CN108627046B - Method for realizing cartridge-shell-free automatic weapon by using liquid propellant powder - Google Patents
Method for realizing cartridge-shell-free automatic weapon by using liquid propellant powder Download PDFInfo
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
- F41A9/00—Feeding or loading of ammunition; Magazines; Guiding means for the extracting of cartridges
- F41A9/38—Loading arrangements, i.e. for bringing the ammunition into the firing position
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
- F41A19/00—Firing or trigger mechanisms; Cocking mechanisms
- F41A19/58—Electric firing mechanisms
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
- F41A19/00—Firing or trigger mechanisms; Cocking mechanisms
- F41A19/58—Electric firing mechanisms
- F41A19/64—Electric firing mechanisms for automatic or burst-firing mode
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
Abstract
A method for implementing a cartridge-shell-free automatic weapon using liquid propellant powder. The weapon realizes bullet filling and combustion chamber locking by driving of a stepping motor, and realizes combustion chamber airtightness by using a bullet and a fixed plunger; the separated binary liquid gunpowder (oxidant and combustion agent) is used as the propellant, a constant pressure regulator is used for maintaining constant propellant injection pressure, an electronic fire control unit is used for controlling the opening time of an electromagnetic valve so as to accurately control the mixed propellant injection quantity, the gunpowder injection is completed through a spray hole on a plunger, and an electronic igniter is used for igniting the propellant so as to complete the bullet emission. The use of the electronic fire control unit enables the weapon to easily realize the functions of single shot, multiple shots, continuous shots, blank ammunition and grenade launching at the same time; the launching power can be adjusted to achieve the optimal killing effect; the inner trajectory can be actively corrected to ensure the stability of the outer trajectory; the firing accuracy better than that of a bolt weapon can be achieved in a single firing mode, and fire suppression can be performed in a continuous firing mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to technologies related to software and hardware development of weapons, gunpowder, electromechanical devices and embedded devices, in particular to technologies related to automatic control of weapons, use of liquid gunpowder and implementation of shell-less weapons.
Background
The bullets used in firearms and small-caliber artillery at present are all in a form of integrally packaging a bullet and a shell, wherein the shell plays an indispensable role. The shell case plays the effect that encapsulation propellant powder, parcel warhead, fixed primer, chamber of bullet are airtight and take away partial heat and play the cooling. But the cartridge case also brings great troubles, such as: the copper cartridge case causes great resource waste; the weight of the cartridge case accounts for half of the bullet, so that the carrying quantity of the ammunition of soldiers is limited; the need to shell and switch left and right makes the firearm more complex.
For north 5.56 x 45 mm caliber ammunition, the single bullet weighs about 11.8 grams, with a nose weighing about 4.02 grams (62 grains), a case weighing about 6.16 grams (95.1 grains), and a powder weighing about 1.6 grams (24.5 grains). It can be seen that 52.2% of the weight of the bullet is occupied by the shell. Taking the example of a soldier combat attendance with a maximum load of 10 kg, a soldier can carry up to 660 rounds of 5.56 mm cartridges, which have a total weight of about 7.8 kg, and 4.06 kg of the cartridges is the weight of the case, taking into account the weight of the magazine.
Due to the presence of the cartridge case, the relative weapon must perform a ejection action. To most firearms, adopt the right side to throw the shell during most designs, the shell case of high temperature not only causes the interference to the soldier in the vicinity, still can cause bigger puzzlement to some shooters who are used to the left hand oneself of using, this puzzlement then can the performance in no support firearms is more outstanding, and a lot of firearms have to additionally design the mechanism that can switch about throwing the shell. In addition to the trouble caused by the high-temperature copper shell, the distance between the ejection window and the shooter is short, so that the smoke of gunpowder and residual fuel gas can cause some interference to the shooter.
The invention of firearms based on solid gunpowder has been for hundreds of years so far, and firearms which are equipped in large scale at present are based on a mechanical and gunpowder mode. In order to meet the requirements of semi-automatic or full-automatic shooting, most modern firearms use the energy of gunpowder gas to realize shell ejection and loading, the next cycle is difficult to be completed by accurately using the energy of the gunpowder gas in the design, and in order to meet the requirement of reliability, the actions of shell ejection and loading are completed in a very violent mode only by excessively using the energy of the gas. Therefore, the utilization efficiency of gunpowder is reduced, and the shooting precision is influenced. Due to the limitation of mechanical structure, the requirements of full-automatic shooting and high-precision sniping on one gun are difficult to meet, so that the existing sniper rifle has to adopt a bolt structure or a semi-automatic structure in order to meet the precision requirement.
Liquid gunpowder is widely applied to the fields of mines, ocean engineering operation, military engineering blasting and special engineering blasting. The liquid gunpowder has the advantages of high fluidity, high explosion heat, good volume energy and safety. The double-element non-self-ignition liquid gunpowder is very suitable for the safety requirement of firearms, and can be injected into a combustion chamber through pressure injection to be mixed to form combustible and explosive mixed explosive. The oxidant in the binary liquid gunpowder can be selected from nitric acid, dinitrogen tetroxide, hydrogen peroxide, ammonium peroxynitrite and the like, and the fuel can be decalin, kerosene (JP4), isooctane, isopropanol (ZPA) and the like. The liquid fuel has small viscosity, easy atomization and small atomization diameter, and is very favorable for mixing, combustion and evaporation. In addition, the volume of the liquid fuel changes little with the temperature, the flow can be accurately controlled, and the requirement of the stability of the inner trajectory is easily met.
