CN108614090A - Simulate the experimental rig that gas hydrate dissociation induces seabed slope instability - Google Patents
Simulate the experimental rig that gas hydrate dissociation induces seabed slope instability Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses the experimental rigs that simulation gas hydrate dissociation release induces seabed slope instability, are related to a kind of geotechnical engineering centrifugal model test device.Model casing includes glass capsulation case, temperature control system, control pressurer system, Volume Loss simulation system, camera system and data acquisition components, wherein glass capsulation case has and can open and movable sealing upper cover, upper cover is pressurizeed by hydraulic system water supply, for simulating different hydraulic pressure, seabed side slope model is filled in model casing；Temperature-controlling module includes heater, thermometer and temperature-control circuit；Aerating system includes gas tank and airway；Data acquisition components include graduated scale, pore pressure gauge and diaphragm pressure sensor；Volume Loss simulation system includes lifting platform and lifting speed control system under slight slope.The present invention can induce seabed slope instability by controlling hydraulic pressure and the release of temperature simulation gas hydrate dissociation, have the characteristics that easy to operate, simple structure, control are accurate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of geotechnical engineering centrifugal model test devices, cause more particularly, to gas hydrate dissociation
The model casing of pore pressure and the seabed slope instability of soil pressure variation.
Background technology
Gas hydrates are the ice-like crystal for including cage type hole that natural gas is formed under the conditions of high pressure low temperature with water,
It is a kind of metastable state substance.The main occurrence condition of gas hydrates is the bottom sediment and land permafrost of profundal zone
Area finds huge natural gas hydrate resources reserves in ocean and tundra in recent years.Gas hydrates have clean, energy
Metric density is high, stock number is huge, buries the features such as shallow, widely distributed, is most promised to be with the new of commercial exploitation prospects
The energy.
While bringing welfare to the mankind, the high risk of exploitation also carries environment for human survival gas hydrates
Severe challenge is gone out.The main preservation of gas hydrates is in the bottom sediment and land permafrost band of profundal zone, preservation
Condition is extremely fragile sensitive.Maximum difficult point during exploitation of gas hydrates is reservoir stability problem.Natural gas is hydrated
The stability region of object depends on temperature and pressure condition, temperature caused by by environmental change and artificial engineering activity or pressure it is light
Microvariations is likely to that decomposition of hydrate, gas hydrate dissociation is made to will produce a large amount of water and gas, lead to pore pressure
Rapid to rise, excessively high pore pressure can reduce sediment strength and bearing capacity to the utmost so that gas hydrates
Reservoir softening is even liquefied, to influence the stability of bottom sediment.
Therefore, influence of the understanding gas hydrate dissociation to submarine landslide, understands the mechanical characteristic of gas hydrates,
Correctly evaluation and effectively control are carried out to risk existing for hydrate deposit and the influence to seafloor structure, to seabed
Exploitation of gas hydrates and hydrate reservoir oil exploration, exploitation and transport nearby and seabed engineering Facilities Construction all have
It is significant.
Invention content
In order to overcome the shortcomings of in background technology, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of simulation gas hydrate dissociations to lure
Send out the centrifugal model device of seabed slope instability.
To achieve the above object, the technical scheme is that：
A kind of simulation gas hydrate dissociation induces the experimental rig of seabed slope instability, including model casing (1), glass
Seal box (13), temperature control system, control pressurer system, Volume Loss simulation system, aerating system and data acquisition components；
It is open glass window on front side of the model casing (1), it is internal for observation model case (1)；The glass capsulation case
(13), temperature control system, control pressurer system, Volume Loss simulation system, aerating system and data acquisition components are set to
Model casing (1) is internal；
The glass capsulation case (13) is open-topped tubbiness, and openable upper cover is equipped in glass capsulation case (13)
(25), the upper cover (25) forms airtight chamber with glass capsulation case (13) and is used to form closed test space；
There are simulation slight slope (16) and water, simulation slight slope (16) setting to be used in airtight chamber bottom in the airtight chamber
In simulated sea bottom side slope；
The temperature control system is used for for controlling the indoor temperature of closed chamber, the hydraulic control system in closed chamber
The different pressures of indoor formation, the Volume Loss simulation system are described logical for simulating in the gap that bottom leaves in exploitation
Gas system is used to simulate the gas of gas hydrate dissociation generation, and the data collecting system is for acquiring test data.
