CN108598381A - A kind of carbon-coated nano silicon materials and its preparation method and application - Google Patents
A kind of carbon-coated nano silicon materials and its preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN108598381A CN108598381A CN201810174025.1A CN201810174025A CN108598381A CN 108598381 A CN108598381 A CN 108598381A CN 201810174025 A CN201810174025 A CN 201810174025A CN 108598381 A CN108598381 A CN 108598381A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of carbon-coated nano silicon materials and its preparation method and application, the preparation method includes:Silicon flame retardant viscose fiber is placed in tube furnace, is heated up after being passed through inert gas, isothermal reaction postcooling obtains carbon coating earth silicon material;Carbon coating earth silicon material and magnesium powder are placed in tube furnace, heated up after being passed through inert gas, isothermal reaction postcooling obtains the carbon-coated nano silicon materials.The preparation method of carbon-coated nano silicon materials proposed by the present invention, process is simple, at low cost, is conducive to large-scale production, and obtained carbon-coated nano silicon materials apply the volume expansion in lithium battery small, and capacity is high, has extended cycle life.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of lithium ion battery negative more particularly to a kind of carbon-coated nano silicon materials and its
Preparation method and application.
Background technology
The rapid growth of new-energy automobile market proposes core component-power battery of new-energy automobile higher and higher
Requirement.Lithium ion battery energy density is high, has extended cycle life, memory-less effect, self discharge is small, is current driving force Battery Market
Mainstream.But market and national policy it have been difficult to meet using Carbon materials such as graphite as lithium ion battery negative material to battery
The requirement of energy density.Under room temperature, when as lithium ion battery negative material lithiation life can occur with lithium ion for silicon
At Li15Si4, theoretical capacity is up to 3579mAh/g, close to the 10 of traditional graphite negative electrodes theoretical capacity (372mAh/g)
Times, there is very wide application prospect.But when lithium ion is embedded in silicon or the deintercalation from silicon, silicon volume change is more than
300% so that silicium cathode easily dusting, broken and fall off from collector.Meanwhile SEI films can be continuous in atomization process for silicon
Ground is destroyed, lives again, and consumes a large amount of lithiums and electrolyte.Therefore use silicon as lithium ion battery negative material, battery can be faced with
Service life is short, the fast problem of capacity attenuation.
It is one of current improvement most common method of silicon cycling stability to prepare silicon based composite material.Such as number of patent application
In a kind of 201710369005.5 preparation methods of lithium ion battery silicon-carbon cathode material, silicon is embedded into expanded graphite, is pressed down
The volume expansion of silicon is made;Advanced Energy Materials magazines use chemical vapour deposition technique in 2016 1601481
Silicon particle is deposited in carbon matrix;Small magazines 2015 11 are interim have been reported a kind of silicon particle is loaded into sheet carbon film
In method.These methods can inhibit the adverse effect that silicon volume expansion is brought to a certain extent, improve following for battery
The ring service life.But it is cumbersome lengthy and jumbled to there is preparation process mostly, and production cost is high, the problem of being unfavorable for preparing on a large scale.
Invention content
Technical problems based on background technology, the present invention propose a kind of carbon-coated nano silicon materials and its preparation side
Method and application, the preparation method process is simple, at low cost, is conducive to large-scale production, obtained carbon-coated nano silicon material
Material applies the volume expansion in lithium battery small, and capacity is high, has extended cycle life.
A kind of preparation method of carbon-coated nano silicon materials proposed by the present invention, includes the following steps:
S1, silicon flame retardant viscose fiber is placed in tube furnace, is heated up after being passed through inert gas, isothermal reaction postcooling obtains
To carbon coating earth silicon material;
S2, carbon coating earth silicon material is mixed with magnesium powder, grinding is placed in tube furnace, is risen after being passed through inert gas
Temperature, isothermal reaction postcooling obtain the carbon-coated nano silicon materials.
Preferably, in S1, the silicon flame retardant viscose fiber be washed with ethanol water, it is dry after silicon anti-flaming viscose
Fiber.
