CN108627569B - Triangular surrounding excitation type eddy current sensor and coil winding method thereof - Google Patents
Triangular surrounding excitation type eddy current sensor and coil winding method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a triangular surrounding excitation type eddy current sensor and a coil winding method thereof, wherein the triangular surrounding excitation type eddy current sensor comprises a printed circuit board and a coil group printed on the printed circuit board; the coil assembly includes: the excitation coil is wound into a triangular surrounding type and comprises a triangular annular unit formed by at least two circles of concentric similar triangles wound by a lead, and the triangular annular units are connected in series; the detection coils are wound in a gap between two same-direction sides of two adjacent circles of triangular annular units. The invention can conveniently detect the stress and strain in various metal components under the plane stress state in a non-contact way under the condition of only using one sensor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nondestructive testing, and relates to a triangular surrounding excitation type eddy current sensor for detecting the partial stress and linear strain in three different directions in a metal structure under a plane stress state.
Background
Most of mechanical structures are made of metal materials, and effective detection of the stress state of the metal structures is of great significance for understanding the service state and evaluating the residual life of the metal structures.
Common methods currently used to detect stress states in metal structures include strain gauge methods, X-ray methods, ultrasonic methods, magnetic methods, and the like. Among these methods, the strain gauge method requires contact measurement; the X-ray method is expensive in equipment, has radiation danger and is only suitable for laboratory detection; the ultrasonic method requires a coupling agent; magnetic sensing is only suitable for the detection of ferromagnetic materials.
The eddy current detection method has the advantages of simple and convenient operation, low cost, no need of a coupling agent, capability of non-contact measurement and the like, and has been widely applied to the aspect of detecting the stress of a metal structure. In the elastic range of the material, the strain of the metal structure is in a linear relationship with the stress, so that the eddy current detection method can also be used for detecting the strain of the metal structure.
The existing eddy current stress detection research is only limited to the detection of unidirectional stress and strain, and is lack of an eddy current sensor capable of detecting the stress and the strain direction, and a eddy current sensor capable of detecting the stress and the strain in a metal structure in a plane stress state when the main stress direction is unknown.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an eddy current sensor capable of detecting stress and strain in a metal structure in a plane stress state and a winding method thereof
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a triangular surround excitation type eddy current sensor comprises a printed circuit board and a coil set printed on the printed circuit board;
the coil assembly includes:
the excitation coil is wound into a triangular surrounding type and comprises a triangular annular unit formed by at least two circles of concentric similar triangles wound by a lead, and the triangular annular units are connected in series;
the detection coils are wound in a gap between two same-direction sides of two adjacent circles of triangular annular units.
And the detection coils wound in the gaps between two same-direction sides of two adjacent circles of triangles are all non-closed rectangles.
Each group of detection coils at least comprises two independent detection coils, two detection coils are wound in the gap between every two equidirectional sides of every two adjacent triangular annular units, the two detection coils are respectively positioned in the area close to each equidirectional side, and the main body of each detection coil is arranged in the area formed by one half of the boundary of the interval between every two adjacent equidirectional sides and one equidirectional side;
and all the detection coils which are positioned at the left side of the advancing direction of the excitation lead or at the right side of the advancing direction of the excitation lead can be connected in series or respectively connected with an external detection device.
The exciting coil is wound into an equilateral triangle or an isosceles triangle.
Triangular exciting coils with corresponding positions and the same shape are arranged on at least two board layers of the printed circuit board, and the exciting coils on different board layers are connected in series;
the detection coils with corresponding positions and the same shape are arranged on at least two plate layers of the printed circuit board, and the detection coils on different plate layers are connected in series;
the excitation coil and the detection coil are positioned on the same slab or different slabs; the detection coil does not intersect the excitation coil when located on the same layer.
