CN108566356A - Electromagnetic wave orbital angular momentum multiplex transmission system based on phase face relaying - Google Patents
Electromagnetic wave orbital angular momentum multiplex transmission system based on phase face relaying Download PDFInfo
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- CN108566356A CN108566356A CN201810401190.6A CN201810401190A CN108566356A CN 108566356 A CN108566356 A CN 108566356A CN 201810401190 A CN201810401190 A CN 201810401190A CN 108566356 A CN108566356 A CN 108566356A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2697—Multicarrier modulation systems in combination with other modulation techniques
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
- H04L27/2649—Demodulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
- H04L27/2655—Synchronisation arrangements
- H04L27/2662—Symbol synchronisation
- H04L27/2663—Coarse synchronisation, e.g. by correlation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
- H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
- H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
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- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Radio Relay Systems (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of electromagnetic wave orbital angular momentum multiplex transmission systems based on phase face relaying, including：Signal transmitting terminal acquires user data, is modulated into the OAM electromagnetic waves of multiple patterns, is sent to signal receiving end；Signal receiving end, including：Multiple relay repeaters, the distributed setting on the annulus of main lobe covering, the reception signal of different location on each relay repeater forwarding phase face annulus, it is independent mutually between the relay repeater, its quantity is no less than the pattern count of OAM electromagnetic waves, and signal is forwarded to central receiver by way of wirelessly or non-wirelessly；Central receiver, including：Second dual-mode antenna receives the signal after multiple relay repeater relay forwardings；Phase face correction module carries out phase face correction to the signal of distributed forwarding；Demodulation module, the signal after being corrected to phase face demodulate.Above system can realize the electromagnetic wave orbital angular momentum transmission of long range, large capacity, spectral efficient.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wireless communication technology fields, more particularly, to a kind of electromagnetic wave rail based on phase face relaying
Road angular momentum multiplex transmission system.
Background technology
Electromagnetic wave orbital angular momentum (Orbital Angular Momentum, OAM) is electromagnetic wave build-in attribute and area
Another important physical amount not except traditional wave frequency, electric field strength etc., be otherwise known as " vortex electromagnetic wave ",
Phase face and direction of propagation out of plumb, are presented spiral distribution.It hangs down with the direction of propagation in the conventional plane wave phase face of generally use
Directly, therefore do not have orbital angular momentum.
The initial research of orbital angular momentum concentrates on optics aspect, and Allen et al. was based on Maxwell equation in 1992
Group has derived the orbital angular momentum expression formula of light, and has carried out experimental verification 1994 later, to evoke in academia
Great waves, have caused extensive concern.Since the Marconi epoch, amplitude, frequency and the phase information of electromagnetic wave have become
The main means of transmission data.Wherein, the speed of electromagnetic wave amplitude variation can use frequency representation, and amplitude is sent out at what time
Changing can be then indicated with phase.Until today, using the amplitude of electromagnetic wave, frequency and phase as information carrier
Transmission mode does not change always, develop and it is continually changing be on the basis of these limited physical quantitys, in conjunction with difference
System carry out the mathematic(al) manipulations of various complexity, various transform domains also come into being, this is also signal and system subject
Essence.
There are many potential application values of aspect in another typical physical amounts of the OAM as electromagnetic wave.It is led in space propagation
Domain, the electromagnetic wave with different OAM is mutually orthogonal in space propagation, these different OAM are also called electromagnetism wave trajectory angular motion
The different mode of amount is multiplexed by different OAM electromagnetic waves, spectrum efficiency when electromagnetic communication can be greatly improved.In day
In terms of literature, it can utilize the electromagnetic wave with OAM that the detection to ionosphere vortex characteristic may be implemented.It is led in microcosmic particle
Domain, the light wave with OAM can form optical wrench, realize rotation and manipulation to microcosmic particle.And in terms of radar detection,
The helical form wavefront of OAM forms distinctive phase gradient.When irradiating complex target, the same frequency electromagnetic waves tool of different OAM pattern counts
It is that diversity reception creates condition to have the reflection signal of different Radar Cross Sections (RCS), the physical characteristic.With track angle
The electromagnetic wave of momentum has significant difference with conventional plane electromagnetic wave, it allows people that can remove understanding electricity from a new visual angle
Magnetic wave transmits into row information in application electromagnetic wave and target acquisition field all has great value.
In recent years, OAM is in the ascendant in transmission and the research of the communications field, and 2007, B, Thid é et al. passed through antenna array
The numerical simulation of row, which demonstrates low-frequency electromagnetic wave (frequency is less than 1GHz), can equally generate orbital angular momentum.2010,
How S.M.Mohammadi generates and detect different OAM electromagnetic waves using circular antenna array if being discussed.It analyzes in detail
The influence to OAM electromagenetic wave radiation figures such as aerial array radius, oscillator number, frequency.Analyze existing electromagnetic wave OAM transmission modes
It can find：With the increase of OAM numbers, OAM electromagnetic wave divergents angle increases, and the electromagnetic wave beam sent out from the first dual-mode antenna is at cone
Shape.Transmission range is longer, and wave beam more dissipates.2014, Yan Yan et al. were multiple in 2.5m distances using all phase face method of reseptance
With eight road 28GHz frequency points signals (the 2 kinds of polarization of 4 kinds of OAM patterns and each pattern) are transmitted, transmission rate reaches 32Gbps, frequency
Spectrum efficiency reaches 16bit/s/Hz.2016, G.Rossella et al. was based on CDAA circularly disposed antenna array, using connecing for all phase surface sample
Vision signal of debit's formula in 40m Distance Transmissions two-way VHF wave bands.2016, Zhang Xianmin seminars of Zhejiang University were using complete
For phase face method of reseptance in the OAM signals of 4 road 10GHz frequency points of 10m Distance Transmissions, spectrum efficiency reaches 7.5bit/s/Hz.