Preferably, the ethanol water is the ethanol water that mass fraction is 45-55%.
Preferably, the ethanol water is the ethanol water that mass fraction is 50%.
Preferably, in S1, the silicon flame retardant viscose fiber is formed by polysilicon acid and viscose glue blending spinning.
Preferably, in S1 and S2, the inert gas is one kind in nitrogen, helium, neon, argon gas.
Preferably, in S1, during heating, 500-1000 DEG C is warming up to the heating rate of 1-10 DEG C/min;
The time of isothermal reaction is 0.1-10h.
Preferably, in S2, the weight ratio of carbon coating earth silicon material and magnesium powder is 1:1-5.
Preferably, in S2, during heating, 500-1000 DEG C is warming up to the heating rate of 1-10 DEG C/min;
The time of isothermal reaction is 0.1-10h.
Preferably, further include with acid solution wash after the cooling period and drying after being washed with water in S2.
Preferably, a concentration of 0.1-1mol/L of the acid solution.
Preferably, the acid solution is hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid solution.
Preferably, the drying be in one kind in natural environment, baking oven, incubator, vacuum drying chamber, Muffle furnace into
Capable drying.
A kind of carbon-coated nano silicon materials that the present invention also proposes, using the preparation method of the carbon-coated nano silicon materials
It is prepared.
A kind of application of the carbon-coated nano silicon materials that the present invention also proposes in lithium ion battery negative material.
Carbon-coated nano silicon materials proposed by the present invention include that porous agraphitic carbon matrix is determined with porous nothing is dispersed in
Monocrystalline silicon particle inside type carbon base body.
Advantage of the invention is that:
1, the cheap material of raw materials used equal horn of plenty, of low cost, preparation process is simple, is conducive to extensive metaplasia
Production;
2, silicon flame retardant viscose fiber is in carbonisation, and polysilicon acid can be converted into silica, and viscose rayon organism is then
It is converted into activated carbon.It can convert silica to nano-silicon using magnesiothermic reduction, can effectively regulate and control silicon by controlling temperature
Carbon ratio example improves the space structure of carbon, increases specific surface area.Porous agraphitic carbon can effectively weaken silicon volume expansion and bring
Adverse effect, while pore structure abundant in carbon matrix is conducive to the transmission of lithium ion, increases the embedded space of lithium ion,
Improve its capacity and cycle life as lithium ion battery negative material;
3, silicon particle is strapped in carbon base body simultaneously energy again by the present invention using the carbon base body being derived by viscose rayon
Enough expansion spaces are provided, to improve the cycle life of material.The first discharge specific capacity of this kind of material is up to
1521.62mAh/g coulombic efficiency is up to 74.65% for the first time.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the graph of pore diameter distribution of carbon-coated nano silicon materials made from the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 2 is the nitrogen adsorption desorption curve of carbon-coated nano silicon materials made from the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 3 is specific discharge capacity-cycle song of 40 cycles before carbon-coated nano silicon materials made from the embodiment of the present invention 1
Line;
Fig. 4 is the Mapping spectrograms for the carbon coating earth silicon material that S1 is obtained in the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Specific implementation mode
In the following, technical scheme of the present invention is described in detail by specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
A kind of preparation method of carbon-coated nano silicon materials proposed by the present invention, includes the following steps:
S1, the ethanol water for being 50% with mass fraction wash 10g silicon flame retardant viscose fiber three times, are placed in 50 DEG C
It is dry in baking oven, it is subsequently placed in tubular heater, is passed through nitrogen, heated up under nitrogen atmosphere with the heating rate of 3 DEG C/min
To 700 DEG C, isothermal reaction 2h postcoolings to room temperature obtain carbon coating earth silicon material;
S2, it is 1 in mass ratio by carbon coating earth silicon material and magnesium powder:1 ratio mixing, tube furnace is put into after grinding
In, it is passed through nitrogen, is heated to 600 DEG C under nitrogen atmosphere with the heating rate of 5 DEG C/min, isothermal reaction 4h postcoolings to room
Then temperature is washed with deionized with the salt acid elution of a concentration of 0.1mol/L, be placed in 50 DEG C of baking oven drying obtain it is described
Carbon-coated nano silicon materials.
