CN108560569B - Construction process for building dike by throwing dregs and squeezing silt - Google Patents
Construction process for building dike by throwing dregs and squeezing silt Download PDFInfo
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- CN108560569B CN108560569B CN201810387327.7A CN201810387327A CN108560569B CN 108560569 B CN108560569 B CN 108560569B CN 201810387327 A CN201810387327 A CN 201810387327A CN 108560569 B CN108560569 B CN 108560569B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/18—Making embankments, e.g. dikes, dams
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B7/00—Barrages or weirs; Layout, construction, methods of, or devices for, making same
- E02B7/02—Fixed barrages
- E02B7/04—Dams across valleys
- E02B7/06—Earth-fill dams; Rock-fill dams
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Abstract
The invention discloses a construction process for throwing dregs, squeezing silt and building a dike, which comprises the following steps: throwing and filling large stones into a storage field storing soft substrate stockpiles, rolling and flattening, and gradually sinking the large stones in the soft substrate stockpiles to form a throwing and filling platform; after the throwing and filling platform is basically stable, throwing and filling small broken stones on the throwing and filling platform, rolling and flattening, and filling the small broken stones in gaps formed by adjacent large stones; after rolling, the bottom of the throwing and filling platform is in a disordered mixed state consisting of throwing and filling materials and soft matrix stockpiles, and consolidation and sedimentation of the throwing and filling platform are continuously carried out; and testing the bearing capacity of the throwing, filling and throwing platform, and when the bearing capacity of the throwing, filling and throwing platform meets the requirement of heightening and building a dike, not waiting for the full consolidation and settlement of the throwing and filling platform, and directly heightening and building the dike on the throwing and filling platform. The construction process is suitable for soft-matrix embankment construction with the stacking height larger than 10m, and is low in construction cost, fast in construction progress and small in influence on the safety of the original dam body.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soft substrate stockpiling treatment, in particular to a slag-throwing and silt-squeezing embankment construction process suitable for fine-grain or ultra-fine-grain general industrial solid wastes.
Background
The throwing and pressing of the slag is a form of forced soil replacement, and large stones are thrown into the soft clay to forcibly extrude the soft clay out and occupy the position of the soft clay, so that the bearing capacity of the foundation is improved, the sedimentation amount is reduced, and the stability of the soil body is improved. The method has simple construction, does not need pumping water and excavating, has lower construction cost, is a relatively simple and convenient foundation treatment measure, and is widely applied to engineering construction such as sea wall construction, dam danger removal reinforcement, hydraulic cofferdam, sludge foundation treatment and the like.
The traditional construction mode of slag throwing and sludge squeezing is basically carried out in an unordered state, a dump truck is adopted to directly dump rock blocks into sludge, a bulldozer is used for leveling the sludge after the rock filling is exposed to a certain height, and a certain rolling gradual method is provided according to conditions, so that the sufficient bearing capacity of a throwing and filling surface is ensured, and the treatment thickness is generally not more than 10 m. The traditional construction drawing of throwing and squeezing the slag is shown in figure 1.
With the progress of theoretical research and construction technology, a 'riprap blasting silt squeezing' method is summarized and formed in the construction of a sea wall, a section of riprap body is firstly riprap filled on a silt foundation, then a medicine package group is buried in silt with a certain depth at the front edge of the riprap body, during explosion, covering water and silt above and near the position of the medicine package fly upwards, a cavity is formed in the silt, the riprap body collapses immediately and fills the cavity, and the sea wall with the designed length can be built in the silt through circulation and multiple longitudinal propelling explosions. The maximum processing thickness can reach 40-50 m. However, the method increases the construction cost and affects the project progress to a certain extent. The blasting and compaction construction diagram is shown in figure 2.
The common industrial solid waste storage and disposal site is essentially geotechnical engineering, and the common form is composed of a peripheral dam body (mountain body) and internal stockpiling materials, wherein the peripheral dam body is used for forming a certain stockpiling space. Compared with the conventional geotechnical engineering, the problems of fine (extremely) granularity, large water content, slow consolidation, low strength and the like of the stockpiles exist, and the problems are always the core problems concerned by related researches and designers. In the engineering construction of (extremely) fine-grained general industrial solid waste storage and disposal sites, poor construction sites are generally considered to be avoided during site selection, so that concrete application cases of slag throwing and sludge squeezing construction processes are almost absent.
