CN108593708B - Testing device and evaluation method for cool function of fabric - Google Patents
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- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 160
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013100 final test Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000004243 sweat Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/20—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
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Abstract
The invention relates to a test device and an evaluation method for a cooling function of a textile fabric. The testing device comprises a testing environment constant temperature and humidity box, an experiment table, a host and a computer. The constant temperature and humidity box consists of a refrigerating system, a humidifying system and a heating temperature control system; the laboratory bench comprises a test board, a heating plate and a surrounding protection heat insulation plate, wherein the test board is provided with a temperature sensor; the host computer comprises a built-in silicon controlled rectifier regulating heater and a data acquisition system. The method for testing the cooling function of the fabric mainly comprises the test of a dry-wet temperature rise curve of the fabric. The invention can comprehensively characterize the cooling performance of the fabric, including the cooling functions of heat transfer, moisture diffusion/evaporation heat dissipation, phase change heat absorption and the like of the fabric.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a test device for a cooling function of a fabric and a cooling evaluation method of the fabric based on the test device, and belongs to the field of textile detection.
Background
With the improvement of living standard of people, the seasonality, the functionality and the comfort of clothes are greatly concerned. The clothes need to be heated, warm and comfortable in winter, and the clothes need to meet the functional requirements of moisture absorption, quick drying, cooling and heat dissipation in summer. The fabric has good heat conduction, high moisture conduction and dissipation, phase change heat storage and other properties, and is beneficial to realizing a good cooling function. The good heat-conducting property of the fabric enables the heat generated by the human body to be quickly conducted to the outside; the rapid evaporation of moisture after the human body sweats can take away a large amount of heat to achieve the purpose of cooling; the phase-change material is directly added or embedded into the fabric in a post-finishing mode in the fiber spinning process, so that the fabric begins to change phase and absorb heat to reduce the temperature when the temperature of a human body reaches a certain temperature range. The reasonable and effective cooling function detection method is a necessary means for evaluating the cooling function of the fabric, and is beneficial to the design and development of the cooling fabric. However, at present, the evaluation of fabric cooling function does not form a uniform detection method and standard.
At present, the evaluation standard (GBT 35263-. The test method mainly represents the instantaneous maximum heat flow of the fabric, is closely related to the heat conducting performance of the fabric, is only suitable for the instantaneous cool feeling of the fabric in a dry state when the skin of a human body and the fabric have obvious temperature difference, and cannot reflect the cool function of the fabric in the actual wearing process.
The heat-conducting property of the fabric is usually tested by a flat plate method (GB/T11048-2008, ISO11092 and ASTM F1868), indexes such as heat resistance, wet resistance, heat conductivity coefficient and the like of the fabric can be represented, the test method can only test the thermal property index of the fabric reaching a steady state, has a certain difference with actual wearing of clothes, is only suitable for rough description of the dry cooling property of the fabric, and cannot reflect the dynamic heat transfer property of the fabric.
The liquid moisture transfer performance and moisture absorption quick-drying performance of the fabric are tested by a plurality of methods (GB/T21655.1-2008, GB/T21655.2-2009, AATCC79 and the like), and the methods mainly represent the diffusion, transfer and wicking of moisture and the moisture permeability of the fabric. Such methods are primarily useful for the evaluation of the moisture transfer properties of fabrics. And the moisture dissipates heat and reduces the temperature in the process of evaporation, diffusion or transmission, thereby having the cooling function. The faster the moisture evaporation rate, diffusion rate, transfer rate, etc. of the fabric, the better the cooling performance, and such methods are only suitable for qualitative and quantitative characterization of the wet cooling performance of the fabric to a certain extent, and cannot completely reflect the cooling function of the fabric.
The test of the cooling function of the phase-change temperature-regulating fabric generally uses differential scanning calorimetry to test the temperature-regulating performance of the textile with the phase-change function, and the cooling and temperature-regulating functions of the fabric are represented by the enthalpy value. The larger the enthalpy value is, the better the fabric cooling and temperature adjusting functions are; the smaller the enthalpy, the less its cooling and tempering function is. The method can quantitatively predict the temperature adjusting function of the phase-change temperature-adjusting fabric, and cannot represent the temperature reducing effect of the textile garment in the actual wearing process.
