CN108560617B - Pile body defect detection method - Google Patents
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Abstract
A pile body defect detection method comprises the steps of arranging an excitation source in soil around a pile beside a pile foundation, detecting a transmitted stress wave signal through a sensor arranged on the side wall of the top of the pile foundation, and determining the quality of the pile foundation and the position of a pile body defect in the pile foundation according to the position of a head wave slope inflection point in a time-depth oscillogram. Wherein, compare through the head wave time that will wait to detect the pile foundation and the head wave time of standard pile foundation to can predetermine the pile foundation and all have the pile body defect, when the pile foundation does not have the pile body defect, then no longer confirm the position of pile body defect through the excitation source of different positions, under the condition of same detection effect, can reduce check-out time, improve detection efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pile foundation detection, in particular to a pile body defect detection method.
Background
Pile foundations, as a form of deep foundation structure, have been widely used in the field of civil engineering. The pile foundation can transfer the dead weight and the load of the upper structure to the stable soil layer contacted with the pile foundation, thereby greatly reducing the settlement of the foundation and the uneven settlement of the building. The pile foundation has the advantages of high bearing capacity, small settlement, strong shock resistance and the like, is widely applied in some areas with complex geological conditions, soft soil and multiple earthquakes, and has considerable effect.
The pile foundation can be divided into a cast-in-place pile and a precast pile according to the manufacturing process, wherein the cast-in-place pile is widely used, such as: bridge, highway, railway, high-rise building and other engineering. However, in the process of constructing and manufacturing the pile foundation, due to the influence of factors such as construction technology, personnel operation, external conditions, material quality and the like, the defects of pile breakage, neck expansion, diameter reduction, segregation, mud inclusion, sediment, cavities and the like are easily caused, the defects are potential hidden dangers of the building and greatly influence the quality of the building, and once the quality of an upper structure cannot be loaded at the defect part, the building collapses and is seriously lost. Therefore, pile foundation detection is very important, and the quality of the building can be greatly improved only by timely detecting the defective pile and taking effective prevention and treatment measures.
At present, in China, pile foundation detection methods are various, including a drilling coring method, an acoustic transmission method, a high strain method, a low strain method and the like. The reflection wave method in the low strain process is the mainstream method for detecting the quality of the pile foundation due to the simple basic principle, the rapidness and the no damage, the visual data interpretation and the higher accuracy. The basic principle of low strain reflection wave method detection is as follows: applying transient exciting force to pile top, and sticking the sensor to the pile top to receive pile body signal (such as acceleration signal and speed signal). And judging the defects of the pile body by analyzing the speed response curve and the vibration response of the pile. However, the conventional low-strain reflection method generates excitation through the pile top, when the length-diameter ratio of the foundation pile is too large, the intensity of a reflected signal at the pile bottom is reduced, and in addition, the structure of the pile top also generates interference on the excitation signal.
In the prior art, the invention patent of CN201510072408.4 by the institute of highway science of transportation department provides a pile foundation quality detection device by exciting inside a pile side borehole, wherein an excitation source is arranged in the soil around the pile beside the pile foundation, a sensor arranged on the top side wall of the pile foundation is used for detecting a transmitted stress wave signal, and the position of a pile body defect in the pile foundation is determined according to the position of a head wave slope inflection point in a time-depth oscillogram.
By the method disclosed by the patent of CN201510072408.4, the problem of too weak reflected wave signals can be avoided, and the method is not limited by a pile top structure and can be used for detecting a pile foundation in construction or an in-service pile foundation. However, the pile foundation with pile body defects in engineering practice usually does not exceed 20%, in the method, an excitation source needs to be lowered from a pipe orifice at the upper end of the excitation wave tube to the bottom of the excitation wave tube from top to bottom at a certain interval during detection of each pile foundation, the detection process is complex, and much time is spent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a pile body defect detection method as an improvement of the patent of CN201510072408.4, which can improve the detection efficiency and reduce the time spent in the detection process.