The control pressurer system includes pressure unit group, upper cover (25), hydraulic gage (9) and pressure control circuit；
Pressure unit group cooperatively forms piston cylinder structure with upper cover (25), glass capsulation case, wherein upper cover (25) sliding connects
It is connected in glass capsulation case (13) for adjusting the indoor pressure size of closed chamber；Pressure unit group is fixed for upper cover (25)
Upper cover (25) is driven to slide up and down；The pressure unit group is made of multiple pressure units (6), and the pressure unit (6) is equal
It is even to be arranged on the upside of upper cover (25) for making upper cover (25) uniform force；The hydraulic gage (9) is placed in water for detecting hydraulic pressure,
The pressure control circuit connect the data for receiving processing hydraulic gage (9) with hydraulic gage (9), and passes through pressure unit group
The working condition of controllable switch control pressure unit group is to change hydraulic pressure.
The temperature control system includes heater (7), thermometer (8) and temperature-control circuit (18)；
The heater (7) is located in sealed chamber for being heated for water and simulation slight slope (16), and the thermometer (8) sets
For measuring water and simulating the temperature of slight slope (16) in sealed chamber；
Work of the temperature-control circuit (18) and temperature-controllable the switch connection for controlling heater (7) and stop with
It adjusts water and simulates the temperature of slight slope (16).
The aerating system includes gas tank (4) and airway (20),
The gas tank (4) is placed in the gas for providing different burst sizes and speed in model casing (1), airway (20)
Input terminal is connected to gas tank (4), and the bottom that the output end of airway (20) is arranged in simulation slight slope (16) is used for gas tank (4)
Gas is exported from simulation slight slope (16) bottom.
The Volume Loss simulation system includes holder (21), support plate (26), lifting platform (22) and lift control system；
The support plate includes movable plate (261) and fixed plate (262), is tiltedly located at simulation slight slope (16) bottom and is used for
Support simulation slight slope (16)；
The holder (21) is fixed below fixed plate (262) and is used to support fixed plate (262)；
There are movable cavity (27), the lifting platform (22) that the movable cavity below movable plate is set below movable plate
(27), the top of lifting platform (22) is fixed for that movable plate (261) is driven to rise in movable cavity (27) with movable plate (261)
Drop, by lift control system control lifting platform (22) lift to simulate exploitation after or recovery process in leave in the earth formation
Gap.
The data acquisition components include graduated scale (11), pore pressure gauge (14) and earth pressure gauge (12), graduated scale
(11) it is fixed on the slope displacement for directly reading graduated scale (11) measurement, pore pressure gauge (14) and soil pressure on windowpane
Power meter (12) is placed in inside slight slope for measuring pore water pressure and soil pressure.
Further include picture shooting assembly, including LED illumination lamp (23) and video camera (24), the LED illumination lamp (23) is for shining
Simulation slight slope (16) is penetrated, the video camera (24) is used to shoot the situation of change of simulation slight slope (16).
The present invention has the following advantages：
1, hydraulic control system controls hydraulic pressure to the pressurization of sealing box cover, and the hydraulic gage inside seal box measures hydraulic pressure simultaneously
It timely feedbacks to control circuit, control circuit is again adjusted hydraulic station, reaches hydraulic pressure in quantified controlling sealed compartment.In this way may be used
Hydraulic pressure value is chosen according to actual conditions, testing program is set, so that preferably simulated sea bottom side slope is in different decomposition process and difference
Instability status under hydraulic pressure, makes experimental enviroment closer to real scene.
