CN108624947B - Aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108624947B CN108624947B CN201710168677.XA CN201710168677A CN108624947B CN 108624947 B CN108624947 B CN 108624947B CN 201710168677 A CN201710168677 A CN 201710168677A CN 108624947 B CN108624947 B CN 108624947B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F3/00—Electrolytic etching or polishing
- C25F3/16—Polishing
- C25F3/18—Polishing of light metals
- C25F3/20—Polishing of light metals of aluminium
Abstract
The invention discloses an aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of phosphoric acid, 20-40 parts of sulfuric acid, 1-5 parts of aluminum sheet, 0.5-12 parts of rare earth salt, 0.005-0.3 part of copper salt, 0.005-0.3 part of nickel salt and 0.01-5 parts of wetting agent. Compared with the prior art, the aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution disclosed by the invention does not generate toxic and harmful substances in the use process, does not cause harm to human bodies, does not contain active organic matters in the polishing agent, is good in stability, can meet the requirement of electrolytic polishing of a full-automatic line, and is high in surface brightness and smoothness of the aluminum alloy after electrolytic polishing, and no pockmark or gas mark is generated on the surface.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of chemical engineering, in particular to the field of electrolytic polishing in aluminum alloy surface treatment.
Background
With the development of the industrial society, aluminum is used as a metal material and has unique easy processability, so that the aluminum is widely applied to industries such as aviation, automobiles, electronic consumer goods and the like. The surface of the aluminum alloy is mainly processed by electroplating and anodizing the surface of the aluminum, and the surface of the aluminum must be polished before electroplating or anodizing, and the polishing process is mainly divided into three types, namely mechanical polishing, chemical polishing and electrochemical polishing. The scheme mainly solves the existing problems through an electrochemical polishing method.
The electrolytic polishing is a main link of electrochemical polishing, and the traditional electrolytic polishing solution adopts a mixed solution of phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid and chromic anhydride, wherein chromic anhydride belongs to toxic substances, and toxic and harmful substances can be released to the environment in the electrolytic polishing process, so that the personal safety of operators is adversely affected. In order to solve the problem of high toxicity of the traditional electrolytic polishing solution, the prior art discloses an environment-friendly electrolytic polishing solution.
The application number is 201210332815.0, the patent name is 'electrolytic polishing agent', and the electrolytic polishing agent is disclosed, wherein the electrolytic polishing agent is composed of 890-1280g/L phosphoric acid, 168-340g/L sulfuric acid, 20-50g/L aluminum ions and 1-5g/L coupling agent. The defects are as follows: the brightness and smoothness of the treated aluminum surface are poor, and the complete mirror surface brightness cannot be achieved.
The application number is 200910108451.6, the patent name is 'aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution and a preparation method and an aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing method', and the aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution is disclosed, and consists of 50wt% -80wt% of phosphoric acid, 9wt% -25wt% of sulfuric acid, 9wt% -30wt% of alcohol, 1wt% -3wt% of aluminum, 0.2wt% -1wt% of inorganic salt and 0.5wt% -2wt% of surfactant. The defects are as follows: the electro-polishing solution is unstable, the tank solution is difficult to control, the viscosity is high during production, the foam is serious, the tank solution is quick to age, and the service life is short.
Although the technical scheme overcomes the defect that the conventional electrolytic polishing solution uses chromic anhydride, the surface smoothness and brightness of the treated aluminum alloy are poorer than those of the conventional electrolytic polishing solution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution, which can solve the problem that the surface of an aluminum alloy is poor in smoothness and brightness after being polished by an environment-friendly electrolyte in the prior art. Therefore, the invention also provides a preparation method of the electrolytic polishing solution.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution, which comprises the following components in parts by weight:
furthermore, the copper salt is one or a mixture of copper sulfate, copper nitrate, copper phosphate, copper carbonate, copper gluconate, copper tartrate, copper sulfamate, copper chloride, copper hydroxide, copper citrate, copper acetate, copper oxalate, cuprous oxide and cupric oxide.
The copper salt plays a role in corrosion of the primary battery in the electrolytic polishing process, copper ions are adsorbed on the microscopic surface of the aluminum alloy, and generate potential difference with aluminum, so that the flattening force of the surface of the aluminum alloy is increased, and the surface of the aluminum alloy is smoother.
