CN108563615B - Evaluation method of polyurethane hole bubbles of post insulator - Google Patents

Evaluation method of polyurethane hole bubbles of post insulator Download PDF

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CN108563615B
CN108563615B CN201810312017.9A CN201810312017A CN108563615B CN 108563615 B CN108563615 B CN 108563615B CN 201810312017 A CN201810312017 A CN 201810312017A CN 108563615 B CN108563615 B CN 108563615B
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梅红伟
管兮远
王黎明
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Shenzhen Graduate School Tsinghua University
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Abstract

According to the evaluation method of the polyurethane pore bubbles of the post insulator, provided by the invention, a proper amount of pore bubble test points on the cross section and the longitudinal section are selected in the post insulator, the parameters of the pore diameter, the porosity and the specific surface area are measured by a mercury intrusion method, the measured values are further compared with the threshold values of all the parameters by combining with the characteristic quantity of pore diameter distribution, the post insulator with qualified polyurethane pore bubbles is screened out, the good evaluation effect on the polyurethane pore bubbles of the post insulator is achieved, and the excellent overall performance of the post insulator applied subsequently is ensured.

Description

Evaluation method of polyurethane hole bubbles of post insulator
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of insulators, in particular to an evaluation method for polyurethane pores of a post insulator.
Background
The polyurethane is used as an internal insulating material in the pouring type composite post insulator, and the problem of uneven distribution of the pores and the bubbles is easily caused. The existence of such a problem may cause distortion of an electric field in the post insulator, possibly causing partial discharge, and in severe cases, may cause the post insulator to be broken down, thereby affecting safe and stable operation of the power transmission system. The existing polyurethane hole foam evaluation method cannot comprehensively and systematically evaluate the hole foam, so that the overall performance of the pouring type post insulator is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, there is a need for an improved method for evaluating polyurethane foam in a post insulator, which combines mercury intrusion method and characterization of pore size distribution, and can effectively evaluate the performance of polyurethane foam in the post insulator, and thus can evaluate the overall performance of the post insulator.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a method for evaluating polyurethane foam of a post insulator comprises the following steps:
determining sampling points of the polyurethane hole bubbles on the cross section and the longitudinal section of the post insulator;
testing the pore diameter, porosity and specific surface area of the sampling point by a mercury intrusion method, and preprocessing data;
and comparing the test value with a threshold value of each set parameter, and determining that the evaluation result of the hole bubbles is qualified when the evaluation results on the cross section and the longitudinal section are both qualified.
Furthermore, the number of sampling points on the cross section is not less than 5, and the number of sampling points on the longitudinal section is not less than 5.
Further, each sampling point was measured at least three times by mercury intrusion method, and the average value was taken as the measured value of pore diameter, porosity and specific surface area.
Further, in the comparison step, the average pore diameter R of each sampling point is first screened, wherein:
when the average aperture R of all sampling points is within the aperture setting threshold, other parameters are continuously compared;
and when the average pore diameter R of a sampling point is not within the pore diameter set threshold value, the evaluation is finished, and the pore bubble evaluation result is unqualified.
Further, when the average pore diameter R of all the sampling points is within the set threshold value of the pore diameter, the standard deviations of the pore diameter, the porosity and the specific surface area of the sampling points on the cross section and the longitudinal section are continuously compared with the set threshold values of the parameters.
Further, when all the standard deviations of the pore diameter, the porosity and the specific surface area are set threshold values of all the parameters, the evaluation is finished, and the pore evaluation result is qualified;
and when one or more standard deviations of the pore diameter, the porosity and the specific surface area are not in the set threshold value of each parameter, the evaluation is finished, and the pore evaluation result is unqualified.
Further, 7 sampling points are selected on the orthogonal coordinate system, and are 1(0, 0, 0.5r), 2(-0.5r, 0, 0), 3(0, 0.5r, 0), 4(0, 0, 0), 5(0.5r, 0, 0), 6(0, -0.5r, 0), 7(0, 0, -0.5r), wherein the origin of coordinates is the center of the cylindrical post insulator, and r is the radius of the cylinder.
Further, the threshold range of the average pore size is less than 100 um.
Go toStep one, cross section screening, wherein the threshold range of the aperture standard deviation is less than 20 um; the threshold range of the standard deviation of porosity is less than 5%; the threshold range of the standard deviation of the specific surface area is less than 10m2/g。
Further, longitudinal section screening, wherein the threshold range of the standard deviation of the aperture is less than 40 um; the threshold range of the standard deviation of porosity is less than 10%; the threshold range of the standard deviation of the specific surface area is less than 15m2/g。
Compared with the prior art, the evaluation method of the polyurethane pore bubbles of the post insulator provided by the invention has the advantages that a proper amount of pore bubble test points on the cross section and the longitudinal section are selected in the post insulator, the parameters of the pore diameter, the porosity and the specific surface area are measured by a mercury intrusion method, the measured values are further compared with the threshold values of the parameters by combining with the characteristic quantity of the pore diameter distribution, the post insulator with qualified polyurethane pore bubbles is screened out, the good evaluation effect on the polyurethane pore bubbles of the post insulator is realized, and the excellent overall performance of the post insulator applied subsequently is ensured.