By the carbon-coated nano silicon materials obtained in embodiment 1 and conductive black, SBR according to 8:1:1 mass ratio is mixed
It closes, adds water to adjust slurry viscosity, be uniformly applied on clean copper foil with scraper, 12h is dried in vacuo at 120 DEG C, is then passed through
The circular electric pole piece of diameter 1cm is cut to after roll-in.Electric performance test is carried out using fastening lithium ionic cell.Using lithium piece as pair
Electrode, it is the LiPF of a concentration of 1mol/L that diaphragm, which uses Celgard2400 diaphragms, electrolyte,6EC-EMC-DEC solution,
In, the volume ratio of EC, EMC, DEC are 1:1:1.Constant current charge-discharge, current density 0.05A/g, voltage model are carried out at room temperature
It encloses for 0.01-3.0V.
Fig. 1 is the graph of pore diameter distribution of carbon-coated nano silicon materials made from the embodiment of the present invention 1;As shown in Figure 1, in gained
In carbon-coated nano silicon materials based on 2nm micropores below, a large amount of lithium ion insertion channels and embedded space can be provided,
Connect increase battery capacity.
Fig. 2 is the nitrogen adsorption desorption curve of carbon-coated nano silicon materials made from the embodiment of the present invention 1;As shown in Figure 2, bent
Line is typical langmuir types (I type) adsorption isotherm, and specific surface area is up to 1345.6m2/g。
Fig. 3 is specific discharge capacity-cycle song of 40 cycles before carbon-coated nano silicon materials made from the embodiment of the present invention 1
Line;From the figure 3, it may be seen that after 40 cycles, battery still maintains the specific discharge capacity of 1008.63mAh/g.
Embodiment 2
A kind of preparation method of carbon-coated nano silicon materials proposed by the present invention, includes the following steps:
S1, the ethanol water for being 50% with mass fraction wash 10g silicon flame retardant viscose fiber three times, are placed in 50 DEG C
It is dry in baking oven, it is subsequently placed in tubular heater, is passed through nitrogen, under nitrogen atmosphere, heated with the heating rate of 3 DEG C/min
To 900 DEG C, isothermal reaction 2h, it is cooled to room temperature to obtain carbon coating earth silicon material;
S2, it is 1 in mass ratio by carbon coating earth silicon material and magnesium powder:1 ratio mixing, tube furnace is put into after grinding
In, it is passed through nitrogen, is heated to 600 DEG C under nitrogen atmosphere with the heating rate of 5 DEG C/min, isothermal reaction 4h is cooled to room temperature,
It with the salt acid elution of a concentration of 0.1mol/L, is then washed with deionized, is placed in drying in 50 DEG C of baking oven and obtains the carbon
Coat nano silicon material.
Fig. 4 is the Mapping spectrograms for the carbon coating earth silicon material that S1 is obtained in the embodiment of the present invention 2, can by Fig. 4
Know, it is 2 with element silicon atomic quantity ratio to have part carbon, oxygen element in product:1, illustrate that polysilicon acid turns in pyrolytic process
It changes into for silica.
Embodiment 3
A kind of preparation method of carbon-coated nano silicon materials proposed by the present invention, includes the following steps:
S1, the ethanol water for being 50% with mass fraction wash 10g silicon flame retardant viscose fiber three times, are placed in 50 DEG C
It is dry in baking oven, it is subsequently placed in tubular heater, is passed through nitrogen, under nitrogen atmosphere, heated with the heating rate of 3 DEG C/min
To 700 DEG C, isothermal reaction 2h, it is cooled to room temperature to obtain carbon coating earth silicon material;
S2, it is 1 in mass ratio by carbon coating earth silicon material and magnesium powder:2 ratio mixing, tube furnace is put into after grinding
In, it is passed through nitrogen, is heated to 600 DEG C under nitrogen atmosphere with the heating rate of 5 DEG C/min, isothermal reaction 4h is cooled to room temperature,
It with the salt acid elution of a concentration of 0.1mol/L, is then washed with deionized, is placed in drying in 50 DEG C of baking ovens and obtains the carbon packet
Cover nano silicon material.