As an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a pile body defect detecting method, including the steps of: (1) arranging a first excitation wave tube in the pile surrounding soil of the defect-free pile foundation, and arranging a first acceleration sensor on the side wall of the top end part of the pile foundation; (2) placing an excitation source at the bottom of a first excitation wave tube for excitation, and detecting the time Tf of a stress wave head wave reaching a first acceleration sensor through the first acceleration sensor; (3) arranging a second excitation wave tube in the surrounding soil of the pile foundation to be detected, and arranging a second acceleration sensor on the side wall of the top end part of the pile foundation to be detected; (4) placing an excitation source at the bottom of a second excitation wave tube for excitation, and detecting the time Ts when the stress wave head wave reaches a second acceleration sensor through the second acceleration sensor; (5) the data analyzer judges whether the pile foundation to be detected has a pile body defect according to the difference value of Tf and Ts, and if so, the step (6) is carried out; entering a step (9) if no pile body defect exists; (6) the excitation source is placed downwards from top to bottom at a certain interval through the pipe orifice of the second excitation wave pipe, and the excitation source starts to excite when the excitation source is placed at one position; (7) the second acceleration sensor acquires stress wave signals when the excitation source excites the vibration each time; (8) a data analyzer receives the detection signal of the second acceleration sensor and the detection signal of the position information of the excitation source, a time-depth oscillogram is made, and the position of the pile body defect is determined according to the position of the inflection point of the slope of the first wave in the time-depth oscillogram; (9) and finishing the quality detection of the pile foundation to be detected.
Preferably, the specifications and depths of the pile foundation to be detected and the defect-free pile foundation are the same.
Preferably, in the step (3), the horizontal distance between the second excitation wave tube and the pile foundation to be detected is equal to the horizontal distance between the first excitation wave tube and the non-defective pile foundation in the step (1).
Preferably, in the step (3), the height of the second acceleration sensor is equal to the height of the second acceleration sensor in the step (1).
Preferably, in the step (5), if the absolute value of the difference between Tf and Ts is less than or equal to the threshold, determining whether the pile foundation to be detected has a pile body defect; otherwise, judging that the pile foundation to be detected has no pile body defect.
As one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a pile body defect detecting method, including the steps of: (1) arranging a first excitation wave tube in the pile surrounding soil of the defect-free pile foundation, and arranging a first acceleration sensor on the side wall of the top end part of the pile foundation; (2) placing an excitation source at the bottom of a first excitation wave tube for excitation, and detecting the time Tf of a stress wave head wave reaching a first acceleration sensor through the first acceleration sensor; (3) arranging a second excitation wave tube in the surrounding soil of the pile foundation to be detected, and arranging a second acceleration sensor on the side wall of the top end part of the pile foundation to be detected; (4) placing an excitation source at the bottom of a second excitation wave tube for excitation, and detecting the time Ts when the stress wave head wave reaches a second acceleration sensor through the second acceleration sensor; (5) judging whether the pile foundation to be detected has a pile body defect or not according to the difference value of Tf and Ts, and entering the step (6) if the pile body defect exists; entering a step (11) if no pile body defect exists; (6) arranging a differential measurement column beside the shock excitation wave tube; (7) arranging a differential acceleration sensor on the side wall of the top end part of the differential measurement column; (8) the excitation source is placed downwards from top to bottom at a certain interval through the pipe orifice of the second excitation wave pipe, and the excitation source starts to excite when the excitation source is placed at one position; (9) the second acceleration sensor and the differential acceleration sensor acquire stress wave signals each time the excitation source excites; (10) the data analyzer receives the detection signal of the second acceleration sensor, the position information of the excitation source and the detection signal of the differential sensor, and determines the position of a pile body defect in the pile foundation to be detected; (11) and finishing the quality detection of the pile foundation to be detected.
