CN108599189A - The single-phase Static Var Compensator that two-way can be continuously adjusted - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
- H02J3/1821—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators
- H02J3/1835—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators with stepless control
- H02J3/1842—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators with stepless control wherein at least one reactive element is actively controlled by a bridge converter, e.g. active filters
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
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Abstract
The invention discloses the single-phase Static Var Compensator that two-way can be continuously adjusted, including control system and compensation circuit, the compensation circuit is connected to phase line on zero curve, the high-pass filter being made of filter reactor, filter capacitor is equipped between phase line and zero curve；The compensation circuit further includes a transformer, and the first power switch is equipped between the primary side anode and filter reactor of transformer, and the second power switch is equipped between the primary side anode and zero curve of transformer；The capacitor compensating circuit being arranged in parallel and reactance compensation circuit are equipped between the secondary side anode and filter reactor of the transformer；First, second power switch and Capacitance Power switch, blind power switch control break-make by control system.The shortcomings that cannot being continuously adjusted the present invention overcomes capacitor compensation, and the advantages of Static Var Compensator accurately compensates is combined, improve the stability of system.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Static Var Compensator technical field, more particularly to it is a kind of it is single-phase two-way can continuously adjust it is static
Reactive-load compensator.
Background technology
Electric energy is important energy source indispensable in modern society, and very extensive answer is obtained in different fields
With this also makes the carrying of modern power network very harsh.With the development of modern industrial technology, nonlinear-load is big in electric system
Amount increases, and with the development of our improvements of living standard and technology, the load of many power electronics classes occurs.Especially
It is the appearance of electric vehicle, a large amount of charging pile has accessed distribution, and with the development of battery technology, various quick charge skills
Art and battery occur, and cause the demand capacity to distribution increasing, seriously affect the stability of electric system and the electricity of power supply
It can quality.Various non-linear and time variation electronic device such as inverter, rectifier and various Switching Power Supplies etc. are answered on a large scale
With caused negative effect is also increasingly apparent.The application of non-linear power electronic equipment brings serious harmonic wave dirt to power grid
It contaminates and thereby produces a series of power quality problem.Such as：Harmonic wave makes the production, transmission and the efficiency drop utilized of electric energy
It is low, make electrical equipment overheat, generate vibrations and noise, leads to insulation ag(e)ing, reduced service life, or even break down or burn
It ruins.Harmonic wave can cause electric system local parallel resonant or series resonance, and harmonic content is caused to be amplified, and cause capacitor etc.
Equipment burnout.Harmonic wave can also cause relay protection and the malfunction of automatic device, and the metering of electric energy is made mistake occur.Harmonic wave can also
Communication equipment and electronic equipment is set to generate serious interference.Therefore, harmonic wave control has become what human society had to face
Tough questions.Transmission line of electricity, single-phase load, electric machinery load also will produce a large amount of reactive requirement, and cause three-phase load
Imbalance, serious waste is caused to the investment of power system device, while can also reduce the power quality of user.Therefore right
Idle, three-phase imbalance and harmonic wave in circuit, which administer, has higher value.
Due to load end largely use electric machinery load, a large amount of inductive reactive powers present on circuit, it is conventionally employed simultaneously
The mode of connection capacitance carries out the compensation of inductive reactive power.This mode has knot by the combination balancing inductive reactive power of different capacitances
Structure is simple, price is relatively low, but equipment volume is larger, can only compensate fixed inductive reactive power, and there are the danger of Harmonics amplification.And
And capacitor is easier to damage, the relatively low disadvantage of service life.