Furthermore, the nickel salt is one or a mixture of nickel sulfate, nickel chloride, nickel nitrate, nickel acetate, nickel oxalate, nickel citrate, nickel ammonium sulfate, nickel fluoride, nickel hydroxide, nickel carbonate and nickel sulfamate.
The nickel salt and the copper salt play a synergistic effect, the brightening time of the aluminum alloy surface is shortened, and the leveling speed of the aluminum alloy surface is accelerated.
Further, the rare earth salt is one or a mixture of more of molybdenum oxide, molybdenum sulfide, phosphomolybdic acid, phosphotungstic acid, molybdic acid, ammonium molybdate, sodium molybdate, bismuth nitrate, molybdenum chloride, zinc molybdate, potassium molybdate, calcium molybdate, cerium oxide, cerium chloride, cerous acetate, cerium carbonate, cerium nitrate, cerous nitrate, cerium sulfate, cerous sulfate, ceric ammonium nitrate, lanthanum oxide, lanthanum chloride, lanthanum oxalate, lanthanum acetate, lanthanum hydroxide, lanthanum nitrate, yttrium nitrate, praseodymium nitrate, gadolinium nitrate, neodymium nitrate, europium nitrate, ceric ammonium nitrate, dysprosium nitrate, zirconium carbonate, lanthanum carbonate, and the like.
The rare earth salt has corrosion inhibition capability, is adsorbed and deposited on the surface of the aluminum alloy, changes the property of an aluminum surface film through the self-oxidizing property, and plays a role in inhibiting the active dissolution of aluminum metal and promoting the passivation of the aluminum metal.
Furthermore, the wetting agent is one or a mixture of more of ethanol, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, dimethyl sulfoxide, tween, span, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, coconut oil fatty acid diethanolamide, alkyl polyglycoside, fatty acid monoethanolamide, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene, nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium alkylnaphthalene sulfonate, sodium alkylaryl sulfonate, sodium lauryl sarcosinate and the like.
The wetting agent reduces the interfacial tension between the electrode and the electrolytic polishing solution in the electrolytic process, so that the electrolytic polishing solution is easier to spread on the surface of the aluminum alloy.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the copper salt to the nickel salt is 5: 1-20: 1.
In a second aspect of the present invention, a method for preparing an aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution is provided, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: mixing phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid according to a proportion;
step 2: adding copper salt, nickel salt, rare earth salt and wetting agent into water according to a certain proportion, and stirring until the copper salt, the nickel salt, the rare earth salt and the wetting agent are completely dissolved;
and 3, step 3: adding the mixed solution obtained in the step (1) into the mixed solution obtained in the step (2), and uniformly stirring;
and 4, step 4: and (4) adding the aluminum sheet into the mixed solution obtained in the step (3) until the aluminum sheet is completely dissolved.
And (3) heating the mixed solution in the step (3) before adding the aluminum sheet, wherein the temperature of the heated mixed solution is 90-100 ℃.
Preferably, the temperature of the mixed solution heated in the step 3 is 90 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution disclosed by the invention does not generate toxic and harmful substances in the use process, does not cause damage to human bodies, does not contain active organic matters in the polishing agent, is good in stability, can meet the requirement of electrolytic polishing of a full-automatic line, and is high in surface brightness and smoothness of the aluminum alloy after electrolytic polishing, and no pockmark or gas mark is generated on the surface.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to comparative examples and specific examples.
Example 1
An aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution comprises the following components: 400g of phosphoric acid, 400g of sulfuric acid, 0.5g of copper sulfate, 0.1g of nickel sulfate, 50g of phosphomolybdic acid, 2g of glycerol, 35g of aluminum sheet and 150g of water.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding 400g of phosphoric acid into a beaker A, adding 400g of sulfuric acid under the stirring condition, adding 150g of water into the beaker B, continuously adding 0.5g of copper sulfate, 0.1g of nickel sulfate, 50g of phosphomolybdic acid and 2g of glycerol into the beaker B, stirring until all the components are uniformly mixed, adding a mixture of phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid in the beaker A into the beaker B, uniformly mixing, heating to 90 ℃, adding 35g of aluminum sheet until the aluminum sheet is completely dissolved, and obtaining the aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution.