A coil winding method of a triangular surrounding excitation type eddy current sensor comprises an excitation coil winding method and a detection coil winding method; firstly, setting three sides of a triangle formed by winding a triangular surrounding type excitation coil as a side a, a side b and a side c respectively, wherein the side a is a bottom side; setting the bottom edge of the triangle as an x axis and setting the direction vertical to the x axis as a y axis;
the winding method of the exciting coil comprises the following steps:
s1: starting from a starting point S1, routing a distance Da1 along the positive direction of the x axis, winding an edge a, turning to the direction of an edge B after rotating an angle A anticlockwise, routing a distance Db1, winding an edge B, turning to the direction of an edge c after rotating an angle B anticlockwise, routing a distance Dc1, and winding an edge c to finish the winding of the first layer of triangular ring; the angle A is an included angle between the side a and the side B, and the angle B is an included angle between the side B and the side c;
s2: after rotating counterclockwise by an angle C, routing distance Dd1, turning to the direction of the side a again, starting from the current position, routing distance Da2 in the positive direction of the x axis, winding the side a of the second layer of triangular rings, turning to the direction of the side B after rotating counterclockwise by an angle A, routing distance Db2, winding the side B of the second layer of triangular rings, turning to the direction of the side C after rotating counterclockwise by an angle B, routing distance Dc2, winding the side C of the second layer of triangular rings, and finishing the winding of the second layer of triangular rings; the angle C is smaller than the included angle between the edge a and the edge C;
s3: repeating the actions of S1-S2 until the end point S2 is reached after the n-th layer of triangular annular winding is finished; wherein, the routing distance of the n-th layer of triangular annular edge and the routing distance of the n-1-th layer of triangular annular edge meet the following requirements: da (n-1) > Dan, Db (n-1) > Dbn, Dc (n-1) > Dcn;
the winding method of the detection coil is that on one side of the triangular surrounding type excitation coil:
starting from the starting point of the detection coil, winding a non-closed rectangle close to one side of the (n-1) th triangular unit coil in a gap between two adjacent same-direction sides of adjacent triangular units, and returning to the end point of the detection coil after winding is finished;
and the other detection coil starts from the starting point of the detection coil, a non-closed rectangle close to the other side of the nth triangular unit coil is wound in a gap between two adjacent same-direction sides of the adjacent triangular units, and the detection coil returns to the end point of the detection coil after the winding is finished.
When the detection coils are wound, each detection coil starts from the starting point of the detection coil, the non-closed rectangles which are positioned at the same side of the excitation coil of the triangular unit are wound in series in the gaps of the two same-direction sides of all adjacent triangular units needing to be wound with the detection coils on the side, and the detection coils return to the end point of the detection coils after the winding is finished.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention provides the eddy current sensor which can detect the partial stress and linear strain in three different directions in the metal structure in the plane stress state under the condition of unknown main stress direction, and overcomes the defect that the existing eddy current sensor can only detect the unidirectional stress and strain. After the eddy current sensor provided by the invention is used for detecting the partial stress and the linear strain in three different directions in the metal structure, the magnitude and the direction of the main stress and the main strain in the metal structure can be further determined according to an experimental stress analysis method.
(2) With this sensor, the stress and strain in various metal members in a plane stress state can be detected in a relatively convenient and non-contact manner by using only one sensor. In the existing research, in order to detect the partial stress and the linear strain in three directions, more than 3 eddy current sensors are needed, and the lifting consistency between a plurality of sensors and a detected structure is difficult to ensure. Therefore, the invention is beneficial to reducing the complexity of a testing system when the stress-strain is detected by the eddy current method and improving the accuracy of the stress-strain detection result.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a first structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a triangular surrounding excitation type eddy current sensor for detecting stress and strain. The printed circuit board can be a planar printed circuit board or a flexible printed circuit board.
The coil group comprises an exciting coil and a detecting coil, and an alternating current is introduced into the exciting coil to induce an eddy current on the measured structure.
Specifically, the coil assembly includes:
(1) the excitation coil is a triangle-surrounded type excitation coil wound by a conducting wire, the excitation coil can be an isosceles triangle or an equilateral triangle, preferably an equilateral triangle, the excitation coil can be arranged into a multi-circle-surrounding triangle surrounded from outside to inside or from inside to outside, and the triangle units of the previous circle are connected to the triangle units of the next circle in a jumping mode in an appropriate mode when the triangle units of the previous circle are about to be closed, and the triangle units are continuously wound in the same winding direction. Namely, the multilayer triangular annular units are connected in series; the wire for winding the exciting coil comprises at least one wire, and a plurality of wires need to be wound in parallel.
(2) The three groups of detection coils are respectively wound on three sides of the triangle, and the detection coils are wound in a gap between two same-direction sides of two adjacent circles of triangle annular units. The detection coil may take the form of a rectangular coil. Namely, two leads are led out from one side of the rectangle and are respectively connected to two bonding pads of the detection signal. When the rectangle is wound, the winding of the rectangle is started from one point on the edge, and the winding is finished when the rectangle is about to close.