A Chinese invention patent with the patent number ZL 200910273121.2 discloses a fabric contact cold feeling testing device and a testing method, and a Chinese invention patent with the patent number ZL 201510574661.X discloses a hot-flow fabric cold feeling testing device and a testing method, which relate to a fabric cold feeling testing method. The Chinese patent with the patent number ZL 201110096313.8 discloses a fabric thermal and wet resistance tester, and the Chinese patent with the patent number CN201610298557.7 discloses an experimental test system and method for thermal resistance of protective clothing, and invents a test method for thermal resistance and thermal conductivity, and the two patents represent the heat transfer performance of fabrics by the thermal resistance and the thermal conductivity. The above two methods are only used for evaluating the heat transfer cool feeling of the fabric in a dry state. In hot summer or hot environment, a large amount of sweat can be generated by human bodies, and the moisture conducting and heat dissipating performance of the fabric is also an important index for evaluating cool fabrics.
The fabric cooling function test is a necessary means for evaluating the fabric cooling function, the existing fabric cooling function evaluation method mainly comprises two evaluation modes of fabric cold feeling (instant maximum heat flow/density) and thermal resistance, and the two evaluation modes are only suitable for evaluating the fabric dry-state heat transfer performance and can represent the instant contact cold feeling and the heat conduction performance of the fabric.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a test device and an evaluation method based on fabric dry-state and wet-state cooling functions, which can be used for comprehensively evaluating the cooling functions of fabric such as heat transfer, moisture dissipation, phase change and the like.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is to provide a device for testing fabric cooling function, which is characterized in that: including constant temperature and humidity case, laboratory bench, host computer and computer, wherein:
the experiment table is arranged in the constant temperature and humidity box, the probe is also arranged in the constant temperature and humidity box, the probe is internally provided with a temperature sensor I for detecting the temperature in the constant temperature and humidity box and a humidity sensor for detecting the humidity in the constant temperature and humidity box, the temperature in the constant temperature and humidity box is adjusted by the refrigerating system and the heating temperature control system, and the humidity in the constant temperature and humidity box is adjusted by the humidifying system
The experiment table comprises a test board, a heating plate which is positioned below the test board and clings to the test board, and a protective heat-insulating plate which surrounds the test board and the heating plate, wherein the tested fabric covers the test board, and a second temperature sensor is arranged between the test board and the tested fabric;
the main machine is internally provided with a silicon controlled rectifier regulating heater and a data acquisition system, the silicon controlled rectifier regulating heater is used for heating the heating plate at a set constant power, and the data acquisition system is used for acquiring the temperature of the temperature sensor II in real time;
the temperature sensor I, the humidity sensor, the refrigerating system, the heating temperature control system, the humidifying system, the silicon controlled rectifier regulating heater and the temperature sensor II are all connected with a computer.
The invention also provides a method for characterizing the cooling function of the fabric, which is mainly used for testing the temperature rise curve of the fabric and comprises the step of testing the dry state (standard environment is flat)Equilibrium or absolutely dry state) and wet (containing a certain amount of moisture) temperature rise curve of the fabric. The dry temperature rise curve test can represent the heat conductivity of the fabric, and the time t when the fabric reaches the same temperature under the same test conditiondThe longer the fabric is heated, or the lower the fabric surface temperature is in the same heating time, the better the heat-conducting property or the phase-change heat-storage property is. The wet temperature rise curve can comprehensively represent the cool performance of the fabric after human body sweating, including heat conduction, moisture dissipation and heat dissipation of the fabric, and phase change (water evaporation phase change and phase change function textile phase change material phase change) heat absorption, and under the same test condition, the time t when the fabric reaches the same temperaturewThe longer, or the lower the surface temperature of the fabric for the same heating time, the better the cooling performance of the fabric after perspiration of a human body. The difference curve T (T) T of the real-time dry temperature and the real-time wet temperature of the fabricd(t)-Tw(T) the fast-drying and cooling function of the fabric can be characterized, the peak value T of the T (T) curvemaxThe larger the value, the better the dewetting cooling performance of the fabric.
