CN108602644B

CN108602644B - Brake mechanism including a supercharger for an elevator system

Info

Publication number: CN108602644B
Application number: CN201780008790.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 托马斯·库克泽拉; 爱德华·斯坦华尔; 保罗-格奥尔格·斯坦; 迈克·奥伯特
Original assignee: ThyssenKrupp AG; ThyssenKrupp Elevator AG
Current assignee: ThyssenKrupp AG; TK Elevator Innovation and Operations GmbH
Priority date: 2016-01-29
Filing date: 2017-01-27
Publication date: 2020-09-29
Anticipated expiration: 2037-01-27
Also published as: CN108602644A; WO2017129730A1; DE102016201410A1; EP3408205A1

Abstract

A braking device (1000) for an elevator system (10), the braking device (1000) having a braking mechanism (300) and an actuating mechanism (200), the braking mechanism (300) for decelerating movement of a car (20) of the elevator system, the actuating mechanism (200) being designed to provide a first force for actuating or releasing the braking mechanism (300), the actuating mechanism (200) having a pneumatic hydraulic booster (100), the pneumatic hydraulic booster (100) for converting pneumatic pressure into hydraulic pressure to provide the first force.

Description

Brake mechanism including a supercharger for an elevator system

Technical Field

The invention relates to a braking device for an elevator system, an elevator car with such a braking device and a method for operating a braking device of an elevator system.

Background

In elevator systems, as a service brake for decelerating the movement of the elevator car, the braking device can be arranged e.g. on the drive or on the drive pulley. However, in a multi-car system where several cars move in a hoistway, braking devices are arranged directly on the cars to decelerate the cars individually and independently of each other.

However, the braking device mounted or loaded on the car inevitably utilizes a substantially higher braking force that is difficult to generate, as compared to the drive brake or the drive pulley brake.

Disclosure of Invention

According to the invention, a braking device for an elevator system, an elevator car with such a braking device and a method for operating a braking device for an elevator system are proposed, which have the features of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments are the subject matter of the following dependent claims and the description.

In the context of the present invention, a braking device for an elevator system is presented, in which a (particularly high) first force is provided for actuating or releasing a braking mechanism, which is provided for decelerating the movement of a car of the elevator system, by using a pneumatic-hydraulic converter.

In fact, the hydraulic system can also be used to apply a high braking force by which the braking mechanism can be actuated or released, however, it has the disadvantage that the high-pressure hydraulic components (e.g. in particular pumps and valves) are very large and heavy, in particular the valves for blocking or releasing the pressurized fluid have a high energy consumption.

In contrast, the invention proposes to use a pneumatic-hydraulic converter so that the primary pressure can be generated pneumatically, which allows the use of significantly smaller and lighter compressors or pumps and valves. Since the braking device must be loaded with the car, a weight saving is particularly advantageous in the case of an advantageous arrangement on the car.

A further advantage is that instead of a hydraulic valve, a pneumatic valve can be used, which is also smaller and has a lower energy consumption. For example, a pneumatic valve of about 1/25 with a power requirement of a comparable hydraulic valve may be used. Due to safety requirements in elevator systems several redundant valves have to be used, which results in a significant energy saving. The same applies to weight.

Preferably, the braking device is used as a service brake arranged on the car, especially in multi-car elevator systems. Here savings in weight, space and energy consumption are particularly beneficial.

As described, the first force may actuate the braking mechanism or release the braking mechanism against the pretension using fail-safe principles. Preferably, the first force is used to release the brake mechanism against a second force, wherein the second force is provided by the pretensioning device and acts on the first force. In other words, the brake mechanism preferably operates on the basis of a fail-safe principle, wherein the braking force is set by the pretensioning device (in particular a spring) as the second force and the release force is set as the first force. Since very high forces (approximately twice the actuating force) are required here, the use of the brake device according to the invention is particularly advantageous for releasing the brake mechanism; this is because, in addition to the release, a certain air gap usually needs to be formed between the brake element (typically a brake caliper or brake lining) and the guide rail. The above-described advantages of the present invention are very beneficial in situations where higher forces are provided.

A preferred pneumatic-hydraulic converter has a pneumatic chamber and a hydraulic chamber connected by a differential piston. In this way, pressure amplification can be achieved very easily by dimensioning the pneumatic piston face and the hydraulic piston face. Preferably, the size of the pneumatic piston face is at least ten times the size of the hydraulic piston face, i.e. the hydraulic pressure is at least ten times greater than the pneumatic pressure.

