CN108601019B - Safe transmission method of untrusted relay bidirectional transmission network based on relay selection - Google Patents

Safe transmission method of untrusted relay bidirectional transmission network based on relay selection Download PDF

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CN108601019B
CN108601019B CN201810280633.0A CN201810280633A CN108601019B CN 108601019 B CN108601019 B CN 108601019B CN 201810280633 A CN201810280633 A CN 201810280633A CN 108601019 B CN108601019 B CN 108601019B
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relay
transmission
rate
user
signal
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CN108601019A (en
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姚如贵
徐娟
左晓亚
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Northwestern Polytechnical University
Shenzhen Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University
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Shenzhen Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
    • H04B7/0842—Weighted combining
    • H04B7/086—Weighted combining using weights depending on external parameters, e.g. direction of arrival [DOA], predetermined weights or beamforming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
    • H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
    • H04W40/22—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing using selective relaying for reaching a BTS [Base Transceiver Station] or an access point

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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  • Radio Relay Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a safe transmission method of an untrusted relay two-way transmission network based on relay selection, which considers both performance and complexity, selects the untrusted relay with the best performance in an application scene of multiple antennas and multiple untrusted relays, and adopts two-way beam forming to ensure that the unselected relays cannot receive useful signals, thereby improving the reliable and safe transmission performance of the system. On the basis of reducing complexity, the invention has a relay selection scheme which is close to the relay selection scheme with the maximum sum rate in performance.

Description

Safe transmission method of untrusted relay bidirectional transmission network based on relay selection
Technical Field
The invention relates to an information transmission method in a bidirectional transmission relay network.
Background
In recent years, due to the openness of wireless communication, wireless signals are easily intercepted, tampered and interfered, so that a great threat is brought to the secure communication of users, and the security problem of wireless networks is receiving more and more attention. Unlike conventional encryption mechanisms, Physical-Layer Security (Physical-Layer Security) has the advantages of lower computational complexity and saving time and spectrum resources. As the reliability and security of wireless communication are more and more improved, the physical layer security has been widely regarded in theoretical research and practical application.
With the development of physical layer security and cooperative relaying technologies, introducing cooperative relaying into a physical layer security model has attracted more and more attention. In a multi-relay network, most of all relay nodes are used to participate in cooperative transmission, which has the disadvantages that relays with severe channel conditions still occupy system resources, the improvement on system performance is very limited, and even the performance of the system is reduced due to interference management failure. Therefore, how to select the relay is also a concern. Further considering that the relay node itself is not trusted, it becomes more complicated how to design an efficient reliable and secure transmission scheme. Therefore, for the application scenarios of multiple antennas and multiple untrusted relays, the design of the selection scheme based on the untrusted relays is developed, and the method has important significance for improving the reliable and safe transmission performance of the system.
Document 1, "Yan S, Peng M, Wang W, et al, relay selection-selection for secure cooperative in amplification-And-Forward networks [ C ]. international conference on communications,2012: 581-" studies a relay selection strategy based on security capacity maximization And analyzes reachable security capacity And security outage probability for the presence of a single eavesdropping node trusted relay unidirectional transmission network.
Document 2 "Ibrahim D H, Hassan E S, eldoli S a, et al. a New Relay and Jammer Selection Schemes for Secure One-Way Cooperative Networks J. Wireless Personal Communications,2014,75(1): 665-.
Document 3 "Wang W, Teh K C, Li K H, et al. relay Selection for Secure successful AF relay Networks With unknown Nodes [ J ]. IEEE Transactions on Information relays and Security,2016,11(11): 2466-.
Document 4 "b.zhong and z.zhang.secure Full-Duplex Two-Way Relay With Optimal Relay Selection [ J ]. IEEE Communications routers, 2017,21(5): 1123-.
Document 5 "Krikidis I, Suraweera H a, Smith P J, et al, full-Duplex Relay Selection for amplification-and-Forward Cooperative Networks [ J ]. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications,2012,11(12):4381 and 4393." for the problem of trusted Relay Selection in full-Duplex, Amplify-and-Forward Cooperative Communications, partial Relay Selection is proposed, relays are selected based on the channel quality from Relay to destination and the overhead is reduced.