In December, 2016, Tsinghua University's aviation aerospace electronic system laboratory complete 27.5 kilometers of long distance transmission experiments, this is also
World's longest distance OAM transmission experiments of open report at present.However, since OAM electromagnetic wave beams dissipate, required all phase
Face the second dual-mode antenna size linearly increases with the increase of transmission range, cannot achieve in practice.Therefore, all phase face
Method of reseptance be only applicable to the point-to-point reception of short distance.OAM electromagnetic waves are exactly energy singular point (trap along the direction of propagation
Point), main energetic concentrates on the direction of the angle of divergence, i.e., is a hollow cyclic structure from cross section.In order to obtain most
It is strong to receive power, it needs to receive in diverging angular direction, rather than coaxial direction, this causes transmission mode and the design of reception system
It is difficult.It has been difficult to establish the second transmitting-receiving day in some limited region with the lengthening of communication distance in view of the above difficult point
Line becomes extremely difficult in large-scale dimension using individual antenna and antenna array receiver.
Invention content
In view of the above problems, the present invention provide it is a kind of can realize long range, large capacity, spectral efficient electromagnetic wave rail
The coplanar electromagnetic wave orbital angular momentum multiplex transmission system of puppet of road angular momentum transmission.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention provides a kind of electromagnetic wave orbital angular momentum multiplexing biography relayed based on phase face
Defeated system, including：Signal transmitting terminal, the signal transmitting terminal include：OAM signal modulation modules, user data modulation generate tool
There is the transmission signal of frame structure；First dual-mode antenna is individual antenna or aerial array, modulated signal is passed through multiple
The OAM electromagnetic waves of different mode are sent to signal receiving end；Signal receiving end, the signal receiving end include：Multiple relayings turn
Device is sent out, the distributed setting on the annulus of main lobe covering, each relay repeater forwards different location on phase face annulus
Signal is received, independent mutually between the relay repeater, quantity is no less than the pattern count of OAM electromagnetic waves, and signal is by having
Line or wireless mode are forwarded to central receiver；Central receiver, including：Second dual-mode antenna receives multiple relay repeaters
Signal is passed sequentially through phase face correction module and demodulation module by the signal after relay forwarding；Phase face correction module, to distribution
The signal of formula forwarding carries out phase face correction, carries out pilot tone alignment and phase shift operation to signal so that all relay repeaters turn
The signal of hair meets the phase distribution in annulus phase face；Demodulation module demodulates central receiver received signal.
Electromagnetic wave orbital angular momentum multiplex transmission system of the present invention based on phase face relaying is adopted in signal receiving end
The reception mode forwarded with distributed relay arranges relay repeater, often in a distributed manner on the entire annulus of main lobe covering
Between a relay repeater independently of each other, it does not interfere with each other, relay forwarding is carried out to the reception signal in entire annulus phase face, in
It is converged on central receiver after transponder forwards signal, solves the extension with transmission range, main lobe is in space
The circle diameter of formation is also gradually expanded, after long distance transmission (such as several hundred kilometers), when reaching receiving terminal, and the diameter of annulus
Quite greatly, the problem of at this time common antenna array can not complete the direct sampling reception of entire annulus phase face.
Description of the drawings
By reference to detailed description below and the content of claims and in conjunction with attached drawing, other mesh of the invention
And result will be more apparent and should be readily appreciated that.In the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is the composition frame of the electromagnetic wave orbital angular momentum multiplex transmission system of the present invention relayed based on phase face
Figure；
Fig. 2 a and 2b be before the electromagnetic wave orbital angular momentum multiplex transmission system of the present invention relayed based on phase face to
Transmission link schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 a and 3b are that the electromagnetic wave orbital angular momentum multiplex transmission system of the present invention relayed based on phase face is reversed
The schematic diagram of transmission link；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of relay repeater and central receiver relative position distribution of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the frame structure composition schematic diagram that the present invention sent and transmitted signal；
Fig. 6 a and 6b are showing for influence of the Degree of Ill Condition of the multiple relay repeater site errors of the present invention to transmission capacity
It is intended to；
Fig. 7 is that one of the electromagnetic wave orbital angular momentum multiplex transmission system of the present invention relayed based on phase face is specific
The schematic diagram of embodiment；
Fig. 8 a and 8b are that the electromagnetic wave orbital angular momentum multiplex transmission system of the present invention relayed based on phase face is multistage
Cascade carries out the schematic diagram of the forward link and reverse link of relay transmission；
In the accompanying drawings, identical reference numeral indicates similar or corresponding feature or function.
Specific implementation mode
In the following description, for purposes of illustration, it in order to provide the comprehensive understanding to one or more embodiments, explains
Many details are stated.It may be evident, however, that these embodiments can also be realized without these specific details.
In other examples, one or more embodiments for ease of description, well known structure and equipment are shown in block form an.
Each embodiment according to the present invention is described in detail below with reference to accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the composition frame of the electromagnetic wave orbital angular momentum multiplex transmission system of the present invention relayed based on phase face
Figure, as shown in Figure 1, the electromagnetic wave orbital angular momentum multiplex transmission system based on phase face relaying includes：
Signal transmitting terminal 1, including：
OAM signal modulation modules 11, user data modulation generate the transmission signal with frame structure；
First dual-mode antenna 12 is individual antenna or aerial array, forms coaxial or approximate coaxial OAM multiplexings and passes
Modulated signal is sent to signal receiving end by defeated wave beam by the OAM electromagnetic waves of multiple and different patterns；
Signal receiving end 2, including：
Multiple relay repeaters 21, distributed setting, each relay repeater forward phase on the annulus of main lobe covering
The reception signal of different location on plane annulus, independent mutually between the relay repeater, quantity is no less than OAM electromagnetic waves
Pattern count, signal can be forwarded to central receiver by wired or wireless way；
Central receiver 22, including：Second dual-mode antenna 221 receives multiple 21 relay forwardings of phase face relay repeater
Signal afterwards；Phase face correction module 222 carries out phase face correction to the signal of distributed forwarding；Demodulation module 223, centering
Centre receiver received signal is demodulated.