Since the seventies, with the rapid development of power electronic technique, especially power semiconductor and Semiconductor Converting Technology
Rapid development, various power electronic equipments obtain more and more extensive answer in military, industry, life and high-technology field
With, the appearance of high-speed power switching device, the maturation of Instantaneous Power Theory and the development of digital processing technology have pushed static
The development of reactive-load compensator.Compared with capacitive compensator, Static Var Compensator can to the idle of variation, low-order harmonic and
The quick dynamic tracing compensation of the carry out such as dissymmetrical load, and voltage dithering can be eliminated, compensation characteristic is not by electric network impedance
It influences, and there is no the danger etc. of " Harmonics amplification ", thus is widely paid attention to.Static Var Compensator (SVG) technology is
Based on the manufacturing technology of power device, harmonic detecting technique and Current Control Technology, with the development of these technologies, technology
Great development is obtained.In recent years, it has begun to use SVG in industry and civil equipment both at home and abroad, and stand-alone device
Capacity step up, application field is from the idle to the direction for improving entire power system power supply quality of compensation user itself
Development.Moreover, with the raising of compensation capacity, SVG can also compensate harmonic wave while compensating reactive power, various SVG
Technology has become research hotspot.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide it is a kind of by capacitive compensator and Static Var Compensator advantage be combined it is single-phase can
The two-way Static Var Compensator continuously adjusted.
For this purpose, the technical scheme is that：The single-phase Static Var Compensator that two-way can be continuously adjusted, feature exist
In：Including control system and compensation circuit, the compensation circuit is connected on phase line and zero curve, between phase line and zero curve equipped with by
The high-pass filter of filter reactor, filter capacitor composition；The compensation circuit further includes a transformer, and the primary side of transformer is just
It is equipped with the first power switch between end and filter reactor, is opened equipped with the second power between the primary side anode and zero curve of transformer
It closes；The negative terminal of the first power switch anode and the second power switch is arranged in parallel a resistance capaciting absorpting circuit；The transformer
Secondary side anode and filter reactor between be equipped with the capacitor compensating circuit that is arranged in parallel and reactance compensation circuit, capacitance compensation electricity
Road includes concatenated Capacitance Power switch and compensating electric capacity, and reactance compensation circuit includes concatenated blind power switch and compensation electricity
It is anti-；The primary side negative terminal of the transformer and secondary side negative terminal connect zero curve simultaneously；First, second power switch and capacitance work(
Rate switch, blind power switch control break-make by control system.
Preferably, the control system controls the break-make of each power switch by reactive requirement, when reactive requirement is
When zero, maintain the state of existing power switch constant；When there are reactive requirement, judge it is required it is idle for inductive reactive power still
Capacitive reactive power controls Capacitance Power switch conduction when demand is capacitive reactive power, and blind power switch disconnects；When demand is sense
Property it is idle when, control blind power switch conduction, Capacitance Power switch disconnect.
Preferably, first power switch and the second power switch are complementary state, i.e. when the first power switch is connected,
Second power switch disconnects, conversely, when the first power switch disconnects, the conducting of the second power switch.
Preferably, when the Capacitance Power switch and blind power switch are complementary state, i.e. Capacitance Power switch conduction,
Blind power switch disconnects, conversely, when Capacitance Power switch disconnects, blind power switch conduction.
Preferably, the resistance capaciting absorpting circuit is formed by capacitance, resistor coupled in parallel.
The basic principle of reactive power compensation is device and inductive load with capacitive power load and to couple
In same circuit, when capacitive load releases energy, inductive load absorbs energy；And inductive load is when releasing energy, capacitive is negative
Lotus is but absorbing energy, and energy is intercoursed between two kinds of loads.In this way, the reactive power that inductive load is absorbed can be by holding
Property load output reactive power in be compensated.
The high-pass filter being made of filter reactor, filter capacitor is used to filter out the harmonic wave near switching frequency；Transformation
Device, in practical application can flexible configuration capacity according to the demand of user, have the function of that primary and secondary side is isolated.The first,
Two power switch constitute a pair of complementary AC/AC converters, wherein the first power switch is main switch, the second power switch is secondary
Switch.The turn-on and turn-off of two groups of switch periods, i.e., when main switch is connected, auxiliary switch shutdown；Conversely, main switch turns off
When, auxiliary switch conducting.In order to prevent two switch complete complementary, open circuit will not occur, be arranged necessary dead time be must
It wants.Simultaneously in order to provide freewheeling path to dead time, therefore it is provided with resistance capaciting absorpting circuit.
