S103, receiving the echo of the millimeter wave beam by the target array element.
S104, acquiring a detection result of the target object generating the echo.
In order to obtain antenna array elements with different radiation direction angles at a fixed frequency point, the embodiment of the present invention further discloses an antenna array element design method, as shown in fig. 2, including:
D1. and generating a target radiation direction angle of the antenna array element.
Specifically, the target radiation direction angle of the antenna array element is set according to the angle which needs to be detected by the antenna array.
In one possible implementation, multiple half-power beam widths pointing to different antenna elements are combined in an overlapping manner to achieve full coverage of the target range. Assuming a total of N array elements, the antenna array is divided into an upper part and a lower part with the middle as a boundary. When the antenna array elements are designed, when N is an even number, only N/2 upper half antenna array elements are needed to be designed, and the antenna array elements can obtain wave beams with different radiation direction angles; then the antenna array element of the lower half portion only needs to rotate the antenna array element of the upper half portion by 180 degrees, and the antenna array element can be used for covering the lower half portion in an angle mode. Similarly, when N is an odd number, only (N-1)/2 upper half antenna elements and 1 middle antenna element need to be designed, and then the antenna elements of the lower half need to be rotated by 180 degrees to be used for angular coverage of the lower half.
Of course, in another possible implementation, each antenna element may be designed separately according to specific requirements.
D2. And designing the antenna array element according to a preset target formula.
Specifically, the antenna element may also be an antenna array structure, which is referred to as a target array in the embodiment of the present invention, and D2 is a design step for the target array.
In one possible embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the target array is a series fed microstrip array. The structure can be designed into a traveling wave structure for terminating a load, and can also be designed into a standing wave structure with short-circuited terminals or open-circuited terminals. The target array may utilize similar structures to achieve main beam scanning at the same frequency. The main beam is the main lobe of the antenna radiation pattern. The narrower the main beam width, the better the directivity of the antenna and the longer the range.
In the series-fed microstrip array, the phase difference of feeding between two adjacent radiating elements can occur due to the space spacing
Wherein L isf+LpIs the distance between two adjacent radiating elements, λgIs the wavelength of the millimeter wave in the dielectric substrate.
The adjacent two radiation units are at the target radiation direction angle
There will be a spatial phase difference in the observation
Where λ is the wavelength of the millimeter wave in air. In order to achieve maximum forward coherent superposition between two radiation elements, the total phase difference between two adjacent radiation elements is deltatotal＝δfeed+δ space2 pi, the preset target formula can be obtained
The preset target formula is used for describing the relation between the distance between the radiation units and the target radiation direction angle.
When the frequency is constant, the free space wavelength lambda and the medium wavelength lambdagThe antenna array element is kept unchanged, the series-fed microstrip antenna array which is at the angle along the target radiation direction and realizes the maximum positive coherence can be obtained by setting the distance between two adjacent radiation units, and the series-fed microstrip antenna array with the structure can be used as the antenna array element in the embodiment of the invention. In particular LfAnd LpThe specific numerical value of (a) can be independently designed by a person skilled in the art in a specific research and development link on the premise of ensuring that a preset target formula is established.
Under the condition of the same working frequency point, different beam directions can be obtained by adjusting the distance between adjacent radiation units; the series-fed microstrip array presents a certain quasi-periodic structure and comprises a plurality of radiating units with similar shapes and different sizes, and coherent superposition is carried out through the number of the radiating units to realize high gain and ultra-narrow beams, so that the detection distance and the resolution are improved.
In the embodiment of the present invention, an antenna element is further provided, where the antenna element is specifically a microstrip series-fed antenna array, as shown in fig. 4, it should be noted that this does not limit the protection scope of the present invention. The microstrip series-fed antenna array works at 24GHz, and the dielectric substrate adopts RO4350B, the thickness is 10mil and the dielectric constant is 3.5. A two-dimensional radiation pattern of the microstrip series-fed antenna array is shown in fig. 5, and a very narrow beam with 20 degrees can be realized through 10 radiation units in a horizontal azimuth angle, and the gain reaches 14 dBi; a wide range of scanning over an angular range of greater than 90 degrees can be achieved in the pitch angular direction. The matching performance of the antenna is shown in fig. 6, and a very good matching effect is achieved in the target frequency band of 24GHz to 24.25 GHz.