Above-mentioned based in the electromagnetic wave orbital angular momentum multiplex transmission system of phase face relaying, signal transmitting terminal 1 emits
Multichannel OAM electromagnetic waves, signal receiving end 2 need not arrange extensive antenna array in annulus phase face, but by each relaying
It is independently placed on to transponder separate type in entire annulus phase face, it is not required that synchronization and wave beam between relay repeater are assigned
Shape, central receiver are equally respectively independently distributed with relay repeater, using the method for Digital Signal Processing to relay repeater
The signal of forwarding carries out the demodulation of the alignment and data of phase face, to realize remote OAM multiplexing transmissions.
In one embodiment of the invention,
First dual-mode antenna 12, can it is rectangular, round and rectangular in any one formation arrange, it is preferable that described the
One dual-mode antenna 12 includes that coaxial resonant cavity, spiral phase plate, spiral reflecting surface or H-Horn APA system generate helical phase face, with
Obtain the electromagnetic wave signal with orbital angular momentum, for example, the first dual-mode antenna 12 may include have multiple resonant cavities or
OAM generates a period of time, to generate multi-mode OAM electromagnetic waves.
Reflection paraboloid or/and lens may be used to multi-mode OAM in the electromagnetic wave convergence mode of first dual-mode antenna 12
Electromagnetic wave is converged, and is not particularly limited herein.
Electromagnetic wave orbital angular momentum multiplex transmission system of the present invention based on phase face relaying can carry out signal
Fl transmission and reverse transfer, the flow of fl transmission as shown in figures 2 a and 2b, including：Signal transmitting terminal 1 generates multichannel OAM electricity
Magnetic wave, the first dual-mode antenna 12 are used for the OAM electromagnetic wave signals of various different modes, and user data is modulated at different mode
OAM electromagnetic waves on, by reflector antenna or lens convergence after launch；It is entire that relay repeater 21 is used for relay forwarding
OAM electromagnetic wave signals in the annulus phase face of space, it is preferable that 21 transparent forwarding signal of relay repeater；Second dual-mode antenna
221 are used for collecting the information that each relay repeater of reception forwards, and pass through phase face correction module 222 and demodulation module
The OAM user data of each road multiplexing is isolated in 223 demodulation.The flow of reverse transfer as best shown in figures 3 a and 3b, including：Central acceptance
Machine 22 is after demultiplexing and demodulation obtain initial data, and the modulates information that will reversely pass back is to the same as the more of the different first phases of frequency
In group carrier signal, corresponding relay repeater 21 is given by multiple multi-beam transmissions, on the annulus that relay repeater 21 is distributed
The multi-modal OAM patterns after interference are formed, the first dual-mode antenna of signal receiving end 1 is reversely sent to by relay repeater 21
12, to form the reversed return link of signal.
In one embodiment of the invention, in signal receiving end 2, as shown in Figure 2 a, 21 structure of multiple relay repeaters
At array, for receiving the OAM signals in entire annulus phase face, and by signal relay forwarding to central receiver 22.
In central receiver 22, the second dual-mode antenna 221 is distributed in arbitrary polyhedral structure (for example, multi-panel prism
Structure) on, including each face corresponding with each relay repeater, receive the multiplexing OAM that different relay repeaters forward
Signal.
In another embodiment of the present invention, central receiver 22 includes the aerial array of multigroup adjustable beam direction,
Receive the signal of multiple relay repeater forwardings respectively.
It is received it should be noted that central receiver 22 can be the synchronous of the different arrival bearings of any type form
Machine, central receiver 22 can be a polyhedron prism structures, and each EDS maps surface antenna array receives different forwardings respectively
The forward signal of device, or in the reverse link to different relay repeater directions send signal, physical arrangement and it is unlimited with
Polyhedron prism structure, but any one multidirectional antenna structure, are not specifically limited herein.
In one embodiment of the invention, as shown in figure 4, each relay repeater 21 includes：
The antenna 211a and 211b of more different polarization directions, a kind of antenna 211a of polarization direction are used for registration signal
Transmission direction, the antenna 211b of another polarization direction are used for being directed at reception body, between the reception and forwarding antenna of signal mutually
It does not interfere, wherein antenna 211a and 211b include electromagnetic horn, parabola antenna, casey brother's human relations antenna, paster antenna and array
Any one in antenna；
Transparent forwarding module 212, do not influence receive signal frequency and phase on the basis of, to signal carry out sampling turn
Hair, for example, rf filtering module and amplifier.
Array of the signal receiving end based on relay repeater 21 antenna of different polarization directions to be made of, and not homopolarity
Changing the antenna in direction can be located in two mutually orthogonal planes, to avoid interfering with each other between repeater antennae.Together
When can not be made herein to the original reception signal of any direction relay forwarding by the method for directional beam, relay repeater
Concrete restriction.
In signal transmitting terminal 1, OAM signal modulation modules 11 can emit multichannel in conjunction with the first dual-mode antenna 12 and answer simultaneously
OAM signals, and carry different user data, it is preferable that as shown in figure 5, signal transmitting terminal 1 generates multichannel with specific
The OAM electromagnetic waves of frame structure, OAM signal modulation modules 11 include：
Thick synchronized pseudo-random sequences generate unit, generate orthogonal sequence, for carrying out sign synchronization, realize different forwarding letters
Number thick synchronization, to find the initial position of pilot signal；
Pilot signal group generates unit, generates the sinusoidal signal of multiple and different frequency points, wherein the higher simple signal of frequency
As smart pilot tone, for ensuring phase compensation precision, the lower simple signal of frequency is as thick pilot tone, for ensureing compensation cycle
It is fuzzy；
OAM multiplex data sequence production units, user data is modulated, and selects the OAM electromagnetism of different mode number
Wave carries out multiplexing transmission, is generated by thick synchronized pseudo-random sequences, pilot signal group and OAM multiplex data sequences in signal transmitting terminal
The frame structure of composition.
In the various embodiments described above, multiple relay repeaters 21 can be evenly arranged in entire phase face, can also be
Uneven arrangement is in entire phase face, for example, the independent uniform or non-uniform Distribution of multiple relay repeaters 21 is in circular ring shape
Or on the space phase face of ellipse, and the quantity of relay repeater 21 is related with the OAM pattern counts that reusable transmits, false
If the OAM pattern counts of multiplexing are N, then at least needing N number of relay repeater.