The existing research on physical layer secure multi-relay is carried out on relay selection of a cooperative trusted relay network with unidirectional transmission (such as documents 1 and 2), an untrusted relay network with unidirectional transmission (such as document 3) or a bidirectional transmission trusted relay network with external eavesdropping nodes (such as documents 4 and 5), and the problem of untrusted relay selection in the bidirectional transmission relay network is not involved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a relay selection scheme (marked as max-min LB) of the lower bound of the maximum minimum one-way transmission safety rate, which considers both performance and complexity, selects the unreliable relay with the best performance in the application scene of multiple antennas and multiple unreliable relays, and adopts two-way beam forming to ensure that the unselected relays can not receive useful signals, thereby improving the reliable and safe transmission performance of the system.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem comprises the following steps:
(1) introduction of non-trusted relaying into a two-way transmission relay network, the model studied being one comprising two users
Figure BDA0001609142530000021
And N untrusted amplify-and-forward relay nodes
Figure BDA0001609142530000022
Each user is provided with NtRoot antenna, only one antenna per relay, Nt≥N，
Figure BDA0001609142530000023
And
Figure BDA0001609142530000024
there is no direct communication link between them;
definition of
Figure BDA0001609142530000025
And
Figure BDA0001609142530000026
respectively, is PAAnd PB(ii) a From
Figure BDA00016091425300000218
To
Figure BDA0001609142530000027
And from
Figure BDA0001609142530000028
To
Figure BDA0001609142530000029
Respectively of the fading channel coefficients
Figure BDA00016091425300000210
And
Figure BDA00016091425300000211
assume that all nodes are operating in half-duplex mode and that all nodes receive noise with a mean of 0 and a variance of 0
Figure BDA00016091425300000212
Additive complex gaussian noise of (1); define from
Figure BDA00016091425300000213
To
Figure BDA00016091425300000214
Normalized received signal-to-noise ratio of
Figure BDA00016091425300000215
From
Figure BDA00016091425300000216
To
Figure BDA00016091425300000217
Normalized received signal-to-noise ratio of
Figure BDA0001609142530000031
Then optimally select the relay
Figure BDA0001609142530000032
(2) In the first time slot of the transmission of the information,
Figure BDA00016091425300000340
precoding vector wACoded signal xAIs sent to
Figure BDA0001609142530000033
At the same time
Figure BDA0001609142530000034
Precoding vector wBCoded signal xBIs sent to
Figure BDA0001609142530000035
xAAnd xBThe signals are mutually interference signals, and the signals are mutually interfered,
Figure BDA0001609142530000036
and
Figure BDA0001609142530000037
respectively represent
Figure BDA0001609142530000038
And
Figure BDA0001609142530000039
the useful signal that is transmitted,
Figure BDA00016091425300000310
and
Figure BDA00016091425300000311
respectively represent
Figure BDA00016091425300000341
And
Figure BDA00016091425300000342
sending a precoding vector, sAAnd sBRespectively represent
Figure BDA00016091425300000312
And
Figure BDA00016091425300000313
useful data symbols transmitted and satisfy
Figure BDA00016091425300000314
At the selected relay
Figure BDA00016091425300000315
Where the received signal is represented as
Figure BDA00016091425300000316
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA00016091425300000317
Figure BDA00016091425300000318
Figure BDA00016091425300000319
represents from
Figure BDA00016091425300000320
To
Figure BDA00016091425300000321
Channel matrices of all other relays except the relay;
Figure BDA00016091425300000322
represents from
Figure BDA00016091425300000323
To
Figure BDA00016091425300000324
Channel matrices of all other relays except the relay;
thus, relaying
Figure BDA00016091425300000325
To receive the user
Figure BDA00016091425300000326
Rate of
Figure BDA00016091425300000327
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA00016091425300000328
is formed by
Figure BDA00016091425300000329
For the user
Figure BDA00016091425300000330
Interference generated by the transmission;
in the same way, relaying
Figure BDA00016091425300000331
To receive the user
Figure BDA00016091425300000332
Rate of
Figure BDA00016091425300000333
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA00016091425300000334
is formed by
Figure BDA00016091425300000335
For the user
Figure BDA00016091425300000336
Interference generated by the transmission;
(3) in the second time slot of the transmission of the information,
Figure BDA00016091425300000337
at a constant gain
Figure BDA00016091425300000338
Amplifying the signal received in the last time slot and then forwarding to the user
Figure BDA00016091425300000339
The method comprises the following specific steps:
Figure BDA0001609142530000041
transmitted signal
Figure BDA0001609142530000042
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0001609142530000043
power gain factor of the normalized transmitted signal
Figure BDA0001609142530000044
Figure BDA0001609142530000045
To represent
Figure BDA0001609142530000046
The transmit power of (a);
at two users
Figure BDA00016091425300000436
And
Figure BDA00016091425300000437
to receive from
Figure BDA0001609142530000047
Respectively is
Figure BDA0001609142530000048
Figure BDA0001609142530000049
