CN108621506B - 一种内置气凝胶复合板的节能玻璃及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种内置气凝胶复合板的节能玻璃及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108621506B
CN108621506B CN201710162217.6A CN201710162217A CN108621506B CN 108621506 B CN108621506 B CN 108621506B CN 201710162217 A CN201710162217 A CN 201710162217A CN 108621506 B CN108621506 B CN 108621506B
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aerogel
glass
composite board
transparent
energy
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CN108621506A (zh
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卢梦言
卢军
卢孟磊
张丁日
卢斌
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Changsha Xingna Aerogel Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明提出了一种内置气凝胶复合板的节能玻璃及其制备方法,由两片透明板、密封件和气凝胶复合板构成,所述两片透明板与所述密封件构成一个密封空腔,所述密封空腔内夹填气凝胶复合板。其制造方法包括以下步骤:(1)布置气凝胶,将气凝胶复合板放置于透明板上;(2)布置密封件,将密封件放置于气凝胶复合板四周边缘的透明板上;(3)合片,将另一片透明板放置于步骤(2)中的预组合体上;(4)熔封,将步骤(3)得到的组合体加热至密封件熔化密封。本发明公开的内置气凝胶复合板的节能玻璃具有较好的绝热性和透光性,适用于绿色建筑和超低能耗建筑以及近零能耗建筑的门窗、幕墙玻璃和采光屋顶等领域。

Description

一种内置气凝胶复合板的节能玻璃及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及玻璃制备技术领域,特别涉及一种内置气凝胶复合板的节能玻璃及其制备方法。
背景技术
玻璃是一种透明度、强度及硬度都很高,不透气的物料,玻璃在日常环境中呈化学惰性,亦不会与生物起作用,故此,用途非常广泛。现有技术中用于建筑物的玻璃,主要是用来封闭、采光。但在寒冷地区的冬季,玻璃的保温效果并不理想,而在夏热冬冷地区或夏热冬暖地区的夏季,玻璃的隔热效果也不理想。随着我国经济的高速发展,人们对生活质量的要求越来越高,建筑门窗、玻璃幕墙越来越大,导致通过门窗、玻璃幕墙的热量交换在建筑与外部热量交换中的比重越来越大。为了减少通过玻璃门窗幕墙的热量交换,近年来国内外开发了不少隔热保温玻璃,按结构分主要有三种:(1)由两层或多层普通玻璃组成的中空玻璃;(2)由镀有低辐射膜玻璃构成的中空玻璃;(3)由双层玻璃中间抽成负压组成的真空玻璃。热反射镀膜玻璃和低辐射镀膜玻璃在夏季可以最大限度的阻止太阳光进入室内,并最大限度阻挡来自室外的远红外辐射。但在需要取暖的冬季,阻隔室外热能进入室内显然不合时宜,而且影响可见光的透过率。真空玻璃以其优异的保温性能以及薄、轻等特性,是理想的节能玻璃之一,但是因其真空腔体内部须设置金属支撑体的缘故,导致局部应力集中,在外力作用下易破碎,产生安全隐患。因此,亟待开发安全性高的新型节能玻璃。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是:提供一种安全型内置气凝胶复合板的节能玻璃及其制备方法,该制备方法生产出的节能玻璃不但具有较好的隔热保温性能和透光性,而且还具有优异的安全性能,可以广泛适用于绿色建筑和超低能耗绿色建筑以及近零能耗绿色建筑的门窗、幕墙玻璃和采光屋顶等领域。