There are certain randomness, this randomness and track controls for the mutual position distribution of multiple relay repeaters 21
The objective environments factor such as precision processed is related, and the uncertainty of this position can lead to the uncertainty of phase, the one of the present invention
In a preferred embodiment, phase face correction module 222 carries out pilot tone alignment and phase shift operation so that all relay repeaters turn
The carrier signal of hair meets the phase distribution in annulus phase face；
Demodulation module 223 carries out space OAM de-multiplex operations, isolates different OAM patterns transmitting subscriber identifies.
After second dual-mode antenna 221 receives the multiplexing OAM signals that the forwarding of different relay repeaters 21 obtains, pass through phase first
Plane correction module 222 carries out pilot tone alignment and phase shift operation so that the carrier signal of all relay repeater forwardings meets circle
The phase of phase distribution in ring phase face, all transponder forward signals will be all corrected in the same phase face, to
Ensure the correct demodulation of spatial reuse OAM data, then realizes that the separation of all customer data demodulates by demodulation module 223.
Preferably, the phase face correction module 222 includes：
Thick synchronization unit is slightly synchronized according to the pilot frequency sequence section in frame structure, the method synchronized by sequence symbol
Find the rough position of pilot signal section；
Separative element, takes out the pilot signal group in the signal of relay repeater forwarding, and each different frequencies are isolated in filtering
The signal of point, and the frequency multiple relationship between different frequent points；
Judging unit judges whether signal ambiguity, when presence signal obscures, sends instructions to ambiguity solution unit,
When there is no signal ambiguity, phase-shifting unit is sent instructions to；
Ambiguity solution unit determines the phase that each sampled point obtains different frequent points signal sampling, is believed according to different frequent points
Frequency multiple relationship between number, gradually determines the sample of low frequency signal in which phase cycling of high-frequency signal,
To gradually ambiguity solution；
Phase-shifting unit, by relay repeater in the sampled point phase alignment of high-frequency signal section, the reception to relay repeater
The user data segment of signal carries out corresponding phase shift operation, and the identical sampled point at one moment of all relay repeaters is snapped to
Within one phase cycling of most high frequency pilot signal.
Second dual-mode antenna 221 receives different relay repeaters 21 and obtained multiplexing OAM signals is forwarded to be corrected by plane
Module 222 corrects, and the phase of 21 forward signal of all relay repeaters will be all corrected in the same phase face, to ensure
The correct demodulation of spatial reuse OAM data.
Central receiver 22 can be the synchrodyne of the different arrival bearings of any type form, as in Figure 2-4,
Central receiver can be a polyhedron prism structure, and each EDS maps surface antenna array receives different transponders respectively
Forward signal, or in the reverse link signal, physical arrangement and unlimited and polyhedron rib are sent to different transponder directions
Rod structure, but any one multidirectional antenna structure, are not specifically limited herein.
The side of signal transmission is carried out using the above-mentioned electromagnetic wave orbital angular momentum multiplex transmission system based on phase face relaying
Method includes：
Step S1 acquires user data, and user data is modulated, and generates the data frame for multiplexing transmission, and by its
The OAM electromagnetic waves of multiple patterns are modulated into, multiplexing transmitting is carried out, for example, using multimode cavity antenna or antenna element, it is different
Resonant cavity or antenna element generate multi-mode OAM electromagnetic waves, and converge electromagnetic wave by reflecting surface or lens by waveguide feed
The OAM electromagnetic waves of coaxial transmitting afterwards, different mode are mutually orthogonal in space；
Step S2, the OAM electromagnetic waves of the multiple patterns of distributed reception on the annulus of main lobe covering, and by each moment
The information that the different location of phase face annulus samples is forwarded；
Step S3, receives the OAM electromagnetic waves of each pattern of forwarding, and is demodulated.
Preferably, in step sl, the data frame has special frame structure, as shown in figure 5, each frame includes thick same
Pseudo-random sequence section, pilot signal group and OAM multiplex data sequence three parts are walked, thick synchronize is that random sequence section can be by standard
Orthogonal sequence is constituted, and for carrying out sign synchronization, finds the initial position of pilot signal, pilot signal group can be by multiple and different
The sinusoidal signal of frequency point forms, and time span occupies m symbol period, and the wherein higher simple signal of frequency is led referred to as essence
Frequently, for ensure entire pseudo- co-planar transmission system system phase compensation precision problem, and the lower simple signal quilt of frequency
Referred to as thick pilot tone, for ensureing the compensation cycle fuzzy problem of system, all single-frequency point sinusoidal signal initial phases are identical, and
With multiplex data section carrier signal Time Continuous, and entire pilot signal group all uses plane electromagnetic wave to emit, and is to propagate
The phase of all sampled points should be identical in the perpendicular plane in direction, and specifically, step S1 includes：
Generate the sinusoidal signal of multiple and different frequency points, wherein the higher simple signal of frequency is as smart pilot tone, for ensuring
Phase compensation precision, the lower simple signal of frequency is as thick pilot tone, for ensureing that compensation cycle is fuzzy；
It generates pseudo-orthogonal sequence and finds the initial position of pilot signal for carrying out sign synchronization；
Thick synchronized pseudo-random sequences, pilot signal group and OAM multiplex data sequences are formed by data frame and be modulated to not
With on OAM carrier waves, the multiplexing transmission of the electromagnetic wave signal of OAM is carried out.
In one embodiment of the invention, it due to being independently distributed between relay repeater, there will necessarily be on respective position
Error, this error is divided into the displacement of front and back axial direction, along the protrusion and invagination of standard annulus radial direction, and tangentially along annulus
Deflection, the uncertain of this mechanical location cause prodigious influence to the receiving phase of signal, need certain annulus phase
Face synchroballistic algorithm is corrected, therefore the step S3 includes：
Step S31 carries out pilot tone alignment and phase shift operation according to signal frame structure so that divides on the annulus of main lobe covering
The carrier signal of cloth forwarding meets the phase distribution in annulus phase face；
Step S32 carries out space OAM de-multiplex operations, isolates different OAM patterns transmitting subscriber identifies.