In recent years, with the enhancement of land resource management, the projects of general industrial solid waste storage, reconstruction and extension of disposal sites have been increased, and in some cases, it is necessary to perform engineering treatment on a thick sludge layer (or (extremely) fine fraction stockpiles). If the height of the stockpiling in the warehouse is less than 10m, the traditional slag throwing and silt squeezing can be directly carried out, and the throwing and filling materials can be sunk into the bottom of the warehouse through proper rolling to form reliable bearing capacity, so that the implementation difficulty is low. However, if the granularity of the stockpiling materials in the warehouse is fine, the water content is large, and the stockpiling height is more than 10m, the implementation difficulty of the traditional slag throwing and silt squeezing is large, and the throwing filler cannot reach the bottom of the warehouse. In addition, because the original dam body is in a consolidation state, blasting and compaction are not suitable for protecting the safety of the dam body and avoiding disturbance of the dam body.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a ballast throwing and silt squeezing construction process, which aims to solve the problems that the existing ballast throwing and silt squeezing process is difficult to adapt to soft matrix embankment construction with the pile height of more than 10m, the existing blasting silt squeezing process is high in construction cost and slow in progress, and the safety of the original dam body is influenced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a construction process for throwing, squeezing and building a dike, which comprises the following steps:
throwing and filling large stones into a storage field storing soft substrate stockpiles, rolling and flattening, and gradually sinking the large stones in the soft substrate stockpiles to form a throwing and filling platform;
after the throwing and filling platform is basically stable, throwing and filling small broken stones on the throwing and filling platform, rolling and flattening, and filling the small broken stones in gaps formed by adjacent large stones;
after rolling, the bottom of the throwing and filling platform is in a disordered mixed state consisting of throwing and filling materials and soft matrix stockpiles, and consolidation and sedimentation of the throwing and filling platform are continuously carried out;
and testing the bearing capacity of the throwing, filling and throwing platform, and when the bearing capacity of the throwing, filling and throwing platform meets the requirement of heightening and building a dike, not waiting for the full consolidation and settlement of the throwing and filling platform, and directly heightening and building the dike on the throwing and filling platform.
Furthermore, one side of the throwing and filling platform is built by means of the blocking dam, the safety index of the blocking dam is monitored in the construction process, the throwing and filling and mechanical rolling progress is adjusted according to the safety index monitoring data of the blocking dam, and the safety and stability of the blocking dam are guaranteed.
Further, the safety indexes of the barrage include: surface displacement index, internal displacement index and saturation line index.
Furthermore, the diameter range of the large stone is 100 mm-500 mm, and the diameter range of the small broken stone is 5 mm-100 mm.
Further, the stockpiling height of the soft substrate stockpiling in the storage yard is more than 10 m.
Further, the soft substrate stockpile is general industrial solid waste, and the mass percentage of materials with the particle size of less than 0.074mm in the soft substrate stockpile is more than 85%.
By applying the technical scheme of the invention, the throwing and filling platform is formed by throwing and filling large stones into the soft matrix stockpile, the small stones are thrown and filled on the throwing and filling platform to fill gaps formed by adjacent large stones, after rolling, the bottom of the throwing and filling platform is in a disordered mixed state consisting of the throwing and filling material and the soft matrix stockpile, and the dike is directly heightened and built under the condition that the throwing and filling platform is not completely consolidated and settled.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a photograph of a prior art construction of ballast throwing and silt squeezing.
Fig. 2 is a photograph of a prior art construction of blasting and silting by riprap blasting.
FIG. 3 is a photograph of the bank of a settling pond of the Fujian province before being heightened in the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a photograph of a depositional stall at the end of a pit before the pit is heightened in Fujian.