Preferably, the radiating element may include a dielectric substrate, an upper antenna radiating metal substrate and a dielectric back metal ground. The width of the metal patch is of a gradual change structure, so that the balance between the radiation efficiency and the antenna bandwidth is favorably realized.
It should be noted that, as can be known from related experiments, when the distance between adjacent radiation units in a target array element changes from one sixteenth medium wavelength to one third medium wavelength, the main beam pointing direction can implement step scanning in a wide angle range. By the effective design of the method, the long-distance target detection with a larger range can be realized.
On the premise of obtaining an antenna array capable of realizing full coverage of a target range under a fixed frequency point, in order to realize sequential scanning in the target range, the scanning process needs to be controlled. In order to sequentially execute step S102 in the embodiment of the present invention, a radio frequency switch matrix is adopted in the embodiment of the present invention, and a radio frequency switch in the radio frequency switch matrix is connected to a feed input point of an antenna array element. As shown in fig. 7, the signal processing controller may be additionally utilized to sequentially switch the rf switches in the rf switch matrix, so as to open the target array element according to a preset timing sequence, thereby implementing beam scanning in a long-distance wide area space. The number of the radio frequency switches is determined according to the angle range to be covered and the half-power beam width of the antenna array element; the rf switch matrix may be comprised of any single pole, multiple throw switch. Please refer to fig. 8, which further provides a schematic diagram of simulation results for implementing wide area scanning based on the rf switch matrix.
The embodiment of the invention realizes all-weather long-distance wide-area target detection by using the high-gain antenna array to match with the radio frequency matrix switch to carry out electronic scanning on the target range. Compared with the traditional mechanical motor rotary scanning, the system stability and the scanning speed are greatly improved; compared with the phased array radar, the system complexity and the single-machine radar cost are reduced, and therefore effective extension of military radar technology in industrial and civil fields is achieved.
Another embodiment of the present invention further provides an apparatus for implementing millimeter wave radar wide-area long-distance target detection, as shown in fig. 9, including:
the antenna array comprises an antenna array 1, an antenna array controller, a millimeter wave processing component and a signal control component, wherein the antenna array 1 is controlled by the antenna array controller, and the millimeter wave processing component is connected with the antenna array 1 through the antenna array controller; the signal control component is connected with the millimeter wave processing component;
the millimeter wave processing assembly is used for generating millimeter waves and carrying out millimeter wave sending and echo signal receiving;
the signal control component is used for acquiring and processing the echo signal transmitted by the millimeter wave processing component;
the radiation direction angles of different array elements of the antenna array are different; the antenna array can cover all angles to be detected.
The antenna array controller is used for starting a target array element corresponding to the current time sequence in the antenna array according to a preset time sequence.
The device also comprises a power supply module which is used for supplying power to the antenna array controller, the millimeter wave processing assembly and the signal control assembly.
The device is mainly used for realizing remote target detection and mainly comprises the following steps: generating a waveform modulation signal; communicating a target array element corresponding to the current time sequence in the antenna array according to a preset time sequence; transmitting the processed waveform modulation signal by the target array element; receiving echo signals by a target array element; and processing the echo signals.
In a possible implementation, the antenna array controller may be composed of a radio frequency switch matrix and a controller for controlling the radio frequency switch matrix, and the controller is configured to control the radio frequency switch matrix according to a preset timing sequence; in another possible embodiment, the rf switch matrix may also be built in with a control unit, so as to independently implement the timing control for the antenna array 1.