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The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 shows an evaluation process of polyurethane foam for a post insulator according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the polyurethane foam sampling points of the post insulator of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
the following detailed description further illustrates embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the above-described figures.
Detailed Description
So that the manner in which the above recited objects, features and advantages of embodiments of the present invention can be understood in detail, a more particular description of the invention, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to the embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. In addition, the features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the invention, and the described embodiments are merely a subset of embodiments of the invention, rather than a complete embodiment. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without any creative effort belong to the protection scope of the embodiments of the present invention.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which embodiments of the present invention belong. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the embodiments of the invention.
Since the development, the poured composite post insulator is applied to bus posts and isolator post insulators of a plurality of key projects in China in a large scale. The polyurethane as the insulating filling material inside the insulating material has the characteristics of high strength, light weight, good electric insulating property and the like. However, polyurethane is a porous material, and the presence of such a structure tends to distort the electric field in the post insulator, which may cause partial discharge. Based on the hazards, the problem of the hole bubbles in the pouring type post insulator seriously influences the safe and stable operation of the pouring type post insulator in a power transmission system. To avoid the problem of foam in the poured post insulator, the most effective method is to improve the polyurethane foaming process and the polyurethane formulation. However, polyurethane foaming is a less controllable process, and is often interfered by the external environment, resulting in uneven quality of the poured post insulator. Therefore, it is necessary to study the porous structure of polyurethane and to develop a method for evaluating the cells of polyurethane to further optimize the material and electrical properties.
According to the evaluation method of the polyurethane porous bubble of the post insulator, provided by the invention, a performance evaluation system of a porous structure is established by adopting a mercury intrusion method and a pore size distribution analysis means, so that the post insulator with better quality is effectively screened out, further uncertain factors of performance optimization are reduced, and the material characteristics and the electrical characteristics of the post insulator are further optimized. Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP), also known as Mercury Porosimetry, is a method for determining the pore size distribution of a portion of mesopores and macropores. The characteristics of the corresponding hole can be known by mainly measuring the mercury amount in the hole under different external pressures. The basic principle of mercury intrusion measurement is that according to the Washburn equation, only pressure and volume change are required to be recorded during measurement, and data such as pore size distribution, porosity, specific surface area and the like can be converted through a mathematical model. The method has intuitive and reliable result, has wider range of the measured hole diameter than other methods, and can reflect the conditions of most sample hole structures. Mercury porosimetry is commonly used in materials science and engineering to detect porosities of concrete, mortar, etc. to characterize indexes such as air holes in concrete. The pore size distribution is one of the important properties of the porous material, and has significant influence on other properties of the porous body, such as permeability, permeation rate, filtration performance and the like, for example, the main function of the porous material filter is to retain solid particles dispersed in fluid, and the pore size distribution determine the filtration precision and the retention efficiency. Based on this, the pore size distribution characterization method and the measurement method are receiving much attention.
Referring to fig. 1, a method for evaluating polyurethane foam of a post insulator includes the following steps:
101: determining sampling points of the polyurethane hole bubbles on the cross section and the longitudinal section of the post insulator; wherein:
the number of sampling points on the cross section is not less than 5;
the number of sampling points on the longitudinal section is not less than 5;
102: testing the pore diameter, porosity and specific surface area of the sampling point by a mercury intrusion method, and preprocessing data; wherein:
testing each sampling point at least three times by adopting a mercury intrusion method, and recording the average value as the measured values of the pore diameter, the porosity and the specific surface area;
103: comparing the test value with a threshold value of each parameter, wherein when the evaluation results on the cross section and the longitudinal section are both qualified, the hole and bubble evaluation result is qualified, otherwise, the hole and bubble evaluation result is unqualified, wherein:
1031, screening the average pore diameter R of each sampling point:
A) when the average aperture R of all sampling points is within the aperture setting threshold, other parameters are continuously compared;
B) and when the average pore diameter R of a sampling point is not within the pore diameter set threshold value, the evaluation is finished, and the pore bubble evaluation result is unqualified.