Preferably, the specifications and depths of the pile foundation to be detected and the defect-free pile foundation are the same.
Preferably, in the step (3), the horizontal distance between the second excitation wave tube and the pile foundation to be detected is equal to the horizontal distance between the first excitation wave tube and the non-defective pile foundation in the step (1).
Preferably, in the step (3), the height of the second acceleration sensor is equal to the height of the first acceleration sensor in the step (1).
Preferably, in the step (5), if the absolute value of the difference between Tf and Ts is less than or equal to the threshold, determining whether the pile foundation to be detected has a pile body defect; otherwise, judging that the pile foundation to be detected has no pile body defect.
Preferably, in the step (6), the distance between the differential measurement column and the second shock wave tube is equal to the distance between the pile foundation to be detected and the second shock wave tube, and the length of the differential measurement column is also equal to the length of the pile foundation to be detected.
Preferably, in the step (7), a level of the differential acceleration sensor is equal to a level of the second acceleration sensor.
Preferably, in the step (10), the data analyzer determines the time t1 when the stress wave initially reaches the differential acceleration sensor according to the detection signal of the differential acceleration sensor; subtracting the time t1 when the stress wave initially reaches the differential acceleration sensor from the received detection time t2 of the second acceleration sensor to obtain differential time t; and the data analyzer generates a differential time-depth oscillogram according to the depth of the excitation source, the differential time t and the detection signal amplitude of the acceleration sensor at the detection time t2 corresponding to the differential time t, and determines the position of the head wave slope inflection point according to the differential time-depth oscillogram, so that the depth corresponding to the head wave slope inflection point is the position of the pile body defect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a pile body defect detection method according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a pile body defect detecting method according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention will be briefly described below by using embodiments, and it is obvious that the following description is only one embodiment of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other technical solutions can be obtained according to the embodiments without inventive labor, and also fall within the disclosure of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a pile body defect detecting method according to a first embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps: (1) arranging a first excitation wave tube in the pile surrounding soil of the defect-free pile foundation, and arranging a first acceleration sensor on the side wall of the top end part of the pile foundation; (2) placing an excitation source at the bottom of a first excitation wave tube for excitation, and detecting the time Tf of a stress wave head wave reaching a first acceleration sensor through the first acceleration sensor; (3) arranging a second excitation wave tube in the surrounding soil of the pile foundation to be detected, and arranging a second acceleration sensor on the side wall of the top end part of the pile foundation to be detected; (4) placing an excitation source at the bottom of a second excitation wave tube for excitation, and detecting the time Ts when the stress wave head wave reaches a second acceleration sensor through the second acceleration sensor; (5) the data analyzer judges whether the pile foundation to be detected has a pile body defect according to the difference value of Tf and Ts, and if so, the step (6) is carried out; entering a step (9) if no pile body defect exists; (6) the excitation source is placed downwards from top to bottom at a certain interval through the pipe orifice of the second excitation wave pipe, and the excitation source starts to excite when the excitation source is placed at one position; (7) the second acceleration sensor acquires stress wave signals when the excitation source excites the vibration each time; (8) a data analyzer receives the detection signal of the second acceleration sensor and the detection signal of the position information of the excitation source, a time-depth oscillogram is made, and the position of the pile body defect is determined according to the position of the inflection point of the slope of the first wave in the time-depth oscillogram; (9) and finishing the quality detection of the pile foundation to be detected.
Specifically, in the step (1), a first excitation wave tube is arranged at a position with a horizontal distance of 1-2 m of the non-defective pile foundation. The first excitation wave tube and the non-defective pile foundation are arranged in parallel, a PVC tube can be used as the first excitation wave tube, the upper end of the first excitation wave tube is open, the lower end of the first excitation wave tube is closed, and the bottom depth of the first excitation wave tube is 3-4 m longer than that of the non-defective pile foundation. And then, arranging a first acceleration sensor on the side wall of the top part of the non-defective pile foundation for detecting a stress wave signal generated by an excitation source.