Fig. 5 is a photograph of a first heightening and ballast polishing construction of a certain settling pond in Fujian according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is a photograph of a sedimentation tank of the Fujian construction of the invention after being rolled and flattened by a first heightening ballast-polishing platform.
FIG. 7 is a photograph of a sediment tank of Fujian province of the present invention after the first heightening and putting into use.
Fig. 8 is a photograph of a second heightening and ballast polishing construction of a certain settling pond in Fujian according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 9 is a photograph of a sedimentation tank of Fujian province after being raised for the second time and put into use in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
As described in the background art, the traditional method for throwing and squeezing sludge cannot meet the construction requirement that the thickness of the piled sludge exceeds 10 m; the existing method for blasting and silt squeezing by riprap blasting has high construction cost and slow construction progress, and easily influences the original dam body. The stockpile materials in general industrial solid waste storage and disposal sites have fine granularity and larger water content, and the stockpile height is more than 10m, so that the traditional slag throwing and sludge squeezing method cannot be used; and the original dam body is in a consolidation state, and in order to protect the safety of the dam body and avoid the disturbance of the dam body, the blasting sludge squeezing method is not suitable to be implemented. In order to solve the problem, the invention provides a construction process for throwing dregs, squeezing silt and building a dike.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a construction process for throwing, squeezing and banking is provided, which includes the following steps: throwing and filling large stones into a storage field storing soft substrate stockpiles, rolling and flattening, and gradually sinking the large stones in the soft substrate stockpiles to form a throwing and filling platform; after the throwing and filling platform is basically stable, throwing and filling small broken stones on the throwing and filling platform, rolling and flattening, and filling the small broken stones in gaps formed by adjacent large stones; after rolling, the bottom of the throwing and filling platform is in a disordered mixed state consisting of throwing and filling materials and soft matrix stockpiles, and consolidation and sedimentation of the throwing and filling platform are continuously carried out; and testing the bearing capacity of the throwing, filling and throwing platform, and when the bearing capacity of the throwing, filling and throwing platform meets the requirement of heightening and building a dike, not waiting for the full consolidation and settlement of the throwing and filling platform, and directly heightening and building the dike on the throwing and filling platform.
The conventional slag-throwing and silt-extruding construction process requires that a silt layer (soft matrix) is completely replaced by a throwing and filling material, and the subsequent structural load is completely borne by a throwing and filling platform, so that the formed throwing and filling platform needs to be fully solidified. The stockpile of the general industrial solid waste storage and disposal site, particularly the stockpile with thick sludge layer or (extremely) fine particle size (> 10m), does not have the bearing capacity completely, and can have certain bearing capacity after being mixed with the dumping material. The structure of a common industrial solid waste storage and disposal site is often a flexible structure, can allow a certain degree of settlement, and has lower requirements on the solidification degree than a rigid structure; therefore, the throwing filling platform does not need to reach a complete consolidation state, and corresponding engineering construction activities are allowed to be carried out when a certain under-consolidation degree state exists.
In actual engineering projects, if a thick sludge layer or (extremely) fine-grained stockpiles exist, the conventional method only adopts a mode of removing by digging or adding a large amount of curing agent for reinforcement, and the disposal cost is extremely high. The method comprises the steps of throwing and filling large stones into the soft substrate stockpiles to form a throwing and filling platform, throwing and filling small stones on the throwing and filling platform to fill gaps formed by adjacent large stones, forming a disordered mixed layer consisting of throwing and filling materials and the soft substrate stockpiles at the bottom of the throwing and filling platform, and directly heightening and building the dike under the condition that the throwing and filling platform is not completely consolidated and settled. The bearing capacity of the structure is combined bearing of 'stockpiling and throwing fillers', so that the project progress is improved to a great extent, the total investment of the project is reduced, and the method has good popularization and application values. The construction method is suitable for the conditions that the granularity of the stockpile is fine, the water content is large, and the stockpile height is more than 10m, blasting and silt squeezing are not needed, and the influence of the blasting process on the original dam body is avoided.