The liquid gunpowder has good fluidity, so the liquid gunpowder can be injected into the combustion chamber through pressure to complete the filling of the gunpowder. For armored vehicles or other mechanized vehicles, the liquid propellant can be charged at normal pressure and then delivered to the pressure regulator by a high pressure pump due to sufficient power. Because the fuel and the oxidant are separated, the safety of gunpowder storage can be improved as much as possible, and sympathetic explosion of ammunition can be greatly avoided. In addition, the liquid has higher specific heat and good heat conductivity, and can play a good cooling effect on the combustion chamber, thereby effectively preventing the combustion chamber and the casing from being overheated.
The function of the electronic fire control unit is very close to the working principle of an Engine Control Unit (ECU) used by an automobile, and the firearms have far lower speed requirements on the electronic fire control unit than the engine has on the ECU. Referring to the performance of the current mainstream individual firearms, the firearms can meet the requirements of a battlefield when the firing speed reaches about 400-900 rounds/minute in a full-automatic fire mode; under the multi-continuous fire mode, the fighting shooting speed can reach about 80-120 rounds per minute to meet the requirement. The electronic fire control unit meeting the requirements of a weapon system can be very easily realized through the singlechip, the memory, the power supply module and the digital-to-analog conversion module. The shell-less weapon based on liquid gunpowder can be well realized by combining a switching device, a sensor, an electromagnetic valve, an indicator light and a stepping motor.
Based on the limitations of the current firearms and ammunition, the invention provides a shell-less weapon idea adopting liquid gunpowder, so that the ammunition carrying capacity of fighters under the same load condition can be greatly improved, and meanwhile, the dual requirements on the precision and firepower of a weapon system can be met, and the weapon system can greatly save the consumption of precious metals such as copper materials, and greatly reduce the shooting cost.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a system that uses liquid powder, performs automatic circulation to complete locking of a bullet chamber in an electric mode, and uses electronic ignition to ignite the powder to complete firing, so as to replace the traditional mechanical powder weapon.
In order to solve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a method for realizing automatic reciprocating and locking of a bolt by using an electric mode comprises the following steps:
the battery supplies energy, and the stepping motor drives the gun to automatically reciprocate to complete bullet loading and gun locking actions;
timing construction between a stepper motor drive shaft and a movable part, part modularity, and tool-free assembly.
A method for realizing automatic bullet loading by adopting a combustion chamber to perform linear reciprocating motion comprises the following steps:
the combustion chamber (3) is used as a moving part, and the rotary lock (4) directly drives the combustion chamber to do linear reciprocating motion in the casing (2) along the axis of the cartridge chamber;
the loading of the warhead is realized by the linear reciprocating motion of the combustion chamber (3);
and determining the space geometric relationship among the magazine (31), the bullet and the combustion chamber (3), and determining the shape of the conical surface of the joint of the combustion chamber and the chamber, so that the bullet automatically enters the chamber under the extrusion of the conical head of the combustion chamber to complete loading.
A method of achieving a gastight locking of a cartridge chamber (16) and a combustion chamber (3), the method comprising:
the combustion chamber (3) and the cartridge chamber (16) are jointed by nesting convex-concave conical surfaces, the front end of the combustion chamber is jointed with the cartridge chamber to form an airtight condition when moving forwards to a stopping point, the front end of the combustion chamber is made of a material with high elastoplasticity, and can be better jointed with the conical surface of the cartridge chamber by elastic deformation under high pressure, wherein the front end of the combustion chamber adopts a convex conical surface, and the cartridge chamber adopts a concave conical surface;
the combustion chamber (3) is locked by adopting a rotary lock (4), and after the locking, the combustion chamber (3) can not move back and forth along the axial direction any more, so that the locking is realized.
A method of achieving a gas-tight front end (27) of a combustion chamber by means of a bullet-shaped tail end portion protruding into the combustion chamber (3), the method comprising:
when the bullet is pressed into the chamber at the conical end of the combustion chamber, the tail end of the bullet can partially extend into the gas outlet of the combustion chamber, the gas outlet of the combustion chamber is blocked, certain airtight conditions are formed for subsequent gunpowder injection, and the fire-preventing powder is injected into the chamber.
A method for achieving airtightness at the rear end of a combustion chamber (3) by means of a stationary plunger (7), the method comprising:
the rear end of the combustion chamber is airtight by adopting a cylindrical plunger (7), the plunger is fixed on the casing (2) through threads, the tail end of the combustion chamber (3) is sleeved outside the plunger and can slide along the axial direction like a cylinder, and the tail end of the combustion chamber and the tail end of the cylinder are in clearance fit and maintain a certain airtight condition;
the plunger (7) needs to be able to withstand the pressure generated after the powder explosion.
A method of completing powder injection and ignition by a stationary plunger (7), the method comprising:
a deep hole is formed along the axial direction of the plunger (7), and the deep hole is used for installing an igniter (38) and serving as a fuel injection hole (30).
A method for linking injection and ignition aiming at the characteristic of easy leakage of liquid gunpowder flow, which comprises
The method comprises the following steps:
the electronic ignition control unit is used for realizing gunpowder injection and ignition linkage, and an igniter is used for igniting and exploding gunpowder to finish the emission after the fuel and oxidant are injected;
the linkage time consumption is controlled within the human reaction speed, and the shooting delay is avoided.