2, water and slope soil temperature when temperature control system can be precisely controlled experiment, to simulate different temperatures for
The influence of gas hydrate dissociation progress, and then the seabed side slope of gas hydrate dissociation induction can be simulated in seal box
Unstability situation, makes experimental enviroment closer to real scene.
3, the aerating system of gas tank and airway composition when can simulate gas hydrate dissociation the burst size of gas and
Speed, in model casing simulate gas hydrate dissociation produced by gas release conditions, make experimental enviroment closer to
Real scene.
3, graduated scale is fixed on windowpane for measuring slope displacement, and pore pressure gauge and diaphragm pressure sensor are placed in
It is used for pore water pressure and soil pressure inside slight slope, so as to the state of the soil body during monitoring test, obtains more accurate
Experimental data.
4, the device various pieces are all fixed so as to bear high gravity field action, and hydraulic station electromotor is all made of
Electric drive, connection centrifugation electromechanical source are easy to use.
5, on front side of centrifuge modelling test case it is organic glass, sealed compartment, can be very by monitoring system also using transparent material
The variation of the soil body is clearly observed, visualization is high.Experiment can completely be recorded by acquiring image information by monitoring system
The variation that the soil body occurs in the process.
6, model be provided with Volume Loss simulation system, for simulate exploitation of gas hydrates process and exploitation after
The gap left in stratum, makes experimental enviroment closer to real scene.
Description of the drawings
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiment the present invention is described in further detail：
Fig. 1 bows for model casing to structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 cuts open elevation for model casing；
Fig. 3 is the enlarged drawing that slight slope is simulated when model casing simulates Volume Loss.
In figure, 1 model casing, 2 hydraulic manifold blocks, 3 hydraulic station pump installations, 4 gas tanks, 5 hydralic hoses, 6 hydraulic cylinders, 7 heating
Device, 8 thermometers, 9 hydraulic gages, 11 graduated scales, 12 earth pressure gauges, 13 seal boxs, 14 pore pressure gauges, 15 partition boards, 16 simulations
Slight slope, 18 temperature-control circuits, 19 cover boards, 20 airways, 21 holders, 22 lifting platforms,
23LED headlamps, 24 video cameras, 25 upper covers, 26 support plates,
261 movable plates, 262 fixed plates, 27 sliding chambers.
Specific implementation mode
The experimental rig that gas hydrate dissociation induces seabed slope instability is simulated, is illustrated referring to Fig.1, including mould
Molding box 1, seal box 13, temperature control system, control pressurer system, Volume Loss simulation system, aerating system, data acquisition group
Part and model external monitoring system.1 upper opening of model casing, facilitates device various components to be assembled and debugged, before model casing 1
Side is one piece of transparent organic glass, convenient to observe the internal soil body, and model casing 1 is mounted on the hanging basket of centrifuge when experiment
It is interior.The partition board 15, seal box 13, temperature control system, hydraulic system, Volume Loss simulation system, aerating system sum number
It is placed in model casing 1 according to acquisition component.
As shown in Fig. 2, the seal box 13 is intuitively observed using open-topped high strength glass seal box 13
Internal soil body variation, glass capsulation case 13 is arranged is equipped with simulation 16 He of slight slope in the lower right corner of model casing 1, glass capsulation case 13
Openable upper cover 25, the upper cover 25 form airtight chamber with glass capsulation case 13 and are used to form closed test space.Institute
It states simulation slight slope 16 to be arranged in 13 bottom of seal box, while filling water in airtight chamber, for simulating mining environment.Model casing
Partition board 15 is equipped in 1, the partition board 15 is close to glass capsulation case 13 and is fixed with the bottom of model casing 1.
