CN108566213A - The serial counteracting list bit-flipping decoding method of polarization code - Google Patents
The serial counteracting list bit-flipping decoding method of polarization code Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of serial counteracting list bit-flipping decoding method of polarization code, the described method comprises the following steps：The first step：Construct bit reversal index set；Second step：With the docking collection of letters number of CRC SCL decodersInto row decoding；Third walks：Carry out SCLF decodings.Polarization code proposed by the present invention serially offsets list bit reversal (Successivecancellationlistflip, SCLF) interpretation method, it is the improved method for existing SCF and CRC SCL interpretation methods, SCLF methods have been introduced into the concept of bit reversal among CRC SCL decoders, further improve the performance of CRC SCL decoders, i.e. CRC SCL decoders remain to adopt remedial measures after finding decoding failure so that current decoding succeeds.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of interpretation methods, and in particular to a kind of serial counteracting list bit-flipping decoding side of polarization code
Method belongs to channel coding technology field in wireless communication.
Background technology
Polarization code is the channel coding method that the first can be reached binary system memoryless channel capacity by Strict Proof,
Polarization code possesses the coding and interpretation method of low complex degree simultaneously, therefore polarization code becomes the research heat of present channel coding field
Point.In the 5th third-generation mobile communication standard, polarization code is the channel coding schemes in control channel.
Although code check less than channel capacity and code length be it is infinitely great ideally, polarization code can be by serial
The information transmission that (Successivecancellation, SC) interpretation method realizes zero defect is offset, but when polarization code length
When in finite length (such as 1024 bits), block-error probability (Blockerrorrate, BLER) performance ratios of SC interpretation methods its
His channel coding schemes (such as low density parity check code) are poor, so BLER performance of the promotion polarization code in limited code length region
It is important research contents.
It is serial to offset the expansion that list (Successivecancellationlist, SCL) interpretation method is SC interpretation methods
Exhibition.SC is a kind of sequential decoding method, and a decoding path is only preserved during decoding, and SCL interpretation methods were decoding
L decoding path (positive integer L is known as list number) is preserved in journey, and every decoding path is all assigned a path metric
(Path metric, PM) value just obtains L path candidate when SCL decoders complete the estimation of the last one information bit,
Path with optimal PM values is outputted as decoding result.Therefore, the BLER performances of SCL decoders are better than SC decoders.It is based on
The serial counteracting list decoding method (CRC-SCL) of cyclic redundancy check (Cyclicredundancy check, CRC) is SCL
Improved method, BLER performances be better than SCL.For CRC-SCL methods after obtaining L path candidate, selection passes through CRC check
Path is exported as decoding.If L path candidate be not by CRC check, existing CRC-SCL decoders judgement is this time
Decoding failure, and any processing is done in the no longer docking collection of letters number.However, if decoding failure is also regarded as a kind of " information ", design
Go out the method for processing received signal after decoding failure for the first time, can further promote the performance of CRC-SCL decoders.
It is serial to offset the another kind that overturning (Successivecancellationflip, SCF) interpretation method is SC methods
Variant also provides thinking further to promote the performance of CRC-SCL decoders.SCF decoders are by overturning insecure ratio
Special court verdict avoids the error propagation during decoding, to improve BLER of the polarization code under SC interpretation methods
Energy.But existing SCF interpretation methods carry out bit reversal only for SC decoding processes, there is no and decode process for CRC-SCL
Bit reversal method.
Invention content
The present invention exactly for the technical problems in the prior art, provides a kind of serial counteracting list ratio of polarization code
Spy overturns interpretation method, and the polarization code in the present invention serially offsets list bit reversal
(Successivecancellationlistflip, SCLF) decoding is translated by the way that the concept of bit reversal is introduced into CRC-SCL
In code device, to promote the BLER performances of CRC-SCL decoders.