Wherein n isAAnd nBAre respectively
Figure BDA00016091425300000438
And
Figure BDA00016091425300000439
has a mean value of zero and a variance of
Figure BDA00016091425300000440
Additive white gaussian noise of (1);
at the same time, other unselected relays
Figure BDA00016091425300000441
Received signal
Figure BDA00016091425300000442
Is composed of
Figure BDA00016091425300000410
Where the channel coefficients from the arrival are, during the transmission from the arrival,
Figure BDA00016091425300000416
is useful information, and is useful information in the transmission process from the beginning to the end;
Figure BDA00016091425300000418
and
Figure BDA00016091425300000419
at instantaneous rates of respectively
Figure BDA00016091425300000420
And
Figure BDA00016091425300000421
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA00016091425300000422
is from
Figure BDA00016091425300000423
To
Figure BDA00016091425300000445
Normalized received signal-to-noise ratio of (a);
Figure BDA00016091425300000424
is from
Figure BDA00016091425300000425
To
Figure BDA00016091425300000446
Normalized received signal-to-noise ratio of (a);
Figure BDA00016091425300000426
receiving user
Figure BDA00016091425300000427
And
Figure BDA00016091425300000428
respectively at rates of
Figure BDA00016091425300000429
And
Figure BDA00016091425300000430
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA00016091425300000431
is from
Figure BDA00016091425300000447
To
Figure BDA00016091425300000448
Normalized received signal-to-noise ratio of (a);
(4) is calculated from
Figure BDA00016091425300000449
To
Figure BDA00016091425300000450
Secure rate of transmission link
Figure BDA00016091425300000432
Wherein [. ]]+＝max{0，·}，
Figure BDA00016091425300000433
Is in two time slots by
Figure BDA00016091425300000451
The highest single-user decodable rate for the transmitted signal; from
Figure BDA00016091425300000452
To
Figure BDA00016091425300000453
Secure rate of transmission link
Figure BDA00016091425300000434
Wherein
Figure BDA00016091425300000435
Is formed by
Figure BDA00016091425300000454
The highest single-user decodable rate for the transmitted signal; total safe rate of bidirectional transmission relay network
Figure BDA0001609142530000051
The invention has the beneficial effects that: introducing an untrusted relay into a bidirectional transmission relay network, and researching a relay selection problem in the untrusted TWRN; and a relay selection scheme of the lower bound of the maximized minimum one-way transmission safety rate considering both reliable safety performance and complexity is provided, and compared with the relay selection scheme with the maximum sum rate, the scheme has obvious reduction in computational complexity; in addition, on the basis of reducing complexity, the scheme is close to the relay selection scheme with the maximum sum rate in performance. In summary, the invention can improve the reliability of network transmission and has important significance for improving the safe transmission performance of the system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram of a half-duplex bidirectional transmission relay network communication model;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows a graph of the target safe rate given when N is 4
Figure BDA0001609142530000052
Comparing the safe interruption probability of the three relay selection schemes under the condition of different equivalent Signal-to-Noise ratios (SNRs);
FIG. 4 is a graph of the safe rate at a given target
Figure BDA0001609142530000053
Comparing the beam forming safety interruption probabilities under different antenna configurations;
fig. 5 is a comparison of outage probability for different antenna configurations at N-4 and SNR-20 dB;
fig. 6 is a comparison of the lower bound relay selection scheme that maximizes the minimum one-way transmission security rate at different SNRs, and the average security rate of the rate-maximizing relay selection scheme and the partial relay selection scheme, when N is 4.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following drawings and examples, which include, but are not limited to, the following examples.
The invention introduces the un-trusted relay into the bidirectional transmission relay network, and provides a relay selection algorithm of the bidirectional transmission un-trusted relay network, which selects the relay before signal transmission, and uses the directional beam forming technology to effectively focus the transmitted signal to be orthogonal with all other un-selected relays, so as to prevent the un-selected relays from receiving useful information.
The system model used in the embodiment of the present invention is a bidirectional AF half-duplex relay network, the principle of which is shown in fig. 1, and the model is composed of two users (b: (b) (c))
Figure BDA0001609142530000055
And
Figure BDA0001609142530000056
) And N untrusted amplify-and-forward relay nodes
Figure BDA00016091425300000510
Composition, each user being provided with NtRoot antenna, each relay has only one antenna, and in view of effectively inhibiting useful information eavesdropping by other relay nodes, N is settIs more than or equal to N. Suppose that
Figure BDA0001609142530000058
And
Figure BDA0001609142530000059
there is no direct communication link due to too far distance between them, and only N non-optional relay nodes
Figure BDA0001609142530000061
With the help of which useful information is exchanged.