First, second power switch uses PWM control modes, simple in order to analyze, and ignores dead time and Capacitance Power
The state of switch, blind power switch.When main switch is connected, auxiliary switch shutdown, the voltage of power grid directly passes through first at this time
Power switch is loaded with the primary side of transformer.Conversely, when the main switches are off, auxiliary switch conducting, transformer primary side and electricity at this time
Net disconnects, and transformer is connected to zero curve by auxiliary switch, i.e., voltage device original edge voltage is 0 at this time, and primary current passes through pair
Switched freewheel.
Capacitance Power switch, blind power switch are used for adjusting compensation capacitive reactive power and inductive reactive power.Under normal circumstances, electric
Hold power switch, blind power switch in complementary working condition, i.e., when Capacitance Power switch conduction, blind power switchs
Shutdown, the capacitive reactive power at this moment compensated；Conversely, when Capacitance Power switch OFF, blind power switch conduction, this when is
System compensation is inductive reactive power.Therefore the system can both be suitble to compensate capacitive reactive power, can also compensate inductive reactive power.The two
The control of switch, when having inductive reactive power in the system detected, is just mended by detecting that the idle type in system is determined
Capacitive reactive power is repaid, that is, controls Capacitance Power switch conduction, blind power switch OFF.Conversely, when control system detects system
There are when capacitive reactive power in circuit, that is, control Capacitance Power switch OFF, blind power switch conduction.Due in circuit system
In, the transformation of inductive reactive power and capacitive reactive power is not very frequently, therefore the switching of the two power switch will not very frequently.
The present invention is directed to the characteristics of traditional single-phase reactive-load compensator, by traditional capacitive compensator and static reactive
The advantages of device, combines, and has not only overcome the shortcomings that capacitor compensation cannot continuously adjust, but also to combine Static Var Compensator accurate
The advantages of compensation, while the complexity of system is also reduced, improve the stability of system.The first, second work(of the present invention
Rate switch uses PWM working methods, not will produce low-order harmonic, and it is excellent to have that fast response time, control are easy, controller is simple etc.
Point.
Description of the drawings
It is described in further detail below in conjunction with attached drawing and embodiments of the present invention
Fig. 1 is the topological structure schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of control method of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the flow chart that reactive requirement of the present invention calculates.
Specific implementation mode
Referring to attached drawing.The Static Var Compensator of the present embodiment includes control system and compensation circuit, the compensation circuit
It is connected on phase line A and zero curve N, compensation circuit is by filter reactor Lfa, filter capacitor C, resistance capaciting absorpting circuit Rca, transformer
Ta, the first power switch Sa1, the second power switch Sa2, Capacitance Power switch Sac, blind power switch SaL, compensating electric capacity
Ca, compensating reactance La are constituted.
One end of the filter reactor Lfa is connected to phase line A, and the other end is divided into multichannel, wherein connecting filtered electrical all the way
Hold C, the other end of filter capacitor C is connected to zero curve N；Filter reactor Lfa is also connected to the anode of the first power switch Sa1,
The negative terminal of first power switch Sa1 connects the anode of the anode and transformer Ta primary sides of the second power switch Sa2, the second work(simultaneously
The negative terminal of rate switch Sa2 is connected to the zero curve N of system；The anode of the first power switch Sa1 and the second power switch Sa2's
The resistance capaciting absorpting circuit Rca that negative terminal parallel connection one is formed in parallel by resistance capacitance；Filter reactor Lfa connection Capacitance Powers switch
The negative terminal of the anode of Sac, Capacitance Power switch Sac connects compensating electric capacity Ca, and the compensating electric capacity Ca other ends are connected to transformer Ta
The anode on secondary side；The negative terminal connection of the anode of filter reactor Lfa connection blind power switches SaL, blind power switch SaL is mended
Reactance La is repaid, the compensating reactance La other ends are connected to the anode on transformer Ta pairs side；The primary side negative terminal of transformer and secondary side negative terminal
It is connected to the zero curve N of system simultaneously.