Example 2
An aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution comprises the following components: 500g of phosphoric acid, 300g of sulfuric acid, 1g of copper sulfate, 0.05g of nickel sulfate, 75g of phosphomolybdic acid, 1g of glycerol, 35g of aluminum sheet and 125g of water.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding 500g of phosphoric acid into a beaker A, adding 300g of sulfuric acid under the stirring condition, adding 125g of water into the beaker B, continuously adding 1g of copper sulfate, 0.05g of nickel sulfate, 75g of phosphomolybdic acid and 1g of glycerol into the beaker B, stirring until all components are uniformly mixed, adding a mixture of phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid in the beaker A into the beaker B, heating to 90 ℃ after uniform mixing, adding 35g of aluminum sheet until the aluminum sheet is completely dissolved, and obtaining the aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution.
Example 3
An aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution comprises the following components: 600g of phosphoric acid, 200g of sulfuric acid, 3g of copper sulfate, 0.3g of nickel sulfate, 100g of phosphomolybdic acid, 1g of glycerol, 35g of aluminum sheet and 100g of water.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding 600g of phosphoric acid into a beaker A, adding 300g of sulfuric acid under the stirring condition, adding 100g of water into the beaker B, continuously adding 3g of copper sulfate, 0.3g of nickel sulfate, 100g of phosphomolybdic acid and 1g of glycerol into the beaker B, stirring until all components are uniformly mixed, adding a mixture of phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid in the beaker A into the beaker B, heating to 90 ℃ after uniform mixing, adding 35g of aluminum sheet until the aluminum sheet is completely dissolved, and obtaining the aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution.
Example 4
An aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution comprises the following components: 500g of phosphoric acid, 300g of sulfuric acid, 1g of copper sulfate, 0.1g of nickel sulfate, 75g of phosphomolybdic acid, 1g of glycerol, 35g of aluminum sheet and 125g of water.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding 500g of phosphoric acid into a beaker A, adding 300g of sulfuric acid under the stirring condition, adding 125g of water into the beaker B, continuously adding 1g of copper sulfate, 0.1g of nickel sulfate, 75g of phosphomolybdic acid and 1g of glycerol into the beaker B, stirring until all the components are uniformly mixed, adding a mixture of phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid in the beaker A into the beaker B, heating to 90 ℃ after uniform mixing, adding 35g of aluminum sheet until the aluminum sheet is completely dissolved, and obtaining the aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution.
Example 5
An aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution comprises the following components: 500g of phosphoric acid, 300g of sulfuric acid, 2g of copper sulfate, 0.1g of nickel sulfate, 75g of phosphomolybdic acid, 1g of glycerol, 35g of aluminum sheet and 125g of water.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding 500g of phosphoric acid into a beaker A, adding 300g of sulfuric acid under the stirring condition, adding 125g of water into the beaker B, continuously adding 2g of copper sulfate, 0.1g of nickel sulfate, 75g of phosphomolybdic acid and 1g of glycerol into the beaker B, stirring until all the components are uniformly mixed, adding a mixture of phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid in the beaker A into the beaker B, heating to 90 ℃ after uniform mixing, adding 35g of aluminum sheet until the aluminum sheet is completely dissolved, and obtaining the aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution.
Comparative example 1
An aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution comprises the following components: 500g of phosphoric acid, 300g of sulfuric acid, 75g of phosphomolybdic acid, 1g of glycerol, 35g of aluminum sheet and 125g of water.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding 500g of phosphoric acid into a beaker A, adding 300g of sulfuric acid under the stirring condition, adding 125g of water into the beaker B, continuously adding 75g of phosphomolybdic acid and 1g of glycerol into the beaker B, stirring until the components are uniformly mixed, adding a mixture of the phosphoric acid and the sulfuric acid in the beaker A into the beaker B, uniformly mixing, heating to 90 ℃, adding 35g of aluminum sheet until the aluminum sheet is completely dissolved, and obtaining the aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution.
Comparative example 2
An aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution comprises the following components: 500g of phosphoric acid, 300g of sulfuric acid, 2g of copper sulfate, 0.1g of nickel sulfate, 1g of glycerol, 35g of aluminum sheet and 125g of water.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding 500g of phosphoric acid into a beaker A, adding 300g of sulfuric acid under the stirring condition, adding 125g of water into the beaker B, continuously adding 2g of copper sulfate, 0.1g of nickel sulfate and 1g of glycerol into the beaker B, stirring until all components are uniformly mixed, adding a mixture of the phosphoric acid and the sulfuric acid in the beaker A into the beaker B, heating to 90 ℃ after uniform mixing, adding 35g of aluminum sheet until the aluminum sheet is completely dissolved, and obtaining the aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution.