A kind of serial counteracting list bit-flipping decoding method of polarization code, the described method comprises the following steps：
The first step：Construct bit reversal index set；
Second step：With the docking collection of letters number of CRC-SCL decodersInto row decoding；
Third walks：Carry out SCLF decodings.Polarization code proposed by the present invention serially offsets list bit reversal
(Successivecancellationlistflip, SCLF) interpretation method is to be directed to the existing decoding sides SCF and CRC-SCL
The improved method of method.Among the concept of bit reversal has been introduced into CRC-SCL decoders by SCLF methods, further improve
The performance of CRC-SCL decoders, i.e. CRC-SCL decoders remain to adopt remedial measures after finding decoding failure so that current
Decoding succeeds.
As an improvement of the present invention, the first step：Bit reversal index set is constructed, specific as follows, the bit turns over
Turning index set, the referred to as crucial set (Revisedcriticalset, RCS) of correction, RCS is obtained by correcting existing CS,
In CRC-SCL interpretation methods, list number L is 2 power, noteWherein vA(i)∈ { 0,1 } is information ratio
Spy, K are the quantity of information bit, and A (i) indicates i-th of element in information bit index set A, in CRC-SCL decoders pairWhen being estimated,All possible value is all decoded device preservation, therefore can not
Carry out bit reversal.Delete the bit vectors for including in CSObtain RCS：
Wherein set operator operation rule be：A B=A-A I B, i.e., remove A I B in set A.
As an improvement of the present invention, the second step：With the docking collection of letters number of CRC-SCL decodersInto row decoding；It is specific as follows, if having path to pass through CRC check in L path candidate, it is decoded into
Work(stops decoding process；If not by CRC check in L path candidate, this decoding failure is transferred to third step.
As an improvement of the present invention, the third step：SCLF decodings are carried out, specific as follows, log before decoding2L letter
Cease bitWhen, the decoding process of SCLF is identical as CRC-SCL, from 1+log2L information bitStart, SCLF decoders are according to RCS pairsWith and subsequent information bit overturn；In the third step
Bit reversal rule, first define SCLF decoding during path splitting status；As decoding vi, when i ∈ A, current L items are translated
Code path is split into 2L items, and path metric (PM) is all assigned in each in 2L decoding path, and i is indexed in current bit
At ∈ A, the array P for storing this 2L path metric value(i)It is defined as follows：
WhereinIt is P(i)In a+1 rows, the element of b row indicates b paths by viIt is estimated as bit value
Path metric when a, wherein a ∈ { 0,1 } and 1≤b≤L,It calculates according to the following formula；
WhereinThe definition of 1≤k≤i is identical as (1), and bottom right footmark b is indicatedIt is the b articles road
The LLR of diameter；
Take P(i)The median of middle 2L element, is denoted as δ；Matrix Q(i)In a+1 rows, b row elementIt presses
Formula obtains (a ∈ { 0,1 } and b ∈ { 1,2 ..., L })：
Obtain matrix Q(i)Afterwards, path splitting status can be defined；
IfAndAccording to the principle of list decoding, b paths should be deleted, at this time b
The state of paths is defined as " deleting state "；IfAndAccording to the principle of list decoding, the b articles
Path should be replicated, and the state of b paths is defined as " replicating state " at this time；If(or), according to the principle of list decoding, b paths should be by viIt is determined as 1 (or 0), due to this feelings
Condition is similar to SC and decodes process, so the state of b paths is defined as " SC states " at this time.
The course of work of SCLF decoders is as follows：
(1) it initializes, according to the structural generation RCS set of polarization code, t=0, T is setmax=T and L, wherein t, 0≤t≤
TmaxIndicate the number of current bit overturning, initial value 0；TmaxIt is maximum allowable overturning number, T is positive integer；L is list
Number, is transferred to sub-step (2).