Filter reactor Lfa and filter capacitor C constitute high-pass filter, for filtering out the harmonic wave near switching frequency.
Sa1, Sa2, Sac and SaL are power switch, in practical applications in order to keep design simple, identical power may be used and open
It closes and drives.Ca is the capacitor for compensating inductive reactive power, and La is the reactor for compensating capacitive reactive power.Ta is transformation
Device, in practical application can flexible configuration capacity according to the demand of user, here we in order to problem analysis it is convenient, transformer is adopted
With 1:1 no-load voltage ratio has the function of that primary and secondary side is isolated.The compensator is by pulse width modulation type AC/AC converters and becomes
Depressor shape combines, and the voltage on monoclonal antibody device is either compensated by adjusting compensation capacitor to adjust compensating electric capacity or compensation electricity
Anti- electric current.
First power switch Sa1 and the second power switch Sa2 constitute a pair of complementary AC/AC converters, wherein the first work(
Rate switch Sa1 is main switch, and the second power switch Sa2 is auxiliary switch.The turn-on and turn-off of two groups of switch periods, i.e., when master opens
When closing conducting, auxiliary switch shutdown.Conversely, when main switch turns off, auxiliary switch conducting.The complete complementary of two switches in order to prevent,
Open circuit will not occur, necessary dead time is set and is necessary.Simultaneously in order to provide freewheeling path to dead time, therefore set
RCa freewheeling circuits are set.The two power switch use PWM control modes, simple in order to analyze, and ignore dead time and capacitance
The state of power switch Sac and SaL.When main switch Sa1 is connected, auxiliary switch Sa2 shutdowns, the voltage of power grid directly passes through at this time
Power switch is loaded with the primary side of transformer.Conversely, when main first power switch Sa1 shutdowns, auxiliary switch Sa2 conductings.At this time
Transformer primary side is disconnected with power grid, and three-phase and center line are connected together by transformer by auxiliary switch, i.e., voltage device is former at this time
Polygonal voltage is 0, and primary current passes through auxiliary switch afterflow.This group of power switch work and PWM state, due to transformation
The presence of device reactor leakage reactance, the phenomenon that not will produce Harmonics amplification.
Capacitance Power switch Sac and blind power switch SaL is used for adjusting compensation capacitive reactive power and inductive reactive power.General feelings
Under condition, the two power switch work in complementary state, i.e., when Sac is connected, SaL shutdowns, and the capacitive reactive power at this moment compensated；Instead
It, when Sac is turned off, SaL conductings, this when, system balance was inductive reactive power.Therefore the system can both be suitble to compensate
Capacitive reactive power can also compensate inductive reactive power.The control of the two switches, by detecting that the idle type in system determines,
When having inductive reactive power in the system detected, capacitive reactive power is compensated for, that is, controls Sac conductings, SaL shutdowns.Conversely, when control
There are when capacitive reactive power, that is, control Sac shutdowns, SaL conductings in system detectio to circuit system processed.Due in circuit system,
The transformation of inductive reactive power and capacitive reactive power is not very frequently, therefore the switching of the two power switch will not be very frequent, because
This can also be operated in a low frequency state.