In the reconstruction and extension process of a common industrial solid waste storage site and a disposal site, the existing dam body is thickened and then heightened, and one side of a throwing and filling platform needs to be thrown and filled by depending on the original blocking dam under the common condition, so that the throwing and filling platform can possibly influence the structural stress of the original blocking dam in the throwing, filling and rolling construction process, and even possibly damage the original blocking dam in serious conditions, thereby causing safety accidents and economic loss.
In order to ensure the safety and stability of the original dam body in the construction process, in the embodiment, the safety index of the blocking dam is monitored in the construction process, the progress of throwing and filling and mechanical rolling is adjusted according to the safety index monitoring data of the blocking dam, and the safety and stability of the blocking dam is ensured. For example, when a certain safety index of the original blocking dam exceeds a safety value in the construction process, the throwing, filling and rolling progress is properly slowed down so as to ensure the safety of the dam body. Specifically, the safety indexes of the barrage include: surface displacement index, internal displacement index, and wet-out line index, among others.
In the construction process, the sizes of the large stone and the small broken stone are correspondingly required, and the diameter range of the large stone is preferably 100-500 mm, and the diameter range of the small broken stone is preferably 5-100 mm.
The construction process is suitable for the construction of throwing, pressing and banking of soft matrixes with the stockpiled materials in a fine or extremely fine grade and the stockpiled height of more than 10m, for example, the construction process can be suitable for storage fields, disposal fields and the like of general industrial solid wastes in a fine or extremely fine grade (the mass percentage content of materials with the particle size of less than 0.074mm in the stockpiled soft matrixes is more than 85%). Wherein, the general industrial solid waste refers to industrial solid waste which is not listed in the national hazardous waste list or judged to have no hazardous characteristics according to the GB5085 identification standard and the GB/T15555 identification method specified by the state. For example: tailings, fly ash, coal gangue, furnace slag and the like.
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Heightening and expanding project of a certain sedimentation tank in Fujian province:
the retaining dam of the sedimentation tank is an earth-rock mixed dam, and the original height is 36 m. Adding hydrated lime to residues after wet beneficiation of the mine for neutralization treatment, mixing and discharging the residues into a warehouse to form a warehouse accumulation body. Due to the special material properties of the stack, the following characteristics are mainly presented:
(1) the initial bleeding is rapid, and the subsequent consolidation is slow. The initial water content reaches 70%, the water is in a completely saturated state, and the water can be quickly drained after being put in storage, but the subsequent consolidation process is slow due to the small permeability coefficient.
(2) The beach surface is easy to harden and crack. Due to the addition of hydrated lime, the slurry and paste are in a thick slurry state and a paste state when not solidified, and the slurry and paste are in a hard plastic soil state after natural deposition and solidification, and cracks are easy to generate, the width of the cracks can reach 20cm, and the depth can reach 1 m. The cracks of the tortoise are communicated with each other.
(3) The sensitivity is high. The dry volume weight of the stockpiled material is very small, the void ratio is very large, the water content is very high, and the stockpiled material is in a saturated state. It is judged by its liquid index that it is mainly in a flow-plastic state, but its structural strength is high, and it is mainly in a soft-plastic to plastic state when its structure is not destroyed, and in a flow-plastic state when its structure is destroyed.
Fig. 3 is a photograph of the bank surface before the sedimentation tank is heightened, and fig. 4 is a photograph of the bank tail sedimentation stand before the sedimentation tank is heightened.
In 2014, the sedimentation tank needs to be subjected to high expansion due to production needs. For such sedimentation tanks, downstream heightening and expanding are generally adopted, that is, the downstream slope of the dam body is thickened to heighten the dam body. However, according to field understanding, the downstream of the retaining dam of the sedimentation tank is a mine production facility and cannot be covered, so that the dam body cannot be heightened and expanded by adopting a conventional downstream mode. After repeated research, the scheme of the invention is determined to be adopted for heightening and expanding capacity.
Firstly, local materials (stone) are adopted for throwing and filling to form a throwing and filling platform, and rolling and flattening are performed in a coordinated manner. The construction photo of heightening and polishing the sedimentation tank is shown in figure 5; the photo of the sedimentation tank after being rolled and flattened by a high throwing and filling platform is shown in figure 6.
