CN108557885A - A kind of preparation method and application of vanadium trioxide negative material - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method and application of vanadium trioxide negative material Download PDFInfo
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- CN108557885A CN108557885A CN201711441852.4A CN201711441852A CN108557885A CN 108557885 A CN108557885 A CN 108557885A CN 201711441852 A CN201711441852 A CN 201711441852A CN 108557885 A CN108557885 A CN 108557885A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G31/00—Compounds of vanadium
- C01G31/02—Oxides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/64—Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention belongs to technical field of lithium ion, and in particular to a kind of preparation method and application of vanadium trioxide negative material.The method that the present invention prepares vanadium trioxide negative material is specific as follows：Using vanadic acid ammonium compounds as precursor substance, using silicon chip as carrier, using lithium piece as reducing agent, above-mentioned substance is placed in crucible, after being calcined in tube furnace, cooled to room temperature is to get to V2O3Negative material.Preparation method is simple by the present invention, and production cost is low, and safety coefficient is high；The V being prepared2O3Negative material has multilevel hierarchy, and material morphology is controllable.In addition, with the V prepared2O3Negative material assembles half-cell, as a result shows V2O3The specific capacity height of negative material, good rate capability, stable cycle performance.V prepared by the present invention2O3Material, for producing lithium ion battery, has broad application prospects as negative material.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of lithium ion, and in particular to a kind of preparation method of vanadium trioxide negative material
And application.
Background technology
The world today, energy problem already become every country stumbling-block preventing the development.It is increasingly withered with traditional energy
It exhausts, the technology that taps a new source of energy is extremely urgent.Currently, lithium ion battery has obtained widely applying with its excellent characteristic.As
The substitute of traditional lead acid batteries, nickel-cadmium cell etc., lithium ion battery is high with its energy density, service life is long, specified electricity
The advantages that pressure is high, light-weight, high/low temperature is adaptable, environmentally protective has catered to the demand in nowadays market well.Vanadium material bodies
It is one kind as lithium ion battery electrode material, due to its higher theoretical specific capacity, there is good development prospect.Vanadium body
Be electrode material include V2O3、VO2、V2O5、V3O7Deng since vanadium has 3 kinds of stable oxidation state（V5+、V4+And V3+）, form oxygen
Mi Dui is distributed, therefore the oxide of vanadium is that lithium ion battery is embedded in very promising candidate in electrode material.Due to V2O3In
V element belongs to lower valency, so can be used as the negative material of lithium ion battery.
Currently, studying lithium ion battery negative material more has：Lithium metal, carbon material, silicon materials, tin material etc..
The low melting point that 180.54 DEG C of lithium metal and since the growth of Li dendrite can cause safety problem, so never realizing business
Change.Graphite-like carbon material is applied more at present, but its specific capacity is relatively low, be commercialized at present Carbon anode have reached or close to its
Theoretical specific capacity, the space further promoted are smaller.Silicon materials show height ratio capacity, but meeting during removal lithium embedded
It generates serious volume expansion and contraction, to generate rupture, dusting failure, leads to avalanche and the electrode material of material structure
It peels off and electrode material is made to lose electrical contact.Compared with vanadium trioxide, tin material average working voltage is higher, therefore also uncomfortable
Close the negative material for making battery.
Prepare V2O3There are many ways to, such as：1）In atmosphere of hydrogen, to V2O5High temperature（850℃）Heating 6 hours, also
Original obtains V2O3Spherical particle, this method temperature are high；2）The hydrazine class compound containing vanadic salts is cracked under high temperature obtains V2O3Powder；
3）V is restored in hydrogen gas stream2O5Gel, the long preparation period of gel；4）To preceding in the argon atmosphere containing a small amount of hydrogen
Drive object（Ammonium metavanadate, VO2Deng）High-temperature calcination is carried out, utilizes H under high temperature environment2Restore NH4VO3Or VO2（B）To obtain
V2O3.The problem of current existing preparation method is primarily present is that temperature is high, energy consumption is big, long preparation period, material morphology are uncontrollable,
And as lithium ion battery negative material, capacity attenuation is fast in charge and discharge process, and cyclical stability is poor.