本发明的解决方案是:在中空玻璃内腔中,内置由本身具有优异的隔热保温性能和透光性的气凝胶与玻璃或树脂粘结剂复合得到的气凝胶复合板,一方面既可进一步提高中空玻璃的隔热保温性能,另一方面由于采用了气凝胶复合板作为夹心层,又可获得良好的安全性能和隔声降噪以及吸能特性,从而显著提高中空玻璃的节能效果。
本发明的解决方案是这样实现的:一种内置气凝胶复合板的节能玻璃的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)布置气凝胶,将气凝胶复合板放置于透明板上;
(2)布置密封件,将密封件放置于气凝胶复合板四周边缘的透明板上;
(3)合片,将另一片透明板放置于步骤(2)中的预组合体上;
(4)熔封,将步骤(3)得到的组合体加热至密封件熔化密封。
如此,通过上述步骤,可得到一种由至少两块透明板作为壳体、具有密封空腔且空腔内设置有气凝胶复合板的节能玻璃。这种节能玻璃因为其中设置的气凝胶复合板是以透明气凝胶为功能组元,由于气凝胶本身纤细的纳米网络结构有效地限制了局域热激发的传播,具有极低的固体热传导能力;纳米微孔结构又抑制了气体分子对热传导的贡献作用,导致对流热传导能力被大大降低;硅基气凝胶的折射率接近l,而且对红外和可见光的湮灭系数之比达100以上,能有效地透过太阳光,并阻止环境温度的红外热辐射,因此,采用上述方法制得的节能玻璃因为内置了气凝胶复合板具有良好的隔热保温性能。此外,由于气凝胶具有较好的抗压缩变形特性,还可有效地吸收玻璃受到的外部冲击能和减缓玻璃扩展裂纹尖部的应力集中问题,可使玻璃获得良好的安全性能,是一种安全型的超节能玻璃。
本发明的另一技术方案在于在上述基础之上,所述步骤(1)之前还包括在气凝胶复合板表面上预先铺设热塑性树脂膜。如此,经过热压可将气凝胶复合板与两片透明板通过热塑性树脂膜进行粘合,进一步提高玻璃的安全性能。
本发明的另一技术方案在于在上述基础之上,所述透明板为透明树脂板或玻璃。
本发明的另一技术方案在于在上述基础之上,所述透明板中的所述透明树脂板可以为聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚甲醛、聚碳酸酯、聚酰胺、丙烯酸类树脂中的一种,根据性能需要确定。
本发明的另一技术方案在于在上述基础之上,所述密封件为热塑性树脂片。如此,热塑性树脂片经过热压软化后可紧密粘结两片透明板,冷却硬化后实现对玻璃空腔的密封。
本发明的另一技术方案在于在上述基础之上,所述气凝胶复合板包括气凝胶/玻璃复合板和气凝胶/树脂复合板中的一种。如此,采用气凝胶与玻璃或树脂复合技术,由质轻、本身具有优异的隔热保温性能、隔声降噪性能、吸能特性的透明气凝胶作为功能组元,用玻璃或树脂作粘结相,制造出的气凝胶与玻璃或树脂的复合板,兼具气凝胶的优异特性和玻璃或树脂的良好力学性能。
本发明的另一技术方案在于在上述基础之上,所述气凝胶复合板中的所述气凝胶/玻璃复合板的制备方法为:
(1)混合,将玻璃粉体与气凝胶混合均匀;
(2)熔化,将步骤(1)得到的混合料中的玻璃粉体加热至熔化,得到半固态的混合玻璃熔液;
(3)成型,将步骤(2)得到的混合玻璃熔液倒入模具中,冷却凝固。
如此,通过上述步骤,可得到一种由气凝胶和玻璃粘结相构成的具有隔热保温性能的气凝胶/玻璃复合板。
