CN108569768B - Method for preparing constructed wetland substrate from corn straws - Google Patents
Method for preparing constructed wetland substrate from corn straws Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing an artificial wetland matrix from corn straws. Firstly, removing leaves of harvested maize straws, airing the maize straws until the water content is lower than 15%, then carrying out skin-stalk separation, respectively crushing skins and stalks into different specifications, then carbonizing the skins and the stalks at different temperatures, soaking the skins and the stalks in water after carbonization, then carrying out low-temperature activation, and adding coarse sand with the particle size of 0.5-1 mm into the activated straw-stalk-based activated carbon to prepare a matrix block. The substrate block is used for the artificial wetland, and the straw skin-based activated carbon is placed on the top of the artificial wetland. The prepared artificial wetland substrate has the advantages of reproducibility and good effect of purifying domestic sewage, and the waste substrate completing the service cycle can be used for preparing organic fertilizers, so that the resource utilization rate is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental ecology in environmental science and engineering, in particular to a method for preparing an artificial wetland matrix from corn straws.
Background
Along with the development of economy and improvement of urbanization level in China, the urban domestic sewage production amount in China is large and is increased year by year. The industrial method for purifying the domestic sewage has high cost, and the purified sludge is difficult to treat, thereby not only polluting the environment, but also having high treatment cost. The artificial wetland realizes the high-efficiency purification of the domestic sewage through the matrix absorption, the plant adsorption and the microbial decomposition, and simultaneously generates a certain landscape effect. The artificial wetland has low cost for treating domestic sewage, can generate biomass energy, and effectively utilizes nitrogen and phosphorus in the sewage.
At present, domestic sewage is mainly purified by constructed industrial equipment, the operation cost is high, the generated sludge is difficult to dehydrate, organic pollutants in the sewage are difficult to effectively utilize, and the resource utilization rate is low. The artificial wetland has low cost for treating domestic sewage, and organic matters can be fully absorbed by plants to obtain biomass energy. After the artificial wetland is actually operated for a period of time, the artificial wetland matrix is blocked by pollutants in the sewage, so that the permeability coefficient of the wetland matrix is reduced, the pollutant removal effect of the sewage is greatly reduced, and even the artificial wetland cannot be operated. Therefore, the development and permeation efficiency is high, the blockage is not easy to occur, organic matters in the sewage can be effectively utilized as resources, the operation cost is reduced, and meanwhile, after the artificial wetland substrate is operated for a long time, the artificial wetland substrate can be effectively recycled due to the blockage, so that the artificial wetland substrate is the key of the current artificial wetland research. The research on the artificial wetland substrate has important significance for improving the progress of the artificial wetland technology, realizing low-cost domestic sewage treatment, effectively improving the living environment of people and the like. The patents mainly granted or published by the current research on the artificial wetland substrate include: a preparation method of straw-sludge composite-based activated carbon (application patent No. 201310486648.X), a continuous preparation process of activated carbon fiber felt and cloth (application patent No. 201310669204.X), a carbonization method of washing-resistant and high-strength viscose-based activated carbon fiber fabric (application patent No. 201510305767.X), a carbonization method of long-life and high-strength viscose-based activated carbon fiber fabric (application patent No. 10306306383. X), surface nitrogen-rich activated carbon and a preparation method and application thereof (application patent No. 201628079. X), a preparation method of microwave-adaptive composite activated carbon and a microwave regeneration method thereof (application patent No. 200910214233.0), a method for producing porous nano-silica and activated carbon by using rice hull ash (application patent No. 201010231668.9), a method for co-producing rice hull xylose, white carbon black and activated carbon (application patent No. 201010589328.3), and a method for directionally preparing high-specific surface area wood granular activated carbon at low temperature (application patent No. 201110033145.8), A preparation process of low-wind-resistance activated carbon fiber (application patent No. 201110047887.6), a paper-making sludge granular activated carbon filler and a preparation method thereof (application patent No. 201110103056.6), a method for preparing fuel oil recovery special activated carbon by taking mao bamboo leftover as a raw material (application patent No. 201110320478.9), a method for preparing granular activated carbon by taking wood chips as a raw material (application patent No. 201210097738.5), a method for preparing activated carbon by a low-temperature pretreatment phosphoric acid method (application patent No. 201210245657.5) and the like. The patents relate to the artificial wetland substrate preparation methods, and the artificial wetland substrates prepared by the methods have certain advantages and have certain promotion effect on promoting the improvement of the preparation level of the artificial wetland substrates. But the method has one or more defects of complex method, high cost, easy blockage, secondary pollution generation, low resource utilization rate or no resource utilization and the like, so the popularization and the application are difficult. Therefore, the development of a method for manufacturing artificial wetland, which is simple, has low manufacturing cost and renewable materials and can realize resource utilization after sewage treatment, has important practical significance for promoting the improvement of the construction level of the artificial wetland and the progress of the domestic sewage treatment technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing artificial wetland substrates by straws, which realizes the renewability of the artificial wetland substrate preparation materials, reduces the manufacturing cost of the artificial wetland substrates, improves the sewage purification effect of the artificial wetland, and simultaneously realizes the complete resource utilization of the artificial wetland substrates; the method has simple process and higher popularization and application value.