Advantageously, at least one pneumatic valve is arranged upstream of the pneumatic-hydraulic converter, in particular upstream of the pneumatic chamber. As described, the use of pneumatic valves provides significant advantages over hydraulic valves.

According to a preferred embodiment, a pneumatic pressure source (e.g. a pneumatic connection or a compressor) is arranged upstream of the pneumatic-hydraulic converter, preferably upstream of the at least one pneumatic valve. Thus, the compressor may be part of the brake device, but the brake device may also have only a port for a connection of a compressed air pipe, in particular such that one compressor may be used for supplying several brake devices.

Preferably, the brake device has a hydraulic pressure accumulator arranged downstream of the pneumatic-hydraulic converter, in particular downstream of the hydraulic chamber. Preferably, the hydraulic accumulator may be used to compensate for leakage in the hydraulic system.

Preferably, the hydraulic accumulator is fluidly connected to the hydraulic chamber when the differential piston is in the unactuated position. The unactuated position is in particular a position in which the differential piston is not deflected by loading with air pressure.

The hydraulic accumulator is adapted to be arranged on a pneumatic-hydraulic converter such that the fluid connection between the hydraulic accumulator and the hydraulic chamber can be interrupted by movement of the differential piston. Preferably here, the fluid connection is interrupted when the differential piston is in the activated position. The starting position is in particular the position in which the differential piston is deflected by loading with air pressure in order to actuate or release the brake mechanism. Advantageously, the separation of the hydraulic accumulator from the hydraulic chamber serves to ensure that the pressure in the hydraulic accumulator does not rise to a higher hydraulic pressure.

Due to the high reliability and high hydraulic pressure that can be provided by simple means, the braking device is also suitable for actuating the brakes, which is originally the usual functional method, instead of releasing the brakes.

Further advantages and embodiments of the invention appear from the description and the drawings.

It is to be understood that the features described above and yet to be explained below can be used not only in the combinations given, but also in other combinations or alone without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Drawings

The invention is illustrated schematically in the drawings with reference to exemplary embodiments and is described below with reference to the drawings.

Fig. 1 shows in a schematic sectional view a preferred embodiment of a pneumatic-hydraulic converter used in the context of the present invention.

Fig. 2 shows a preferred embodiment of the braking device according to the invention, in which there is no air pressure in the air-hydraulic converter.

Fig. 3 shows the brake device from fig. 2, wherein air pressure is present in the air-hydraulic converter.

Fig. 4 schematically shows a preferred embodiment of the elevator system according to the invention.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a pneumatic-hydraulic converter suitable for the invention, which is designated by the reference numeral 100, in a schematic sectional view. The pneumatic-hydraulic converter 100 has a pneumatic chamber a and a hydraulic chamber b connected by a differential piston 1. The differential piston 1 has a pneumatic piston surface c and a hydraulic piston surface d, and pressure transfer occurs according to the piston surfaces. Here, the pressure amplification is achieved because the pneumatic piston surface c is larger than the hydraulic piston surface d. Thus, the air pressure present in the air pressure chamber a is transferred to the greater hydraulic pressure present in the hydraulic pressure chamber b.

The hydraulic accumulator 3 is arranged on the hydraulic chamber b and is used to compensate for leakage of hydraulic fluid. Obviously, the fluid connection between the hydraulic accumulator 3 and the hydraulic chamber b is present or absent depending on the position of the differential piston 1. In particular, there is a fluid connection when the differential piston 1 is parked in the left (non-activated) position, and there is no fluid connection once the differential piston 1 has moved a certain length from the non-activated position into the activated position.

In practice, the hydraulic chamber b is connected to a hydraulic actuator (e.g. a movable actuator piston 2) by means of a hydraulic pipe. For greater clarity, however, the schematic view does not show the hydraulic pipe but shows the actuator piston 2 in the hydraulic chamber b. Additional pressure transfer can be achieved from the ratio of the hydraulic piston face d of the differential piston 1 to the hydraulic piston face f of the actuator piston 2, if desired. In any case, the movement e of the differential piston 1 results in a movement of the actuator piston 2, which movement of the actuator piston 2 is used to actuate or release the brake mechanism shown in fig. 2 and 3.

Fig. 2 shows a preferred embodiment of the braking device according to the invention, which is designated 1000, in a schematic sectional view.

The brake apparatus 1000 has a brake mechanism 300 and an actuating mechanism 200. The actuating mechanism 200 in turn comprises a pneumatic-hydraulic converter 100 according to fig. 1, wherein the absence of pneumatic pressure in the pneumatic-hydraulic converter is shown.