Each group of detection coils at least comprises two independent detection coils, two detection coils are wound in the gap between every two same-direction edges of every two adjacent triangular annular units, the two detection coils are respectively positioned in the area close to each same-direction edge, and the main body of each detection coil is arranged in the area formed by one half of the boundary of the distance between every two adjacent same-direction edges and one same-direction edge;
when the triangular surrounding type excitation coil adopts a plurality of circles of triangular units, each group of detection coils can adopt a mode that one wire is arranged in a winding mode to form a plurality of rectangles in series, wherein each rectangle unit in series is positioned on the same side of the wires of two adjacent circles of excitation coils. This approach may increase the sensitivity of the detection coils. Furthermore, a plurality of detection coils can be arranged in the triangular annular unit gaps at the same side of the triangular surrounding type excitation coil, and the detection coils at the same side of all the triangular annular units are connected in series or respectively connected with external detection equipment.
Triangular exciting coils with corresponding positions and the same shape are arranged on at least two board layers of the printed circuit board, and the exciting coils on different board layers are connected in series; the detection coils with corresponding positions and the same shape are arranged on at least two plate layers of the printed circuit board, and the detection coils on different plate layers are connected in series; the exciting coil and the detecting coil are positioned on the same slab or different slabs; the detection coil does not intersect the excitation coil when located on the same layer.
That is, when the present invention is used for winding, the exciting coils can be connected in series by the same scheme and arranged on a plurality of board layers of the same circuit board. However, the two-layer coil routing mode with the front and the back connected in series is as follows: when the previous layer of triangular excitation coil is surrounded from outside to inside, the previous layer of triangular excitation coil is connected to the layer where the next excitation coil is connected in series through a via hole after the layer where the coil is located is wired, and the next layer of triangular excitation coil is arranged in a mode of surrounding from inside to outside; when the former layer of triangular exciting coil is surrounded from inside to outside, the former layer of triangular exciting coil is connected to the layer of the next triangular exciting coil in series connection through the via hole after the wiring of the layer of the former layer of triangular exciting coil is finished, and the next layer of triangular exciting coil is arranged in a mode of surrounding from outside to inside. The mode can improve the eddy current density on the unit detection area, thereby improving the sensitivity of stress detection.
When the invention is used, the exciting coil is connected with alternating current, and eddy current along three sides of the triangle is generated on the measured structure. Each group of detection coils is respectively arranged near one side of the triangular excitation coil and used for detecting the magnetic field change information caused by the eddy current. Because the eddy current is influenced by the stress in the metal structure, the eddy currents excited by the triangular surrounding type exciting coil in the directions of three sides are respectively sensitive to the stress change in the directions of all sides. The impedance or output signal of the detection coils arranged near each side of the excitation coil reflects the stress information in that direction. The impedance change or the output signal of the detection coils in the three directions is analyzed, and then the partial stress and the linear strain in the three different directions in the metal structure can be detected.
The eddy current sensor provided by the present invention is fabricated using two layers of printed circuit boards in the embodiment shown in fig. 1.
As shown by a thick solid line in fig. 1, the present embodiment employs a three-turn triangular surround type excitation coil, which is located on the upper layer of the circuit board.
As shown by the thin solid line in fig. 1, each set of detection coils in this embodiment includes two detection coils, and each of these detection coils adopts a form in which two rectangular coils formed by winding one wire are connected in series, so as to increase the magnetic field area detected by the detection coil and improve the sensitivity thereof. Each detection coil is positioned at the lower layer of the circuit board.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, since the directions of the magnetic fields generated by the two adjacent excitation coils that are wound in the same direction are opposite in the gap therebetween, in order to reduce the cancellation of the excitation magnetic field caused by the excitation coils that are wound in the same direction, as shown in fig. 1, two detection coils are disposed in the two adjacent excitation coils, and the two detection coils are respectively close to the left side or the right side of the advancing direction of the excitation coils.
In the scheme, the induced eddy current energy generated by each side of the triangular excitation coil on the measured metal structure is mainly distributed near the excitation coil, and the eddy current excited by three sides of each triangle is sensitive to the stress change in the self direction.
As shown in fig. 2, the present invention further provides a coil winding method of a triangular surround excitation type eddy current sensor, including an excitation coil winding method and a detection coil winding method; for convenience of description, first, three sides of a triangle formed by winding a triangular surrounding type excitation coil are respectively set as a side a, a side b and a side c, and the side a is a bottom side; the base of the triangle is set as the x-axis, and the direction perpendicular to the x-axis is set as the y-axis.