A design method for achieving single shot precision shooting, the method comprising:
in the single shot mode, the electronic fire control unit can carry out proper time delay by default after each shooting to ensure that the bullet is shot out, then the gun is controlled to complete loading and locking of the bullet, and then the state of waiting for the next trigger triggering instruction is entered. When the trigger is triggered again, the electronic fire control unit will give a linked signal of fuel and oxidant injection and ignition, the impact of this linkage on the accuracy of the fire will be less than the impact of a conventional firing pin on the primer.
A design method for fulfilling the requirement of high-speed shooting, the method comprising:
under the multi-burst and burst fire power mode, the gunlock can continuously carry out reciprocating circulation to finish the loading locking action, and the electronic fire control unit carries out reference according to pulse signals of the stepping motor and gives instructions of gunpowder injection and ignition;
during each loading, locking, gunpowder injection and ignition cycle process which is continuously carried out at high speed, ensuring that a time slice of the combustion chamber is in a static locking state, and simultaneously completing gunpowder injection and ignition emission in the time slice;
in the multi-burst and burst fire modes, the stepping motor and other moving parts are kept in continuous circulating operation state except for the transient static state of the combustion chamber.
A method for realizing a fire control unit by adopting a single chip microcomputer comprises the following steps:
the system structure of the electronic fire control unit; and (4) a main program flow of the electronic fire control unit.
A method of implementing a trigger function via an electronic fire control unit using an electronic switch, the method comprising:
and the electronic fire control unit processes the program flow of the trigger signal.
A method for realizing safety and fire power mode switching by an electronic fire control unit by using an electronic switch,
the method comprises the following steps:
the electronic fire control unit processes the program flow of the opening and closing of the insurance and the switching of the fire power mode.
A method for achieving selectable firing power through an electronic fire control unit using an electronic switch, the method comprising:
the electronic fire control unit processes the program flow of the launching power selection.
Square for realizing grenade launching and blank-packed grenade launching through electronic fire control unit by utilizing electronic switch
A method, comprising:
the electronic fire control unit processes the program flow of launching empty-pack ammunition/grenades.
A method of adjusting internal trajectory to automatically adapt to environmental firing specification changes, the method comprising:
and the electronic fire control unit automatically adjusts the program flow of the inner trajectory.
According to the technical scheme, the weapon system is different from the traditional automatic mode of mechanical gunpowder, but adopts the technology of combining electromechanics and automation, so that the weapon structure is simpler and lighter, more reliable and more economical, and can meet the actual requirements.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the major mechanical components;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the major moving parts;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the bullet loading process;
figure 4 shows schematically the relationship of the cartridge chamber, the bullet loading and the combustion chamber (3);
FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the rotary lock (4) and the casing (2);
FIG. 6 is a schematic outline view of the cylindrical cam (11);
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of a cam (11) and camshaft (12) timing scheme;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the plunger (7) configuration;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the solenoid valve seat (8);
fig. 10 is a schematic view of the magazine (31) and the embracing opening (18);
figure 11 is a schematic layout and loading of the magazine (31);
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of an electronic fire control unit module;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating a boot process of the electronic fire control unit software;
FIG. 14 is a schematic flow chart of the operation of the electronic fire control unit;
FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a shutdown process of the electronic fire control unit;
figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the overall gun layout;
FIG. 17 is a schematic view of a weapon system.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The main implementation process of the method provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
by taking relevant parameters of ammunition with the caliber of about 5.56 millimeters in the north as reference, the implementation process gives a special case of designing a butt rifle with the caliber of 5.56 millimeters and the length of a heavy gun barrel of 508 millimeters (20 inches), the butt rifle can carry out precise sniper and full-automatic shooting, meets the requirements of most field operations and roadway operations, and is suitable for mechanized infantries to use in narrow vehicles by adopting an unsupported structure.
The main mechanical parts of the whole gun are shown in fig. 1, and mainly comprise the following parts: the novel multifunctional self-adaption quick-change barrel comprises a barrel, a cartridge receiver sleeve, a combustion chamber, a rotary lock, a guide pin, a retaining ring, a plunger, a valve seat, a self-adaption sliding block, a guide rail support, a cylindrical cam, a cam shaft and a self-adaption positioning pin. The electronic fire control unit, the stepping motor, the solenoid valve, the pressure regulator, various switches, the sensor, the indicator light and the battery are not shown together.
Of the main mechanical components previously described, the barrel (1), the combustion chamber (3), the rotary lock (4), the guide pin (5), the retainer ring (6), the plunger (7) and the positioning pin (13) are made of steel, while the other components can all be manufactured from 6061-T6 aluminum alloy, which is shown in fig. 1 as a total weight of 2.66 kg.
The implementation case adopts the battery for energy supply, the stepping motor is used for driving the cylindrical cam (11) to rotate, the cylindrical cam (11) drives the sliding block cam rod (24) to enable the sliding block (9) to do linear reciprocating motion along the guide rail bracket (10), the sliding block (9) is used for driving the rotary lock (4) to do linear and rotary motion along the L-shaped guide groove (25) of the casing pipe, and finally the circulation process of loading and locking the bullet is realized. In the case, the casing sleeve (2) and the guide rail bracket (10) are respectively and independently processed and formed, the casing sleeve (2) is provided with a positioning groove (26) for assembling the guide rail bracket, and the guide rail bracket (10) can be assembled with the casing sleeve (2) in a welding or riveting mode to form the casing. The relationship between the moving parts is shown in the set of fig. 2.