The control pressurer system uses hydraulic control system in this embodiment, as shown in Fig. 2, the hydraulic control system
Including hydraulic station pump installation 3, hydraulic manifold block 2, hydralic hose 5, hydraulic cylinder 6, hydraulic gage 9, upper cover 25, cover board 19 and relevant tube
Road.Upper cover 25 is slidably connected in glass capsulation case 13 for changing airtight chamber's size to adjust the pressure of airtight chamber.Institute
It states cover board 19 to be arranged in the top of glass capsulation case 13, the left end of cover board 19 is fixed by screws on partition board 15, cover board 19
Right end is fixed by screws on the side wall of model casing 1, is used for fixer cylinder pressure 6.The hydraulic cylinder 6 is used as pressure unit, liquid
The cylinder barrel of cylinder pressure 6 is mounted on 19 downside of cover board, and piston rod and the upper cover 25 of hydraulic cylinder 6 are fixed, for being carried for the sliding of upper cover 25
For power.
It advanced optimizes, in order to allow upper cover 25 smoothly to be slided up and down in glass capsulation case 13, the cover board
19, hydraulic cylinder 6 is provided with multigroup, is set as shown in Figure 1, being equipped with the driving being made of two groups of cover boards 19, hydraulic cylinder 6 in the present embodiment
It is standby, it is evenly provided in upper cover 25, while the power moved up and down is provided for upper cover 25.The hydraulic manifold block 2 and hydraulic pressure
Pump installation 3 of standing connects and is arranged in the left side of partition board 15, and the motor of hydraulic station pump installation 3 provides mechanical energy, hydraulic station pump installation 3
Pump oil suction from fuel tank, hydraulic oil is transferred to through hydralic hose 5 in two hydraulic cylinders 6 by hydraulic manifold block 2, each hydraulic pressure
The piston rod of cylinder 6 stretches out applies upper cover 25 downward pressure simultaneously, is realized by upper cover 25 and is pressurizeed to water.The hydraulic gage 9
Mounted on 25 lower section of upper cover, the reading of record hydraulic gage 9 can monitor the hydraulic pressure value inside seal box 13 in real time.In seal box 13
Hydraulic gage 9 measure water pressure after feed back to hydraulic control circuit, reach hydraulic pressure in quantified controlling sealed compartment.
Temperature control system includes mainly heater 7, thermometer 8, temperature-control circuit 18.The thermometer 8 is mounted on
25 lower section of upper cover is for detecting water temperature.The lower section that heater 7 is mounted on upper cover 25 is used for as the indoor simulation slight slope of closed chamber 16
It is heated with water, the temperature-control circuit 18 connect the work for controlling heater 7 with heater 7, and system is controlled by temperature
System can be precisely controlled the temperature of the water and slope soil needed for experiment, to simulate temperature for gas hydrate dissociation
Influence, and then can the release of simulation gas hydrate dissociation induces in the seal box 13 seabed slope instability.
Aerating system is made of gas tank 4 and airway 20 etc., and the gas tank 4 is located at the left end of partition board 15 for providing difference
The gas of burst size and speed, the airway 20 have multigroup, and the input terminal of airway 20 is connect with gas tank 4, airway 20
Output end be arranged in simulation slight slope 16 bottom, the burst size and speed of gas when for simulating gas hydrate dissociation,
The case where to simulate gas hydrate dissociation in model casing 1.
Such as Fig. 2, the Volume Loss simulation system includes holder 21, support plate 26, lifting platform 22 and lift control system,
The holder 21 is fixed on the bottom in seal box 13.The support plate 26 includes movable plate 261 and fixed plate 262, is fixed
Plate 262 and movable plate 261 are all tiltedly located at 16 bottom of simulation slight slope and are used to support simulation slight slope 16, the holder 21 and fixed plate
262 are fixed for supporting fixed plate 262.As shown in figure 3, there is sliding chamber 27 below movable plate 261, the lifting platform 22 is set
It sets in sliding chamber 27.The top of lifting platform 22 is fixed for driving movable plate 261 in sliding chamber 27 with movable plate 261
Lifting, so as to simulate after exploitation or recovery process in the gap that leaves in the earth formation.Lifting platform 22 declines drive activity
Plate 261 declines, to form gap below simulation slight slope 16.