本发明的另一技术方案在于在上述基础之上,所述气凝胶复合板中的所述气凝胶/树脂复合板的制备方法为:
(1)混合,将气凝胶与树脂粉末混合均匀;
(2)铺料,在模具基板上铺一层步骤(1)得到的混合料;
(3)熔化,用激光器以步进扫描方式将步骤(2)得到的混合料中的树脂粉末快速加热至熔化;
(4)交替铺料与熔化,在前一沉积层上交替重复进行步骤(2)和步骤(3),固化。
如此,通过上述混料、铺料、激光器加热等步骤,可得到一种由气凝胶和树脂粘结相构成的具有隔热保温性能的气凝胶/树脂复合板。
本发明的另一技术方案,一种内置气凝胶复合板的节能玻璃,由两片透明板、密封件和气凝胶复合板构成,所述两片透明板与所述密封件构成一个密封空腔,所述密封空腔内夹填气凝胶复合板。
附图说明
构成本发明的一部分的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明的不当限定。
图1—图2为本发明实施例涉及的一种内置气凝胶复合板的节能玻璃的结构剖面图。
其中:
1—透明板;2—气凝胶复合板;21—热塑性树脂膜;3—密封件。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明进行详细描述,本部分的描述仅是示范性和解释性,不应对本发明的保护范围有任何的限制作用。此外,本领域技术人员根据本文件的描述,可以对本文件中实施例中以及不同实施例中的特征进行相应组合。
本发明实施例如下,一种内置气凝胶复合板的节能玻璃的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将气凝胶复合板2放置于透明板1的中心表面上;
(2)将密封件3放置于紧靠气凝胶复合板2四周边缘的透明板上;
(3)将另一片透明板1平行放置于步骤(2)得到的预组合体上;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的组合体加热至密封件熔化密封。
如此,通过上述步骤,可得到一种由至少两块透明板1作为壳体、具有密封空腔且空腔内设置有气凝胶复合板2的节能玻璃,如图1所示。这种节能玻璃因为其中设置的气凝胶复合板2是以透明气凝胶为功能组元,由于气凝胶本身纤细的纳米网络结构有效地限制了局域热激发的传播,具有极低的固体热传导能力;纳米微孔结构又抑制了气体分子对热传导的贡献作用,导致对流热传导能力被大大降低;硅基气凝胶的折射率接近l,而且对红外和可见光的湮灭系数之比达100以上,能有效地透过太阳光,并阻止环境温度的红外热辐射,因此,采用上述方法制得的节能玻璃因为内置了气凝胶复合板具有良好的隔热保温性能。此外,由于气凝胶具有较好的抗压缩变形特性,还可有效地吸收玻璃受到的外部冲击能和减缓玻璃扩展裂纹尖部的应力集中问题,可使玻璃获得良好的安全性能,是一种安全型的超节能玻璃。
在上述实施例的基础上,本发明另一实施例中,所述步骤(1)之前还包括在气凝胶复合板2表面上预先铺设热塑性树脂膜21。如此,经过热压可将气凝胶复合板2与两片透明板1通过热塑性树脂膜21进行粘合,进一步提高玻璃的安全性能。
在上述实施例的基础上,本发明另一实施例中,所述透明板1为透明树脂板或玻璃。
在上述实施例的基础上,本发明另一实施例中,所述透明板中的所述透明树脂板可以为聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚甲醛、聚碳酸酯、聚酰胺、丙烯酸类树脂中的一种,根据性能需要确定。
在上述实施例的基础上,本发明另一实施例中,所述密封件3为热塑性树脂片。如此,热塑性树脂片经过热压软化后可紧密粘结两片透明板,冷却硬化后实现对玻璃空腔的密封。