(2) CRC-SCL decodings are executed and are transferred to sub-step (3) after CRC-SCL is decoded；
(3) if in L path candidate, there is the path by CRC check, then it is successfully decoded, will by CRC check and
The path of path metric minimum is exported as decoding, and decoding terminates, if current L paths enter not by CRC check
The bit-flipping decoding stage enables t=t+1, setting Indicate the index of current decoding bitIt is transferred to son
Step (4)；
(4) if t ＞ Tmax, SCLF decoding failures, decoding terminates, and otherwise, is transferred to sub-step (5)；
(5) current bit index is calculated according to (1) and (4)Place, the LLR and PM of each decoding path, if
Execute decoding process identical with existing CRC-SCL decoders；IfIt should then judge that current bit indexesPlace, each item
Then the state of decoding path carries out bit reversal, i.e., if a certain path b is in " SC shapes to the path for being in " SC states "
State ", then the of the pathA bitIt adjudicates as the following formula：
WhereinDefinition it is identical with (1), bottom right footmark b indicateIt is b paths
LLR；It is allAfter the completion of 1≤b≤L judgements,It is transferred to sub-step (6)；
(6) ifThen all bit estimations finish, and obtain L path candidate, are transferred to sub-step (3), otherwise turn
Enter sub-step (5).
Compared with the existing technology, beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows, and the polarization code in the present invention serially offsets list bit
Interpretation method is overturn, by the way that the decoding thought of bit reversal to be introduced into existing CRC-SCL decoders, forms SCLF decodings
Device, further improve polarization code in the case that limited code length BLER performances.The existing ratio only for SC design of encoder
The BLER performances of spy's overturning interpretation method (SCF) have limitation, i.e., design bit reversal mode, existing SCF in any case
The BLER performances of interpretation method can hardly be more than the CRC-SCL decoders of list number L >=32, but such limitation is at this
In invention and it is not present.For snr gain, under common code length (such as 256 or 512 bits), the SCLF in the present invention
The BLER performances of interpretation method are more than always about 0.15-0.2 decibels of the CRC-SCL decoders with same list number.Medium
Or compared with high s/n ratio (be more than or equal to 2.5 decibels) in the case of, compared with CRC-SCL decoders, the SCLF decodings in the present invention
Device will not introduce additional time complexity while promoting BLER performances.Also, due to the bit reversal of SCLF decoders
Decoding process is based on CRC-SCL decoders, this means that this same decoding hardware circuit may be reused, SCLF decodings
Device will not bring additional hardware complexity.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the binary tree structure schematic diagram for the polarization code that length is 8；
Fig. 2 is SCLF interpretation method flow charts.
Specific implementation mode
It elaborates below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings to the specific implementation mode of the present invention.
Embodiment 1：
For ease of illustrating, will hereinafter common mathematical symbol be described below with key concept.The base of brief introduction polarization code first
This concept.IfIt is sequence to be encoded, polarization code coded sequence isWherein N
It is the length of polarization code, GNIt is the generator matrix of polarization code.In freeze bit comprising K information bit and N-K are a, wherein freezing
The value of knot bit is fixed as bit 0, and the index set of information bit is denoted as A.Polarization code can be used such as the binary tree structure in Fig. 1
It indicates, bottom white nodes { u in Fig. 11,u2,u3,u5Represent and freeze bit, dark node { u4,u6,u7,u8Representative information
Bit, i.e. A=={ 4,6,7,8 }.The color of upper layer node represents the property for the bit to be encoded that it is included, such as reciprocal the
The node of two layers of leftmost side is white, this represents two that it includes bit { u to be encoded1,u2All it is to freeze bit；It is reciprocal
The node of the second layer rightmost side is black, this represents two that it includes bit { u to be encoded7,u8All it is information bit.Ash
The node of color indicates that bit that it is included is existing and freezes bit, and has information bit.