Invention content
V is prepared the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of2O3The preparation method and applications of negative material, to overcome existing skill
V is prepared in art2O3Temperature is compared with the defects of high, energy consumption is big, long preparation period.
The present invention provides a kind of V2O3The preparation method of negative material, is as follows：
（1）A silicon chip is cut, it is cleaned by ultrasonic, and is dry；Weigh vanadic acid ammonium compounds, the lithium of certain mass respectively again
Piece.
（2）By step（1）In silicon chip be positioned over the side of crucible, then lithium piece is positioned over to the other side of crucible, finally
Vanadic acid ammonium compounds is laid on silicon chip.
（3）By step（2）In crucible be positioned in tube furnace, by the side for having lithium piece towards the direction of air inlet, lead to
Protective gas is calcined, and is kept the temperature；After calcining is completed, cooled to room temperature is to get to V2O3Negative material.
Step（1）In, the lithium molal weight ratio in the vanadium and lithium piece in vanadic acid ammonium compounds is 1:5~1:10.
Step（1）In, vanadic acid ammonium compounds is ammonium metavanadate, positive ammonium vanadate, ammonium poly-vanadate or pyrovanadic acid ammonium.
Step（2）In, crucible is graphite crucible.
Step（3）In, calcination temperature be 460 ~ 590 DEG C, heating rate be 1 DEG C/min ~ 6 DEG C/min, soaking time be 1h ~
3h。
Step（3）In, it is nitrogen, helium, neon, argon gas, Krypton or xenon to calcine protective gas used.
The present invention also provides a kind of V2O3Negative material, for primary structure in bulk, average-size is 10 microns；Two level knot
Structure is in granular form；Granular secondary structure forms block-like primary structure.
The present invention also provides a kind of V2O3The application of negative material, can directly as negative material for manufacture lithium from
Sub- battery, after 150 weeks charge and discharge cycles, specific discharge capacity can maintain 230 mAh/g or so.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention embody as follows：
（1）Compared with existing technology of preparing, the present invention dexterously selects lithium piece as the reducing agent of vanadic acid ammonium compounds, and effect is
High price vanadium in vanadic acid ammonium compounds is reduced into trivalent vanadium；It uses silicon chip as the carrier of reactant, while preventing ammonium vanadate
Object is closed to contact with crucible；And control reduction reaction and carried out at a temperature of 460 ~ 590 DEG C, successfully prepare vanadium trioxide cathode
Material.The present invention is simple with preparation method, electrode material specific capacity is high, material morphology is controllable, good rate capability, cycle performance
Stable advantage.
（2）The present invention, which prepares vanadium trioxide negative material, to be carried out in open normal pressure system, and preparation method is simple,
Reaction temperature is 460-590 DEG C, reaction time 1-3h；Compared to vanadium trioxide is prepared in high-pressure sealed harsh environment, originally
Invention is smaller to the limitation of reaction condition, and the requirement to consersion unit is relatively low, and therefore, it is negative that reduction of the present invention prepares vanadium trioxide
Pole material is easier to realize.
（3）The prior art produces in vanadium trioxide, some need to use reducibility gas, are wanted to the performance of reduction apparatus
Ask high, equipment it is of high cost, and the consumption of reducibility gas is big, increases the production cost for preparing vanadium trioxide；And this
Invention need not use reducibility gas, reduce production cost, the safety coefficient in production process is also high.
（4）The vanadium trioxide material morphology that existing preparation method prepares is uncontrollable, and the present invention passes through change
Calcination temperature realizes the controllability of vanadium trioxide material morphology, can be seen that material from micron from a in Fig. 2,3,4 respectively
The block structure of grade changes to nano level spheric granules；And the primary structure of vanadium trioxide material prepared by the present invention is in
Blocky, secondary structure is in granular form, and granular secondary structure forms block-like primary structure.In addition, side using the present invention
During method prepares vanadium trioxide negative material, there is no side reaction, vanadic acid ammonium compounds to be reduced into V completely2O3；
By V2O3The XRD spectra of negative material can be seen that the vanadium trioxide negative material for preparing of the present invention is purer, and valence state is steady
It is fixed, it is practically free of impurity component.