The barrel (1) and the casing sleeve (2) can be connected in a threaded mode or in other fast plugging modes, and the barrel and the casing sleeve are installed in place through a positioning pin (13). The root of the gun barrel has the function of a cartridge chamber, the radius of the conical bottom of the gun barrel needs to slightly exceed the extension line of the central axis of the bullet at the bullet outlet, the tip of the bullet is guaranteed to enter the guide range of the concave conical surface (20) of the cartridge chamber under the pushing of the combustion chamber (3), and the loading process of the bullet is shown in a group of diagrams in fig. 3.
The combustion chamber (3) needs to be as lightweight as possible to reduce inertia while ensuring strength, and this is advantageous for increasing the firing rate of the weapon. The working volume of the combustion chamber (3) is determined by the positions of the warhead and the plunger (7), and the volume size needs to be comprehensively considered and finally determined through experiments. The high-strength combustion chamber (3) enables the weapon to use gunpowder with higher intensity and quicker combustion. The radius of the combustion chamber gas outlet (27) needs to be slightly larger than the radius of the tail of the bullet, but must be smaller than the maximum radius of the bullet. The relationship of the chamber, chamber and bullet is shown in figure 4.
In the embodiment, the combustion chamber (3) is made of steel and copper in a composite mode, wherein the combustion chamber main body (21) is made of steel, and the combustion chamber front cone end (14) is made of copper. Under strong explosion pressure, the copper material can show good ductility and elastoplasticity, and the front cone end (14) of the combustion chamber can slightly deform to better fit with the conical surface of the cartridge chamber, so that good air tightness is realized, and the front cone end can be prevented from cracking under the explosive explosion pressure of gunpowder.
In the embodiment, the rotary lock (4) and the casing sleeve (2) are respectively provided with 6 tooth protrusions (22) which are uniformly distributed according to the circumference, the locking angle is 30 degrees, and after the rotary lock (4) rotates for 30 degrees along the L-shaped guide groove (25) of the casing sleeve, the tooth protrusions (22) are overlapped with the tooth protrusions (22) on the casing sleeve to complete the locking of the combustion chamber (3). The tooth-convex joint surfaces are wedge-shaped, and along with the rotation of the rotary lock (4), the interaction between the wedge-shaped surfaces can push the combustion chamber to move forward to approach the cartridge chamber as far as possible, so that the air tightness is ensured, the explosion of the weak front end of the combustion chamber due to lack of cartridge chamber support is prevented, and meanwhile, the requirements on machining and assembling precision can be reduced. The relationship of the rotary lock (4) and the casing sleeve (2) is shown in fig. 5.
In the present case, the helical grooves (28) on the slider (9) and the cylindrical cam (11) both adopt a helix angle of 45 degrees, and the guide pin (5) and the slider cam rod (24) respectively perform relative movement in the two groups of grooves (28). Taking the sliding block (9) as an example, the helical angle of 45 degrees can ensure that the moving distance of the sliding block (9) is equal to the arc length of the guide pin (5) rotating around the L-shaped guide groove (25) of the casing sleeve. The cylindrical cam (11) is directly driven by a stepping motor, and the cylindrical cam (11) interacts with the slide cam rod (24) when rotating to enable the slide (9) to do linear reciprocating motion along the guide rail (43). Here the cam profile is as shown in figure 5.
It can be seen from fig. 6 that the contour line encircles the cam (11) for one revolution, the cam contour line is a vertical arc line groove (23) which is perpendicular to the cam shaft from the section a-B, the slide cam rod (24) rotates for about 90 degrees from the point a to the point B, and during the rotation, the slide cam rod (24) is in a relative rest state, and the combustion chamber (3) is also in a locked state. In the high-speed continuous-firing fire power mode, the cam (11) continuously rotates, and every time the slide block cam rod (24) passes through the time period from the point A to the point B, the electronic fire control unit judges the position of the cam (11) through the angular displacement of the stepping motor and finishes powder injection and ignition firing in the time period.
Height H of cam profile curvecThe distance L from the combustion chamber conical end (14) to the bullet chamber concave conical surface (20)oDiameter D of the magazine embracing opening (18)m(or width) and an arc length L of 30 degrees that the guide pin (5) rotates along the casing sleeve (2) when the combustion chamber (3) is closedaDetermination of, i.e. Hc＝Lo+Dm+La(note here the helical angle of the slider helical groove is defined to be 45 degrees).
In view ofThe cam (11) contour line A-B occupies 1/4 cam outer diameter circumference, the helix angle of the helical groove is 45 degrees, and the diameter D of the cylindrical cam (11)cThe requirements are satisfied: dc＝8Hc/3π
Stroke L of combustion chamber (3)cThe relationship of (1) is: l isc＝Lo+Dm
The electronic fire control unit needs to judge the time of gunpowder injection and ignition through the displacement angle of the stepping motor, the rotation angle and direction of the cylindrical cam (11) can uniquely determine the position and movement direction of the slide block (9), and the position and direction of the slide block (9) can uniquely determine the position and movement direction of the rotary lock (4) and the combustion chamber (3). Therefore, as long as the timing assembly between the stepping motor and the cylindrical cam (11) is determined, the timing requirement of the whole system can be solved. As shown in figure 7, the design case adopts a cam shaft (12) with a semicircular section to be respectively connected with a stepping motor and a cylindrical cam (11), so that the timing problem caused by assembly can be completely eliminated.