Polarization code carries out n times multiplexing by combining channel and channel splitting operation, to channel W, forms N number of equivalent bit letter
Road, wherein i-th is denoted asIt indicates to receive signal,It indicates
uiI-1 bit before.When SC decoders are to uiWhen being estimated, need to calculate uiCorresponding log-likelihood ratio (Log-
Likelihoodratio, LLR)
If uiTo freeze bit, then uiDirectly it is judged as bit 0；If uiInformation bit, then whenWhen, ui=0；WhenWhen, ui=1.
Next introduces the concept of (Rate1, the R1) node of code check 1 and crucial set (Criticalset, CS).It is shown in Fig. 1
Binary tree structure in, if the corresponding whole leaf nodes (node of the bottom) of some node i are information bit (black),
Then node i is known as R1 nodes, and all R1 nodes are irised out with solid box in Fig. 1.CS is by first in all R1 nodes
Information bit forms, and first information bit of all R1 nodes is irised out with dotted line frame in Fig. 1, the ratio in all dotted line frames
Spy constitutes CS.CS is used as bit reversal index set in existing bit-flipping decoding method.
Polarization code in the present invention serially offsets list bit-flipping decoding method, in awgn channel, using two into
Phase-shift keying (PSK) modulation system processed, polarization code code length N=256, information bit K=144 are generated with the cascade CRC code of polarization code
Multinomial g (x)=x16+x12+x2It is illustrated for+1：
As shown in Fig. 2, including the following steps：
The first step：Construct bit reversal index set；Bit reversal index set in the present invention, the referred to as crucial collection of correction
It closes (Revisedcriticalset, RCS), RCS is obtained by correcting existing CS.In CRC-SCL interpretation methods, list number
L is 2 power, noteWherein vA(i)∈ { 0,1 } is information bit, and K is the quantity of information bit, A (i)
Indicate i-th of element in information bit index set A；In CRC-SCL decoders pairWhen being estimated,All possible value is all decoded device preservation, therefore can not carry out bit reversal.It deletes in CS and includes
Bit vectorsObtain RCS：
Wherein set operator operation rule be：A B=A-A I B, i.e., remove A I B in set A；
Second step：With the docking collection of letters number of CRC-SCL decodersInto row decoding.If L path candidate
In there is path to pass through CRC check, then it is successfully decoded, stop decoding process；If not passing through the schools CRC in L path candidate
It tests, then this decoding failure, is transferred to third step；
Third walks：Carry out SCLF decodings.Log before decoding2L information bitWhen, the decoding of SCLF
Journey is identical as CRC-SCL.From 1+log2L information bitStart, SCLF decoders are according to RCS pairsWith
And subsequent information bit is overturn.To illustrate bit reversal rule, the path divided during SCLF decodings is first defined
State；
As decoding vi, when i ∈ A, L current decoding path is split into 2L items, and each in 2L decoding path is all
Path metric (PM) is assigned.At current bit index i ∈ A, the array P for storing this 2L path metric value(i)It is fixed
Justice is as follows：
WhereinIt is P(i)In a+1 rows, the element of b row indicates b paths by viIt is estimated as bit value
Path metric when a, wherein a ∈ { 0,1 } and 1≤b≤L.It calculates according to the following formula；
WhereinThe definition of 1≤k≤i is identical as (1), and bottom right footmark b is indicatedIt is the b articles road
The LLR of diameter.
Take P(i)The median of middle 2L element, is denoted as δ.Matrix Q(i)In a+1 rows, b row elementAs the following formula
Obtain (a ∈ { 0,1 } and b ∈ 1,2 ..., L })：
Obtain matrix Q(i)Afterwards, path splitting status can be defined；
IfAndAccording to the principle of list decoding, b paths should be deleted, at this time b
The state of paths is defined as " deleting state "；
IfAndAccording to the principle of list decoding, b paths should be replicated, the b articles at this time
The state in path is defined as " replicating state "；
If(or), according to the principle of list decoding, b paths are answered
This is by viIt is determined as 1 (or 0), process is decoded since such case is similar to SC, so the state of b paths is defined at this time
For " SC states "；
SCLF decoders in the present invention carry out bit reversal only for the path in " SC states ", SCLF decoders
Operation principle can be used following sub-step to describe：
(1) it initializes, according to the structural generation RCS set of polarization code, t=0, T is setmax=T and L, wherein t, 0≤t≤
TmaxIndicate the number of current bit overturning, initial value 0；TmaxIt is maximum allowable overturning number, T is positive integer；L is list
Number, is transferred to sub-step (2).