（5）Vanadium trioxide negative material specific discharge capacity prepared by the present invention is high, and cyclical stability is more excellent, implements
The negative material performance prepared in example 1 is best, is 100mA/g in current density, voltage tester scope is 0.1 ~ 3V, is filled within 150 weeks
After discharge cycles, specific discharge capacity can maintain 230 mAh/g or so, as shown in the b in Fig. 2.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the made V of the present invention2O3The XRD spectra of negative material, wherein a, b, c are respectively embodiment 1, example 2, reality
3 made V of example2O3The XRD spectra of negative material；
A, b are respectively 1 made V of embodiment in Fig. 22O3The SEM of negative material schemes and the cycle under 100mA/g current densities is bent
Line；
A, b are respectively 2 made V of embodiment in Fig. 32O3The SEM of negative material schemes and the cycle under 100mA/g current densities is bent
Line；
A, b are respectively 3 made V of embodiment in Fig. 42O3The SEM of negative material schemes and the cycle under 100mA/g current densities is bent
Line.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is to provide V2O3The preparation method of negative material is described in detail in conjunction with following embodiment and attached drawing
The preparation process of material, but they do not impose any restrictions the present invention.
Embodiment 1：
（1）V2O3The preparation of negative material：
A tailors a silicon chip, and silicon chip is placed in the beaker for filling ethyl alcohol, is cleaned by ultrasonic, and then carries out ultrasound with acetone again
Cleaning finally by silicon chip drying and is placed on the side in graphite crucible to eliminate the impurity on silicon chip.
B weighs 2mmol（0.234g）Ammonium metavanadate（NH4VO3）Powder is laid in the bright and clean one side of silicon chip by powder；It takes
10mmol（0.07g）Lithium piece, place it in the other side in graphite crucible.
C is last, and crucible is put into tube furnace, and by the side for having lithium piece towards the direction of air inlet, it is high to lead to high pure nitrogen
Temperature calcining, calcination temperature are 480 DEG C, and heating rate is 5 DEG C/min, keeps the temperature 2h.Cooled to room temperature after calcining is completed, system
It is standby go out V2O3Negative material.
Fig. 1 a are the X-ray diffractions of material（XRD）Spectrogram, it can be seen that all diffraction maximums can be to upper, and explanation is prepared
V2O3Negative material；And there is not miscellaneous peak, illustrate V prepared by the present invention2O3Negative material is purer, valence stability,
It is practically free of impurity component.
（2）V2O3The performance test of negative material：
By 1 mol/L LiPF6EC, DMC (V EC∶V DMC=1: 1) solution is as electrolyte, in the glove box full of argon gas
It is interior, with the V of preparation2O3Material assembles half-cell；And the battery to being assembled carries out constant current charge-discharge under conditions of 25 DEG C of constant temperature
Test, current density 100mA/g, voltage tester scope are 0.1 ~ 3V.
Fig. 2 a are the V of embodiment 12O3The scanning electron microscope of negative material（SEM）Spectrogram, as can be seen from the figure
V2O3Negative material pattern is the bulk of particle composition, and granular secondary structure forms block-like primary structure, the average ruler of bulk
Very little about 10 microns, the crystallite dimension of particle is 28.68 nanometers.Fig. 2 b are the V of embodiment 12O3The discharge cycles ratio of negative material
Capacity curve, specific discharge capacity declines apparent in first 50 weeks, gradually tends towards stability later, by 150 weeks charge and discharge cycles
Afterwards, specific discharge capacity 230mAh/g, discharge performance is best in all calcination temperatures.
Embodiment 2：
Pure nitrogen gas in embodiment 1 is changed to pure helium, 480 DEG C of calcination temperature is changed to 580 DEG C, other reaction conditions and performance test
Method is identical with embodiment 1.
Fig. 3 a are the V of embodiment 22O3The scanning electron microscope of negative material（SEM）Spectrogram, as can be seen from the figure material
Material pattern is the bulk of fracture, and can clearly be observed that bulk material is made of many graininess.Bulk is average
Size is about 9 microns, and the crystallite dimension of particle is 32.39 nanometers.Illustrate further to decompose with the raising of temperature, material.