In a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 10, the antenna array controller functions as a radio frequency switch matrix 2. The millimeter wave processing assembly comprises a microwave circuit 3, a millimeter wave radio frequency front end assembly 4 and a waveform generator 5; the signal control assembly comprises a down-conversion circuit 6, an intermediate frequency amplifier 7, a signal processing circuit 8 and a display module 9 which are connected in sequence, and the down-conversion circuit 6 is connected with the millimeter wave radio frequency front end assembly 4. The antenna array 1, the radio frequency switch matrix 2, the microwave circuit 3, the millimeter wave radio frequency front end component 4 and the waveform generator 5 are connected in sequence and bidirectionally.
Of course, in another possible implementation, the down-conversion circuit 6 may be built into the millimeter wave processing component, or the signal control component.
In particular, the waveform generator 5 may generate a doppler continuous wave, a frequency modulated continuous wave or a frequency shift keying modulated wave. The Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) is suitable for measuring distance and speed, and the frequency shift keying modulated wave (FSK) is suitable for measuring distance and speed of moving objects.
The microwave circuit 3 may comprise a power combiner, a filter, etc. The waveform generator 5 is used for generating a modulation signal of a specified frequency band and sending the modulation signal to the millimeter wave radio frequency front end component 4; the down-conversion circuit 6 is used for converting the received echo signal into an intermediate frequency signal; the intermediate frequency amplifier 7 is used for amplifying the intermediate frequency signal; the signal processing circuit 8 and the display module 9 are used for sampling, processing and displaying data.
Specifically, the intermediate frequency amplifier 7 may further include an intermediate frequency matching filter and a pre-low noise amplifier. The signal processing circuit 8 can be a microcontroller with a digital signal processing function, or can be an FPGA processing chip; the signal processing circuit 8 may be configured to sample the radar target echo and perform fourier operation to extract speed and/or position information of the target, track and identify the target, and output a real-time detection result to the display module 9.
Please refer to fig. 11, which illustrates a method for target detection based on the millimeter wave radar wide-area long-distance target detection apparatus, including:
s201, a waveform generator generates a waveform modulation signal.
In one possible embodiment, if the FMCW modulated signal is used for speed measurement, the frequency is swept from 24GHz to 24.25GHz, and the frequency points are the same during one antenna sweep period. Accordingly, the antenna array is an antenna array with a bandwidth of 250MHz, and the pattern of the antenna array changes slightly when the frequency changes from 24GHz to 24.25 GHz.
S202, the radio frequency switch matrix is communicated with a target array element corresponding to the current time sequence in the antenna array according to the preset time sequence.
And S203, the waveform modulation signal is subjected to up-conversion, passes through a microwave circuit and a radio frequency switch matrix and is transmitted out by a target array element.
The up-conversion is achieved by a mixing function, and the mixing may be achieved by the millimeter wave rf front-end component 4, or may be achieved by other independent components.
And S204, receiving the echo signal by the target array element.
S205, the echo signal passes through a radio frequency switch matrix, a microwave circuit and a down-conversion circuit to obtain an intermediate frequency signal.
S206, the intermediate frequency signal is amplified by the intermediate frequency amplifying circuit and then sent to the signal processing circuit for sampling.
And S207, the signal processing circuit performs fast Fourier transform and correlation analysis processing on the sampling result.
And S208, displaying the result by the display module.
The design of the time sequence in the embodiment of the invention can be customized according to specific requirements, the related millimeter wave processing component and the signal control component can adopt the prior art, and the specific millimeter wave generating and processing method and the echo processing method can also be designed by adopting the prior art, and the antenna array is fully recorded as the original design of the application. The embodiment of the invention can realize the measurement of the distance, the speed and the direction of the target and simultaneously track and identify the target based on the antenna array.
The embodiment of the invention firstly provides a method for realizing scanning and pointing to different main beams under a fixed frequency point by controlling the distance between adjacent radiation units in an antenna array element. And then, overlapping and combining the half-power beam widths of the array elements in sequence to realize the full coverage of the target range. In a specific scanning process, the beam scanning of a long-distance wide-area space can be realized by sequentially switching the radio frequency switch matrixes. The embodiment of the invention uses the antenna array with high gain and different beam directions, thereby realizing wide area detection and ensuring the detection performance.