The winding method of the exciting coil comprises the following steps:
s1: starting from a starting point S1, routing a distance Da1 along the positive direction of the x axis, winding an edge a, turning to the direction of an edge B after rotating an angle A anticlockwise, routing a distance Db1, winding an edge B, turning to the direction of an edge c after rotating an angle B anticlockwise, routing a distance Dc1, and winding an edge c to finish the winding of the first layer of triangular ring; the angle A is an included angle between the side a and the side B, and the angle B is an included angle between the side B and the side c;
s2: after rotating counterclockwise by an angle C, routing distance Dd1, turning to the direction of the side a again, starting from the current position, routing distance Da2 in the positive direction of the x axis, winding the side a of the second layer of triangular rings, turning to the direction of the side B after rotating counterclockwise by an angle A, routing distance Db2, winding the side B of the second layer of triangular rings, turning to the direction of the side C after rotating counterclockwise by an angle B, routing distance Dc2, winding the side C of the second layer of triangular rings, and finishing the winding of the second layer of triangular rings; the angle C is smaller than the included angle between the edge a and the edge C;
s3: repeating the actions of S1-S2 until the end point S2 is reached after the n-th layer of triangular annular winding is finished; wherein, the routing distance of the n-th layer of triangular annular edge and the routing distance of the n-1-th layer of triangular annular edge meet the following requirements: da (n-1) > Dan, Db (n-1) > Dbn, Dc (n-1) > Dcn;
the winding method of the detection coil comprises the following steps:
on one side of the triangular surrounding type excitation coil, starting from the starting point of the detection coil, winding a non-closed rectangle close to one side of the (n-1) th triangular unit coil in a gap between two adjacent equidirectional sides of adjacent triangular units, and returning to the end point of the detection coil after winding is finished; and the other detection coil starts from the starting point of the detection coil, a non-closed rectangle close to one side of the n-th triangular unit coil is wound in a gap between two adjacent same-direction sides of the adjacent triangular units, and the detection coil returns to the end point of the detection coil after the winding is finished.
That is, as shown in fig. 2, the excitation coil formed by three layers of triangular units forms two gaps in each side direction, and when the detection coils are wound for the side b, starting from a starting point T1 in one detection coil, enters the gap between the first layer coil and the second layer coil, is wound to a non-closed rectangle R1 close to the right side of the first layer detection coil, then enters the gap between the second layer coil and the third layer coil, and reaches an end point T2 after being wound to a non-closed rectangle R2 close to the right side of the second layer coil. And the other detection coil starts from a starting point T3, enters a gap between the third layer coil and the second layer coil, is wound to be close to the non-closed rectangle R4 on the left side of the third layer detection coil, then enters a gap between the second layer coil and the first layer coil, and reaches an end point T4 after being wound to be close to the non-closed rectangle R3 on the left side of the second layer coil.
I.e. the non-closed rectangles R1, R2 described above are on one side, while R3, R4 are on the other side, the same side non-closed rectangles can be connected in series.
When the excitation coil adopts a plurality of circles of triangular coils, each group of detection coils can adopt a mode that one detection coil wire is arranged in a winding mode to be positioned in a plurality of rectangular series connection in a plurality of gaps, wherein each rectangular unit in series connection is positioned on the same side of the wires of two adjacent circles of excitation coils. This approach may increase the sensitivity of the detection coils. When the detection coils on each side of the triangular surrounding type excitation coil are wound, each detection coil starts from the starting point of the detection coil, the non-closed rectangles which are positioned on the same side of the advancing direction of the excitation wire are wound in series in the gaps of two same-direction sides of all adjacent triangular units on the side, and the detection coils return to the end point of the detection coil after the winding is finished.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the overall concept of the present invention, and these should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A triangular surround excitation eddy current sensor, characterized by: the coil assembly comprises a printed circuit board and a coil assembly printed on the printed circuit board;
the coil assembly includes:
the excitation coil is wound into a triangular surrounding type and comprises a triangular annular unit formed by at least two circles of concentric similar triangles wound by a lead, and the triangular annular units are connected in series;
the detection coils are wound in a gap between two same-direction sides of two adjacent circles of triangular annular units;
each group of detection coils at least comprises two independent detection coils, two detection coils are wound in the gap between every two equidirectional sides of every two adjacent triangular annular units, the two detection coils are respectively positioned in the area close to each equidirectional side, and the main body of each detection coil is arranged in the area formed by one half of the boundary of the interval between every two adjacent equidirectional sides and one equidirectional side;
the detection coils are positioned in the triangular annular unit gaps on the sides of the triangular surrounding type excitation coil in the same direction, and all the detection coils are connected in series with the left side of the advancing direction of the excitation wire or the right side of the advancing direction of the excitation wire or respectively connected with external detection equipment;
triangular exciting coils with corresponding positions and the same shape are arranged on at least two board layers of the printed circuit board, and the exciting coils on different board layers are connected in series;
the detection coils with corresponding positions and the same shape are arranged on at least two plate layers of the printed circuit board, and the detection coils on different plate layers are connected in series;
the excitation coil and the detection coil are positioned on the same slab or different slabs; the detection coil does not intersect the excitation coil when located on the same layer.