Preferably, the step S31 includes：
It is slightly synchronized according to the thick synchronized pseudo-random sequences in signal frame structure, is looked for by the method that sequence symbol synchronizes
To the rough position of pilot signal section；
The pilot signal section in frame structure is taken out, the signal f for isolating each different frequent points is filtered1~fn；
Obtain the proportionate relationship between different frequent points signal
Judge whether signal ambiguity；
When presence signal obscures, the phase that each sampled point obtains different frequent points signal sampling is determined, according to single-frequency
Proportionate relationship between point signal, gradually determines the sample of low frequency signal in which phase cycling of high-frequency signal,
To gradually ambiguity solution；
When there is no signal ambiguity, it is aligned sampled point phase in high-frequency signal section, OAM multiplex datas sequence is carried out pair
The phase shift operation answered snaps to the identical sampled point at the same moment within one phase cycling of most high frequency pilot signal.
It is operated by above several steps, the identical sampled point at all relay repeaters a certain moment has been snapped into highest
Within one phase cycling of frequency pilot signal, i.e., low frequency signal is used for ambiguity solution, and high-frequency signal is used for alignment phase, then will
Relay repeater pilot signal section sampled point phase alignment, accordingly namely to the reception signal of all relay repeaters
Data segment carries out corresponding phase shift operation.Since pilot signal section is emitted using plane wave, data segment is sent out using OAM electromagnetic waves
It penetrates, pilot signal phase alignment, so that the carrier wave start-phase of user data segment meets the true of multiplexing OAM annulus phase faces
Reality bit distribution situation.
For the reception signal after progress phase alignment operation, in step s 32, space OAM de-multiplex operations are carried out,
Different OAM patterns transmitting subscriber identifies are isolated, specifically：
Assuming that there are the roads pattern count N OAM electromagnetic waves to carry out multiplexing transmission,
Wherein, UnFor the n-th road OAM electromagnetic wave signals, A (ρ, z) indicates the vector electromagnetic wave of carrying user data,It is
The phase modulation factor, ρ are the radial unit vectors under cylindrical coordinates, and z is direction of propagation unit vector, lnIndicate OAM pattern counts,It indicates
The phase change of transmitting signal.
After being forwarded by any one relay repeater, the antenna of central receiver corresponding direction at a time samples
Obtained OAM multiplexed signals is：
Wherein, r (ρ, z, t) be receive and signal, t represent the moment, M is transponder number, piIndicate i-th of forwarding
Device position is calculated since 0 phase point, accounts for the several of several points of whole circumference；
When the roads N OAM signals carry out multiplexing demodulation, all M transponder synchronization t in entire phase face are forwarded to obtain
Signal be weighted processing, to obtain the different multiplexed information in the roads N, demodulating process can be expressed as：
Wherein, snFor the information obtained after OAM is demultiplexed.
Because mutually orthogonal between different orbital angular momentums, by phase shift alignment operation, then with the phase of different mode number
Location factor receives signal spectrum of the signal in different OAM spectral spaces, has just obtained different OAM moulds with signal multiplication, acquisition is received
The different data that formula is transmitted.
In step s3, the general initial position of pilot signal group is found by slightly synchronizing first, then in next m
The smart synchronization and ambiguity solution that phase face is carried out in a symbol period operate.OAM multiplex data sequences use but are not limited to QPSK etc.
Modulation system, for transmitting user data.Data segment is by the single carrier wave signal of modulates baseband signals.In transmitting, own
The pilot signal group initial phase on the different roads OAM is aligned, while the initial phase of data segment carrier signal is also aligned.
According to the above transmission process, puppet co-planar transmission system proposed by the present invention not only has forward link, also exists simultaneously
Inbound transmission link, central receiver 22 is after demultiplexing and demodulation obtain initial data, by central receiver antenna 221,
On the modulates information that will can reversely pass back to multigroup carrier signal with same frequency difference first phase, pass through multiple multi-beam transmissions
To corresponding relay repeater 21, the multi-modal OAM patterns after interference are formed on the annulus that relay repeater 21 is distributed in this way,
It is sent to the first dual-mode antenna by relay repeater 21, to form the passback of signal.
Further, the signal after demodulation can also be continued to be sent to by central receiver 22 and relay repeater 21
The pseudo- coplanar reception system 2 of next stage, such level-one level-one forwarding is gone down, to form a kind of form of cascaded transmission, such as Fig. 8 a
Shown in Fig. 8 b, the transmission range of OAM multiplexed signals is greatly increased.
In the specific implementation power of the present invention, N=4, i.e. OAM signal modulation modules 11 generate the 4 of specific frame structure
Road signal, it is l to be modulated to pattern count respectively by the first dual-mode antenna 121=0, l2=1, l3=2, l4=4 different mode
On OAM electromagnetic waves, co-axial propagation in space after being converged by reflecting surface, wherein electromagnetic wave may include light wave, microwave, milli
It is one or more in metric wave and THz wave, and then the coplanar electromagnetic wave of puppet based on phase face correction of the embodiment of the present invention
OAM receives system and can be widely applied in the wireless transmitting system of the wave bands such as light wave, microwave, millimeter wave and Terahertz.
Further, 21 array of relay repeater may be considered is made of M=4 Inspector satellite, as shown in figure 8, often
It is mounted in two polarized forwarding antennas of Different Plane on a companion star, can be electromagnetic horn, parabola antenna, casey brother's human relations day
Any one antenna such as line, paster antenna, array antenna, it is assumed that vertical polarized antenna is used for receiving the multiplexing transmitted from ground
OAM signals, then the antenna of the horizontal polarization in perpendicular direction, which can be used for relay forwarding, receives signal to central receiver.