The embodiment of the invention supports a detection mode of large area, multiple targets and real-time tracking: the scanning is carried out in the form of Doppler continuous wave or frequency modulation continuous wave, when a target passes through antenna beams, continuous reflection signals exist, and corresponding modulation processing and analysis are carried out according to the received continuous reflection signals, so that the speed, the distance and the direction of the target can be accurately detected. The object can subsequently also be tracked and measured until the target leaves the scanning area. Furthermore, two-dimensional imaging can be performed according to the scattering characteristics of the target on the radar waves, so that the size, the type and the number of the target are subjected to statistical analysis, and the embodiment of the invention has a wide application prospect.
In summary, the embodiments of the present invention have the following significant advantages over the prior art:
(1) the antenna array capable of emitting different beams is realized by controlling the distance between adjacent radiation units in the target array element, and the obtained antenna array structure is light and compact; meanwhile, the complex Butler matrix network, the radio frequency phase shifter and the amplifier are avoided, and the design and the implementation are easy;
(2) because a phase shifter is not needed for beam forming, the frequency of the output millimeter wave can be kept unchanged, thereby ensuring that the beam is kept stable all the time; the radiation waveform of the antenna array is not distorted;
(3) the detection effect of each sector in the scanning range can be ensured to be consistent; the sequential scanning of each sector is controlled by an antenna array controller;
(4) the number of the antenna arrays can be simply determined according to the angle range to be detected and the 3dB wave beam width of the antenna;
(5) the target azimuth can be accurately estimated without the help of multiple antennas and a complex spatial spectrum estimation algorithm; only one antenna is needed to be used for receiving and transmitting at the same time, and the wave beam of the antenna is designed to be as narrow as possible; therefore, the resolution of the azimuth angle can be improved, and the detection distance can be improved;
(6) the method supports the use of a waveform generator to generate frequency modulation continuous wave signals through a phase-locked loop, and has good detection performance on both static and moving targets;
(7) the target detection range can be improved to the maximum extent under the condition of lowest cost and complexity, and detection blind spots are reduced; the method is also beneficial to improving the detection efficiency and realizing all-weather target detection;
(8) the antenna array (particularly a high-gain beam antenna) is matched with a radio frequency switch matrix, so that a complex analog phase control and gain control hardware network is avoided, a complex beam synthesis algorithm is also avoided, the structure is exquisite, the algorithm complexity is low, and the antenna array can be widely applied to various occasions such as intelligent traffic control, intelligent street lamp control and complex industrial large-scale mechanical anti-collision.
In the description provided herein, numerous specific details are set forth. It is understood, however, that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure an understanding of this description.
Similarly, it should be appreciated that in the foregoing description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, various features of the invention are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure and aiding in the understanding of one or more of the various inventive aspects. However, the disclosed method should not be interpreted as reflecting an intention that: that the invention as claimed requires more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive aspects lie in less than all features of a single foregoing disclosed embodiment. Thus, the claims following the detailed description are hereby expressly incorporated into this detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment of this invention.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the modules in the device in an embodiment may be adaptively changed and disposed in one or more devices different from the embodiment. The modules or units or components of the embodiments may be combined into one module or unit or component, and furthermore they may be divided into a plurality of sub-modules or sub-units or sub-components. All of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), and all of the processes or elements of any method or apparatus so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations where at least some of such features and/or processes or elements are mutually exclusive. Each feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings) may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise.
Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that although embodiments described herein include some features included in other embodiments, not other features, combinations of features of different embodiments are meant to be within the scope of the invention and form different embodiments. For example, in the claims of the present invention, any of the claimed embodiments may be used in any combination.