Before signal transmission, we assume that the user
Figure BDA0001609142530000062
And
Figure BDA0001609142530000063
all select the first
Figure BDA0001609142530000064
A relay
Figure BDA00016091425300000638
In the first time slot of the time slot,
Figure BDA0001609142530000066
precoding vector wACoded signal xAIs sent to
Figure BDA00016091425300000639
At the same time
Figure BDA0001609142530000068
Precoding vector wBCoded signal xBIs sent to
Figure BDA00016091425300000640
xAAnd xBAre mutually interference signals. By adopting the precoding design, the reception of other relay nodes can be inhibited
Figure BDA00016091425300000610
And
Figure BDA00016091425300000611
transmitted byA signal. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA00016091425300000612
and
Figure BDA00016091425300000613
respectively represent
Figure BDA00016091425300000614
And
Figure BDA00016091425300000615
the useful signal that is transmitted,
Figure BDA00016091425300000616
and
Figure BDA00016091425300000617
respectively represent
Figure BDA00016091425300000618
And
Figure BDA00016091425300000619
sending a precoding vector, sAAnd sBRespectively represent
Figure BDA00016091425300000620
And
Figure BDA00016091425300000621
useful data symbols transmitted and satisfy
Figure BDA00016091425300000622
. In the second time slot of the time slot,
Figure BDA00016091425300000623
with constant gain aiAmplifying the signal received in the last time slot and then forwarding to the user
Figure BDA00016091425300000641
It should be noted that other relaysNode point
Figure BDA00016091425300000626
The retransmitted signal is also received.
In the present invention, the definition
Figure BDA00016091425300000627
And
Figure BDA00016091425300000628
are respectively PAAnd PB(ii) a From
Figure BDA00016091425300000629
To
Figure BDA00016091425300000630
And from
Figure BDA00016091425300000632
To
Figure BDA00016091425300000631
Are respectively
Figure BDA00016091425300000633
And
Figure BDA00016091425300000642
and assuming that all nodes work in a half-duplex mode, and that all nodes receive noise with a mean value of 0 and a variance of 0
Figure BDA00016091425300000635
Additive complex gaussian noise.
The research flow adopted by the invention is shown in fig. 2, before signal transmission, relay selection is firstly completed, and the most suitable relay is selected. The whole signal transmission process is divided into four small steps to be carried out, 1) two users send information to the selected relay, and the step is completed in the first time slot of the information transmission process; 2) the selected relay amplifies the received information, including the signals sent by the two users in the last time slot; 3) the relay forwards the amplified signal to two users and all other unselected relays; 4) and analyzing the safety rate of each transmission link.
The invention is described in two parts: a preparation stage before information transmission and information transmission.
I preparation phase
Before information transmission, relay selection needs to be completed firstly, and in order to give consideration to reliable and safe transmission performance and complexity, the invention provides a lower-bound relay selection scheme (marked as max-min LB) which maximizes the minimum one-way transmission safe rate. The detailed process is described as follows:
from
Figure BDA00016091425300000636
To
Figure BDA00016091425300000637
The lower bound of the safe rate of the transmission link of (1) is
Figure BDA0001609142530000071
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0001609142530000072
is from
Figure BDA00016091425300000711
To
Figure BDA00016091425300000712
Normalized received signal-to-noise ratio of (a);
Figure BDA0001609142530000073
is from
Figure BDA00016091425300000713
To
Figure BDA00016091425300000714
Normalized received signal-to-noise ratio of (a);
Figure BDA0001609142530000074
is from
Figure BDA00016091425300000715
To
Figure BDA00016091425300000716
Normalized received signal-to-noise ratio of (a);
Figure BDA0001609142530000075
is from
Figure BDA00016091425300000717
To
Figure BDA00016091425300000718
Normalized received signal-to-noise ratio of (a);
Figure BDA0001609142530000076
represents from
Figure BDA00016091425300000719
To
Figure BDA00016091425300000720
The safe rate of the transmission link of (1). Using formulas
Figure BDA0001609142530000077
The expression (a1) can be obtained by assuming that the relay gain is high enough (i.e., γ)i，b> 1) obtains expression (a 2).