The plunger (7) is a relatively central component in the system, and besides the function of air tightness under the high temperature and pressure generated by explosion, the plunger also needs to accommodate an ignition device and a spray hole as fuel. Referring to fig. 8, the plunger ignition device portion (38) is constructed in accordance with the construction and process of an automotive spark plug, considering that the maximum chamber pressure generated by small caliber ammunition can reach 430MPa, and the plunger is manufactured by high-strength steel and high-strength insulating ceramic.
The valve seat (8) is made of 6061-T6 hard aluminum alloy, the valve seat (8) not only bears the pressure transmitted by the plunger (7), but also plays a role in connecting the solenoid valve and the plunger (7), and 2 cylindrical solenoid valve sockets (29) are provided at the tail end of the valve seat (8) as shown in figure 9, so that the solenoid valve can be conveniently plugged.
The liquid propellant powder and the liquid oxidant can be pressurized, isolated and encapsulated by a pressure container, then are connected with firearms by a quick plug-in connector, and respectively enter into a corresponding pressure regulator through independent pipelines, and finally form constant pressure through the pressure regulator and then enter into 2 electromagnetic valves.
In this embodiment, the liquid propellant does not mix until it enters the combustion chamber (3), thereby ensuring the safety of this type of weapon.
In consideration of the existing technical conditions, the supply of liquid propellant powder to individual weapons by using pressure vessels is realistic. Taking 5.56 mm ammunition as an example, the shell loading capacity is about 1.5 g, the volume is about 1.85 ml, and considering that the volume energy of liquid powder is higher than that of solid propellant powder, and the weapon system has higher powder utilization efficiency, the requirement of more than 300 times of continuous launching can be met by adopting 450 ml of pressure bottled liquid powder.
A simple estimate of the amount of pressure to be maintained in the bottle can be made:
assuming the firearm is designed for a firing rate of 600 rounds per minute (i.e. a rotational speed of the cylindrical cam (11) of 600 revolutions per minute), the average elapsed time per round is 100 milliseconds. As shown in the previous figure 6, in the continuous shooting mode, the cam (11) rotates by about 90 degrees from the point A to the point B of the slide block cam rod (24), the electronic fire control unit finishes the processes of gunpowder injection and ignition, the ignition time is negligible, and the time from the point A to the point B is about Ti100 × 90/360 ms 25 ms, the amount of liquid charge per injection is Ci1.5 ml, the flow rate Q isi1.5/0.025-60 ml/s, measured by fuel orifice diameter D i2 mm, the required fuel injection velocity V can be obtainedi＝4Ci/πTiDi 2Can obtain Vi19.1 m/s.
When the solenoid valve is opened, gunpowder flows from the pressure regulator through the valve opening into the nozzle hole (30) of the plunger and is injected from the nozzle hole (30) into the combustion chamber, and the pressure regulator is assumed to maintain a constant pressure PrThe flow rate of the liquid in the pressure regulator can be considered to be approximately 0, the pressure P at the outlet of the plunger nozzle holeiApproximately one atmosphere, neglecting the effect of liquid level differences. According to bernoulli's equation, there are: pr＝Pi+ρVi 2Where ρ is the density of the liquid propellant, where ρ is 1000kg/m3P can be obtained by substituting the above calculated valuesr＝PiSince +0.183MPa is 0.284MPa, P is ideally represented byrLess than three atmospheres, even when taking into account the viscosity of the liquid and the frictional resistance of the pores, PrIt should also be a range that can be implemented in actual production.
Because the volume of the bullet is far smaller than that of a complete shell bullet, the magazine of the weapon has larger capacity potential and is suitable for drum type magazines and cylinder type magazines. This embodiment is specifically incorporated herein by reference as a Top-loading longitudinal magazine (Top mounted longitudinal magazine) which was issued in 1990 in the united states and which has been available for free use for over 20 years now. The magazine is simple, light and bulky and is particularly suitable for this embodiment. The current weapon utilizing the magazine of this patent is P90, available from Fabrique national, Belgium, which uses a magazine of about 28 cm in length and 50 rounds in capacity. In the scheme, a magazine with the length of about 22 cm is adopted, and the capacity of the magazine can reach 60 rounds. In the present case, as shown in fig. 10, the magazine is loaded above the magazine, and the bullet holding opening (18) of the magazine needs to have a slightly forward and downward inclined angle (41) so as to facilitate the bullet to enter the conical surface of the chamber more reliably during the process of pushing into the chamber. In addition, the magazine in this embodiment carries P90 which is different from FN, where the magazine is arranged at the rear of the body, which will not affect the layout of the hand guards and the guide rails, as shown in fig. 11.
The electronic fire control unit is a brain of the whole system, is one of the most core components of the system, and is composed of hardware and related software, wherein a hardware module block diagram is shown in fig. 12, a software startup flow diagram is shown in fig. 13, an operation flow diagram is shown in fig. 14, and a shutdown flow diagram of the electronic fire control unit is shown in fig. 15. Under the condition that the environment sensors are selected, each time the trigger is triggered, the electronic fire control unit detects firing data parameters, acquires actual parameters from each environment sensor and determines the correction value of the valve opening timer through an interpolation algorithm.