The pneumatic chamber a of the pneumatic-hydraulic converter 100 is connected to a pneumatic pressure source formed as a compressor 60 and to an outlet i (i.e., the environment) through several pneumatic valves 40. Thus, the pneumatic chamber a can be pressurized or vented by opening or closing the pneumatic valve 40. The compressed air can flow out of the air pressure chamber a in the direction i at the corresponding position of the valve.

The hydraulic chamber b is connected to the actuator piston 2 via a hydraulic tube j (here constructed as a bore of solid material), wherein the actuator piston 2 is pressed in the direction h by a retaining means formed as a spring 5.

If the pneumatic chamber a is pressurized, the differential piston 1 is caused to move to the right in the figure, wherein at the same time a very high pressure is generated in the hydraulic chamber b. The very high pressure, which is further transferred in the figure, is led to the actuator piston 2 so that it moves to the left in the figure against the second force provided by the spring 5. By coupling to the brake mechanism 300 accordingly, the elevator car brake can be switched on or off in this way.

Fig. 2 shows an inactive position in which there is a fluid connection between the high pressure accumulator 3 and the hydraulic system. In this position, fluid can flow out of the accumulator 3 into the hydraulic chamber b to compensate for leakage. Fig. 3 shows an active position in which there is no fluid connection between the high pressure accumulator 3 and the hydraulic system, and therefore no higher hydraulic pressure in the pressure accumulator 3.

Fig. 4 schematically shows an elevator system 10 with a preferred embodiment of a car 20 according to the invention, on which elevator system 10 a preferred embodiment of a braking device 1000 according to the invention is arranged. Elevator system 10 is configured as a multi-car elevator system having a plurality of cars 20.

The braking mechanism 300 of the braking device 1000 has two

braking elements

310 and 320 between which the guide rails 30 of the elevator system 10 can be clamped to decelerate the movement of the car 20.

In the embodiment shown, the brake is constructed according to a fail-safe principle, wherein the

braking elements

310 and 320 are closed by the second force of the spring 5. In particular, the brake is thus closed when a power failure occurs.

To open the brake, the pneumatic chamber is pressurized, in particular by compressed air, so that the differential piston 1 moves to the right in the figure, whereby the actuator piston 2 moves to the left in the figure against the second force provided by the spring 5 and the

braking elements

310 and 320 open and thereby allow the car 20 to move relative to the guide rails 30.

Claims

1. A braking device (1000) for an elevator system (10), the braking device (1000) having a braking mechanism (300) and an actuating mechanism (200), the braking mechanism (300) for decelerating movement of a car (20) of the elevator system, the actuating mechanism (200) being configured to provide a first force for actuating or releasing the braking mechanism (300), wherein the actuating mechanism (200) has a pneumatic-hydraulic converter (100), the pneumatic-hydraulic converter (100) for converting pneumatic pressure into hydraulic pressure to provide the first force, a hydraulic accumulator (3) fluidly connected to the pneumatic-hydraulic converter (100) is arranged downstream of the pneumatic-hydraulic converter (100) for compensating leakage of hydraulic fluid, the pneumatic-hydraulic converter (100) having a pneumatic chamber (a) and a hydraulic chamber (b) connected by a differential piston (1), the hydraulic accumulator (3) is fluidly connected to the hydraulic chamber (b), wherein the fluid connection can be interrupted by a movement of the differential piston (1).

2. The braking device (1000) according to claim 1, wherein the size of the pneumatic piston face (c) of the differential piston (1) is at least ten times the size of the hydraulic piston face (d) of the differential piston (1).

3. The brake arrangement (1000) according to any of claims 1-2, having at least one pneumatic valve (40) arranged upstream of the pneumatic-hydraulic converter (100).

4. The braking device (1000) according to any of claims 1-2, having an air pressure source (60) arranged upstream of the air-hydraulic converter (100).

5. The brake arrangement (1000) according to claim 1, the fluid connection of the hydraulic accumulator (3) to the hydraulic chamber (b) being interrupted when the differential piston (1) is in an activated position.

6. The braking device (1000) according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the fluid connection of the hydraulic accumulator (3) to the hydraulic chamber (b) is present when the differential piston (1) is in an inactive position.

7. The brake apparatus (1000) according to claim 1, having a pretensioning device (5) for providing a second force opposing the first force.

8. An elevator car (20) having a braking device (1000) according to any of the preceding claims.

9. Method for operating a braking device of an elevator system (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, having a braking mechanism (300) for decelerating movement of a car (20) of the elevator system, wherein air pressure is generated and converted into hydraulic pressure to provide a first force for actuating or releasing the braking mechanism (300).

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the braking mechanism is actuated by the first force.