In the step (2), an excitation source is placed at the bottom of the first excitation wave tube, the excitation source starts to excite to generate a stress wave signal, and the time Tf of the stress wave head wave reaching the first acceleration sensor is detected through the first acceleration sensor.
And (3) arranging a second shock excitation wave tube in the surrounding soil of the pile foundation to be detected, wherein the specification and installation depth of the second shock excitation wave tube are the same as those of the first shock excitation wave tube, and the horizontal distance between the second shock excitation wave tube and the pile foundation to be detected is equal to that between the first shock excitation wave tube and the defect-free pile foundation in the step (1). And (3) then, arranging a second acceleration sensor on the side wall of the top end part of the pile foundation to be detected, wherein the second acceleration sensor is used for detecting a stress wave signal generated by an excitation source, and the height of the second acceleration sensor is equal to that of the first acceleration sensor in the step (1).
In the step (4), an excitation source is placed at the bottom of a second excitation wave tube for excitation to generate a stress wave signal, and the time Ts when a stress wave head wave reaches a second acceleration sensor is detected through the second acceleration sensor;
in the step (5), the data analyzer judges whether the pile foundation to be detected has a pile body defect according to the difference value between Tf and Ts, and judges whether the pile foundation to be detected has the pile body defect or not if the absolute value of the difference value between Tf and Ts is smaller than or equal to a threshold value, and the step (6) is carried out; otherwise, judging that the pile foundation to be detected has no pile body defect, and finishing the measurement of the device to be detected. Wherein the threshold value may be determined according to a detection error of the acceleration sensor.
And (6) putting the excitation source down through the pipe orifice of the second excitation wave pipe at a certain interval from top to bottom, and starting excitation by the excitation source to generate a stress wave signal when the excitation source is put down to a position. Preferably, the excitation signal may be generated, for example, by setting the step size to a depth of 0.3m, 0.4m, or 0.5m, the excitation source position information may be collected by a depth counter, and the depth counter outputs the collected excitation source position information to the data analyzer.
In the step (7), the second acceleration sensor acquires stress wave signals when the excitation source excites vibration every time.
In the step (8), the data analyzer receives the detection signal of the second acceleration sensor and the detection signal of the position information of the excitation source, a time-depth oscillogram is made, and the position of the pile body defect is determined according to the position of the inflection point of the slope of the first wave in the time-depth oscillogram.
And (9) ending the measurement process of the pile foundation to be detected.
Referring to fig. 2, a pile body defect detecting method according to a second embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps: (1) arranging a first excitation wave tube in the pile surrounding soil of the defect-free pile foundation, and arranging a first acceleration sensor on the side wall of the top end part of the pile foundation; (2) placing an excitation source at the bottom of a first excitation wave tube for excitation, and detecting the time Tf of a stress wave head wave reaching a first acceleration sensor through the first acceleration sensor; (3) arranging a second excitation wave tube in the surrounding soil of the pile foundation to be detected, and arranging a second acceleration sensor on the side wall of the top end part of the pile foundation to be detected; (4) placing an excitation source at the bottom of a second excitation wave tube for excitation, and detecting the time Ts when the stress wave head wave reaches a second acceleration sensor through the second acceleration sensor; (5) judging whether the pile foundation to be detected has a pile body defect or not according to the difference value of Tf and Ts, and entering the step (6) if the pile body defect exists; entering a step (11) if no pile body defect exists; (6) arranging a differential measurement column beside the shock excitation wave tube; (7) arranging a differential acceleration sensor on the side wall of the top end part of the differential measurement column; (8) the excitation source is placed downwards from top to bottom at a certain interval through the pipe orifice of the second excitation wave pipe, and the excitation source starts to excite when the excitation source is placed at one position; (9) the second acceleration sensor and the differential acceleration sensor acquire stress wave signals each time the excitation source excites; (10) the data analyzer receives the detection signal of the second acceleration sensor, the position information of the excitation source and the detection signal of the differential sensor, and determines the position of a pile body defect in the pile foundation to be detected; (11) and finishing the quality detection of the pile foundation to be detected.