在上述实施例的基础上,本发明另一实施例中,所述气凝胶复合板2包括气凝胶/玻璃复合板和气凝胶/树脂复合板中的一种。如此,采用气凝胶与玻璃或树脂复合技术,由质轻、本身具有优异的隔热保温性能、隔声降噪性能、吸能特性的透明气凝胶作为功能组元,用玻璃或树脂作粘结相,制造出的气凝胶与玻璃或树脂的复合板,兼具气凝胶的优异特性和玻璃或树脂的良好力学性能。
在上述实施例的基础上,本发明另一实施例中,所述气凝胶复合板中的所述气凝胶/玻璃复合板的制备方法为:
(1)混合,将玻璃粉体与气凝胶混合均匀;
(2)熔化,将步骤(1)得到的混合料中的玻璃粉体加热至熔化,得到半固态的混合玻璃熔液;
(3)成型,将步骤(2)得到的混合玻璃熔液倒入模具中,冷却凝固。
如此,通过上述步骤,可得到一种由气凝胶和玻璃粘结相构成的具有隔热保温性能的气凝胶/玻璃复合板。其中,所述制备方法中的步骤(2)可以为铺料,即将所述步骤(1)得到的混合料置于模具中;然后步骤(3)为熔料,即将混合料中的玻璃粉体加热至熔化,得到半固态的混合玻璃熔液,冷却凝固;所述熔化步骤之后和所述成型步骤之前还包括澄清工艺;所述气凝胶与玻璃粉体的体积比为0.1-9:1;所述气凝胶具有内部疏水、表面亲水特性;所述气凝胶的形状为块状、颗粒状、粉末中的一种。
在上述实施例的基础上,本发明另一实施例中,所述气凝胶复合板中的所述气凝胶/树脂复合板的制备方法为:
(1)混合,将气凝胶与树脂粉末混合均匀;
(2)铺料,在模具基板上铺一层步骤(1)得到的混合料;
(3)熔化,用激光器以步进扫描方式将步骤(2)得到的混合料中的树脂粉末快速加热至熔化;
(4)交替铺料与熔化,在前一沉积层上交替重复进行步骤(2)和步骤(3),固化。
如此,通过上述混料、铺料、激光器加热等步骤,可得到一种由气凝胶和树脂粘结相构成的具有隔热保温性能的气凝胶/树脂复合板。其中,所述交替铺料与熔化步骤是在熔化步骤中的树脂固化前进行;所述交替铺料与熔化步骤是在熔化步骤中的树脂固化后进行;所述气凝胶与树脂粉末的体积比为0.1-9:1;所述气凝胶具有内部疏水、表面亲水特性;所述气凝胶的形状为块状、颗粒状、粉末中的一种;所述树脂为热固性树脂或热塑性树脂。
在上述实施例的基础上,本发明另一实施例中,一种内置气凝胶复合板的节能玻璃,由两片透明板1、密封件3和气凝胶复合板2构成,所述两片透明板1与所述密封件3构成一个密封空腔,所述密封空腔内夹填气凝胶复合板2,结构如图1所示。
在上述实施例的基础上,本发明另一实施例中,一种内置气凝胶复合板的节能玻璃采用以下步骤制备:
(1)制作气凝胶/玻璃复合板2,其制备方法如下:(a)将玻璃粉体与气凝胶均匀混合;(b)将混合料中的玻璃粉体加热至熔化,得到半固态的混合玻璃熔液;(c)将得到的混合熔液倒入模具中,冷却凝固,即得气凝胶/玻璃复合板2;
(2)在一片透明聚碳酸酯板1的中心表面上预先铺一层热塑性树脂膜21,再在所铺设的热塑性树脂膜21上放置相应尺寸的气凝胶/玻璃复合板2,然后在气凝胶/玻璃复合板2上铺一层热塑性树脂膜21;
(3)将密封件3放置于紧靠气凝胶/玻璃复合板2四周边缘的透明聚碳酸酯板表面上;
(4)将另一片透明聚碳酸酯板1平行放置于步骤(3)得到的预组合体上;
(5)将步骤(4)得到的组合体加热至密封件熔化密封,得到内置气凝胶复合板的节能玻璃。
通过上述步骤得到的内置气凝胶复合板的节能玻璃的结构剖面图如图2所示。
在上述实施例的基础上,本发明另一实施例中,一种内置气凝胶复合板的节能玻璃采用以下步骤制备:
(1)制作气凝胶/玻璃复合板2,其制备方法如下:(a)将玻璃粉体与气凝胶均匀混合;(b)将混合料中的玻璃粉体加热至熔化,得到半固态的混合玻璃熔液;(c)将得到的混合熔液倒入模具中,冷却凝固,即得气凝胶/玻璃复合板2;
(2)在一片玻璃1的中心表面上预先铺一层热塑性树脂膜21,再在所铺设的热塑性树脂膜21上放置相应尺寸的气凝胶/玻璃复合板2,然后在气凝胶/玻璃复合板2上铺一层热塑性树脂膜21;