(2) CRC-SCL decodings are executed and are transferred to sub-step (3) after CRC-SCL is decoded；
(3) if in L path candidate, there is the path by CRC check, then it is successfully decoded, will by CRC check and
The path of path metric minimum is exported as decoding, and decoding terminates, if current L paths enter not by CRC check
The bit-flipping decoding stage enables t=t+1, setting Indicate the index of current decoding bitIt is transferred to son
Step (4)；
(4) if t ＞ Tmax, SCLF decoding failures, decoding terminates, and otherwise, is transferred to sub-step (5)；
(5) current bit index is calculated according to (1) and (4)Place, the LLR and PM of each decoding path, if
Execute decoding process identical with existing CRC-SCL decoders；IfIt should then judge that current bit indexesPlace, respectively
Then the state of decoding path carries out bit reversal, i.e., if a certain path b is in " SC to the path for being in " SC states "
State ", then the of the pathA bitIt adjudicates as the following formula：
WhereinDefinition it is identical with (1), bottom right footmark b indicateIt is b paths
LLR；It is allAfter the completion of 1≤b≤L judgements,It is transferred to sub-step (6)；
(6) ifThen all bit estimations finish, and obtain L path candidate, are transferred to sub-step (3), otherwise turn
Enter sub-step (5).
Polarization code in the present invention serially offsets list bit-flipping decoding method, passes through the decoding thought bit reversal
It is introduced into existing CRC-SCL decoders, forms SCLF decoders, further improve polarization code in limited code length situation
Under BLER performances.The BLER performances for overcoming existing SCF interpretation methods simultaneously can hardly be more than list number L >=32
The drawbacks of CRC-SCL decoders so that the BLER performances of the SCLF interpretation methods in the present invention are more than always to have same list
About 0.15-0.2 decibels of several CRC-SCL decoders.
It should be noted that above-described embodiment is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is not to appoint to the present invention
The limitation of what other forms, and according to the technical essence of the invention made by any modification or equivalent variations, still fall within the present invention
Range claimed.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of serial counteracting list bit-flipping decoding method of polarization code, which is characterized in that the method includes following steps
Suddenly：
The first step：Construct bit reversal index set；
Second step：With the docking collection of letters number of CRC-SCL decodersInto row decoding；
Third walks：Carry out SCLF decodings.
2. the serial counteracting list bit-flipping decoding method of polarization code according to claim 1, which is characterized in that first
Step：Bit reversal index set is constructed, specific as follows, the bit reversal index set, the referred to as crucial set of correction
(Revisedcriticalset, RCS), RCS is obtained by correcting existing CS, in CRC-SCL interpretation methods, list number L
It is 2 power, noteWherein vA(i)∈ { 0,1 } is information bit, and K is the quantity of information bit, A (i) tables
Show i-th of element in information bit index set A, in CRC-SCL decoders pairEstimated
When,All possible value is all decoded device preservation, deletes the bit vectors for including in CSObtain RCS：
Wherein set operator operation rule be：A B=A-A I B, i.e., remove A I B in set A.
3. the serial counteracting list bit-flipping decoding method of polarization code according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Second step：With the docking collection of letters number of CRC-SCL decodersInto row decoding；It is specific as follows, if L item candidates road
There is path to pass through CRC check in diameter, then it is successfully decoded, stop decoding process；If not passing through CRC in L path candidate
Verification, then this decoding failure, is transferred to third step.