Specifically, steps (1) to (5) of the second embodiment are the same as steps (1) to (5) of the first embodiment.
And (6) arranging a differential measurement column beside the second shock excitation wave tube, wherein the differential measurement column is parallel to the second shock excitation wave tube, and the depth and the length of the differential measurement column are equal to those of the pile foundation to be detected. And setting the position of the differential measurement column to ensure that the horizontal distance between the differential measurement column and the shock excitation wave tube is equal to the horizontal distance between the pile foundation to be detected and the second shock excitation wave tube. Therefore, the propagation paths of the stress waves reaching the pile foundation to be detected through the soil layer and reaching the differential measurement column are equal, and the propagation time is also equal. The whole steel bar can be used as a differential measurement column, so that the propagation speed of the stress wave in the differential measurement column is greater than that in the pile foundation to be detected.
In the step (7), a differential acceleration sensor is arranged on the side wall of the top end part of the differential measurement column and used for detecting a stress wave signal generated by an excitation source, and the stress wave is transmitted to the differential acceleration sensor through the ground soil layer and the differential measurement column. And setting the horizontal height of the differential acceleration sensor to be equal to that of the second acceleration sensor, so that the propagation distance of the stress wave on the pile foundation to be detected is equal to that of the differential measurement column.
And (8) putting the excitation source down through the pipe orifice of the second excitation wave pipe at a certain interval from top to bottom, and starting excitation by the excitation source to generate a stress wave signal when the excitation source is put down to a position. And the stress wave is transmitted to the pile foundation to be detected and the differential measurement column through the ground soil layers with the same path length respectively, and then is transmitted to the second acceleration sensor and the differential acceleration sensor. Preferably, the excitation signal may be generated, for example, by setting the step size to a depth of 0.3m, 0.4m, or 0.5m, the excitation source position information may be collected by a depth counter, and the depth counter outputs the collected excitation source position information to the data analyzer.
In the step (9), when the excitation source is excited for each time, the second acceleration sensor detects stress wave signals which are transmitted to the position of the ground soil layer and the pile foundation to be detected through the ground soil layer; the differential acceleration sensor detects its position stress wave signals propagated through the ground soil layer and the differential measurement column. The acceleration sensor and the differential acceleration sensor transmit detection signals to the data analyzer 60.
In the step (10), the data analyzer receives the detection signal of the second acceleration sensor, the position information of the excitation source and the detection signal of the differential acceleration sensor, and determines the position of the pile body defect in the pile foundation to be detected. Specifically, the data analyzer determines the time t1 when the stress wave initially reaches the differential acceleration sensor according to the detection signal of the differential acceleration sensor; subtracting the time t1 when the stress wave initially reaches the differential acceleration sensor from the received detection time t2 of the second acceleration sensor to obtain differential time t; and the data analyzer generates a differential time-depth oscillogram according to the depth of the excitation source, the differential time t and the detection signal amplitude of the acceleration sensor at the detection time t2 corresponding to the differential time t, and determines the position of the head wave slope inflection point according to the differential time-depth oscillogram, so that the depth corresponding to the head wave slope inflection point is the position of the pile body defect.
And (5) entering the step (11) to finish the measurement process of the pile foundation to be detected.