As shown in Fig. 2, the control method of the Static Var Compensator is as follows：System upon start, just carries out self-test, reads
Take the arrange parameter of system；Detecting system Current Voltage later, and calculate the reactive requirement needed for system, circular
As shown in Figure 3；The calculating process uses traditional instantaneous reactive power calculative strategy, control system to first determine whether required idle
Whether it is zero, just maintains present status constant if it is zero.If there is reactive requirement, be judged as it is required it is idle be inductive reactive power
Or capacitive reactive power, when demand capacitive reactive power, control Capacitance Power switch Sac is closed, and SaL is disconnected；Conversely, control reactance work(
Rate switch SaL is closed, and Sac is disconnected.This group switch is served only for the capacitive reactive power and inductive reactive power demand of compartment system.Then, lead to
The duty cycle of switching for crossing control major-minor switch, adjusts the compensation rate of each phase, and idle by the reality output of detecting system, with
Desired value is compared, and is finely adjusted by closed loop, that is, is adjusted by pi regulator.
Fig. 3 gives idle detection control algolithm.Prediction algorithm is first described below, due to the uncertainty of load, is caused
A specific model can not possibly be established accurately to describe nonlinear-load.Prediction model is a kind of to be moved to certain phenomenon
Step response carries out the model of Accurate Prediction.So-called forecast function is exactly can be according to the historical information of system, the future of forecasting system
Output.Gray model is the dynamical equation established using the discrete acquisitions data of system according to gray system theory, referred to as GM
Model.Can be past by system and the data that acquire now make prediction to the development trend in system future, modeled
Journey is as follows.
Assuming that an original sequence of detection is：
x(0)=[x(0)(1),x(0)(2),x(0)(3),…,x(0)(n)]
Wherein, n is the number of data in original series.To establish GM (1,1) model, it is desirable that x(0)(k) >=0 (k=1,2,
3,…n).Original data are first made into index variation
Wherein, y(0)(k) >=0 (k=1,2,3 ... n) meet modeling demand.In order to obtain rule from random data,
Gray system is using dynamically several Accumulating generation methods, the mathematical description of Accumulating generation method.By original data series y(0)It generates tired
Addend row y(1)：
y(1)=[y(1)(1),y(1)(2),y(1)(3),…,y(1)(n)]
For generalized energy system y(1), differential equation approximate description below can be used：
This is the univariate differential equation of single order, is denoted as GM (1,1).Utilize the pass of difference equation and the differential equation
System, when the sampling interval is a unit, above-mentioned equation can be expressed as：
In above formula, by y(1)Use y(1)(k) and y(1)(k-1) mean value replaces：
Enable z(0)(k)=0.5z(1)(k)+0.5z(1)(k-1), it and by k=2,3 ... n is updated in above formula, then above formula can be with
It is written as following form：
y(0)(2)=- az(1)(2)+u
y(0)(3)=- az(1)(3)+u
…
y(0)(n)=- az(1)(n)+u
Above formula is expressed in matrix as：
Parameter a and parameter u can be by original series y(0)With cumulative sequences y(1)It solves.To obtain accurate y(1)'s
Growth curve at least wants 4 data.The prediction model of this patent uses 4 data.Parameter a and parameter u can by it is following most
Small square law acquires optimal solution.
Wherein：
bT=[y(0)(2)y(0)(3)y(0)(4)]
The albefaction of prediction output responds solution：
Because of y(1)(1)=y(0)(1), institute's above formula can be expressed as：
Above formula can solve the predicted value of cumulative sequence, and ordered series of numbers is being restored with inverse accumulated generating.
Since sequences y is the exponent arithmetic of original series, the inverse operation reduction original series of index are done.
By system detectio to voltage, electric current substitute into the original series x of above-mentioned prediction successively(0), finally obtained
It is exactly the prediction data of electric current and voltage.
Specific idle and active detection algorithm is as shown in figure 3, system detectio voltage is obtained by prediction algorithm pre-
Measured data inputs to phase-locked loop pll, at the same by obtained data calculate sine sin and cosine cos values using form after,
It is multiplied with the predicted value of electric current, after low-pass filter (LPF), so that it may to have obtained work value P and without work value Q.