As shown in Fig. 2, the data acquisition components include pore pressure gauge 14, pore pressure meter 12 and graduated scale 11, it is described
Graduated scale 11 is secured transverse to the slope displacement for directly reading the measurement of graduated scale 11 on windowpane.Pore pressure meter is using thin
Membrane pressure sensor 12, pore pressure gauge 14 and diaphragm pressure sensor 12 are embedded in inside slight slope for detecting hole respectively
The value of water pressure and soil pressure.
The outer picture shooting assembly includes LED light illumination and video camera 24, and the LED light irradiation simulation slight slope 16 is described to take the photograph
Soil deformation situation is recorded when camera 24 is operated for centrifuge.
The present invention simulates the dress that gas hydrate dissociation release induces the centrifugal model test device of seabed slope instability
It is completed by following steps with operating process：
First, gas hydrates soil is inserted seal box 13 by the soil sample prepared by a certain percentage, and inside soil body will be embedded to
Several pore pressure gauges 14 and diaphragm pressure sensor 12.The glass of washing moulding case 1 and seal box 13 makes up to good
Visibility.Ensure that 1 inside various components connection of model casing is normal, and component is fixed.
Second, the model casing 1 made is placed on the hanging basket of centrifuge and fixed using loop wheel machine, reasonable counterweight is carried out.
The power supply of hydraulic system, temperature control system, aerating system, Volume Loss simulation system is connected to the electricity of centrifuge later
Source.Open monitoring system.
Third regulates hydraulic pressure and temperature with hydraulic system and temperature control system, passes through pneumatic system according to experimental program
System regulates the amount and speed of ventilation, regulates the speed of Volume Loss simulation system decline.
4th, it is ensured that after system is normal in model casing 1, open centrifuge, centrifuge speed is constant reaches experiment for setting
Acceleration value designed by scheme, and wait for acceleration constant, under centrifuge superelevation gravity field action, unstability occurs for slight slope,
Monitoring system records the deformation for changing over time slight slope.Centrifuge out of service.
Specific implementation mode described in this specification is only a kind of mode of operation for the content of present invention, due to this hair
Bright device has preferable controllability, and those skilled in the technology concerned, which can easily modify to testing program, to be reached
Condition control under various environment, protection scope of the present invention should not be limited only to specific embodiment party described in the specification
Formula, related technical personnel should be under the jurisdiction of the guarantor of the present invention according to used equivalent technologies method on the basis of present inventive concept
Protect range.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of simulation gas hydrate dissociation induces the experimental rig of seabed slope instability, it is characterised in that：Including model
Case (1), glass capsulation case (13), temperature control system, control pressurer system, Volume Loss simulation system, aerating system sum number
According to acquisition component；
It is open glass window on front side of the model casing (1), it is internal for observation model case (1)；The glass capsulation case (13), temperature
It spends control system, control pressurer system, Volume Loss simulation system, aerating system and data acquisition components and is set to model casing
(1) internal；
The glass capsulation case (13) is open-topped tubbiness, and openable upper cover (25) is equipped in glass capsulation case (13),
The upper cover (25) forms airtight chamber with glass capsulation case (13) and is used to form closed test space；
There are simulation slight slope (16) and water, simulation slight slope (16) setting to be used for mould in airtight chamber bottom in the airtight chamber
Quasi- seabed side slope；
The temperature control system is used to control the indoor temperature of closed chamber,
The different pressures that the hydraulic control system is used to be formed in airtight chamber,
The Volume Loss simulation system is used to simulate in exploitation in the gap that bottom leaves,
The aerating system is used to simulate the gas of gas hydrate dissociation generation,
The data collecting system is for acquiring test data.