The present invention may also be embodied as apparatus or system programs (e.g., computer programs and computer program products) for performing a portion or all of the methods described herein. Such programs implementing the present invention may be stored on computer-readable media or may be in the form of one or more signals. Such a signal may be downloaded from an internet website, provided on a carrier signal, or provided in any other form.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that those skilled in the art will be able to design alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the appended claims. In the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim. The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of elements or steps or the like not listed in a claim. The word "a" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. The invention may be implemented by means of hardware comprising several distinct elements, and by means of a suitably programmed computer. In the unit claims enumerating several systems, several of these systems may be embodied by one and the same item of hardware. The usage of the words first, second and third, etcetera do not indicate any ordering and these words may be interpreted as names.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a realize long-range target detection's of millimeter wave radar wide area device which characterized in that includes:
the millimeter wave processing assembly is connected with the antenna array through the antenna array controller; the signal control component is connected with the millimeter wave processing component; the antenna array comprises antenna array elements;
the radiation direction angles of different array elements of the antenna array are different; the antenna array controller is used for starting a target array element corresponding to the current time sequence in the antenna array according to a preset time sequence;
setting the target radiation direction angle of the antenna array element is related to the angle which needs to be detected by the antenna array; sequentially overlapping and combining the half-power wave beam widths of a plurality of antenna array elements pointing to different directions to realize the full coverage of a target range; if the antenna array has N array elements, dividing the antenna array into an upper part and a lower part by taking the middle as a boundary, and when N is an even number, designing N/2 upper part antenna array elements which can obtain beams with different radiation direction angles; then the antenna array elements of the lower half part are rotated by 180 degrees and can be used for angle coverage of the lower half part; similarly, when N is an odd number, only (N-1)/2 upper half antenna elements and 1 middle antenna element need to be designed, and then the antenna elements of the lower half rotate the antenna elements of the upper half by 180 degrees to be used for the angular coverage of the lower half;
or the like, or, alternatively,
the antenna array element is also an antenna array structure, and the antenna array structure is a series feed microstrip array which is designed to be a traveling wave structure terminating a load or a standing wave structure with a short-circuit terminal or an open-circuit terminal so as to realize main beam scanning at the same frequency by using a similar structure;
the series feed microstrip array passes through a preset target formula
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the millimeter wave processing assembly is used for generating millimeter waves and carrying out millimeter wave sending and echo signal receiving;
and the signal control component is used for acquiring and processing the echo signal transmitted by the millimeter wave processing component.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the device also comprises a power supply module which is used for supplying power to the antenna array controller, the millimeter wave processing assembly and the signal control assembly.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the antenna array controller is composed of a radio frequency switch matrix and a controller for controlling the radio frequency switch matrix, and the controller is used for controlling the radio frequency switch matrix according to a preset time sequence.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the millimeter wave processing assembly comprises a microwave circuit, a millimeter wave radio frequency front end assembly and a waveform generator; the signal control assembly comprises a down-conversion circuit, an intermediate frequency amplifier, a signal processing circuit and a display module which are connected in sequence.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein:
the waveform generator generates a Doppler continuous wave, a frequency modulated continuous wave or a frequency shift keying modulated wave.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein:
the signal processing circuit is used for sampling radar target echoes, carrying out Fourier operation to extract speed and/or position information of the target, tracking and identifying the target and outputting a real-time detection result to the display module.
8. A method for implementing millimeter wave radar wide area long range target detection, implemented by the apparatus of claim 1, the method comprising:
generating a waveform modulation signal;
communicating a target array element corresponding to the current time sequence in the antenna array according to a preset time sequence; the radiation direction angles of different array elements of the antenna array are different; the target radiation direction of the antenna array elements in the antenna array is generated according to the angle to be detected by the antenna array, and the antenna array sequentially overlaps and combines a plurality of half-power wave beam widths pointing to different antenna array elements to realize the full coverage of a target range;
transmitting the processed waveform modulation signal by the target array element;
receiving echo signals by a target array element;
and processing the echo signals.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein:
if the FMCW modulated signal is used for speed measurement, the frequency is swept from 24GHz to 24.25 GHz.
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