CN108571360A - 一种用于二甲醚发动机的scr尿素喷射*** - Google Patents

一种用于二甲醚发动机的scr尿素喷射*** Download PDF

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CN108571360A
CN108571360A CN201810658598.1A CN201810658598A CN108571360A CN 108571360 A CN108571360 A CN 108571360A CN 201810658598 A CN201810658598 A CN 201810658598A CN 108571360 A CN108571360 A CN 108571360A
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urea
tank
dimethyl ether
pressure
control unit
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吴君华
汪小杰
常锐
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Nanjing Beierbang Environmental Protection Technology Co Ltd
Nanjing Forestry University
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Nanjing Beierbang Environmental Protection Technology Co Ltd
Nanjing Forestry University
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Priority to CN201810658598.1A priority Critical patent/CN108571360A/zh
Publication of CN108571360A publication Critical patent/CN108571360A/zh
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1446—Means for damping of pressure fluctuations in the delivery system, e.g. by puffer volumes or throttling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/148—Arrangement of sensors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于二甲醚发动机的SCR尿素喷射***，属于内燃机废气净化***。它包括二甲醚燃料罐、减压阀、尿素罐、尿素罐开关阀、尿素喷嘴、电控单元等；利用二甲醚燃料的饱和蒸汽压给尿素罐加压，调节减压阀，使尿素罐内的压力恒定，在尿素罐和尿素喷嘴之间的连接管路上装有尿素罐开关阀，由电控单元发指令控制尿素喷嘴的开启时间，使设定量的尿素溶液喷入到发动机的排气管内。该***结构简单、压力稳定，喷射计量精度高，省去了尿素泵，大幅度降低了SCR尿素喷射***的成本。