2. A triangular surround excitation eddy current sensor as set forth in claim 1, wherein:
and the detection coils wound in the gaps between two same-direction sides of two adjacent circles of triangles are all non-closed rectangles.
3. A triangular surround excitation eddy current sensor as set forth in claim 1, wherein:
the exciting coil is wound into an equilateral triangle or an isosceles triangle.
4. A method for winding a coil of the delta-ring excitation eddy current sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the method comprises an excitation coil winding method and a detection coil winding method; firstly, setting three sides of a triangle formed by winding a triangular surrounding type excitation coil as a side a, a side b and a side c respectively, wherein the side a is a bottom side; setting the bottom edge of the triangle as an x axis and setting the direction vertical to the x axis as a y axis;
the winding method of the exciting coil comprises the following steps:
s1: starting from a starting point S1, routing a distance Da1 along the positive direction of the x axis, winding an edge a, turning to the direction of an edge B after rotating an angle A anticlockwise, routing a distance Db1, winding an edge B, turning to the direction of an edge c after rotating an angle B anticlockwise, routing a distance Dc1, and winding an edge c to finish the winding of the first layer of triangular ring; the angle A is an included angle between the side a and the side B, and the angle B is an included angle between the side B and the side c;
s2: after rotating counterclockwise by an angle C, routing distance Dd1, turning to the direction of the side a again, starting from the current position, routing distance Da2 in the positive direction of the x axis, winding the side a of the second layer of triangular rings, turning to the direction of the side B after rotating counterclockwise by an angle A, routing distance Db2, winding the side B of the second layer of triangular rings, turning to the direction of the side C after rotating counterclockwise by an angle B, routing distance Dc2, winding the side C of the second layer of triangular rings, and finishing the winding of the second layer of triangular rings; the angle C is smaller than the included angle between the edge a and the edge C;
s3: repeating the actions of S1-S2 until the end point S2 is reached after the n-th layer of triangular annular winding is finished; wherein, the routing distance of the n-th layer of triangular annular edge and the routing distance of the n-1-th layer of triangular annular edge meet the following requirements: da (n-1) > Dan, Db (n-1) > Dbn, Dc (n-1) > Dcn;
the winding method of the detection coil is that on one side of the triangular surrounding type excitation coil:
starting from the starting point of the detection coil, winding a non-closed rectangle close to one side of the (n-1) th triangular unit coil in a gap between two adjacent same-direction sides of adjacent triangular units, and returning to the end point of the detection coil after winding is finished;
the other detection coil starts from the starting point of the detection coil, a non-closed rectangle close to the other side of the nth triangular unit coil is wound in a gap between two adjacent same-direction sides of the adjacent triangular units, and the detection coil returns to the end point of the detection coil after the winding is finished;
when winding is carried out, the exciting coils are arranged on a plurality of board layers of the same circuit board in a serial connection mode in the same scheme; the wiring mode of the two layers of coils connected in series in the front and the back is as follows: when the previous layer of triangular excitation coil is surrounded from outside to inside, the previous layer of triangular excitation coil is connected to the layer where the next excitation coil is connected in series through a via hole after the layer where the coil is located is wired, and the next layer of triangular excitation coil is arranged in a mode of surrounding from inside to outside; when the former layer of triangular exciting coil is surrounded from inside to outside, the former layer of triangular exciting coil is connected to the layer of the next triangular exciting coil in series connection through the via hole after the wiring of the layer of the former layer of triangular exciting coil is finished, and the next layer of triangular exciting coil is arranged in a mode of surrounding from outside to inside.
5. The coil winding method of the delta-wrap excited eddy current sensor according to claim 4, wherein:
when the detection coils on each side of the triangular surrounding type excitation coil are wound, each detection coil starts from the starting point of the detection coil, the non-closed rectangles which are positioned on the same side of the excitation coil of the triangular units are wound in series in the gaps of two homodromous sides of all adjacent triangular units on the side, and the detection coils return to the end point of the detection coil after the winding is finished.
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