As electronic components for weapons use, all electronic components and circuits need to meet the requirements of water resistance, impact resistance, and electromagnetic interference resistance in the entire embodiment.
The overall arrangement of the gun can be seen from fig. 16, which uses a 20-inch heavy tube, aluminum alloy handguards and rails, an engineering plastic stock and a handle, the overall length of the gun is no more than 790 mm, the height of the gun is no more than 220 mm, and the weight of the gun can be controlled within 3.5 kg (including batteries, but not including a magazine and a fuel tank). Wherein the combustion agent and the oxidant tank can be made of aluminum tank or other pressure-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials, and the interior of the combustion agent and the oxidant tank is separately filled with the combustion agent and the oxidant and respectively applied with pressure. The tank body can be mounted and fixed by means of a guide rail at the lower part of the hand guard, and outlets of the combustion agent and the oxidant are connected with a quick plug-in valve on the firearm.
The above description is only exemplary of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (15)
1. A method of implementing a caseless automatic weapon using a liquid propellant charge, the method comprising:
the bullet loading and locking actions of the gun bolt are realized by driving the gun bolt to automatically reciprocate in an electric mode; the driving power adopts a rotary stepping motor or a linear stepping motor; the stepping motor drives the corresponding mechanism to drive the gun camera to realize reciprocating motion and realize bullet loading and locking of the gun camera in operation; wherein the gunlock mainly comprises a combustion chamber (3), a rotary lock (4), a slide block (9) and a cylindrical cam (11); the electronic fire control unit acquires the rotation angle position information of the cylindrical cam through a stepping motor signal and judges whether the gun bolt is locked or not according to the rotation angle position information, and the trigger signal triggers the actions of gunpowder injection and ignition in a locked state; when the trigger is triggered, two electromagnetic valves for respectively controlling the fuel and the oxidant can finish the accurate opening time slot according to the control signal of the electronic fire control unit, the fuel and the oxidant in the pressure regulator in the constant pressure state can be respectively injected into the combustion chamber through a plunger (7) to finish mixing, and once the gunpowder injection is finished, the igniter can ignite to realize the emission.
2. The method for caseless automatic weapon using liquid propellant as claimed in claim 1, wherein the combustion chamber (3) is used to replace the traditional bolt, the combustion chamber (3) is moved linearly back and forth to realize the method for automatically loading the bullet, the method for automatically loading the bullet comprises:
the combustion chamber (3) is used as a movable part and makes linear reciprocating motion in the casing (2) along the axis of the chamber (16), the front end of the combustion chamber is a combustion chamber conical head (14) with a convex cone shape, and the chamber adopts a corresponding chamber concave conical surface (20) with a concave cone shape; the conical end of the combustion chamber is provided with a crown-shaped triangular top projection (17), the chamber of the bullet adopts a corresponding groove, namely a bullet guide groove (19), which is matched with the corresponding groove, and the groove also provides a guide function for the bullet to enter the chamber of the bullet, and is called as a bullet guide groove (19); the axis of the bullet holding opening (18) of the magazine (31) slightly inclines to point within the range of the concave conical surface (20) of the magazine chamber; the bullet head is tightly attached to the outer wall of the combustion chamber (3) under the action of the magazine spring, the bullet head and the combustion chamber are in a friction sliding state, when the combustion chamber moves backwards after leaving the chamber, the conical end of the combustion chamber is completely retracted to the rear of a magazine opening, the bullet head invades into a combustion chamber running space under the thrust of the spring, when the combustion chamber (3) moves towards the direction close to the chamber (16), the triangular top projection (17) pushes the bullet head out of a bullet holding opening (18) of the magazine (31), the bullet head slides into a chamber concave conical surface (20) under the action of a bullet head guide groove, when the bullet tip just enters the chamber, the bullet holding opening still keeps the clamping capacity on the bullet head, and the bullet head can automatically enter the chamber (16) under the extrusion of the combustion chamber conical head (14) to complete loading through the self-guiding capacity of the concave conical surface.