Characterized in that the characterization method comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: pretreatment of fabrics to be tested
(a) And (3) dry state testing: placing the fabric to be measured in a constant temperature and humidity environment with standard temperature and humidity for balancing for 24 hours to ensure that the fabric reaches heat and humidity balance; (b) and (3) wet state testing: testing the mass m of the tested fabric after drying, completely immersing the tested fabric into tertiary water until the fabric is saturated with water, extruding the water out of the tested fabric after water absorption by using a roller under a certain pressure until the tested fabric is in a water-dripping-free state, and then placing the tested fabric in a standard environment to evaporate and diffuse the water until the mass of the tested fabric is m + m1, wherein m1 can be set according to the type of the tested fabric even if the tested fabric contains water with the mass of m 1;
the second step is that: test equipment debug preheat
Setting the constant temperature and humidity box as the standard environment temperature and humidity, or setting the temperature and humidity of the constant temperature and humidity box according to the experiment requirements; setting the temperature of the test plate to an initial temperature;
the third step: sample testing
Opening a constant temperature and humidity box, horizontally placing a tested fabric on a test board, quickly clamping a fabric clamp, closing the constant temperature and humidity box, heating the test board by a controllable silicon regulating heater at constant power, collecting data of the temperature of the contact surface of the tested fabric and the test board along with time change, and finishing the test when the temperature rises to a set test temperature;
the fourth step: data processing
(a) And (3) dry and wet temperature rise data processing: storing dry and wet fabric surface temperature-time data recorded by a data acquisition system respectively; averaging the data collected per second:
wherein,
mean temperature value of fabric surface, T, in period iijA fabric surface temperature for the j-th second of period i, j 1, 2.. 10; the time t required for the dry and wet heating curves to reach a certain temperatured、twThe longer the heating rate is, the slower the heating rate is, the better the cooling function is;
(b) and (3) dry and wet temperature difference data processing: calculating the temperature difference T of dry and wet temperature rise time periodsi＝Tdi-TwiWherein, TiThe difference between the dry and wet fabric surface temperatures at time i, TdiIs the dry fabric surface temperature at time i, TwiThe surface temperature of the wet fabric at the moment i; maximum temperature difference T of fabric in dry and wet statesmaxThe larger the size, the better the quick-drying performance and the cooling function in a wet state.
Preferably, in the second step, in order to reduce errors of the testing equipment, the temperature of the testing board is raised to the testing final temperature before testing, and then is reduced to the initial temperature.
Compared with the existing test equipment and test method, the invention has the advantages that:
1) compared with the existing fabric cool feeling test equipment, the equipment is additionally provided with the silicon controlled rectifier regulating heater to control the heating power of the heating plate, the tested fabric is heated by the set constant power or the constant-speed increasing and decreasing power, the process that a human body continuously emits heat in the motion process is simulated, and the dynamic process of heat and moisture conduction and diffusion of the fabric can be tested.
2) Compared with the existing fabric cool feeling function evaluation method, the test method can simultaneously test the dry-state and wet-state heat conduction and radiation performances of the fabric, and can comprehensively represent the cool performance of the fabric, including the cool functions of heat transfer, moisture diffusion/evaporation radiation, phase change heat absorption and the like of the fabric.
3) The difference curve T (T) T of the real-time dry temperature and the real-time wet temperature of the fabricd(t)-Tw(T) the fast-drying and dewetting cooling effect of the fabric can be characterized, the peak T of the T (T) curvemaxThe larger the value, the better the dewetting cooling performance of the fabric.
4) The test is simple and convenient to operate, and can save a large amount of test time (thermal resistance, instant contact cool feeling, moisture evaporation rate and the like) for evaluating the comprehensive cool performance of the fabric.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fabric surface temperature testing device of the testing method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of dry temperature rise of a test fabric sample according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the wet rise of a test fabric sample according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of temperature difference between wet and dry states according to an embodiment of the present invention;
description of the labeling: 1-constant temperature and humidity chamber; 2-a laboratory bench; 3-a host; 4-a computer; 5-a refrigeration system; 6-a humidifying system; 7-heating temperature control system; 8-a probe; 9-test board; 10-heating plate; 11-protective insulation board; 12-a temperature sensor; 13-fabric clips; 14-the fabric under test; 15-a thyristor regulated heater; 16-data acquisition system.