In the embodiment of the invention, the head wave time detected by the pile foundation to be detected is compared with the head wave time of the standard pile foundation, so that the pile foundation can be determined to have the pile body defect in advance, when the pile foundation does not have the pile body defect, the position of the pile body defect is not determined through the excitation sources at different positions, and under the condition of the same detection effect, the detection efficiency can be improved, and the detection time can be reduced.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in this disclosure may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A pile body defect detection method comprises the following steps: (1) arranging a first excitation wave tube in the pile surrounding soil of the non-defective pile foundation, and arranging a first acceleration sensor on the side wall of the top part of the non-defective pile foundation; (2) placing an excitation source at the bottom of a first excitation wave tube for excitation, and detecting the time Tf of a stress wave head wave reaching a first acceleration sensor through the first acceleration sensor; (3) arranging a second excitation wave tube in the surrounding soil of the pile foundation to be detected, and arranging a second acceleration sensor on the side wall of the top end part of the pile foundation to be detected; (4) placing an excitation source at the bottom of a second excitation wave tube for excitation, and detecting the time Ts when the stress wave head wave reaches a second acceleration sensor through the second acceleration sensor; (5) judging whether the pile foundation to be detected has a pile body defect or not according to the difference value of Tf and Ts, and entering the step (6) if the pile body defect exists; entering a step (11) if no pile body defect exists; (6) arranging a differential measurement column beside the second shock excitation wave tube; (7) arranging a differential acceleration sensor on the side wall of the top end part of the differential measurement column; (8) the excitation source is placed downwards from top to bottom at a certain interval through the pipe orifice of the second excitation wave pipe, and the excitation source starts to excite when the excitation source is placed at one position; (9) the second acceleration sensor and the differential acceleration sensor acquire stress wave signals each time the excitation source excites; (10) the data analyzer receives the detection signal of the second acceleration sensor, the position information of the excitation source and the detection signal of the differential acceleration sensor, and determines the position of a pile body defect in the pile foundation to be detected; the data analyzer determines the time t1 for the stress wave to initially reach the differential acceleration sensor according to the detection signal of the differential acceleration sensor; subtracting the time t1 when the stress wave initially reaches the differential acceleration sensor from the received detection time t2 of the second acceleration sensor to obtain differential time t; the data analyzer generates a differential time-depth oscillogram according to the depth of the excitation source, the differential time t and the detection signal amplitude of the acceleration sensor at the detection time t2 corresponding to the differential time t, and determines the position of a head wave slope inflection point according to the differential time-depth oscillogram, so that the depth corresponding to the head wave slope inflection point is the position of the pile body defect; (11) and finishing the quality detection of the pile foundation to be detected.
2. The pile body defect detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the specifications and the depths of the pile foundation to be detected and the non-defective pile foundation are the same.
3. The pile body defect detection method according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the step (3), the horizontal distance between the second excitation wave tube and the pile foundation to be detected is equal to the horizontal distance between the first excitation wave tube and the non-defective pile foundation in the step (1).
4. The pile body defect detection method according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the step (3), the height of the second acceleration sensor is equal to the height of the second acceleration sensor in the step (1).
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| CN111595777A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-08-28 | 海安东大岩土桩基工程检测有限公司 | Novel reflected wave pile foundation detection method |
| CN112459142A (en) * | 2020-12-06 | 2021-03-09 | 江龙 | Construction engineering supervision pile foundation defect excitation detection method |
| CN118191108B (en) * | 2024-05-13 | 2024-07-19 | 广东惠和工程检测有限公司 | Pile foundation integrity detection device and method |
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| CN102877490B (en) * | 2012-09-18 | 2014-06-11 | 河海大学 | Method for detecting quality of large-diameter tubular pile at low strain |
| CN104652501B (en) * | 2015-02-11 | 2016-11-16 | 交通运输部公路科学研究所 | The reflection wave method device and method of exciting in the inspecting hole of stake side |
| CN107119729A (en) * | 2017-05-04 | 2017-09-01 | 绵阳市川交公路规划勘察设计有限公司 | A kind of low strain dynamic coordinates the method that ultrasonic wave carries out foundation pile integrity detection |
| CN107059957A (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2017-08-18 | 中国十七冶集团有限公司 | Pile tube mass defect detection means and the method for rectifying deviation using the device |
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