Embodiment 4
A kind of preparation method of carbon-coated nano silicon materials proposed by the present invention, includes the following steps:
S1, silicon flame retardant viscose fiber is placed in tube furnace, is heated up after being passed through inert gas, isothermal reaction postcooling obtains
To carbon coating earth silicon material;
S2, carbon coating earth silicon material is mixed with magnesium powder, grinding is placed in tube furnace, is risen after being passed through inert gas
Temperature, isothermal reaction postcooling obtain the carbon-coated nano silicon materials.
Embodiment 5
A kind of preparation method of carbon-coated nano silicon materials proposed by the present invention, includes the following steps:
S1, silicon flame retardant viscose fiber is placed in tube furnace, is heated up after being passed through inert gas, isothermal reaction postcooling obtains
To carbon coating earth silicon material;Wherein, the silicon flame retardant viscose fiber be washed with ethanol water, it is dry after silicon it is fire-retardant
Viscose rayon;The ethanol water is the ethanol water that mass fraction is 55%;The silicon flame retardant viscose fiber is by poly- silicon
Acid and viscose glue blending spinning form;During heating, 500 DEG C are warming up to the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min;Isothermal reaction
Time be 10h;
S2, carbon coating earth silicon material is mixed with magnesium powder, grinding is placed in tube furnace, is risen after being passed through inert gas
Temperature, isothermal reaction postcooling obtain the carbon-coated nano silicon materials;Wherein, the weight of carbon coating earth silicon material and magnesium powder
Amount is than being 1:1;During heating, 500 DEG C are warming up to the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min;The time of isothermal reaction is 10h;
It further include with acid solution wash after the cooling period and drying after being washed with water;A concentration of 0.1mol/L of the acid solution;The acid
Solution is sulfuric acid solution;The drying is the drying carried out in the natural environment;
In S1 and S2, the inert gas is helium.
Embodiment 6
A kind of preparation method of carbon-coated nano silicon materials proposed by the present invention, includes the following steps:
S1, silicon flame retardant viscose fiber is placed in tube furnace, is heated up after being passed through inert gas, isothermal reaction postcooling obtains
To carbon coating earth silicon material;Wherein, the silicon flame retardant viscose fiber be washed with ethanol water, it is dry after silicon it is fire-retardant
Viscose rayon;The ethanol water is the ethanol water that mass fraction is 45%;The silicon flame retardant viscose fiber is by poly- silicon
Acid and viscose glue blending spinning form;During heating, 1000 DEG C are warming up to the heating rate of 1 DEG C/min;Isothermal reaction
Time be 0.1h;
S2, carbon coating earth silicon material is mixed with magnesium powder, grinding is placed in tube furnace, is risen after being passed through inert gas
Temperature, isothermal reaction postcooling obtain the carbon-coated nano silicon materials;Wherein, the weight of carbon coating earth silicon material and magnesium powder
Amount is than being 1:5;During heating, 1000 DEG C are warming up to the heating rate of 1 DEG C/min;The time of isothermal reaction is
0.1h;It further include with acid solution wash after the cooling period and drying after being washed with water;A concentration of 1mol/L of the acid solution;It is described
Acid solution is hydrochloric acid;The drying is the drying carried out in the incubator;
In S1 and S2, the inert gas is neon.
The invention also provides a kind of carbon-coated nano silicon materials, using the preparation method of the carbon-coated nano silicon materials
It is prepared.
The invention also provides a kind of application of carbon-coated nano silicon materials in lithium ion battery negative material.
