CN108625931A - 低速机有效尾气处理装置 - Google Patents

低速机有效尾气处理装置 Download PDF

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CN108625931A
CN108625931A CN201810533451.XA CN201810533451A CN108625931A CN 108625931 A CN108625931 A CN 108625931A CN 201810533451 A CN201810533451 A CN 201810533451A CN 108625931 A CN108625931 A CN 108625931A
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exhaust gas
ammonia
ammonium hydroxide
injection device
adsorption case
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王贵新
苏衍畔
李晓波
吴文涛
陈广库
杨瑞
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Harbin Engineering University
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/022Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/04Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust using liquids
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0821Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with particulate filters
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/0857Carbon oxides
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F01N3/2073Selective catalytic reduction [SCR] with means for generating a reducing substance from the exhaust gases
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)

Abstract

本发明的目的在于提供低速机有效尾气处理装置,包括依次相连的氨水注入装置、催化器、催化氧化装置、冷却器、微粒过滤器、二氧化碳吸附箱、干燥箱和活性炭吸附箱,氨水注入装置其上方设置储液罐,储液罐下方为喷洒头,所述催化器包括依次相连的氨扩散器、氨催化转化器、消音器,氨扩散器与氨水注入装置相连,消音器与催化氧化装置相连,所述冷却器为水冷方式,所述微粒过滤器采用一次性纸质过滤器,氨水注入装置的入口连接尾气的进气管,活性炭吸附箱的出口连接尾气的排气管。本发明结构简单,通过这些技术措施能有效去除废气中氮氧化物、CO、碳氢化合物,对废气中颗粒具有高效的过滤性,此外还能吸附废气中的臭气,使柴油机尾气排放达到标准。

Description

低速机有效尾气处理装置
技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种尾气处理装置,具体地说是柴油机尾气处理装置。
背景技术
柴油机燃烧过程比较复杂,影响因素很多,由于种种原因,内燃机燃料与空气常常很难达到完全燃烧的程度,在局部或者整个燃烧空间内出现不完全燃烧是完全可能的,因此,柴油机排气中一般含有不完全燃烧产物和燃烧中间产物。其中包括:一氧化碳CO、碳氢化合物HC、氮氧化物NOx、二氧化硫SO2、颗粒物PM和醛类等。这些大部分是有毒的,或者具有强烈的刺激性、臭味和致癌作用,是排气中的有害成分。燃料本身也常含有其他有毒物质和添加剂,这些有毒物质的总和,在柴油机的排气中不到排气总量的1%。虽然其含量在排气中所占的百分比并不太大,但随着柴油机保有量的不断增加,排放总量对大气环境的污染不可低估,对人和物、植物的毒副作用很大,是造成大气污染的重要污染源,成为大气环境治理的重点和难点,已引起人们的高度重视。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供可满足相关排放标准的低速机有效尾气处理装置。
本发明的目的是这样实现的:
本发明低速机有效尾气处理装置,其特征是:包括依次相连的氨水注入装置、催化器、催化氧化装置、冷却器、微粒过滤器、二氧化碳吸附箱、干燥箱和活性炭吸附箱,所述氨水注入装置,其上方设置储液罐,储液罐下方为喷洒头,所述催化器包括依次相连的氨扩散器、氨催化转化器、消音器,氨扩散器与氨水注入装置相连,消音器与催化氧化装置相连,所述冷却器为水冷方式,所述微粒过滤器采用一次性纸质过滤器,氨水注入装置的入口连接尾气的进气管,活性炭吸附箱的出口连接尾气的排气管。
本发明还可以包括:
1、废气进入尾气的进气管,流经氨水注入装置中,储液罐内的氨水经喷洒头喷洒到流动的废气中,废气和氨水接触后产生氨并进入催化器内,催化器的氨扩散器使废气中的氨分布到氨催化转化器表面,氨和氮氧化物在其内经催化还原反应生成氮气和水,氮气直接排到大气中,分解出氨气的废气流经消音器后进入到催化氧化装置内,将一氧化碳和碳氢化合物经氧化生成二氧化碳和水,之后流经冷却器,之后的废气流到微粒过滤器内,对其中的颗粒物PM进行过滤,过滤后的废气进入二氧化碳吸附箱内,二氧化碳被吸附,去除二氧化碳的废气流入干燥箱内进行干燥,去除废气中含有的水分,之后废气进入活性炭吸附箱,对废气进行最后的甲醛吸附,去除臭味,经排气管排到大气中。
本发明的优势在于:氨水与柴油机废气接触产生氨,在催化器内发生催化还原反应,将氮氧化物转化为无害的氮气和水;分解出氮气的柴油机废气经过催化氧化装置,将废气内的一氧化碳和碳氢化合物氧化成二氧化碳和水,之后经过后面装置的二氧化碳吸附箱,将废气内的二氧化碳吸附掉,不会排到大气中;此外废气经过微粒过滤器时,会将废气内的颗粒物过滤掉,过滤器内为一次性的滤芯,更换比较方便;冷却器的设置可以适当降低废气的温度;干燥箱的设置可以去除废气在催化器和氧化装置发生化学反应产生的水;最后活性炭吸附箱的设置可以吸收废气中的甲醛,去除臭味;经过一系列装置后,废气中的一氧化碳、碳氢化合物、氮氧化物、颗粒物和甲醛得到有效清除,经排气管可排到大气中,满足排放标准。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图举例对本发明做更详细地描述:
结合图1,本发明公开了一种柴油机尾气处理装置。柴油机尾气处理装置包括进气管1、氨水注入装置2、催化器3、催化氧化装置7、冷却器8、微粒过滤器9、二氧化碳吸附箱10、干燥箱11、活性炭吸附箱12、排气管13。废气经柴油机排出缸外后,进入该尾气处理装置进气管1,先流经氨水注入装置2中,储液罐内的氨水经喷头喷洒到流动的废气中;废气和氨水充分接触后产生氨,进入催化器3内,其内部的氨扩散器4将废气中的氨均匀地分布到氨催化转化器5表面,氨和氮氧化物在其内经催化还原反应最终生成无害的氮气和水,氮气可直接排到大气中不会造成环境破坏;分解出氨气的废气流经消音器6后进入到催化氧化装置7内,将一氧化碳和碳氢化合物经氧化生成二氧化碳和水;之后流经冷却器8降低废气温度;之后废气流到微粒过滤器9内,对其中的颗粒物PM进行一次高效率的过滤,过滤后废气中的颗粒物含量将很低;过滤后的废气来到二氧化碳吸附箱10内,能将其内的二氧化碳统统吸附,达到去除废气中二氧化碳的效果;去除二氧化碳的废气流入干燥箱11内进行干燥,去除废气中含有的水分;之后废气来到活性炭吸附箱12,对废气进行最后的甲醛吸附,去除臭味;这样经过一系列装置后,废气中的一氧化碳、碳氢化合物、氮氧化物、颗粒物和甲醛得到有效清除,经排气管13可排到大气中,满足排放标准。
氨水注入装置中,上方为储液罐,下方为喷洒头,喷洒头均布规则圆孔,氨水喷洒效果类似淋浴,使氨水与废气较好接触。冷却器采用水冷方式,废气从规则排列的管内流动,管与管间注入水。微粒过滤器滤芯采用一次性纸质过滤器,将其折成褶状。二氧化碳吸附箱内布置一圈二氧化碳吸附剂,主要利用纳米技术将层状水滑石和氧化钙等具有很强吸附CO2特性的材料进行结构优化,这种二氧化碳吸附剂不仅能在很宽的温度范围使用,而且还能再生,重复使用,具有很好的节能和环保效果。