Comparative example 3
An aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution comprises the following components: 500g of phosphoric acid, 300g of sulfuric acid, 2g of copper sulfate, 75g of phosphomolybdic acid, 1g of glycerol, 35g of aluminum sheet and 125g of water.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding 500g of phosphoric acid into a beaker A, adding 300g of sulfuric acid under the stirring condition, adding 125g of water into the beaker B, continuously adding 2g of copper sulfate, 75g of phosphomolybdic acid and 1g of glycerol into the beaker B, stirring until the components are uniformly mixed, adding a mixture of the phosphoric acid and the sulfuric acid in the beaker A into the beaker B, heating to 90 ℃ after uniform mixing, and adding 35g of aluminum sheet until the aluminum sheet is completely dissolved to obtain the aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution.
The electrolytic polishing solutions obtained in examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were subjected to performance tests:
the prepared electrolytic polishing solution is placed in an electrolytic bath, an aluminum alloy workpiece to be polished is used as an anode, metal lead is used as a cathode, and a power supply (voltage is 25 volts, and current density is 10A/dm) is switched on 2 ) And continuously electrifying for 2min, and finishing the polishing process.
The brightness and the flatness of the surface of the aluminum alloy workpiece are observed, and the results are shown in the following table:
| lightness of light | Flatness of | Gas mark | Pocking mark | |
| Example 1 | Youyou (an instant noodle) | Superior food | Is free of | Is free of |
| Example 2 | Superior food | Superior food | Is composed of | Is free of |
| Example 3 | Superior food | Superior food | Is composed of | Is free of |
| Example 4 | Youyou (an instant noodle) | Superior food | Is free of | Is free of |
| Example 5 | Superior food | Superior food | Is free of | Is composed of |
| Comparative example 1 | Difference (D) | Good quality | Is free of | Small amount of |
| Comparative example 2 | Good quality | Difference (D) | Small amount of | Is composed of |
| Comparative example 3 | Good wine | Superior food | Is composed of | Is free of |
According to the data, the copper salt and the nickel salt in the electrolytic polishing solution have the synergistic effect that the brightness and the flatness of the surface of the polished aluminum alloy workpiece are greatly improved, the corrosion inhibition capability of the surface of the aluminum alloy workpiece is improved by adding the rare earth salt, and the surface of the aluminum alloy is prevented from generating gas marks in the polishing process.
The present invention has been described in terms of specific examples, which are provided to aid in understanding the invention and are not intended to be limiting. For a person skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions, modifications or substitutions may be made according to the idea of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. The preparation method of the aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution comprises the following components in parts by weight:
40-60 parts of phosphoric acid
20-40 parts of sulfuric acid
1-5 parts of aluminum sheet
0.5 to 12 portions of rare earth salt
Copper salt 0.005-1 part
0.005-1 part of nickel salt
0.01-5 parts of a wetting agent;
wherein the copper salt is copper sulfate;
wherein the nickel salt is nickel sulfate;
wherein the rare earth salt is phosphomolybdic acid;
wherein the humectant is glycerin;
the weight ratio of the copper salt to the nickel salt is 5: 1-20: 1;
step 1: mixing phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid according to a proportion;
step 2: adding copper salt, nickel salt, rare earth salt and wetting agent into water according to a certain proportion, and stirring until the copper salt, the nickel salt, the rare earth salt and the wetting agent are completely dissolved;
and step 3: adding the mixed solution obtained in the step (1) into the mixed solution obtained in the step (2), and uniformly stirring;
and 4, step 4: adding an aluminum sheet into the mixed solution obtained in the step (3) until the aluminum sheet is completely dissolved;
and 3, heating the mixed solution in the step 3 before adding the aluminum sheet, wherein the temperature of the heated mixed solution is 80-100 ℃.
2. The method for preparing an aluminum alloy electrolytic polishing solution according to claim 1, characterized by: the temperature of the mixed solution heated in the step 3 is 90 ℃.
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