2. simulation gas hydrate dissociation according to claim 1 induces the experimental rig of seabed slope instability, special
Sign is：
The control pressurer system includes pressure unit group, upper cover (25), hydraulic gage (9) and pressure control circuit；
Pressure unit group cooperatively forms piston cylinder structure with upper cover (25), glass capsulation case, wherein upper cover (25) is slidably connected at
For adjusting the indoor pressure size of closed chamber in glass capsulation case (13)；Pressure unit group is fixed for driving with upper cover (25)
Upper cover (25) slides up and down；The pressure unit group is made of multiple pressure units (6), the uniform cloth of the pressure unit (6)
It sets on the upside of upper cover (25) for making upper cover (25) uniform force；The hydraulic gage (9) is placed in water for detecting hydraulic pressure, described
Pressure control circuit connect the data for receiving processing hydraulic gage (9) with hydraulic gage (9), and passes through the controllable of pressure unit group
The working condition of control pressure unit group is switched to change hydraulic pressure.
3. inducing seabed slope instability centrifugal model test dress according to gas hydrate dissociation release is simulated described in claim 1
It sets, it is characterised in that：
The temperature control system includes heater (7), thermometer (8) and temperature-control circuit (18)；
The heater (7) is located in sealed chamber for being heated for water and simulation slight slope (16), and the thermometer (8) is located at close
For measuring water and simulating the temperature of slight slope (16) in envelope chamber；
Work and stopping of the temperature-control circuit (18) with temperature-controllable switch connection for controlling heater (7) are to adjust
The temperature of water and simulation slight slope (16).
4. inducing seabed slope instability centrifugal model test dress according to gas hydrate dissociation release is simulated described in claim 1
It sets, it is characterised in that：
The aerating system includes gas tank (4) and airway (20),
The gas tank (4) is placed in the gas for providing different burst sizes and speed, the input of airway (20) in model casing (1)
End be connected to gas tank (4), and the output end of airway (20), which is arranged in, simulates the bottom of slight slope (16) for by the gas of gas tank (4)
It is exported from simulation slight slope (16) bottom.
5. inducing seabed slope instability centrifugal model test dress according to gas hydrate dissociation release is simulated described in claim 1
It sets, it is characterised in that：
The Volume Loss simulation system includes holder (21), support plate (26), lifting platform (22) and lift control system；
The support plate includes movable plate (261) and fixed plate (262), is tiltedly located at simulation slight slope (16) bottom and is used to support
Simulate slight slope (16)；
The holder (21) is fixed below fixed plate (262) and is used to support fixed plate (262)；
There are sliding chamber (27), lifting platform (22) to be placed in the sliding chamber (27) below movable plate, the lifting platform (22)
The movable cavity (27) being arranged below movable plate, top and the movable plate (261) of lifting platform (22) are fixed for drive activity
Plate (261) lifting in sliding chamber (27) controls lifting platform (22) by lift control system and lifts to simulate exploitation
The gap left in the earth formation afterwards or in recovery process.
6. inducing seabed slope instability centrifugal model test dress according to gas hydrate dissociation release is simulated described in claim 1
It sets, it is characterised in that：The data acquisition components include graduated scale (11), pore pressure gauge (14) and earth pressure gauge (12),
Graduated scale (11) is fixed on the slope displacement for directly reading graduated scale (11) measurement, pore pressure gauge (14) on windowpane
It is placed in inside slight slope with earth pressure gauge (12) for measuring pore water pressure and soil pressure.
7. the release of simulation gas hydrate dissociation induces seabed slope instability centrifugal model test dress according to claim 1
It sets, it is characterised in that：Further include picture shooting assembly, the picture shooting assembly includes LED illumination lamp (23) and video camera (24), described
LED illumination lamp (23) is used to shoot the variation feelings of simulation slight slope (16) for irradiating simulation slight slope (16), the video camera (24)
Condition.
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