Detailed Description
In order that the invention may be more readily understood, a preferred embodiment thereof will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the device for testing the cooling function of a fabric provided by the invention comprises a constant temperature and humidity chamber 1, a laboratory table 2, a host 3 and a computer 4, wherein:
the experiment table 2 is arranged in the constant temperature and humidity box 1, the probe 8 is further arranged in the constant temperature and humidity box 1, the probe 8 is internally provided with a temperature sensor I for detecting the temperature in the constant temperature and humidity box 1 and a humidity sensor for detecting the humidity in the constant temperature and humidity box 1, the temperature in the constant temperature and humidity box 1 is adjusted by the refrigerating system 5 and the heating temperature control system 7, and the humidity in the constant temperature and humidity box 1 is adjusted by the humidifying system 6
The experiment table 2 comprises a test board 9, a heating plate 10 which is positioned below the test board 9 and is tightly attached to the test board 9, and a protective heat-insulating plate 11 which surrounds the test board 9 and the heating plate 10, wherein a tested fabric 14 covers the test board 9, and a second temperature sensor 12 is arranged between the test board 9 and the tested fabric 14;
a silicon controlled regulation heater 15 and a data acquisition system 16 are arranged in the host 3, the silicon controlled regulation heater 15 is used for heating the heating plate 10 at a set constant power, and the data acquisition system 16 is used for acquiring the temperature of the second temperature sensor 12 in real time;
the first temperature sensor, the humidity sensor, the refrigerating system 5, the heating and temperature control system 7, the humidifying system 6, the silicon controlled rectifier adjusting heater 15 and the second temperature sensor 12 are all connected with the computer 4.
The method for testing the cooling function of the fabric comprises the following steps:
1. test preparation
The fabric 14 to be tested is pretreated. (a) And (3) dry state testing: placing the fabric 14 to be tested in a constant temperature and humidity chamber with standard temperature and humidity (relative humidity (65 +/-1)%, temperature (20 +/-1) ° c) for balancing for 24 hours to ensure that the fabric 14 to be tested reaches heat and humidity balance; (b) and (3) wet state testing: and (3) the mass m of the dried fabric 14 to be tested is m, the fabric to be tested is completely immersed in tertiary water until the fabric absorbs water and is saturated, a roller is used for extruding the water out of the fabric after absorbing the water under certain pressure to a water-dripping-free state, and then the fabric is placed in a standard environment to evaporate and diffuse the water until the fabric mass is m +10g, namely the fabric 14 to be tested uniformly contains 10g of water.
And debugging and preheating the test equipment. Setting the temperature and humidity of a constant temperature and humidity box 1 as the standard environment temperature and humidity ((65 +/-1)% RH, (20 +/-1) ° C), and setting the temperature of a test board 9 to be 25 ℃; in order to reduce the error of the testing equipment, the temperature of the testing board 9 is raised to the final testing temperature before testing, and then the testing board is cooled and preheated to 25 ℃.
2. Testing
After the test equipment is preheated, the constant temperature and humidity box 1 is opened, the fabric 14 to be tested is horizontally placed on the test board 9, the fabric 14 to be tested is rapidly clamped, and the constant temperature and humidity box 1 is closed.
And (3) opening a heating button of the testing equipment, heating the testing plate 9 at constant power, collecting the data of the temperature of the contact surface of the tested fabric 14 and the testing plate 9 along with the time change, and finishing the test when the temperature rises to the set testing temperature.
3. Data processing
And (3) dry and wet temperature rise data processing:
the dry and wet fabric surface temperature-time data recorded by the data acquisition system 16 are stored separately.
Averaging the data collected per second:
wherein,
is the average temperature value of the fabric surface in the period i, TijA fabric surface temperature for the j-th second of period i, j 1, 2.. 10; the time t required for the dry and wet heating curves to reach a certain temperatured、twThe longer the warming rate, the slower the cooling function.