Fig. 3 b are the discharge cycles specific capacity curves of 2 material of embodiment, under the current density of 100mA/g, in first 30 weeks
Specific discharge capacity declines obviously, gradually tends towards stability later, after 150 weeks charge and discharge cycles, specific discharge capacity is
190mAh/g.Illustrate the raising with temperature, the specific capacity performance of battery material is bad instead, but the cyclical stability of material compared with
It is good.
Embodiment 3：
Pure nitrogen gas in embodiment 1 is changed to pure neon, 480 DEG C of calcination temperature is changed to 680 DEG C, other reaction conditions and performance test
Method is identical with embodiment 1.
Fig. 4 a are the V of embodiment 32O3The scanning electron microscope of negative material（SEM）Spectrogram, as can be observed from Figure
V2O3Negative material pattern is complete graininess, and mean particle size size is about 0.25 micron, and crystallite dimension is received for 29.73
Rice.Illustrate when being calcined for 680 DEG C, material resolves into graininess, pattern of the calcination temperature to material completely by bulk
Structure has a very big impact.
Fig. 4 b are the V of embodiment 32O3The discharge cycles specific capacity curve of negative material, under the current density of 100mA/g,
Specific discharge capacity declines apparent in first 25 weeks, keeps stablizing later, but at 110 weeks after cycle, specific discharge capacity further under
Drop, and with the unstable phenomenon of performance.After 150 weeks charge and discharge cycles, specific discharge capacity 115mAh/g.Illustrate with
The further raising of temperature, the specific capacity performance of battery material becomes more bad, and the cyclical stability of material also becomes not
It is good.This may be the large specific surface area since material particle size is small, caused by side reaction is more.
Embodiment 4：
V2O3The preparation of negative material：
（1）A silicon chip is tailored, silicon chip is placed in the beaker for filling ethyl alcohol, is cleaned by ultrasonic, is then surpassed again with acetone
Sound cleans, and to eliminate the impurity on silicon chip, finally by silicon chip drying and is placed on the side in graphite crucible.
（2）Weigh the positive ammonium vanadate powder of 2mmol（(NH4)3VO4）, powder is laid in the bright and clean one side of silicon chip；It takes
The lithium piece of 20mmol places it in the other side in graphite crucible.
（3）Finally, crucible is put into tube furnace, by the side for having lithium piece towards the direction of air inlet, leads to high-purity argon gas
High-temperature calcination, calcination temperature are 460 DEG C, and heating rate is 1 DEG C/min, keeps the temperature 1h.Cooled to room temperature after calcining is completed,
Prepare V2O3Negative material.
Embodiment 5：
V2O3The preparation of negative material：
（1）A silicon chip is tailored, silicon chip is placed in the beaker for filling ethyl alcohol, is cleaned by ultrasonic, is then surpassed again with acetone
Sound cleans, and to eliminate the impurity on silicon chip, finally by silicon chip drying and is placed on the side in graphite crucible.
（2）Weigh the ammonium poly-vanadate powder of 0.5mmol（(NH4)2V6O16）, powder is laid in the bright and clean one side of silicon chip.It takes
The lithium piece of 24mmol places it in the other side in graphite crucible.
（3）Finally, crucible is put into tube furnace, by the side for having lithium piece towards the direction of air inlet, leads to high-purity Krypton
High-temperature calcination, calcination temperature are 590 DEG C, and heating rate is 6 DEG C/min, keeps the temperature 5h.Cooled to room temperature after calcining is completed,
Prepare V2O3Negative material.
Embodiment 6：
V2O3The preparation of negative material：
（1）A silicon chip is tailored, silicon chip is placed in the beaker for filling ethyl alcohol, is cleaned by ultrasonic, is then surpassed again with acetone
Sound cleans, and to eliminate the impurity on silicon chip, finally by silicon chip drying and is placed on the side in graphite crucible.
（2）Weigh the pyrovanadic acid ammonium powder of 2mmol（(NH4)4V2O7）, powder is laid in the bright and clean one side of silicon chip.It takes
The lithium piece of 24mmol places it in the other side in graphite crucible.
（3）Finally, crucible is put into tube furnace, by the side for having lithium piece towards the direction of air inlet, leads to high-purity xenon
High-temperature calcination, calcination temperature are 500 DEG C, and heating rate is 3 DEG C/min, keeps the temperature 3h.Cooled to room temperature after calcining is completed,
Prepare V2O3Negative material.