Also from
Figure BDA00016091425300000721
To
Figure BDA00016091425300000722
Is lower bound on the safe rate of the transmission link of
Figure BDA0001609142530000078
Can be expressed as
Figure BDA0001609142530000079
Since gamma isa，iAnd gammab，iBoth positive values, and according to equations (1) and (2), the relay selection scheme (denoted as max-min LB) that yields the lower bound of maximizing the minimum one-way transmission security rate can be expressed as
Figure BDA00016091425300000710
II information transmission
(1) First time slot
In the first time slot, in the selected relay (
Figure BDA00016091425300000724
) The received signal can be expressed as
Figure BDA00016091425300000736
For the
Figure BDA00016091425300000726
The design of (2) needs to ensure only
Figure BDA00016091425300000727
Can receive xAWhile other relays do not receive xAThereby ensuring that
Figure BDA00016091425300000728
Security of the transmission. For w in the same wayBThe design of (2) needs to ensure only
Figure BDA00016091425300000730
Can receive xBWhile other relays do not receive
Figure BDA00016091425300000735
Thereby ensuring that
Figure BDA00016091425300000732
Reliable security of transmission. Based on the fact that the ZBF technology is adopted by the construction
Figure BDA00016091425300000733
And
Figure BDA00016091425300000734
is given as a precoding vector wAAnd wBIs obtained by
Figure BDA0001609142530000081
And
Figure BDA0001609142530000082
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0001609142530000083
represents from
Figure BDA0001609142530000084
To
Figure BDA0001609142530000085
Channel matrices of all other relays except the relay;
Figure BDA0001609142530000086
represents from
Figure BDA0001609142530000087
To
Figure BDA0001609142530000088
And the channel matrix of all other relays.
In that
Figure BDA0001609142530000089
In the course of the transmission of (a) the,
Figure BDA00016091425300000810
is single user decodable, thus, relays
Figure BDA00016091425300000811
To receive the user
Figure BDA00016091425300000812
The rate of (d) can be calculated as:
Figure BDA00016091425300000813
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA00016091425300000814
is formed by
Figure BDA00016091425300000815
The interference generated by the information transmission of (2), formula prefix
Figure BDA00016091425300000816
Because a transmission requires 2 time slots to complete.
Similarly, we can get a relay node
Figure BDA00016091425300000817
To receive the user
Figure BDA00016091425300000818
The rates of (a) and (b) are:
Figure BDA00016091425300000819
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA00016091425300000820
is formed by
Figure BDA00016091425300000821
Interference generated by the transmission of information.
(2) Second stage
In the second time slot of information transmission, the operations of relay amplification forwarding, signal reception and the like are respectively completed, and the detailed process is described as follows:
1) relay amplified forwarding
In the second time slot of the time slot,
Figure BDA00016091425300000822
at a constant gain
Figure BDA00016091425300000823
Amplifying received signals
Figure BDA00016091425300000824
Thus, it is possible to provide
Figure BDA00016091425300000825
Transmitted signal
Figure BDA00016091425300000826
Is composed of
Figure BDA00016091425300000827
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA00016091425300000828
to represent
Figure BDA00016091425300000829
A power gain factor of the normalized transmission signal, and
Figure BDA0001609142530000091
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0001609142530000092
to represent
Figure BDA0001609142530000093
The transmit power of.
2) Signal reception
In the second time slot of the time slot,
Figure BDA0001609142530000094
forwarding signals to subscribers
Figure BDA0001609142530000095
But all other relay nodes
Figure BDA0001609142530000096
The retransmitted signal is also received.
At two users
Figure BDA0001609142530000097
And
Figure BDA0001609142530000098
to receive from
Figure BDA0001609142530000099
Respectively is
Figure BDA00016091425300000910
Figure BDA00016091425300000911
At the same time, other unselected relays
Figure BDA00016091425300000912
Received signal
Figure BDA00016091425300000913
Is composed of
Figure BDA00016091425300000914
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA00016091425300000915
is from
Figure BDA00016091425300000916
To
Figure BDA00016091425300000917
In the channel coefficient of, in
Figure BDA00016091425300000918
To
Figure BDA00016091425300000919
In the course of the transmission of (2),
Figure BDA00016091425300000920
is useful information in
Figure BDA00016091425300000927
To
Figure BDA00016091425300000928
In the course of the transmission of (2),
Figure BDA00016091425300000921
is useful information;
in the present invention, it is assumed that a user
Figure BDA00016091425300000929
And
Figure BDA00016091425300000930
with perfect channel state information
Figure BDA00016091425300000931
And
Figure BDA00016091425300000943
due to xAAnd xBIs at the user
Figure BDA00016091425300000933
And
Figure BDA00016091425300000934
information transmitted in the first stage, for the user
Figure BDA00016091425300000935
And
Figure BDA00016091425300000936
is a known signal, the influence of this part of the signal can be removed when this part of the signal is received, so that the first term in equation (11) and the second term in equation (12) can be omitted, and
Figure BDA00016091425300000937
and
Figure BDA00016091425300000938
the received signal may be equivalent to
Figure BDA00016091425300000922
Figure BDA00016091425300000923
Therefore, the temperature of the molten metal is controlled,
Figure BDA00016091425300000939
and
Figure BDA00016091425300000940
the instantaneous signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of the position can be expressed as
Figure BDA00016091425300000924
Figure BDA00016091425300000925
In that
Figure BDA00016091425300000941
And
Figure BDA00016091425300000942
can be expressed as
Figure BDA00016091425300000926
And
Figure BDA0001609142530000101
in the second time slot
Figure BDA0001609142530000102
To receive the user
Figure BDA0001609142530000103
And
Figure BDA0001609142530000104
the rates of (a) are:
Figure BDA0001609142530000105
Figure BDA0001609142530000106
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0001609142530000107
is from
Figure BDA0001609142530000108
To
Figure BDA0001609142530000109
Normalized received signal-to-noise ratio of (a).