And (3) dry and wet temperature difference data processing:
calculating the temperature difference T of dry and wet temperature rise time periodsi＝Tdi-TwiWherein, TiThe difference between the dry and wet fabric surface temperatures at time i, TdiIs the dry fabric surface temperature at time i, TwiThe surface temperature of the wet fabric at the moment i; maximum temperature difference T of fabric in dry and wet statesmaxThe larger the size, the better the quick-drying performance and the cooling function in a wet state.
The above test method was used to test the dry and wet heating rates of three fabrics, respectively, wherein the wet condition was measuredThe test fabric contained 10g of water. Observing the time t required for the fabric to heat from 25 ℃ dry state to 40 ℃ wet statedAnd twTo find out the maximum value T of the dry-wet temperature differencemaxAnd comprehensively evaluating the cooling function of the fabric.
The following table shows the real-time temperature and dry-wet temperature difference data of every 30s in the dry-state and wet-state heating processes of three fabrics:
the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. It should be understood that this example is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. A method for characterizing the cooling function of a fabric, comprising the steps of:
the first step is as follows: pretreatment of fabrics to be tested
(a) And (3) dry state testing: placing the fabric (14) to be measured in a constant temperature and humidity environment with standard temperature and humidity for balancing for 24 hours to ensure that the fabric reaches heat and humidity balance; (b) and (3) wet state testing: testing the mass m of the tested fabric (14) after drying, completely immersing the tested fabric (14) in tertiary water until the fabric is saturated with water, squeezing out the water of the tested fabric (14) after water absorption to be in a water-dripping-free state by using a roller under certain pressure, and then placing the tested fabric (14) in a standard environment to evaporate and diffuse the water to the mass m + m1 of the tested fabric (14), wherein m1 can be set according to the type of the tested fabric even if the tested fabric (14) uniformly contains water with the mass m 1;
the second step is that: test equipment debug preheat
Setting the constant temperature and humidity box (1) as the standard environment temperature and humidity, or setting the temperature and humidity of the constant temperature and humidity box (1) according to the experiment requirement; setting the temperature of the test plate (9) to an initial temperature;
the third step: sample testing
Opening a constant temperature and humidity box (1), horizontally placing a tested fabric (14) on a test board (9), quickly clamping a fabric clamp (13), closing the constant temperature and humidity box (1), heating the test board (9) at constant power through a silicon controlled rectifier regulating heater (15), collecting data of the temperature of the contact surface of the tested fabric (14) and the test board (9) along with the time change, and finishing the test when the temperature is raised to a set test temperature;
the fourth step: data processing
(a) And (3) dry and wet temperature rise data processing: storing dry and wet fabric surface temperature-time data recorded by a data acquisition system (16) respectively; averaging the data collected per second:
wherein,
is the average temperature value of the fabric surface in the period i, TijFabric surface temperature for the j-th second of period i, j-1, 2 … … 10; the time t required for the dry and wet heating curves to reach a certain temperatured、twThe longer the heating rate is, the slower the heating rate is, the better the cooling function is;
(b) and (3) dry and wet temperature difference data processing: calculating the temperature difference T of dry and wet temperature rise time periodsi＝Tdi-TwiWherein, TiThe difference between the dry and wet fabric surface temperatures at time i, TdiIs the dry fabric surface temperature at time i, TwiThe surface temperature of the wet fabric at the moment i; maximum temperature difference T of fabric in dry and wet statesmaxThe larger the size, the better the quick-drying performance and the cooling function in a wet state.
2. A method for characterizing the cooling function of a fabric as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, in said second step, the temperature of said test board (9) is raised to the final test temperature before the test and then lowered to the initial temperature in order to reduce the error of the test equipment.
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| CN109632563B (en) * | 2019-01-09 | 2021-11-19 | 东华大学 | Floating type textile moisture dissipation rate testing device and method |
| CN113533417B (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2022-10-14 | 广西壮族自治区建筑科学研究设计院 | Method for testing heat preservation effect of reflective heat insulation coating heat preservation daub composite heat preservation system |
| CN114994119B (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2023-05-12 | 江苏中纺联检验技术服务有限公司 | Textile instant contact cool feeling energy testing equipment and testing method thereof |
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