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for preparing constructed wetland substrate by corn stalks is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises six steps of airing, crushing, carbonizing, activating at low temperature, blending matrix and preparing matrix blocks. Firstly, removing leaves of harvested maize straws, airing the maize straws until the water content is lower than 15%, and then separating skin from stalks; secondly, crushing the peeled corn stalks to three particle size ranges of 1-5 mm, 5-8 mm and 8-12 mm, wherein the crushed length of the peeled straw skin is 5-10 mm, and the width of the peeled straw skin is less than 5 mm; thirdly, carbonizing the crushed corn straw stalk particles at 225-255 ℃ for 80-100 min, and carbonizing the crushed straw skin particles at 400-450 ℃ for 45-55 min; fourthly, soaking the carbonized corn straw stalk-based activated carbon and straw skin-based activated carbon for 18-26 hours, and then carrying out low-temperature activation on the saturated matrix for 2-3 days in a frozen swelling manner at the temperature of-25 to-35 ℃; fifthly, mixing the activated straw stalk-based activated carbon with different particle sizes, and simultaneously adding coarse sand with the particle size of 0.5-1 mm accounting for 35-45% of the total mass into the mixture for fully stirring and mixing; and sixthly, compressing the mixed matrix under high pressure to prepare the artificial wetland matrix block.
The peeling thickness is 0.8-1.2 mm, the prepared straw skin-based activated carbon is laid on the top surface of an artificial wetland substrate consisting of artificial wetland substrate blocks prepared from the straw stalk-based activated carbon and coarse sand mixture after being activated at low temperature, and the laying thickness is 10-20 mm.
The mixing ratio of the corn straw-based active carbon particles with the peeled particle diameters of 1-5 mm, 5-8 mm and 8-12 mm is 10-15%: 25-35%: 50-65%.
When the permeability coefficient of the prepared artificial wetland substrate is lower than 1.0m/d, taking out the substrate block, and performing aerobic fermentation under ventilation condition to prepare fertilizer, wherein the fermentation temperature is controlled to be above 30 ℃, and the daily ventilation quantity is 1.5-2.0 m3Per ton.
After the artificial wetland matrix after anaerobic fermentation is screened, the oversize material is granulated and air-dried, and the undersize material main component coarse sand is mixed with straw-based activated carbon with different particle sizes again to prepare the artificial wetland matrix block.
The side length of the mixed matrix block is 400-700 mm, the compression strength is 0.35-0.60 MPa, and the strength maintaining time is 10-15 min.
Has the advantages that: the invention can effectively improve the sewage purification effect of the artificial wet substrate and reduce the manufacturing cost of the artificial wet substrate; the invention can realize the complete resource utilization of the constructed wetland substrate and simultaneously solve the problem of constructed wetland blockage; the method is simple, low in cost, long in service life and strong in operability.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the constructed wetland substrate of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention adopts the corn straws to prepare the artificial wetland matrix, realizes the complete resource utilization of the artificial wetland matrix, screens and reuses the coarse sand used for the allocated artificial wetland matrix density after fermentation in order to improve the utilization efficiency of the matrix, adopts the straw skin and the stalk to separately activate and prepare the activated carbon, improves the activation efficiency, saves the energy, simultaneously improves the adsorbability of the activated carbon, and further improves the purification effect and the purification efficiency of the artificial wetland matrix.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are carried out in the following manner:
example 1: preparation of artificial wet land substrate for city park
As shown in figure 1, the method comprises six steps of airing, crushing, carbonizing, activating at low temperature, blending matrix and preparing matrix blocks. Firstly, removing leaves of harvested maize straws, airing the maize straws until the water content is lower than 15%, and then separating skin from stalks; secondly, crushing the peeled corn stalks to three particle size ranges of 1-5 mm, 5-8 mm and 8-12 mm, wherein the crushed length of the peeled straw skin is 5-10 mm, and the width of the peeled straw skin is less than 5 mm; thirdly, carbonizing the crushed corn straw stalk particles at 225 ℃ for 100min, and carbonizing the crushed straw skin particles at 400 ℃ for 55 min; fourthly, soaking the carbonized corn straw stalk-based activated carbon and straw skin-based activated carbon for 18 hours, and then carrying out low-temperature activation on the saturated matrix after the saturated matrix is frozen and swelled at the temperature of-25 ℃ for 3 days; fifthly, mixing the activated straw stalk-based activated carbon with different particle sizes, adding coarse sand with the particle size of 0.5-1 mm accounting for 35% of the total mass of the mixture, and fully stirring and mixing the mixture; and sixthly, compressing the mixed matrix under high pressure to prepare the artificial wetland matrix block.