Claims (2)

1.低速机有效尾气处理装置,其特征是:包括依次相连的氨水注入装置、催化器、催化氧化装置、冷却器、微粒过滤器、二氧化碳吸附箱、干燥箱和活性炭吸附箱,所述氨水注入装置,其上方设置储液罐,储液罐下方为喷洒头,所述催化器包括依次相连的氨扩散器、氨催化转化器、消音器,氨扩散器与氨水注入装置相连,消音器与催化氧化装置相连,所述冷却器为水冷方式,所述微粒过滤器采用一次性纸质过滤器,氨水注入装置的入口连接尾气的进气管,活性炭吸附箱的出口连接尾气的排气管。
2.根据权利要求1所述的低速机有效尾气处理装置,其特征是:废气进入尾气的进气管,流经氨水注入装置中,储液罐内的氨水经喷洒头喷洒到流动的废气中,废气和氨水接触后产生氨并进入催化器内,催化器的氨扩散器使废气中的氨分布到氨催化转化器表面,氨和氮氧化物在其内经催化还原反应生成氮气和水,氮气直接排到大气中,分解出氨气的废气流经消音器后进入到催化氧化装置内,将一氧化碳和碳氢化合物经氧化生成二氧化碳和水,之后流经冷却器,之后的废气流到微粒过滤器内,对其中的颗粒物PM进行过滤,过滤后的废气进入二氧化碳吸附箱内,二氧化碳被吸附,去除二氧化碳的废气流入干燥箱内进行干燥,去除废气中含有的水分,之后废气进入活性炭吸附箱,对废气进行最后的甲醛吸附,去除臭味,经排气管排到大气中。
CN201810533451.XA 2018-05-03 2018-05-29 低速机有效尾气处理装置 Pending CN108625931A (zh)

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CN115342630A (zh) * 2022-08-26 2022-11-15 上海毅品工业设备制造有限公司 一种烘房废气处理零排放装置及方法

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