Description

一种用于二甲醚发动机的SCR尿素喷射***
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于二甲醚发动机的SCR尿素喷射***，更具体地说，涉及一种用于降低二甲醚发动机NOx排放的选择性催化还原*** (Selective CatalystReduction),它属于内燃机废气净化***。
背景技术
二甲醚是近年来新出现的汽车代用燃料。二甲醚(Dimethyl ether)，简称DME,它的化学分子式为CH3-O- CH3，二甲醚是一种无色略带气味的气体，沸点为-24.9℃，环境温度下的饱和蒸汽压为0.51MPa。二甲醚的十六烷值大于55，高于柴油，具有良好的自燃特性，非常适合于压燃式发动机。由于DME分子中氧的重量百分比为34.8%，没有C-C键，二甲醚作为压燃式发动机的燃料燃烧时几乎没有碳烟排放。二甲醚发动机的NOX排放也比同等配置的柴油机显著降低，配置传统机械柱塞泵的二甲醚发动机排放可轻松达到国Ⅲ排放标准，在二甲醚发动机上匹配降低NOx排放的选择性催化还原（SCR）尿素***，则可实现国Ⅳ及以上的排放达标。
SCR技术是降低柴油机NOx排放的一种非常有效的途径。发动机SCR后处理技术是将还原剂尿素水溶液喷入到发动机排气中，在废气温度和气流的作用下，尿素溶液能快速水解释放出氨，将NOX还原成为氮气，达到降低NOX的效果。尿素水溶液由于具有性能稳定、化学反应简单、所需还原剂相对量少等优点而得到人们的推广和使用。
现有技术中西门子公司的US6273120B1专利说明书公布了一种采用尿素泵给尿素溶液增加压力的技术，将尿素溶液的压力提高，在空气辅助下进行喷射。另一项已经公知的技术是美国通用环球科技运作公司的发明专利CN1935335A，该专利公开了一种采用尿素泵给尿素水溶液加压，同时采用加热器对加压的尿素水溶液进行加热，将加热、加压的尿素溶液喷射到排气流中，实现尿素溶液的快速雾化。
现有技术的不足是由于采用尿素泵来给尿素水溶液加压、并通过压力控制装置来调节压力、稳压装置来控制压力波动，***控制过程较复杂，零部件太多，加工成本高。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种新的用于二甲醚发动机的SCR尿素喷射***，简化喷射***，大幅度降低喷射***的成本。
本发明所采用的技术方案是：设计一种用于二甲醚发动机的SCR尿素喷射***，它包括二甲醚燃料罐、减压阀、尿素罐、尿素罐开关阀、尿素喷嘴、电控单元等，其特性在于：利用二甲醚燃料的饱和蒸汽压给尿素罐加压，调节减压阀，使尿素罐内的压力恒定，在尿素罐和尿素喷嘴之间的连接管路上装有尿素罐开关阀，由电控单元发指令控制尿素喷嘴的开启时间，使设定量的尿素溶液喷入到发动机的排气管内。尿素罐为压力容器，容积在35L左右；在尿素罐上安装有压力传感器，测量尿素溶液的压力并反馈给电控单元；在尿素罐上装有温度传感器，测量尿素溶液的温度并反馈给电控单元；在尿素罐上还装有液位传感器，测量尿素溶液的液位高度。
本发明的优点和有益效果是：首先，由于SCR尿素喷射***中采用二甲醚燃料罐5和减压阀7来控制***的压力，所以能使尿素喷嘴15入口处的压力稳定，显著地减小了尿素溶液脉冲喷射造成的管内压力波，消除了不稳定压力波对尿素喷嘴15喷射量的不利影响，从而显著地提高了尿素溶液喷射量的计量准确性和稳定性。其次，***结构大为简化，省去的SCR尿素***常用的尿素泵，***成本大幅度降低，又可由电控单元发指令决定尿素喷嘴的开启时间来控制尿素溶液的喷射，从而实现***的优化控制。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
图1是本发明的***示意图。
图中5、二甲醚燃料罐，6、充液阀，7、减压阀，8、电控单元，9、压力传感器，10、液位传感器，11、温度传感器，12、尿素罐，13、尿素罐开关阀，14、过滤器，15、尿素喷嘴，16、排气管。
具体实施方式
本发明所述的一种用于二甲醚发动机的SCR尿素喷射***，其实施例的工作原理如图1所示。尿素溶液储存在尿素溶液罐12中，在二甲醚饱和蒸汽压的作用下，溶液经尿素罐开关阀13和过滤器14流入尿素喷嘴15。本实施例中的尿素罐12为压力容器，容积在35L左右；尿素罐12上布置有压力传感器9，测量尿素溶液的压力并反馈给电控单元；在尿素罐上还装有液位传感器10，测量尿素溶液的液位高度；在尿素罐上装有温度传感器11，测量尿素溶液的温度并反馈给电控单元。
尿素喷嘴15为高速电磁阀，它的启闭由电控单元控制，进行喷射，通过控制尿素喷嘴的开启时间来决定尿素溶液的喷射量。
本***中压力传感器9、温度传感器11测得的信号和发动机上测得的油温、水温、负荷、转速等各种信号一起传输给发动机电控单元（ECU）。然后再根据电控单元输出的控制信号调节减压阀7的开度，控制尿素喷嘴15的喷射次数与喷射量。本发明中尿素喷射***的控制装置和控制方法属于现有技术，因此在本说明书中不再详细说明。

Claims (3)

1.一种用于二甲醚发动机的SCR尿素喷射***，它包括二甲醚燃料罐、减压阀、尿素罐、尿素罐开关阀、尿素喷嘴、电控单元等，其特性在于：利用二甲醚燃料的饱和蒸汽压给尿素罐加压，调节减压阀，使尿素罐内的压力恒定，在尿素罐和尿素喷嘴之间的连接管路上装有尿素罐开关阀，由电控单元发指令控制尿素喷嘴的开启时间，使设定量的尿素溶液喷入到发动机的排气管内。
2.据权利要求1所述的一种用于二甲醚发动机的SCR尿素喷射***，其特征是尿素罐为压力容器，容积在35L左右；在尿素罐上安装有压力传感器，测量尿素溶液的压力并反馈给电控单元；在尿素罐上装有温度传感器，测量尿素溶液的温度并反馈给电控单元；在尿素罐上还装有液位传感器，测量尿素溶液的液位高度。
3.据权利要求1所述的一种用于二甲醚发动机的SCR尿素喷射***，其特征是其中二甲醚燃料罐减压阀的开度由电控单元控制。
CN201810658598.1A 2018-06-25 2018-06-25 一种用于二甲醚发动机的scr尿素喷射*** Pending CN108571360A (zh)

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