The peeling thickness is 0.8-1.2 mm, the prepared straw skin-based activated carbon is laid on the top surface of an artificial wetland substrate consisting of artificial wetland substrate blocks prepared from the straw stalk-based activated carbon and coarse sand mixture after being activated at low temperature, and the laying thickness is 10 mm.
The mixing ratio of the corn straw-based active carbon particles with the peeled particle diameters of 1-5 mm, 5-8 mm and 8-12 mm is 10%: 25%: 65 percent.
When the permeability coefficient of the prepared artificial wetland substrate is lower than 1.0m/d, taking out the substrate block, carrying out aerobic fermentation under ventilation condition to prepare fertilizer, controlling the fermentation temperature to be above 30 ℃, and controlling the daily ventilation quantity to be 1.5m3Per ton.
After the artificial wetland matrix after anaerobic fermentation is screened, granulating and air-drying oversize materials, mixing undersize coarse sand with straw-based activated carbon with different particle sizes again to prepare artificial wetland matrix blocks, and realizing the reutilization of the coarse sand.
The side length of the mixed matrix block is 700mm, the compression strength is 0.35MPa, and the strength maintaining time is 10 min.
The constructed wetland substrate prepared by the method meets the three water quality standards of surface water, and has obvious effect.
Example 2: preparation of artificial wet land substrate for sewage treatment
As shown in fig. 1, the method comprises six steps: firstly, removing leaves of harvested maize straws, airing the maize straws until the water content is lower than 15%, and then separating skin from stalks; secondly, crushing the peeled corn stalks to three particle size ranges of 1-5 mm, 5-8 mm and 8-12 mm, wherein the crushed length of the peeled straw skin is 5-10 mm, and the width of the peeled straw skin is less than 5 mm; thirdly, carbonizing the crushed corn stalk particles at 255 ℃ for 80min, and carbonizing the crushed straw skin particles at 450 ℃ for 45 min; fourthly, soaking the carbonized corn straw stalk-based active carbon and straw skin-based active carbon for 26 hours, and then carrying out low-temperature activation on the saturated matrix by frost heaving for 3 days at the temperature of minus 35 ℃; fifthly, mixing the activated straw stalk-based activated carbon with different particle sizes, adding coarse sand with the particle size of 0.5-1 mm accounting for 45% of the total mass of the mixture, and fully stirring and mixing the mixture; and sixthly, compressing the mixed matrix under high pressure to prepare the artificial wetland matrix block.
The peeling thickness is 0.8-1.2 mm, the prepared straw peel activated carbon is placed on the top surface of an artificial wetland substrate consisting of artificial wetland substrate blocks prepared from the straw stalk-based activated carbon and coarse sand mixture after being activated at low temperature, and the laying thickness is 20 mm.
The mixing ratio of the corn straw-based active carbon particles with the peeled particle diameters of 1-5 mm, 5-8 mm and 8-12 mm is 15%: 35%: 50 percent.
When the permeability coefficient of the prepared artificial wetland substrate is lower than 1.0m/d, taking out the substrate block, carrying out aerobic fermentation under ventilation condition to prepare fertilizer, controlling the fermentation temperature to be above 30 ℃, and controlling the daily ventilation quantity to be 2.0m3Per ton.
After the artificial wetland matrix after anaerobic fermentation is screened, granulating and air-drying oversize materials, and mixing undersize coarse sand and straw-based activated carbon with different particle sizes to prepare the artificial wetland matrix block.
The side length of the mixed matrix block is 400mm, the compression strength is 0.60MPa, and the strength maintaining time is 15 min.