3) Secure rate analysis for individual transmission links
The security rate is defined as the difference between a legitimate channel and an eavesdropping channel in each transmission link. In the present invention, all relays considered are untrusted and should therefore be considered eavesdroppers to check the network security. The weakest relay with the largest eavesdropping capacity among all relays (i.e. having a lower system security rate) is the bottleneck of the bidirectional transmission network, in other words, the weakest relay is in the slave
Figure BDA00016091425300001015
To
Figure BDA00016091425300001016
And from
Figure BDA00016091425300001017
To
Figure BDA00016091425300001018
Has the highest single-user decodable rate.
Therefore, in the present invention, from
Figure BDA00016091425300001019
To
Figure BDA00016091425300001020
The security rate of the transmission link is calculated based on the relay with the largest interception capacity, and the security of the link cannot be guaranteed as long as the relay intercepts useful information. Thus, it is possible to provide
Figure BDA00016091425300001010
Wherein [ ·]+＝max{0，·}，
Figure BDA00016091425300001011
Is in two time slots by
Figure BDA00016091425300001021
The highest single-user decodable rate of the transmitted signal.
Also from
Figure BDA00016091425300001022
To
Figure BDA00016091425300001023
The safe rate of the transmission link is
Figure BDA00016091425300001012
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA00016091425300001013
is formed by
Figure BDA00016091425300001024
The highest single-user decodable rate of the transmitted signal.
Comparison between the first and second time slots by equations (7) and (18)
Figure BDA00016091425300001025
The single user decodable rate of the transmitted signal, we conclude that:
Figure BDA00016091425300001026
always equals the rate of the first slot, i.e. the single-user decodable rate
Figure BDA00016091425300001014
This observation can be made by comparing the expressions for the two rates in equations (7) and (18) due to the additional noise present in the rate of the second slotAn acoustic item. Thus, from
Figure BDA0001609142530000115
To
Figure BDA0001609142530000116
The transmission link has a safe rate of
Figure BDA00016091425300001118
Similarly, comparing equations (8) and (19) can be derived from
Figure BDA0001609142530000111
To
Figure BDA0001609142530000112
The transmission link has a safe rate of
Figure BDA00016091425300001119
Thus, the total safe rate of the bidirectional transmission relay network is
Figure BDA00016091425300001120
In an embodiment, the present invention performs numerical simulation and comparison of the proposed relay selection optimization algorithm. All simulations use fading channel models to perform 1000 independent tests, and the average of the safe rates under the 1000 different fading channel models is recorded as the average safe rate. Suppose that each user
Figure BDA0001609142530000119
And
Figure BDA00016091425300001121
are all provided with NtThe number N of untrusted relays is set to 3 or 4 or 5 for 10 antennas, each relay being equipped with only one relayAn antenna. To avoid loss of generality, we assume that the noise variance of all nodes is 1, and the user
Figure BDA00016091425300001111
And
Figure BDA00016091425300001112
is the same as the power of the relay node,
Figure BDA00016091425300001122
by changing
Figure BDA00016091425300001114
Transmission power P ofATo adjust the SNR. In order to show the performance superiority of the relay selection algorithm proposed by the present invention, we introduce two other commonly used secure transmission schemes for comparison. The first is the sum-rate maximization scheme (document [4 ]]) The optimal relay is selected by comparing the system and rate sizes. The second scheme is a partial relay selection scheme (document [5]]) The optimal relay is selected by the quality of the channel from the destination node to the relay. In addition, document [4 ]]And [5]]All based on a trusted network development, we combined it with our proposed untrusted TWRN for comparison purposes.