The embodiment of the present invention shows that the present invention realizes vanadium trioxide negative material pattern by changing calcination temperature
Controllability, can be seen that V from a in Fig. 2,3,4 respectively2O3Negative material is from micron-sized block structure to nano level ball
Shape convert, and V2O3Negative material is multilevel hierarchy, specifically forms block-like level-one knot by granular secondary structure
Structure.In addition, during preparation method using the present invention prepares vanadium trioxide negative material, there is no side reaction, vanadium
Sour ammonium compounds is reduced into V completely2O3；By V2O3The XRD spectra of negative material can be seen that three prepared using the present invention
V 2 O material is purer, and valence stability is practically free of impurity component.
Vanadium trioxide negative material specific discharge capacity prepared by the present invention is high, and cyclical stability is more excellent, embodiment 1
The material property of middle preparation is best, is 100mA/g in current density, voltage tester scope is 0.1 ~ 3V, 150 weeks charge and discharge cycles
Afterwards, specific discharge capacity can maintain 230 mAh/g or so.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of V2O3The preparation method of negative material, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
（1）A silicon chip is cut, it is cleaned by ultrasonic, and is dry；Weigh vanadic acid ammonium compounds, the lithium of certain mass respectively again
Piece；
（2）By step（1）In silicon chip be positioned over the side of crucible, then lithium piece is positioned over to the other side of crucible, finally by vanadium
Sour ammonium compounds is laid on silicon chip；
（3）By step（2）In crucible be positioned in tube furnace, have the side of lithium piece towards the direction of air inlet, lead to protection gas
Body is calcined, and is kept the temperature；After calcining is completed, cooled to room temperature is to get to V2O3Negative material.
2. V according to claim 12O3The preparation method of negative material, which is characterized in that step（1）In, ammonium vanadate
It is 1 to close the lithium molal weight ratio in the vanadium and lithium piece in object:5~1:10.
3. V according to claim 12O3The preparation method of negative material, which is characterized in that step（1）In, ammonium vanadate
Conjunction object is ammonium metavanadate, positive ammonium vanadate, ammonium poly-vanadate or pyrovanadic acid ammonium.
4. V according to claim 12O3The preparation method of negative material, which is characterized in that step（2）In, crucible is stone
Black crucible.
5. V according to claim 12O3The preparation method of negative material, which is characterized in that step（3）In, calcination temperature
It it is 490 ~ 590 DEG C, heating rate is 1 DEG C/min ~ 6 DEG C/min, and soaking time is 1h ~ 3h.
6. V according to claim 12O3The preparation method of negative material, which is characterized in that step（3）In, used in calcining
Protective gas be nitrogen, helium, neon, argon gas, Krypton or xenon.
7. V according to claim 52O3The preparation method of negative material, which is characterized in that step（3）In, calcination temperature
It is 480 DEG C, soaking time 2h.
8. V prepared by preparation method as described in claim 12O3Negative material, which is characterized in that primary structure is put down in bulk
Equal size is 10 microns；Secondary structure is in granular form；Granular secondary structure forms block-like primary structure.
9. V according to claim 82O3Negative material is for manufacturing lithium ion battery.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110581284A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2019-12-17 | 陕西科技大学 | Electrocatalysis function V2O3Preparation method and application of @ Co |
| CN110707301A (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2020-01-17 | 珠海恒力源机电有限公司 | Vanadium trioxide/carbon composite material with nanosphere structure and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN103708554A (en) * | 2014-01-16 | 2014-04-09 | 江苏理工学院 | Method for preparing vanadium trioxide nanosphere |
| CN105923654A (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2016-09-07 | 东北大学 | Vanadium trioxide micro-nano particle and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110707301A (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2020-01-17 | 珠海恒力源机电有限公司 | Vanadium trioxide/carbon composite material with nanosphere structure and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN110581284A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2019-12-17 | 陕西科技大学 | Electrocatalysis function V2O3Preparation method and application of @ Co |
| CN110581284B (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2020-12-08 | 陕西科技大学 | Electrocatalysis function V2O3Preparation method and application of @ Co |
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