Further, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, radio-frequency carrier signal frequency is 10GHz, and pilot signal group can
It is formed with the sinusoidal signal by 4 different frequent points, f4~f1Frequency point can be followed successively by 10GHz, 9.9GHz, 9.95GHz and
9.925GHz, forms multiple single sinusoidal pilot signal groups, passes through frequency mixer down coversion in signal receiving end 2, transforms to
Tetra- frequency points of 200MHz, 100MHz, 50MHz and 25MHz, at integral multiple frequency difference between each frequency point, the pilot tone letter after down coversion
Number group isolates single sinusoidal signal of each frequency point by filter group, then synchronizes and samples to each frequency point signal,
Ambiguity solution operation can be completed by frequency-doubled signal group two-by-two, by the Phase synchronization of sampled point a to sinusoidal cycles, preferably
Final sampled point is synchronized in a cycle of highest frequency sine-wave by ground；
Further, by taking the sampled point of a certain specific moment t as an example, if 200MHz sines are measured in this sampled point phase
It it is 14 °, it is 192 ° that 100MHz sines, which measure the phase in this sampled point, then the ambiguity solution method of phase face alignment can be expressed as
The following steps：
(1)(φ100MHz× frequency ratio) /+34 ° of 360 °=(192 ° × 2)/360 °=1 (integer quotient) (remainder) rounding go it is remaining,
Integer quotient 1 is left, 34 ° of remainder is cast out；
(2) (360 ° × integer quotient 1)+φ200MHz=374 °；
(3) 374 °/2=187 °；
By above-mentioned 3 steps, the phase accuracy of 200MHz is transferred in the phase of 100MHz, that is, determines 100MHz's
Phase is 187 °, while being again 1 due to going the quotient obtained after remaining rounding, that is to say, that the phase of 200MHz samplings measured is located at
Second sinusoidal cycles in the same symbol time of 200MHz sine waves, to solve the phase ambiguity of 200MHz, i.e., really
The phase for determining 200MHz is 374 °, and sample is in second sinusoidal cycles.Next each moment proceeds as described above respectively,
The phase ambiguity of each sinusoidal signal can gradually be solved.
Further, judge the sampling of most high-frequency signal i.e. 4 transponder synchronizations of 200MHz sinusoidal signals
Which sinusoidal cycles point is located in, specific phase be it is how many, to some sampled point of 4 transponder synchronization t carry out with
Upper three steps operation, it is assumed that the phase of the sampled point of 4 transponder synchronizations of 200MHz sinusoidal signals is obtained, by ambiguity solution
It is 360 °+14 °=374 °, 720 °+18 °=738 °, 720 °+19 °=739 °, 720 °+27 °=747 ° respectively after operation, conversion
It is respectively 14 °, 18 °, 19 °, 27 ° after to the same sinusoidal cycles.What it is due to the transmitting of pilot signal framing moment is plane wave, because
This requires the phase alignment of all transponders, therefore, phase shift operation, phase shift is carried out respectively to the signal of 1~No. 4 transponder forwarding
Size correspondence be 374 °, 738 °, 739 °, 747 ° respectively, in this way, pilot signal phase shift alignment after, behind pilot signal group
The user data carrier phase followed has also carried out identical phase shift operation, so that the load of the OAM electromagnetic waves of user data
Wave phase meets the phase distribution of the position corresponding to entire phase face transponder, is established for next user data demultiplexing
Basis.
It is differed caused by can eliminating relay repeater site error by compensation, and due to the limit of signal transmission frequencies
System, the phase error of pseudo- aligned coplanar algorithm can be determined by following formula：
Wherein, Δ R is site error, and T is the period of pilot signal group most high frequency sinusoidal signal, and c is the light velocity.
Assuming that the tracks positioned error of transponder is 10m, it is assumed that the angle of divergence of OAM electromagnetic beams is 0.01rad, transponder
The orbit altitude that companion star forms into columns is 400km, then the radius of the formed annulus of main lobe is R=4km, and the perimeter of annulus can calculate
Obtain about 12.56km.The tracks positioned error of 100m accounts for 0.08% or so of entire annulus phase face, it will be appreciated from fig. 6 that this
The tracks positioned error of kind magnitude can cause the decaying of system communication capacity 10% or so, this is that our institutes are unacceptable.And
It can be calculated by phase face alignment algorithm,Divided by 360 ° gone whole remainder to obtain 240 °,
When that is carrying out phasing using pilot signal, for the sinusoidal signal of 200MHz, the integral multiple error of 2 π can be with
By slightly synchronous and other frequency point pilot signal ambiguity solutions correction, the tracks positioned error of 10m can cause within the same period
240 ° of phase errors, corrected by the method for phase shift, all relay repeaters are same by that can be compensated after phasing
In a annulus phase face, to retrieve peak transfer rate.
Further, in one embodiment of the invention, the in-orbit flight of relay repeater companion star forms a circular ring shape
It forms into columns, arrangement mode is dispersed with 4 relay repeaters 21 on annulus as shown in figure 4, center is central receiver 22, in process
After the correction for stating pseudo- coplanar Phase Compensation Algorithm, the phase of the carrier waves of all relay repeater forward signals in the same sampled point
Meet the phase distribution in the same annulus phase face, two kinds of situations is drawn at this time, if all relay repeaters are uniformly distributed
In entire phase face, then each relay repeater is after phasing, and the antenna of central receiver corresponding direction is a certain
The OAM multiplexings sampled signal that instance sample obtains can be expressed as：
When being demodulated, the signal that all relay repeater synchronization t are forwarded in entire phase face is carried out
Weighting is handled, and to obtain 4 different multiplexed informations, demodulating process can be expressed as：
If all relay repeaters uneven distribution in entire phase face, whole after phase correction module 222
It is still unevenly distributed in a phase face, this is also usual companion star's transponder situation common in practical flight, the multiplexing of 4 tunnels
OAM signals at least with 4 relay repeaters forwardings to sample information can solve, then per the solution of multiplexed signals all the way
Process can be expressed as with equation group：
Wherein,The sampling phase of four uneven positions, x respectively on annulus1, x2, x3, x4It is
4 tunnels are multiplexed the user data symbol transmitted by OAM, b1, b2, b3, b4The signal that four sampling point position transponders sample
Value, above-mentioned matrix can be simplified to following form：
AX=B
Wherein,
Wherein, matrix A indicates to resolve coefficient matrix, and matrix X indicates that the user data symbol of multiplexing transmission, matrix B indicate
The signal value that transponder is up-sampled in phase face.