3. Method for realising caseless automatic weapons with liquid propellant charge according to claim 1, characterised in that the method for realising a hermetic locking of the chamber and the combustion chamber (3) comprises:
the combustion chamber main body (21) is in a thick-wall round tube shape, the combination surfaces of the combustion chamber (3) and the chamber (16) are mutually nested and jointed by conical surfaces to realize air tightness, wherein the front end of the combustion chamber (3) adopts a combustion chamber conical head (14) with a convex conical surface, and the chamber adopts a chamber concave conical surface (20) jointed with the conical surface of the combustion chamber; the combustion chamber main body (21) and the conical head of the combustion chamber main body are made of different materials in a nested mode, the combustion chamber main body (21) is made of high-strength materials, the combustion chamber conical head (14) is made of materials with high elastoplasticity, and the combustion chamber conical head is better attached to the concave conical surface (20) of the cartridge chamber to guarantee air tightness by deforming under the high pressure of fuel gas by utilizing the high elastoplasticity; a gear-shaped rotary lock (4) is arranged at the tail end of the combustion chamber, and a corresponding tooth projection (22) is arranged inside the casing (2); the rotary lock (4) is coaxial with the combustion chamber (3), the rotary lock (4) is sleeved outside the tail section of the combustion chamber in a ring manner and can freely rotate around the combustion chamber (3), and the tail end of the combustion chamber (3) can limit the rotary lock (4) to axially slide relative to the combustion chamber (3) by a protrusion similar to a shaft shoulder (39) and a retaining ring (6); the casing is provided with an L-shaped guide groove (25), the guide pin (5) is inserted into the rotary lock (4) through the mounting hole (42) for fixation, and the rotary lock (4) can move along the guide groove (25) under the action of the guide pin (5); when the loading of the bullet head is finished, the combustion chamber conical head (14) and the bullet chamber concave conical surface (20) are nested and overlapped to stop moving, the rotary lock (4) can continuously rotate under the combined action of the guide pin (5) and the guide groove (25), finally, the rotary lock tooth projection (22) and the tooth projection (22) in the case (2) are covered and overlapped, and at the moment, the combustion chamber (3) can not move back and forth along the axial direction any more so as to realize locking; the binding surfaces of the rotary lock tooth projection (22) and the casing tooth projection (22) are mutually matched in a wedge shape, and the combustion chamber (3) can be pushed to approach the cartridge chamber (16) as far as possible by the rotation of the rotary lock (4), so that the conical head (14) of the combustion chamber is tightly bound with the concave conical surface (20) of the cartridge chamber.
4. Method for realising caseless automatic weapons with liquid propellant according to claim 1, characterised in that the tightness of the front end of the combustion chamber is realised by means of a bullet-shaped tail end portion projecting into the combustion chamber (3), the tightness of the front end of the combustion chamber being realised by means of a method comprising:
the aperture of a gas outlet (27) at the front end of the combustion chamber is smaller than the diameter of the bullet but slightly larger than the diameter of the tail end of the bullet, and the gas outlet needs to be in a certain bell mouth shape outwards; during loading of the bullet, the tip of the bullet enters the chamber (16) under the pressure of the chamber cone (14), while the tail end of the bullet partially extends inside the gas outlet (27) of the combustion chamber to provide a degree of gas tightness.
5. The method of claim 1 for implementing a caseless automatic weapon using a liquid propellant charge, wherein the method of achieving airtightness at the rear end of the combustion chamber by means of a stationary plunger comprises:
the cylindrical plunger (7) is coaxial with the combustion chamber (3), the plunger (7) is fixed on the casing (2) through threads, and the plungers (7) are inserted into the tail end of the combustion chamber (3) and are in clearance fit with each other to form a certain airtight condition similar to the operation relationship of a piston and a cylinder; the combustion chamber (3) is supported by a guide rail (37) of a casing and a guide of a plunger (7) to keep a certain precision to reciprocate along a straight line; after the powder explosion, the combustion chamber gas outlet (27) transmits energy to the bullet, and the plunger (7) bears the gas pressure and transmits the gas pressure to the case (2).
6. The method of claim 1 for implementing a caseless automatic weapon using a liquid propellant charge, wherein the method of powder injection and ignition is performed by a stationary plunger, the method of powder injection and ignition comprising:
the plunger (7) is axially machined with a deep hole of the type used to mount an igniter discharge needle (38) and as a liquid powder discharge orifice (30).
7. The method of claim 1 for implementing a caseless automatic weapon using liquid propellant charge, wherein the method of linking injection and ignition for liquid propellant charge flow leak-prone characteristics comprises:
the liquid gunpowder stays in the combustion chamber (3) all the time at a certain short moment after the trigger is triggered; the injection and ignition of the liquid gunpowder are realized in linkage, wherein the fuel and the oxidant are injected in front, and the igniter completes ignition and is launched behind; when a trigger signal is sent, the electronic fire control unit judges other emission conditions and then sends an opening instruction to the electromagnetic valve to spray fuel and oxidant, and an ignition instruction is sent to the igniter to complete ignition emission at the moment when the electromagnetic valve is closed; the total time consumed by fuel, oxidant injection and ignition is controlled within the reaction speed of human beings, so that the shooting delay is avoided.
8. The method of claim 1 for implementing a caseless automatic weapon using a liquid propellant charge, wherein the method of implementing a single shot precision fire comprises:
under the single fire mode, the gunlock can run to the locked state of the loading chamber and stop after being shot each time through proper time delay, and waits for the next trigger triggering instruction; when the trigger is triggered, the electronic fire control unit gives a linkage signal for gunpowder injection and ignition emission, and after ignition, the electronic fire control unit can execute proper time delay and then drive the gun to lock the next bullet in the chamber, and the delay can ensure that the action of the gun is carried out after the previous bullet leaves the muzzle, so that the bullet is prevented from being disturbed before leaving the chamber.