1032: when the average pore diameter R of all sampling points is within the set pore diameter threshold, continuously comparing the standard deviation of the pore diameter, the porosity and the specific surface area of the sampling points of the cross section with the set threshold of each parameter:
when all standard deviations of the pore diameter, the porosity and the specific surface area are set threshold values of all parameters, the evaluation is finished, and the evaluation result of the pore bubbles is that the cross section is qualified; and when one or more standard deviations of the pore diameter, the porosity and the specific surface area are not in the set threshold value of each parameter, the evaluation is finished, and the pore evaluation result is unqualified.
1033: when the average pore diameter R of all sampling points is within the set pore diameter threshold, the standard deviation of the pore diameter, the porosity and the specific surface area of the sampling points on the longitudinal section is continuously compared with the set threshold of each parameter:
when all standard deviations of the pore diameter, the porosity and the specific surface area are set threshold values of all parameters, the evaluation is finished, and the evaluation result of the pore bubbles is that the longitudinal section is qualified; and when one or more standard deviations of the pore diameter, the porosity and the specific surface area are not in the set threshold value of each parameter, the evaluation is finished, and the pore evaluation result is unqualified.
Referring also to fig. 2, in one embodiment, the post insulator is a cylinder with a radius r, and the evaluation of the polyurethane foam of the post insulator is as follows:
taking the center of the cylinder as an origin (0, 0, 0), constructing a coordinate system by an orthogonal cross section and a longitudinal section, and selecting 7 sampling points on the orthogonal coordinate system, wherein the 7 sampling points are 1(0, 0, 0.5r), 2(-0.5r, 0, 0), 3(0, 0.5r, 0), 4(0, 0, 0), 5(0.5r, 0, 0), 6(0, -0.5r, 0), 7(0, 0, -0.5 r);
and respectively testing 7 sampling points by a mercury intrusion method to carry out pore bubble analysis to obtain the distribution condition of the pore bubbles, and averaging according to i times of parallel experiment data to obtain the measured values of the pore diameter, the porosity and the specific surface area of the 7 sampling points, wherein i is 3. Wherein:
Figure BDA0001622660090000061
——Rjthe average pore diameter of j sample point, j is 1,2,3,4,5,6, 7;
——R1j、R2j、Rijthe aperture value of the j sampling point measured for a single test;
Figure BDA0001622660090000062
——Pjaverage porosity for the j sample point;
——V0is the volume of the material in the natural state;
——V1j、V2j、Vijabsolute dense volume of j sample points measured for a single experiment;
Figure BDA0001622660090000063
——SAjthe average specific surface area of the j sample point;
——Sijthe total area of the j sample points measured for a single experiment;
——mijthe mass of the j sample point measured for a single experiment.
First, 7 sampling points R are comparedjWhether or not the predetermined threshold is satisfied, in this embodiment, when R isjIf the sampling point is less than 100um, the standard insulator is qualified, if one or more sampling points of the 7 sampling points of one pillar insulator are not met, the standard insulator is unqualified, and the evaluation result of the hole bubble is unqualified.
When the average pore diameter is qualified, the following parameters are continuously compared:
selecting 5 sampling points on the cross section, respectively2(-0.5R, 0, 0), 3(0, 0.5R, 0), 4(0, 0, 0), 5(0.5R, 0, 0), 6(0, -0.5R, 0), depending on the measured pore size (R)2、R3、R4、R5、R6) Porosity (P)2、P3、P4、P5、P6) Specific surface area calculation (SA)2、SA3、SA4、SA5、SA6) The standard deviation of the pore diameter, the standard deviation of the porosity and the standard deviation of the specific surface area were calculated according to the following formulas, respectively.
Figure BDA0001622660090000071
Figure BDA0001622660090000072
Figure BDA0001622660090000073
In the present embodiment, when I is 1,2,3,4, or 5, (R)I、PI、SAI) The pore diameter, porosity and specific surface area of the sampling points are 2,3,4,5 and 6 in sequence. For example, I ═ 1, (R)I、PI、SAI) Pore size, porosity and specific surface area taken at 2 sampling points. In addition, (R)av、Pav、SAav) The average values of pore size, porosity and specific surface area of the 2,3,4,5,6 sample points, respectively.
Selecting 5 sampling points on the cross section, namely 1(0, 0, 0.5R), 2(-0.5R, 0, 0), 4(0, 0, 0), 5(0.5R, 0, 0), 7(0, 0, -0.5R), according to the measured aperture (R)1、R2、R4、R5、R7) Porosity (P)1、P2、P4、P5、P7) Specific surface area calculation (SA)1、SA2、SA4、SA5、SA7) Calculating standard deviation of pore diameter and porosity by referring to the above formulaStandard deviation and standard deviation of specific surface area. In the present embodiment, when I is 1,2, 4,5, or 7, (R)I、PI、SAI) The pore diameter, the porosity and the specific surface area of the sampling points are 1,2, 4,5 and 7 in sequence.