Therefore the concrete function of demodulation module 223 may be implemented using above-mentioned algorithm.
Further, when relay repeater non-uniform Distribution in phase face, the morbid state of coefficient matrices A can be caused, into
And bring error, the Degree of Ill Condition of matrix A that can be quantified with the conditional number of A to resolving, it is defined as follows：
Cond (A)=| | A | | | | A-1||
The conditional number of matrix A determines the amplification factor to jitter error, when conditional number is bigger, the phase of A and singular matrix
It adjusts the distance just smaller, that is to say, that matrix A is more ill.In a specific embodiment of this law, it is assumed that there are 4 transponders, it is real
The multiplexing transmission of existing 4 road OAM electromagnetic waves.When the phase jitter of transponder is Δ φ, when demultiplexing caused solution code error
It can be expressed as：
Wherein, | | δ X | | indicate solution code error, εSNRIndicate signal-to-noise ratio when sampling, | | δ A | | it misses the position of representing matrix A
Difference can be calculated when Δ φ is smaller in the specific embodiment of this hair：
Wherein, liIndicate the pattern count of the i-th road OAM.
By calculate above can obtain solution code error a supremum, it mainly with Δ φ, cond (A), εSNRThree
Factor is related, in order to obtain the transmission capacity of system, can further be derived by equivalent signal-to-noise ratio and be：
Simulation result assumes that the signal-to-noise ratio as caused by thermal noise is 30dB, matrix as shown in figure 6 a and 6b, when fixed sample
Degree of Ill Condition is quantified by conditional number cond (A), in Fig. 6 a and 6b it can be seen from the situation identical in matrix Degree of Ill Condition
Under, relay repeater tracks positioned error is bigger, and the transmission capacity of system decreases, and the Degree of Ill Condition of matrix is bigger,
Namely conditional number cond (A) is bigger, and the influence to transmission capacity is more serious, though reaction a little slight site error all
The decline that message capacity can be brought bigger.Relay repeater site error can bring phase error when resolving, and react square
The conditional number of battle array Degree of Ill Condition is directly multiplied with error, plays the role of amplification to error, therefore be in practical application, logical as possible
The method for crossing orbits controlling keeps having certain relative distance between each transponder, to reduce the Degree of Ill Condition of matrix,
In, the range of Fig. 6 a and Fig. 6 b conditional numbers is different.
Further, OAM electromagnetic waves will undergo complicated channel circumstance in transmission, describe the two of wireless channel time variation
A important parameter is doppler spread and coherence time.Star channel can regard direct projection channel as, multi-path information more lacks, phase
Dry bandwidth is much larger than signal bandwidth, will not bring frequency selective fading, and since composition is one big between different transponders
Array, the case where different moments relative motion is not quite similar, and can also exist when docking is collected mail and number is forwarded different more
General Le effect analyzes influence of this Doppler effect to entire communication system with reference to specific example.The one of the present invention
In a specific example, Rice channel does not include multi-path information, includes only direct projection and corresponding Doppler frequency shift, i.e., flat single diameter
Rice channel.The working frequency range of system differs, and can work L, C, Ku, Ka wave band, by taking 10GHz carrier waves as an example.As shown in fig. 7, false
If when whole system runs to the surface at ground launch end, field angle 0.01rad, the track height that transponder companion star forms into columns
Degree is 400km, and flying speed v is 7000m/s (No. 1 speed of service of Heavenly Palace), it is assumed that two relay repeaters are located at the one of annulus
Diametrically, for incoming wave signal, Doppler's benefit of two relay repeaters reaches maximum to item, i.e.,Wherein, fmaxFor maximum doppler frequency, fcIt is carrier frequency,It is transported for satellite
The angle in dynamic direction and rf wave arrival direction, VdIt is satellite and ground diametrically movement velocity.It is calculated at this time two
Maximum Doppler between a relay repeater is 2.3kHz, corresponding coherence time Tc≈4.3×10-4S, it is assumed that the biography of system
Defeated rate is 25Msps, it is assumed that transmitting frame length is 1000 symbols, then the transmission time of entire frame is 4 × 10-6S, therefore
Signal frame transmission time be less than coherence time 1/10, so Doppler effect can be regarded as in the entire system it is slowly varying
, have no effect on the transmission of entire frame data after phase face correction.Therefore for high-speed broadband services, symbol time is much small
In coherence time, Doppler frequency shift can be ignored.
The transmission process for analyzing single-stage puppet co-planar transmission system above, by the pseudo- coplanar transmission of single-stage, we are not difficult to manage
It solves, by increasing pseudo- coplanar number, the form of the coplanar cascaded transmission of multi-stage pseudo can also be formed, in greatly increasing and being based on
Transmission range after the OAM puppet co-planar transmission systems of forwarding and flexibility.Assuming that there is P grades of puppets coplanar, link for onward transmission is first
The mutually orthogonal OAM electromagnetic waves of multichannel are generated by the first dual-mode antennas of multi-modal OAM, then by the pseudo- coplanar phase annulus of the first order
On relay repeater sampling forwarding, after central receiver receives sampled signal, carry out demultiplexing and demodulation operation, recover
Primary data information (pdi).After central receiver obtains original signal, continue through different electromagnetic beams, modulate data onto with
In the carrier signal of out of phase, relay repeater is returned to, transponder carries out reversed operation of relays, in this way in pseudo- coplanar distribution
Relay repeater annulus on again form different mode number multiplexing new OAM signals, continue to send by repeater antennae
Give next stage pseudo- coplanar reception system.Level-one level-one forwarding in this way is gone down, as shown in Figure 8 a, can further increase it is pseudo- it is coplanar in
After the transmission range of repeater system.The inbound transmission link of system is similar with link for onward transmission, as shown in Figure 8 b, only
In afterbody, coaxial antenna reception may be used in receiving terminal, after pseudo- co-planar transmission system can first converge wave beam at this time
It is transmitted to receiving terminal again, to reduce the angle of divergence of OAM wave beams, the energy of receiving terminal receiving terminal annulus as much as possible is made to believe
Breath.