9. The method of claim 1 for implementing a caseless automatic weapon using liquid propellant charge, wherein the method of implementing a high speed firing requirement comprises:
under the multi-burst and burst fire power mode, the bolt can continuously carry out reciprocating circulation to finish the loading locking action without stopping until the determined burst times are finished or the trigger is released; the electronic fire control unit judges the position state of the gunlock according to the angular displacement signal of the stepping motor and automatically gives the gunpowder injection and ignition instructions within a proper time period according to the position information; a cylindrical cam (11) driven by a stepping motor interacts with the slide block (9) through a slide block cam rod (24) on the slide block, and when the cylindrical cam (11) rotates, the slide block cam rod (24) moves relatively along a cam groove (28) to push the slide block (9) to move; the cam groove (28) is provided with a specially designed vertical arc line groove (23) which is vertical to the cam shaft, the arc length of the vertical arc line groove is 1/4 cam outer diameter circumference arc length, when the slide block cam rod (24) runs in the vertical arc line groove, the slide block (9) is in a relative static state, and simultaneously the combustion chamber (3) is also in a locking state; in each loading and locking cycle which is continuously carried out at a high speed, the cylindrical cam (11) can continuously rotate, meanwhile, the vertical arc line groove (23) of the cam groove can periodically provide a time segment to ensure that the combustion chambers are in a locked static state, the system finishes gunpowder injection and ignition emission in the time segment, and the stepping motor and other moving parts are in a continuous circulating running state from beginning to end in the time segment, so that the influence on the shooting speed and precision caused by delay and vibration due to frequent starting and stopping of the moving parts can be avoided.
10. The method of claim 1 for implementing an automatic warfare system without a cartridge case using a liquid propellant charge, wherein the method of implementing a fire control unit using a single chip microcomputer comprises:
the electronic fire control unit of the weapon is realized by adopting a single chip microcomputer and related operation programs, and various electronic switches are adopted: the trigger, the fire power mode selector switch, the power selector switch and the environment-related sensor are used as input equipment, the electromagnetic valve, the igniter, the gunpowder and the bullet allowance indicating equipment are used as output equipment, and the stepping motor controller has the input and output functions; the electronic fire control unit processes the input instruction according to a set program and outputs the result to corresponding output equipment.
11. The method of claim 1 for implementing a caseless automatic weapon using liquid propellant charge, wherein the method of implementing a trigger function by an electronic fire control unit using an electronic switch comprises:
the electronic switch is used for realizing the trigger function, the switch provides trigger triggering and releasing signals for the electronic fire control unit, and then the subsequent instructions of the electronic fire control unit control other parts to act to finish shooting.
12. The method of claim 1 for implementing a caseless automatic weapon using liquid propellant charge, wherein the method of switching between arming and fire modes using an electronic switch via an electronic fire control unit comprises:
the weapon fire mode switching function is realized by adopting a rotary type waveband switch or a multipole switch in other forms, and different rotations respectively represent safety closing, single-shot, multi-shot and continuous-shot fire modes; after a trigger signal is given, the electronic fire control unit judges the state of the fire power mode switch to determine the firing mode to be output.
13. The method of claim 1 for implementing a caseless automatic weapon using a liquid propellant charge, wherein the method of selectable firing power is implemented by an electronic fire control unit using an electronic switch, the method of selectable firing power comprising:
the firing power adjustment of the weapon is realized by adopting a rotary waveband switch or a multipole switch in other forms, and the corresponding firing power is high, medium, low and explosion-proof non-lethal power; the electronic fire control unit determines the opening duration of the electromagnetic valve by judging the position of the switch, and finally determines the launching power by controlling the injection quantity of gunpowder.
14. The method of claim 1 for implementing automatic weapons without a cartridge case using liquid propellant, wherein the method for implementing grenade launching and blank cartridge launching is implemented by an electronic fire control unit using an electronic switch, and the method for implementing grenade launching and blank cartridge launching comprises:
the grenade/blank cartridge launching selection of the weapon is realized by adopting an electronic switch; when the grenade/blank grenade mode is started, the combustion chamber is always in a locked state, and the system does not perform bullet loading action until the electronic switch is released.
15. The method of claim 1 for implementing a caseless automatic weapon using a liquid propellant charge, characterized by implementing a method for automatically adjusting the internal trajectory to actively adapt to changes in environmental firing conditions, the method for automatically adjusting the internal trajectory comprising:
environmental shooting parameters are obtained through temperature, humidity and air pressure sensors, the electronic fire control unit judges and inquires corresponding correction parameters, the opening duration of the electromagnetic valve is adjusted to change the injection quantity of gunpowder, and the consistency of the outer trajectory is guaranteed through automatic adjustment of the characteristics of the inner trajectory.
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| CN110006288B (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2024-01-30 | 重庆建设工业(集团)有限责任公司 | Multi-tube impact-free emission transfer gun triggered by electromagnetic induction |
| CN111569312A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-08-25 | 杨根喜 | Constant-pressure spraying and mixing method and device for solid fire extinguishing composition |
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| US1451443A (en) * | 1918-12-04 | 1923-04-10 | Fowler Elbert | Machine gun |
| US4938116A (en) * | 1987-04-20 | 1990-07-03 | Royster John L | Recoil system for weapons with a reciprocating breech block |
| CN2155100Y (en) * | 1992-01-07 | 1994-02-02 | 冯建光 | Reciprocatable electric apparatus |
| CN2159008Y (en) * | 1992-11-14 | 1994-03-16 | 中国人民解放军第七三一三工厂 | Automatic-filling shotgun |
| CN201407955Y (en) * | 2009-03-27 | 2010-02-17 | 孝感三江航天红林模具制造有限公司 | Automatic firing mechanism |
| CN201993033U (en) * | 2011-01-25 | 2011-09-28 | 郑安庆 | Shooting system for caseless bullets or cartridges |
| US9146069B2 (en) * | 2012-05-22 | 2015-09-29 | Haptech, Inc. | Method and apparatus for firearm recoil simulation |
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