According to the drilling and revealing condition, the throwing and filling materials do not reach the bottom of the reservoir, the bottom of the throwing and filling platform is actually in a disordered mixed state of stockpiles and the throwing and filling materials, and therefore consolidation and sedimentation of the platform are continuously carried out. However, according to the field load test, the bearing capacity of the platform at the moment can meet the heightening requirement. Therefore, the existing ballast throwing platform is directly heightened, the dam body is finally heightened to 56m, the capacity of the sedimentation tank is improved through loading (the dam body is heightened), and the consolidation speed of the platform is improved. The photograph of the sedimentation tank after being raised and put into use is shown in FIG. 7.
In 2016, the storage capacity was insufficient, and the sedimentation tank had to be expanded to a higher capacity again. Based on the previous heightening experience, the scheme of the invention is determined to be continuously adopted for heightening and expanding. However, the thickness of the soft foundation in the library, which is faced by the heightening at this time, is increased to 56m, so that the realization difficulty is higher.
In 2016, local materials are also adopted as ballast throwing materials to form a throwing and filling platform, and rolling and flattening are carried out. The photo of the second heightening and ballast-polishing construction of the sedimentation tank is shown in fig. 8.
According to the drilling revealing condition, the throwing and filling materials do not reach the bottom of the reservoir, the bottom of the platform is actually a disordered mixed state of stockpiles and the throwing and filling materials, and therefore, the consolidation and sedimentation of the platform are continuously carried out. However, according to the field load test, the bearing capacity of the platform at the moment can meet the heightening requirement. Therefore, the existing slag throwing platform is directly heightened, the consolidation speed of the platform is improved through loading, and the storage capacity can be formed to meet the production requirement. Finally, the dam body is heightened to 71 m.
In order to ensure the safety of the dam body in the construction process, monitoring data is adopted for assisting construction in the heightening process. According to the monitoring data, the existing dam displacement is basically stable, the heightened dam displacement is in an obvious convergence state, and the dam can be judged to be still in an integral stable state. After the sedimentation tank is heightened, the sedimentation of the dam body is larger than that of the common dam body according to the field operation observation, which shows that the whole dam body is in a normal operation state in the long-term consolidation process. The photograph of the sedimentation tank after the second raising and the use is shown in FIG. 9.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A construction process for throwing, squeezing and silting a dike comprises the following steps:
throwing and filling large stones into a storage field storing soft substrate stockpiles, rolling and flattening, and gradually sinking the large stones in the soft substrate stockpiles to form a throwing and filling platform; the stacking height of the soft substrate stacking object in the storage field is more than 10 m; the soft matrix stockpile is general industrial solid waste, and the mass percentage of materials with the particle size of less than 0.074mm in the soft matrix stockpile is more than 85 percent;
after the throwing and filling platform is basically stable, throwing and filling small broken stones on the throwing and filling platform, rolling and flattening, and filling the small broken stones in gaps formed by adjacent large stones;
after rolling, the bottom of the throwing and filling platform is in a disordered mixed state consisting of throwing and filling materials and soft matrix stockpiles, and consolidation and sedimentation of the throwing and filling platform are continuously carried out;
testing the bearing capacity of the throwing, filling and throwing platform, when the bearing capacity of the throwing, filling and throwing platform meets the requirement of heightening and building a dike, not waiting for the full consolidation and settlement of the throwing and filling platform, and directly heightening and building the dike on the throwing and filling platform;
one side of the throwing and filling platform is built by means of a blocking dam, safety indexes of the blocking dam are monitored in the construction process, the throwing and filling and mechanical rolling progress is adjusted according to the safety index monitoring data of the blocking dam, and the safety and stability of the blocking dam are guaranteed;
the safety indexes of the blocking dam comprise: a surface displacement index, an internal displacement index and a saturation line index;
the diameter range of the large stone is 100 mm-500 mm, and the diameter range of the small broken stone is 5 mm-100 mm.
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