By being analyzed above it is recognised that the puppet proposed by the present invention based on phasing is coplanar is relayed based on phase face
Electromagnetic wave orbital angular momentum multiplex transmission system, which can effectively solve OAM, can not use antenna array reception and phase in long distance transmission
Plane is difficult to the problem of being aligned, and to improve the spectrum efficiency of communication system, reduces the realization difficulty of receiving terminal, to realize
OAM electromagnetic waves large capacity in free space, long range multiplexing transmission are laid a good foundation.
Although content disclosed above shows exemplary embodiment of the present invention, it should be noted that without departing substantially from power
Under the premise of profit requires the range limited, it may be many modifications and change.According to the side of inventive embodiments described herein
Function, step and/or the action of method claim are not required to execute with any particular order.In addition, although the element of the present invention can
It is unless explicitly limited individual element it is also contemplated that having multiple elements to be described or be required in the form of individual.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of electromagnetic wave orbital angular momentum multiplex transmission system based on phase face relaying, which is characterized in that
Including：
Signal transmitting terminal, including：
OAM signal modulation modules, user data modulation generate the transmission signal with frame structure；
First dual-mode antenna is individual antenna or aerial array, forms coaxial or approximate coaxial OAM multiplexing transmission waves
Modulated signal is sent to signal receiving end by beam by the OAM electromagnetic waves of multiple and different patterns；
Signal receiving end, including：
Multiple relay repeaters, the distributed setting on the annulus of main lobe covering, each relay repeater forwarding phase face circle
The reception signal of different location on ring, independent mutually between the relay repeater, quantity is no less than the pattern of OAM electromagnetic waves
Number, signal are forwarded to central receiver by wired or wireless way；
Central receiver, including：Second dual-mode antenna receives the signal after multiple relay repeater relay forwardings, by signal according to
It is secondary to pass through phase face correction module and demodulation module；Phase face correction module carries out phase face school to the signal of distributed forwarding
Just, pilot tone alignment and phase shift operation are carried out to signal so that the signal of all relay repeater forwardings meets in annulus phase face
Phase distribution；Demodulation module demodulates central receiver received signal.
2. the electromagnetic wave orbital angular momentum multiplex transmission system according to claim 1 based on phase face relaying, feature
It is, the central receiver is in polyhedral structure, and each relay repeater corresponds to a face, the second receipts are provided on the face
Antenna is sent out, relay repeater is by the antenna array wave cover on the face.
3. the electromagnetic wave orbital angular momentum multiplex transmission system according to claim 1 based on phase face relaying, feature
It is, the OAM signal modulation modules include：
Thick synchronized pseudo-random sequences generate unit, generate orthogonal sequence and realize different forward signals for carrying out sign synchronization
It is thick synchronous, to find the initial position of pilot signal；
Pilot signal group generates unit, generates the sinusoidal signal of multiple and different frequency points, wherein the higher simple signal conduct of frequency
Smart pilot tone, for ensuring phase compensation precision, the lower simple signal of frequency is as thick pilot tone, for ensureing compensation cycle mould
Paste；
OAM multiplex data sequence production units, user data is modulated, and select the OAM electromagnetic waves of different mode number into
Row multiplexing transmission is generated in signal transmitting terminal and is made of thick synchronized pseudo-random sequences, pilot signal group and OAM multiplex data sequences
Frame structure.
4. the electromagnetic wave orbital angular momentum multiplex transmission system according to claim 1 based on phase face relaying, feature
It is, the independent uniform or non-uniform Distribution of the multiple relay repeater is in the space phase face of circular ring shape or ellipse
On.
5. the electromagnetic wave orbital angular momentum multiplex transmission system according to claim 1 based on phase face relaying, feature
It is,
The phase face correction module includes：
Thick synchronization unit is slightly synchronized according to the thick synchronized pseudo-random sequences in frame structure, the side synchronized by sequence symbol
Method finds the rough position of pilot signal section；
Separative element, takes out the pilot signal group in the signal of relay repeater forwarding, and each different frequent points are isolated in filtering
Signal has frequency multiple relationship between different frequent points；
Judging unit judges whether signal ambiguity, when presence signal obscures, ambiguity solution unit is sent instructions to, when not
When presence signal obscures, phase-shifting unit is sent instructions to；
Ambiguity solution unit determines the phase that each sampled point obtains different frequent points signal sampling, according to different frequent points signal it
Between frequency multiple relationship, gradually determine the sample of low frequency signal in which phase cycling of high-frequency signal, thus
Gradually ambiguity solution；
Corresponding relay repeater is received signal in the sampled point phase alignment of high-frequency signal section, is multiplexed to OAM by phase-shifting unit
Data sequence carries out corresponding phase shift operation, and all relay repeater sampled points are snapped to a phase of most high frequency pilot signal
Within bit period.
6. the electromagnetic wave orbital angular momentum multiplex transmission system according to claim 1 based on phase face relaying, feature
It is, the signal transmitting terminal and signal receiving end have the function of to exchange, and carry out reverse transfer, wherein central receiver is solving
After multiplexing and demodulation obtain initial data, the modulates information that will reversely pass back is to multigroup carrier wave letter with frequency difference first phase
On number, corresponding relay repeater is given by multiple multi-beam transmissions, after forming interference on the annulus of relay repeater distribution
Multi-modal OAM patterns are reversely sent to the first dual-mode antenna of signal transmitting terminal by relay repeater, to form signal
Reversed return link.
7. the electromagnetic wave orbital angular momentum based on phase face relaying according to any one of claim 1-6 claims is multiple
With Transmission system, which is characterized in that including multiple signal receiving ends, carry out the transmission range that relaying cascaded transmission extends system.
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