(3)将热塑性树脂片3放置于紧靠气凝胶/玻璃复合板2四周边缘的玻璃表面上;
(4)将另一片玻璃1平行放置于步骤(3)得到的预组合体上;
(5)将步骤(4)得到的组合体加热至热塑性树脂片熔化密封,得到内置气凝胶复合板的节能玻璃。
通过上述步骤得到的内置气凝胶复合板的节能玻璃的结构剖面图如图2所示。
在上述实施例的基础上,本发明另一实施例中,一种内置气凝胶复合板的节能玻璃采用以下步骤制备:
(1)制作气凝胶/树脂复合板2,其制备方法如下:(a)将气凝胶与树脂粉末混合均匀;(b)在模具基板上铺一层混合料;(c)用激光器以步进扫描方式将铺好的混合料中的树脂粉末快速加热至熔化;(d)按照所输入的气凝胶复合板的形状,在前一沉积层上交替重复进行步骤(b)和步骤(c),固化,即得气凝胶/树脂复合板2;
(2)在一片透明聚氯乙烯板1的中心表面上放置相应尺寸的气凝胶/树脂复合板2;
(3)将热塑性树脂片3放置于紧靠气凝胶/树脂复合板2四周边缘的透明聚氯乙烯板1表面上;
(4)将另一片透明聚氯乙烯板1平行放置于步骤(3)得到的预组合体上;
(5)将步骤(4)得到的组合体加热至热塑性树脂片3熔化密封,得到内置气凝胶复合板的节能玻璃。
通过上述步骤得到的内置气凝胶复合板的节能玻璃的结构剖面图如图1所示。
在上述实施例的基础上,本发明另一实施例中,一种内置气凝胶复合板的节能玻璃采用以下步骤制备:
(1)制作气凝胶/树脂复合板2,其制备方法如下:(a)将气凝胶与树脂粉末混合均匀;(b)在模具基板上铺一层混合料;(c)用激光器以步进扫描方式将铺好的混合料中的树脂粉末快速加热至熔化;(d)按照所输入的气凝胶复合板的形状,在前一沉积层上交替重复进行步骤(b)和步骤(c),固化,即得气凝胶/树脂复合板2;
(2)在一片玻璃1的中心表面上预先铺一层热塑性树脂膜21,再在所铺设的热塑性树脂膜21上放置相应尺寸的气凝胶/树脂复合板2,然后在气凝胶/树脂复合板2上铺一层热塑性树脂膜21;
(3)将热塑性树脂片3放置于紧靠气凝胶/树脂复合板2四周边缘的玻璃1表面上;
(4)将另一片玻璃1平行放置于步骤(3)得到的预组合体上;
(5)将步骤(4)得到的组合体加热至热塑性树脂片3熔化密封,得到内置气凝胶复合板的节能玻璃。
通过上述步骤得到的内置气凝胶复合板的节能玻璃的结构剖面图如图1所示。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (2)

1.一种内置气凝胶复合板的节能玻璃的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)气凝胶复合板表面上预先铺设热塑性树脂膜;
(2)布置气凝胶,将气凝胶复合板放置于透明板上;所述透明板为透明树脂板;
(3)布置密封件,将密封件放置于气凝胶复合板四周边缘的透明板上;所述密封件为热塑性树脂片;
(4)合片,将另一片透明板放置于步骤(3)中的预组合体上;
(5)熔封,将步骤(4)得到的组合体加热至密封件熔化密封;
所述气凝胶复合板为气凝胶-玻璃复合板;
所述气凝胶-玻璃复合板的制备方法为:
(a)混料,将玻璃粉体与气凝胶混合均匀;
(b)熔化,将步骤(a)得到的混合料中的玻璃粉体加热至熔化,得到半固态的混合玻璃熔液;
(c)成型,将步骤(b)得到的混合玻璃熔液浇注于模具中,冷却凝固。
2.根据权利要求1所述的内置气凝胶复合板的节能玻璃的制备方法,其特征在于,所述透明树脂板为聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚甲醛,聚碳酸酯,聚酰胺、丙烯酸类树脂中的一种。
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