Embodiment 7
A kind of preparation method of carbon-coated nano silicon materials proposed by the present invention, includes the following steps:
S1, silicon flame retardant viscose fiber is placed in tube furnace, is passed through argon gas, 850 are warming up to the heating rate of 7 DEG C/min
DEG C, isothermal reaction 3.9h postcoolings obtain carbon coating earth silicon material;Wherein, the silicon flame retardant viscose fiber is to use quality
Ethanol water washing that score is 50%, it is dry after silicon flame retardant viscose fiber;The silicon flame retardant viscose fiber is by polysilicon acid
It is formed with viscose glue blending spinning;
S2, carbon coating earth silicon material is mixed with magnesium powder, grinding be placed in tube furnace, be passed through argon gas, with 6 DEG C/
The heating rate of min is warming up to 800 DEG C, and isothermal reaction 6h postcoolings are washed, then with the sulfuric acid solution of a concentration of 0.6mol/L
It is washed with water, is dried to obtain the carbon-coated nano silicon materials in Muffle furnace;Wherein, carbon coating earth silicon material with
The weight ratio of magnesium powder is 1:4.
The invention also provides a kind of carbon-coated nano silicon materials, using the preparation method of the carbon-coated nano silicon materials
It is prepared;It includes porous agraphitic carbon matrix and is dispersed in the monocrystalline silicon particle of porous agraphitic carbon intrinsic silicon.
The invention also provides a kind of application of carbon-coated nano silicon materials in lithium ion battery negative material.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Any one skilled in the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technique and scheme of the present invention and its
Inventive concept is subject to equivalent substitution or change, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of preparation method of carbon-coated nano silicon materials, which is characterized in that include the following steps:
S1, silicon flame retardant viscose fiber is placed in tube furnace, is heated up after being passed through inert gas, isothermal reaction postcooling obtains carbon
Coated silica material;
S2, carbon coating earth silicon material being mixed with magnesium powder, grinding is placed in tube furnace, is heated up after being passed through inert gas,
Isothermal reaction postcooling obtains the carbon-coated nano silicon materials.
2. the preparation method of carbon-coated nano silicon materials according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in S1, the silicon resistance
Combustion viscose rayon be washed with ethanol water, dry after silicon flame retardant viscose fiber;Preferably, the ethanol water is matter
Measure the ethanol water that score is 45-55%;Preferably, the ethanol water is that the ethyl alcohol that mass fraction is 50% is water-soluble
Liquid.
3. the preparation method of carbon-coated nano silicon materials according to claim 1 or claim 2, which is characterized in that in S1, the silicon
Flame retardant viscose fiber is formed by polysilicon acid and viscose glue blending spinning.
4. according to the preparation method of any one of the claim 1-3 carbon-coated nano silicon materials, which is characterized in that in S1 and
In S2, the inert gas is one kind in nitrogen, helium, neon, argon gas.
5. according to the preparation method of any one of the claim 1-4 carbon-coated nano silicon materials, which is characterized in that in S1
In, during heating, 500-1000 DEG C is warming up to the heating rate of 1-10 DEG C/min;The time of isothermal reaction is 0.1-
10h。
6. according to the preparation method of any one of the claim 1-5 carbon-coated nano silicon materials, which is characterized in that in S2
In, the weight ratio of carbon coating earth silicon material and magnesium powder is 1:1-5.
7. according to the preparation method of any one of the claim 1-6 carbon-coated nano silicon materials, which is characterized in that in S2
In, during heating, 500-1000 DEG C is warming up to the heating rate of 1-10 DEG C/min;The time of isothermal reaction is 0.1-
10h。
8. according to the preparation method of any one of the claim 1-7 carbon-coated nano silicon materials, which is characterized in that in S2
In, further include with acid solution wash after the cooling period and drying after being washed with water;Preferably, a concentration of 0.1- of the acid solution
1mol/L;Preferably, the acid solution is hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid solution;Preferably, the drying is in natural environment, baking oven, training
Support case, vacuum drying chamber, a kind of middle progress in Muffle furnace drying.
9. a kind of carbon-coated nano silicon materials, which is characterized in that using the carbon-coated nano as described in any one of claim 1-8
The preparation method of silicon materials is prepared.
10. a kind of application of carbon-coated nano silicon materials as claimed in claim 9 in lithium ion battery negative material.
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