FIG. 3 compares the max-min LB scheme proposed by the present invention with the maximum sum rate scheme, reference [5]]The correlation between the Security Outage Probability (SOP) and the SNR in the partial relay selection scheme in (1). In the present invention, SOP means that the minimum safe rate in the bidirectional transmission link is lower than a given target safe rate
Figure BDA00016091425300001116
Is a probability of
Figure BDA0001609142530000113
When in use
Figure BDA00016091425300001123
N t10 and target safe rate
Figure BDA0001609142530000114
As can be seen from the figure, the max-min LB scheme achieves higher performance than the sum rate maximum scheme, the partial relay selection scheme. This is because the sum-rate maximization scheme always selects the relay with the maximum sum rate, which does not guarantee fairness for both transmission links. While some relay selection schemes are designed based only on the channel quality from the destination node to the relay.
Fig. 4 shows the relation between SOP and the number N of untrusted relays under the max-min LB scheme. As can be seen from the figure, the privacy performance of the system can be improved by increasing the number of untrusted relays. This is because the number of untrusted relays is increased, and a larger selection margin is obtained, and a larger diversity gain is obtained.
Fig. 5 shows the relationship between SOP and target safe rate when the number of untrusted relays is different under the max-min LB scheme, and it can be seen from the figure that increasing the number of untrusted relays can improve the SOP of the system, which well demonstrates the results obtained from fig. 3.
Fig. 6 shows the average security rate comparison of the max-min LB scheme with other schemes at 1000 channels, and it can be seen from the figure that the max-min LB scheme is superior to the partial relay selection scheme in document [5], showing the superiority of using the max-min scheme for the untrusted relay network. However, in contrast to the sum-rate-max based scheme, at low SNR, the proposed scheme sacrifices some security rate for fairness. And under the condition of high SNR, the traversing safe rate approximation and the rate maximization of the max-min LB scheme.
And (4) conclusion: for a multi-antenna, multi-relay, secure transmission application scenario, the present invention introduces untrusted relays into the TWRN and proposes a lower bound relay selection scheme that maximizes the minimum unidirectional transmission security rate, performs relay selection before sending the useful signal, and uses beamforming at each user to ensure that any unselected relays cannot receive information. And reliable and safe transmission of information in the untrusted multi-relay network is further realized, and the correctness and the effectiveness of the proposed relay selection scheme are verified through simulation.

Claims (1)

1. A safe transmission method of an untrusted relay bidirectional transmission network based on relay selection is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) introduction of untrusted relaying into a two-way transmission relay network, one comprising two users
Figure FDA0002789134640000015
And N untrusted amplify-and-forward relay nodes
Figure FDA0002789134640000014
Each user is provided with NtRoot antenna, only one antenna per relay, Nt≥N，
Figure FDA0002789134640000016
And
Figure FDA0002789134640000017
there is no direct communication link between them;
definition of
Figure FDA0002789134640000018
And
Figure FDA0002789134640000019
respectively, is PAAnd PB(ii) a From
Figure FDA00027891346400000110
To
Figure FDA00027891346400000111
And from
Figure FDA00027891346400000112
To
Figure FDA00027891346400000113
Respectively of the fading channel coefficients
Figure FDA00027891346400000114
And
Figure FDA00027891346400000115
all nodes are operating in half-duplex mode and all nodes receive noise with mean 0 and variance
Figure FDA00027891346400000116
Additive complex gaussian noise of (1); define from
Figure FDA00027891346400000117
To
Figure FDA00027891346400000118
Normalized received signal-to-noise ratio of
Figure FDA00027891346400000119
From
Figure FDA00027891346400000120
To
Figure FDA00027891346400000121
Normalized received signal-to-noise ratio of
Figure FDA00027891346400000122
Then optimally select the relay
Figure FDA00027891346400000123
(2) In the first time slot of the transmission of the information,
Figure FDA00027891346400000124
precoding vector wAUsefulness of codingSignal xAIs sent to
Figure FDA00027891346400000125
At the same time
Figure FDA00027891346400000126
Precoding vector wBCoded useful signal xBIs sent to
Figure FDA00027891346400000127
xAAnd xBThe signals are mutually interference signals, and the signals are mutually interfered,
Figure FDA00027891346400000128
and
Figure FDA00027891346400000129
respectively represent
Figure FDA00027891346400000130
And
Figure FDA00027891346400000131
the useful signal that is transmitted,
Figure FDA00027891346400000132
and
Figure FDA00027891346400000133
respectively represent