Claims (5)
1. the single-phase Static Var Compensator that two-way can be continuously adjusted, it is characterised in that：Including control system and compensation circuit, institute
It states compensation circuit and is connected to phase line on zero curve, the height being made of filter reactor, filter capacitor is equipped between phase line and zero curve
Bandpass filter；The compensation circuit further includes a transformer, and first is equipped between the primary side anode and filter reactor of transformer
Power switch is equipped with the second power switch between the primary side anode and zero curve of transformer；The first power switch anode and
The negative terminal of two power switch is arranged in parallel a resistance capaciting absorpting circuit；It is set between the secondary side anode and filter reactor of the transformer
There are the capacitor compensating circuit being arranged in parallel and reactance compensation circuit, capacitor compensating circuit to include concatenated Capacitance Power switch and mend
Capacitance is repaid, reactance compensation circuit includes concatenated blind power switch and compensating reactance；The primary side negative terminal and pair of the transformer
Side negative terminal connects zero curve simultaneously；First, second power switch and Capacitance Power switch, blind power switch are by control
System controls break-make.
2. the single-phase Static Var Compensator that two-way can be continuously adjusted as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The control
System controls the break-make of each power switch by reactive requirement, when reactive requirement is zero, maintains existing power switch
State is constant；When there are reactive requirement, judge it is required idle for inductive reactive power or capacitive reactive power, when demand be capacitive without
When work(, Capacitance Power switch conduction is controlled, blind power switch disconnects；When demand is inductive reactive power, control blind power is opened
Conducting is closed, Capacitance Power switch disconnects.
3. the single-phase Static Var Compensator that two-way can be continuously adjusted as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described first
Power switch and the second power switch are complementary state, i.e. when the first power switch is connected, the second power switch disconnects, conversely,
When first power switch disconnects, the conducting of the second power switch.
4. the single-phase Static Var Compensator that two-way can be continuously adjusted as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The capacitance
When power switch and blind power switch are complementary state, i.e. Capacitance Power switch conduction, blind power switch disconnects, conversely,
When Capacitance Power switch disconnects, blind power switch conduction.
5. the single-phase Static Var Compensator that two-way can be continuously adjusted as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The capacitance-resistance
Absorbing circuit is formed by capacitance, resistor coupled in parallel.
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1601846A (en) * | 2004-10-13 | 2005-03-30 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Static reactive compensator able to continuously regulating capacity reactive |
| CN101093939A (en) * | 2006-06-21 | 2007-12-26 | 襄樊大力工业控制股份有限公司 | Major loop in high voltage static, dynamic reactive power compensation equipment |
| CN104022514A (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2014-09-03 | 西安交通大学 | Optimal coordination control method for hierarchical adjustable high-voltage electric reactor and static reactive compensator |
| CN105633977A (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2016-06-01 | 深圳市三和电力科技有限公司 | Intelligent type low-voltage reactive compensation apparatus and method |
| CN208352983U (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2019-01-08 | 南京申宁达智能科技有限公司 | The single-phase Static Var Compensator that two-way can be continuously adjusted |
-
2018
- 2018-06-27 CN CN201810673666.1A patent/CN108599189A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1601846A (en) * | 2004-10-13 | 2005-03-30 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Static reactive compensator able to continuously regulating capacity reactive |
| CN101093939A (en) * | 2006-06-21 | 2007-12-26 | 襄樊大力工业控制股份有限公司 | Major loop in high voltage static, dynamic reactive power compensation equipment |
| CN104022514A (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2014-09-03 | 西安交通大学 | Optimal coordination control method for hierarchical adjustable high-voltage electric reactor and static reactive compensator |
| CN105633977A (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2016-06-01 | 深圳市三和电力科技有限公司 | Intelligent type low-voltage reactive compensation apparatus and method |
| CN208352983U (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2019-01-08 | 南京申宁达智能科技有限公司 | The single-phase Static Var Compensator that two-way can be continuously adjusted |
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