4. the serial counteracting list bit-flipping decoding method of polarization code according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Third walks：SCLF decodings are carried out, specific as follows, log before decoding2L information bitWhen, the decoding of SCLF
Process is identical as CRC-SCL, from 1+log2L information bitStart, SCLF decoders are according to RCS pairs
With and subsequent information bit overturn.
5. the serial counteracting list bit-flipping decoding method of polarization code according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Bit reversal rule in third step, first defines the path splitting status during SCLF decodings；As decoding vi, when i ∈ A, when
L preceding decoding path is split into 2L items, and path metric (PM) is all assigned in each in 2L decoding path, current
At bit index i ∈ A, the array P for storing this 2L path metric value(i)It is defined as follows：
WhereinIt is P(i)In a+1 rows, the element of b row indicates b paths by viWhen being estimated as bit value a
Path metric, wherein a ∈ { 0,1 } and 1≤b≤L,It calculates according to the following formula；
WhereinThe definition of 1≤k≤i is identical as (1), and bottom right footmark b is indicatedIt is b paths
LLR；
Take P(i)The median of middle 2L element, is denoted as δ；Matrix Q(i)In a+1 rows, b row elementIt obtains as the following formula
(a ∈ { 0,1 } and b ∈ 1,2 ..., L })：
Obtain matrix Q(i)Afterwards, path splitting status can be defined；
IfAndAccording to the principle of list decoding, b paths should be deleted, at this time the b articles road
The state of diameter is defined as " deleting state "；IfAndAccording to the principle of list decoding, b paths
It should be replicated, the state of b paths is defined as " replicating state " at this time；If(or), according to the principle of list decoding, b paths should be by viIt is determined as 1 (or 0), due to this feelings
Condition is similar to SC and decodes process, so the state of b paths is defined as " SC states " at this time.
6. the course of work of any one of the claim 1-5 SCLF decoders is as follows：
(1) it initializes, according to the structural generation RCS set of polarization code, t=0, T is setmax=T and L, wherein t, 0≤t≤Tmax
Indicate the number of current bit overturning, initial value 0；TmaxIt is maximum allowable overturning number, T is positive integer；L is list number,
It is transferred to sub-step (2).
(2) CRC-SCL decodings are executed and are transferred to sub-step (3) after CRC-SCL is decoded；
(3) if in L path candidate, there is the path by CRC check, then it is successfully decoded, CRC check and path will be passed through
The minimum path of measurement is exported as decoding, and decoding terminates, if current L paths enter bit not by CRC check
The decoding stage is overturn, t=t+1 is enabled, is arranged Indicate the index of current decoding bitIt is transferred to sub-step
(4)；
(4) if t ＞ Tmax, SCLF decoding failures, decoding terminates, and otherwise, is transferred to sub-step (5)；
(5) current bit index is calculated according to (1) and (4)Place, the LLR and PM of each decoding path, ifIt executes
Decoding process identical with existing CRC-SCL decoders；IfIt should then judge that current bit indexesPlace, each item are translated
Then the state in code path carries out bit reversal, i.e., if a certain path b is in " SC shapes to the path for being in " SC states "
State ", then the of the pathA bitIt adjudicates as the following formula：
WhereinDefinition it is identical with (1), bottom right footmark b indicateIt is the LLR of b paths；Institute
HaveAfter the completion of 1≤b≤L judgements,It is transferred to sub-step (6)；
(6) ifThen all bit estimations finish, and obtain L path candidate, are transferred to sub-step (3), are otherwise transferred to son
Step (5).
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| CN113676288A (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2021-11-19 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Decoding value copying method for polar code serial offset list decoder |
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| CN113676288A (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2021-11-19 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Decoding value copying method for polar code serial offset list decoder |
| CN113676288B (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2022-06-24 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Decoding value copying method for polar code serial offset list decoder |
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