Figure FDA00027891346400000134
And
Figure FDA00027891346400000135
sending a precoding vector, sAAnd sBRespectively represent
Figure FDA00027891346400000136
And
Figure FDA00027891346400000137
useful data symbols transmitted and satisfy
Figure FDA00027891346400000138
At the selected relay
Figure FDA00027891346400000139
Where the received signal is represented as
Figure FDA0002789134640000011
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0002789134640000012
Figure FDA0002789134640000013
Figure FDA00027891346400000140
represents from
Figure FDA00027891346400000141
To
Figure FDA00027891346400000142
Channel matrices of all other relays except the relay;
Figure FDA00027891346400000143
represents from
Figure FDA00027891346400000144
To
Figure FDA00027891346400000145
Channel matrices of all other relays except the relay;
relay
Figure FDA0002789134640000027
To receive the user
Figure FDA0002789134640000028
Rate of
Figure FDA0002789134640000021
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0002789134640000029
is formed by
Figure FDA00027891346400000210
For the user
Figure FDA00027891346400000211
Interference generated by the transmission;
relay
Figure FDA00027891346400000212
To receive the user
Figure FDA00027891346400000213
Rate of
Figure FDA0002789134640000022
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA00027891346400000214
is formed by
Figure FDA00027891346400000215
For the user
Figure FDA00027891346400000216
Interference generated by the transmission;
(3) in the second time slot of the transmission of the information,
Figure FDA00027891346400000217
at a constant gain
Figure FDA00027891346400000218
Amplifying the signal received in the last time slot and then forwarding to the user
Figure FDA00027891346400000219
The method comprises the following specific steps:
Figure FDA00027891346400000220
transmitted signal
Figure FDA00027891346400000221
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA00027891346400000222
power gain factor of the normalized transmitted signal
Figure FDA0002789134640000023
Figure FDA00027891346400000223
To represent
Figure FDA00027891346400000224
The transmit power of (a);
at two users
Figure FDA00027891346400000225
And
Figure FDA00027891346400000226
to receive from
Figure FDA00027891346400000227
Respectively is
Figure FDA0002789134640000024
Figure FDA0002789134640000025
Wherein n isAAnd nBAre respectively
Figure FDA00027891346400000228
And
Figure FDA00027891346400000229
has a mean value of zero and a variance of
Figure FDA00027891346400000230
Additive complex gaussian noise of (1);
other unselected relays
Figure FDA00027891346400000231
Received signal
Figure FDA00027891346400000232
Is composed of
Figure FDA0002789134640000026
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA00027891346400000233
is from
Figure FDA00027891346400000234
To
Figure FDA00027891346400000235
In the channel coefficient of, in
Figure FDA00027891346400000236
To
Figure FDA00027891346400000237
In the course of the transmission of (2),
Figure FDA00027891346400000238
is useful information in
Figure FDA00027891346400000239
To
Figure FDA00027891346400000240
In the course of the transmission of (2),
Figure FDA00027891346400000241
is useful information;
Figure FDA00027891346400000242
indicating selected relay
Figure FDA00027891346400000243
Where the received mean is 0 and the variance is
Figure FDA00027891346400000244
Additive complex Gaussian noise, i.e.
Figure FDA00027891346400000245
Figure FDA00027891346400000246
And
Figure FDA00027891346400000247
at instantaneous rates of respectively
Figure FDA00027891346400000248
And
Figure FDA00027891346400000249
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA00027891346400000250
is from
Figure FDA00027891346400000251
To
Figure FDA00027891346400000252
Normalized received signal-to-noise ratio of (a);
Figure FDA00027891346400000253
is from
Figure FDA00027891346400000254
To
Figure FDA00027891346400000255
Normalized received signal-to-noise ratio of (a);
Figure FDA0002789134640000032
receiving user
Figure FDA0002789134640000033
And
Figure FDA0002789134640000034
respectively at rates of
Figure FDA0002789134640000035
And
Figure FDA0002789134640000036
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0002789134640000037
is from
Figure FDA0002789134640000038
To
Figure FDA0002789134640000039
Normalized received signal-to-noise ratio of (a);
(4) is calculated from
Figure FDA00027891346400000310
To
Figure FDA00027891346400000311
Secure rate of transmission link
Figure FDA00027891346400000312
Wherein [. ]]+＝max{0，·}，
Figure FDA00027891346400000313
Is in two time slots by
Figure FDA00027891346400000314
The highest single-user decodable rate for the transmitted signal; from
Figure FDA00027891346400000315
To
Figure FDA00027891346400000316
Of transmission linksSafe rate of speed
Figure FDA00027891346400000317
Wherein
Figure FDA00027891346400000318
Is formed by
Figure FDA00027891346400000319
The highest single-user decodable rate for the transmitted signal; total safe rate of bidirectional transmission relay network
Figure FDA0002789134640000031
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