Comparing the standard deviations of the pore diameter, the porosity and the specific surface area after pretreatment one by one to set parameter threshold values:
cross section: when sigma isR< 20um and σP< 5% and σSA＜10m2At/g, the evaluation results: the cross section is qualified; otherwise, the evaluation is finished, and the evaluation result is as follows: and the evaluation of the blister is not qualified.
On the longitudinal section: when sigma isR< 40um and σP< 10% and σSA＜15m2At/g, the evaluation results: the longitudinal section is qualified; otherwise, the evaluation is finished, and the evaluation result is as follows: and the evaluation of the blister is not qualified.
In conclusion, when the cross section and the longitudinal section are qualified, the evaluation is finished, and the evaluation result is as follows: and the hole bubble is qualified, and the post insulator can be further applied.
In other embodiments, the number of the sampling points is not limited to 7, each averaging experiment may not be limited to three, and may be more, such as 4 times, 5 times, 6 times, etc., the cross section and the longitudinal section may be non-orthogonal, such as forming an included angle of 60 ° or 45 °, etc., and according to the requirement of the overall performance evaluation, a combination of a plurality of cross sections or longitudinal sections may also be selected, without being limited to the present embodiment. The threshold value of each parameter may be changed due to the progress of the foaming process and the manufacturing method, and other processing data of the measured value may be compared and evaluated (for example, variance, uncertainty, and the like), and the present embodiment is not limited thereto.
The evaluation method can judge the overall performance of the post insulator from the numerical value of each parameter while screening the post insulator with better performance, and the smaller the standard difference value is, the better the uniformity of the hole bubbles is, and the better the performance of the post insulator is correspondingly.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A method for evaluating polyurethane foam of a post insulator is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
determining sampling points of the polyurethane hole bubbles on the cross section and the longitudinal section of the post insulator;
testing the pore diameter, porosity and specific surface area of the sampling points by a mercury intrusion method, and preprocessing data, wherein each sampling point is tested at least three times by the mercury intrusion method, and the average value is recorded as the measured value of the pore diameter, the porosity and the specific surface area;
comparing the test value with a threshold value set for each parameter, and screening the average aperture R of each sampling point in the comparison step, wherein: when the average aperture R of all sampling points is within the aperture setting threshold, other parameters are continuously compared; when the average aperture R of a sampling point is not within the aperture setting threshold, the evaluation is finished, and the pore evaluation result is unqualified;
and when the average pore diameter R of all the sampling points is within the set pore diameter threshold, continuously and respectively comparing the standard deviation of the pore diameter, the porosity and the specific surface area of the sampling points on the cross section and the longitudinal section with the set threshold of each parameter, and when the evaluation results on the cross section and the longitudinal section are both qualified, the evaluation result of the pore bubbles is qualified.
2. The method for evaluating a post insulator polyurethane foam according to claim 1, wherein: the number of sampling points on the cross section is not less than 5, and the number of sampling points on the longitudinal section is not less than 5.
3. The method for evaluating a post insulator polyurethane foam according to claim 1, wherein: when all the standard deviations of the pore diameter, the porosity and the specific surface area are set threshold values of all the parameters, the evaluation is finished, and the pore evaluation result is qualified;
and when one or more standard deviations of the pore diameter, the porosity and the specific surface area are not in the set threshold value of each parameter, the evaluation is finished, and the pore evaluation result is unqualified.
4. The method for evaluating a post insulator polyurethane foam according to claim 2, wherein: selecting 7 sampling points on an orthogonal coordinate system, wherein the sampling points are 1(0, 0, 0.5r), 2(-0.5r, 0, 0), 3(0, 0.5r, 0), 4(0, 0, 0), 5(0.5r, 0, 0), 6(0, -0.5r, 0), 7(0, 0, -0.5r), the origin of coordinates is the center of the cylindrical post insulator, and r is the radius of the cylinder.
5. The method for evaluating a post insulator polyurethane foam according to claim 1, wherein: the threshold range of the average pore size is less than 100 um.
6. The method of evaluating post insulator polyurethane foam according to claim 3, wherein: cross section screening, wherein the threshold range of the aperture standard deviation is less than 20 um; the threshold range of the standard deviation of porosity is less than 5%; the threshold range of the standard deviation of the specific surface area is less than 10m2/g。
7. The method of evaluating post insulator polyurethane foam according to claim 3, wherein: screening longitudinal sections, wherein the threshold range of the standard deviation of the aperture is less than 40 um; the threshold range of the standard deviation of porosity is less than 10%; the threshold range of the standard deviation of the specific surface area is less than 15m2/g。
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