By adopting the method, the prepared artificial wetland substrate has obvious effect of purifying the sewage of a sewage plant, and the purified water quality reaches the first-class A standard of pollutant discharge Standard of urban sewage treatment plants (GB 18918-2002), so that the effect is obvious.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for preparing constructed wetland substrate by corn stalks is characterized by comprising the following steps: firstly, removing leaves of harvested maize straws, airing the maize straws until the water content is lower than 15%, and then carrying out skin-stalk separation; secondly, crushing the peeled corn stalks to three particle size ranges of 1-5 mm, 5-8 mm and 8-12 mm, wherein the crushed length of the removed stalk skin is 5-10 mm, and the width of the removed stalk skin is less than 5 mm; thirdly, carbonizing the crushed corn straw stalk particles at 225-255 ℃ for 80-100 min, and carbonizing the crushed straw skin particles at 400-450 ℃ for 45-55 min; fourthly, soaking the carbonized corn straw stalk-based activated carbon and straw skin-based activated carbon for 18-26 hours, and then carrying out low-temperature activation on the saturated matrix for 2-3 days in a frozen swelling manner at the temperature of-25 to-35 ℃; fifthly, mixing the activated straw stalk-based activated carbon with different particle sizes, and simultaneously adding coarse sand with the particle size of 0.5-1 mm accounting for 35-45% of the total mass into the mixture for fully stirring and mixing; sixthly, compressing the mixed matrix under high pressure to prepare an artificial wetland matrix block; the peeling thickness is 0.8-1.2 mm, the prepared straw skin-based activated carbon is laid on the top surface of an artificial wetland substrate consisting of artificial wetland substrate blocks prepared from the straw stalk-based activated carbon and coarse sand mixture after being activated at low temperature, and the laying thickness is 10-20 mm; the mixing ratio of the corn straw-based active carbon particles with the peeled particle diameters of 1-5 mm, 5-8 mm and 8-12 mm is 10-15%:25-35%: 50-65%; when the permeability coefficient of the prepared artificial wetland substrate is lower than 1.0m/d, taking out the substrate block, and performing aerobic fermentation under ventilation condition to prepare fertilizer, wherein the fermentation temperature is controlled to be above 30 ℃, and the daily ventilation quantity is 1.5-2.0 m3Per ton; after the artificial wetland matrix after aerobic fermentation is screened, granulating and air-drying oversize materials, and mixing coarse sand serving as a main component of undersize materials with straw-based activated carbon with different particle sizes again to prepare artificial wetland matrix blocks; the side length of the mixed matrix block is 400-700 mm, the compression strength is 0.35-0.60 MPa, and the strength maintaining time is 10-15 min.
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| CN109626585A (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2019-04-16 | 北京林业大学 | A kind of technology of lakeside zone intensified denitrification and dephosphorization |
| CN111685224B (en) * | 2019-03-14 | 2022-06-21 | 山东康裕生物科技有限公司 | Antibiotic-free feed additive containing antibacterial peptide and preparation method thereof |
| CN111718001A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-09-29 | 北京森淼天成环保科技有限公司 | Preparation method of dephosphorization filler and application of dephosphorization filler in constructed wetland |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102531179A (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2012-07-04 | 北京东溪柳环保工程有限公司 | System and method for stably and efficiently treating sewage of artificial wetland |
| WO2014057102A1 (en) * | 2012-10-12 | 2014-04-17 | Sea Marconi Technologies Di Vander Tumiatti S.A.S. | Process for co-production of bio-energy and products from integrated conversion of biomasses and municipal wastes |
| CN106345407A (en) * | 2016-09-19 | 2017-01-25 | 昆明理工大学 | Preparation method of modified biochar with improved ammonia nitrogen removal ability |
| CN106431555A (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2017-02-22 | 东北师范大学 | Method for preparing methane and organic compound fertilizer from plant straws |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102531179A (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2012-07-04 | 北京东溪柳环保工程有限公司 | System and method for stably and efficiently treating sewage of artificial wetland |
| WO2014057102A1 (en) * | 2012-10-12 | 2014-04-17 | Sea Marconi Technologies Di Vander Tumiatti S.A.S. | Process for co-production of bio-energy and products from integrated conversion of biomasses and municipal wastes |
| CN106431555A (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2017-02-22 | 东北师范大学 | Method for preparing methane and organic compound fertilizer from plant straws |
| CN106345407A (en) * | 2016-09-19 | 2017-01-25 | 昆明理工大学 | Preparation method of modified biochar with improved ammonia nitrogen removal ability |
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