CN108549401B - Finite time control method of four-rotor aircraft based on hyperbolic sine enhanced index approach law and fast terminal sliding mode surface - Google Patents

Finite time control method of four-rotor aircraft based on hyperbolic sine enhanced index approach law and fast terminal sliding mode surface Download PDF

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CN108549401B
CN108549401B CN201810519707.1A CN201810519707A CN108549401B CN 108549401 B CN108549401 B CN 108549401B CN 201810519707 A CN201810519707 A CN 201810519707A CN 108549401 B CN108549401 B CN 108549401B
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sliding mode
formula
mode surface
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rotor aircraft
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CN108549401A (en
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陈强
陈凯杰
陶玫玲
胡轶
吴春
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Zhejiang University of Technology ZJUT
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    • G05D1/08Control of attitude, i.e. control of roll, pitch, or yaw
    • G05D1/0808Control of attitude, i.e. control of roll, pitch, or yaw specially adapted for aircraft
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
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Abstract

A finite time control method of a four-rotor aircraft based on hyperbolic sine enhanced exponential approximation law and a fast terminal sliding mode surface comprises the following steps: step 1, determining a transfer matrix from a body coordinate system based on a four-rotor aircraft to an inertial coordinate system based on the earth; step 2, analyzing a four-rotor aircraft dynamic model according to a Newton Euler formula; and 3, calculating a tracking error, and designing a controller according to the fast terminal sliding mode surface and the first derivative thereof. Aiming at a four-rotor aircraft system, hyperbolic sine enhanced index approximation law-based sliding mode control and rapid terminal sliding mode control are combined, so that the approximation speed can be increased when the system is far away from a sliding mode surface, buffeting can be reduced, the rapidity and robustness of the system are improved, rapid and stable control is realized, meanwhile, the limited time control of tracking errors can be realized, and the problem that the tracking errors tend to 0 only when the time tends to infinity in the traditional sliding mode surface is solved.

Description

Finite time control method of four-rotor aircraft based on hyperbolic sine enhanced index approach law and fast terminal sliding mode surface
Technical Field
The invention relates to a finite time control method of a four-rotor aircraft based on hyperbolic sine enhanced index approach law and a fast terminal sliding mode surface.
Background
The four-rotor aircraft has attracted wide attention of domestic and foreign scholars and scientific research institutions due to the characteristics of simple structure, strong maneuverability and unique flight mode, and is rapidly one of the hotspots of international research at present. Compared with a fixed-wing aircraft, the rotary-wing aircraft can vertically lift, has low requirement on the environment, does not need a runway, reduces the cost and has great commercial value. The development of aircrafts makes many dangerous high-altitude operations easy and safe, so as to cause deterrence to other countries in the military aspect and greatly increase the working efficiency in the civil aspect. The four-rotor aircraft has strong flexibility, can realize rapid transition of motion and hovering at any time, and can be competent for more challenging flight tasks with less damage risk. In the field of scientific research, because a four-rotor aircraft has the dynamic characteristics of nonlinearity, under-actuation and strong coupling, researchers often use the four-rotor aircraft as an experimental carrier for theoretical research and method verification. An aircraft flight control system is built by relying on a small four-rotor aircraft to carry out high-performance motion control research on the aircraft, and the method is a hot research field of the current academic world.
The approach law sliding mode control has the characteristics that discontinuous control can be realized, the sliding mode is programmable and is not related to system parameters and disturbance. The approach law sliding mode not only can reasonably design the speed of reaching the sliding mode surface, reduce the time of the approach stage, improve the robustness of the system, but also can effectively weaken the buffeting problem in the sliding mode control. Currently, in the field of four-rotor control, approach law sliding mode control is less used. The enhanced approach law further accelerates the approach speed of the system to the sliding mode surface and simultaneously enables the buffeting to be smaller on the basis of the traditional approach law.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems that the traditional sliding mode surface can not realize limited time control, further accelerate the approaching speed of an approaching law and reduce buffeting, the invention adopts the rapid terminal sliding mode control and the hyperbolic sine enhanced index approaching law, avoids the singularity problem through the switching control idea, accelerates the approaching speed of a system to the sliding mode surface, reduces buffeting and realizes limited time control.
The technical scheme proposed for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a finite time control method of a four-rotor aircraft based on hyperbolic sine enhanced exponential approximation law and a fast terminal sliding mode surface comprises the following steps:
step 1, determining a transfer matrix from a body coordinate system based on a four-rotor aircraft to an inertial coordinate system based on the earth;
Figure BDA0001674504930000021
where psi, theta, phi are the yaw, pitch, roll angles of the aircraft, respectively, representing the angle of rotation of the aircraft about each axis of the inertial frame in sequence, TψTransition matrix, T, representing psiθA transition matrix, T, representing thetaφA transition matrix representing phi;
step 2, analyzing a four-rotor aircraft dynamic model according to a Newton Euler formula, wherein the process is as follows:
2.1, the translation process comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0001674504930000022
wherein x, y and z respectively represent the position of the four rotors under an inertial coordinate system, m represents the mass of the aircraft, g represents the gravity acceleration, mg represents the gravity borne by the four rotors, and the resultant force U generated by the four rotorsr
2.2, the rotation process comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0001674504930000023
wherein tau isx、τy、τzRespectively representing the axial moment components, I, in the coordinate system of the machine bodyxx、Iyy、IzzRespectively representing the rotational inertia component of each axis on the coordinate system of the machine body, x represents cross product, wp、wq、wrRespectively representing the attitude angular velocity components of each axis on the coordinate system of the body,
Figure BDA0001674504930000024
respectively representing the acceleration of each shaft attitude angle on the coordinate system of the machine bodyA degree component;
considering that the change of the attitude angle is small when the aircraft is in a low-speed flight or hovering state, the change is considered to be
Figure BDA0001674504930000031
Then the formula (3) is represented as the formula (4) in the rotation process
Figure BDA0001674504930000032
2.3, connecting the vertical type (1), (2) and (4), and obtaining the dynamic model of the aircraft as shown in the formula (5)
Figure BDA0001674504930000033
Wherein
Figure BDA0001674504930000034
Figure BDA0001674504930000035
Figure BDA0001674504930000036
Ux、Uy、UzThe input quantities of the three position controllers are respectively;
according to the formula (5), decoupling calculation is carried out on the position and posture relation, and the result is as follows:
Figure BDA0001674504930000037
wherein phidIs the desired signal value of phi, thetadDesired signal value of theta, psidFor desired signal values of ψ, the arcsin function is an arcsine function and the arctan function is an arctangent function;
equation (5) can also be written in matrix form as follows:
Figure BDA0001674504930000038
wherein X1=[x,y,z,φ,θ,ψ]T,
Figure BDA0001674504930000039
B(X)=diag(1,1,1,b1,b2,b3),U=[Ux,Uy,Uzxyz]T
Step 3, calculating a tracking error, and designing a controller according to the fast terminal sliding mode surface and the first derivative thereof, wherein the process is as follows:
3.1, defining the tracking error and its first and second differentials:
e=X1-Xd (8)
Figure BDA0001674504930000041
Figure BDA0001674504930000042
wherein, Xd=[xd,yd,zdddd]T,xd,yd,zddddConductive desired signals of x, y, z, phi, theta, psi, respectively;
3.2, designing a quick terminal sliding mode surface:
Figure BDA0001674504930000043
wherein, sigα(x)=|x|α·sign(x),α1>α2>1,λ1>0,λ2>0;
Derivation of equation (11) yields:
Figure BDA0001674504930000044
order to
Figure BDA0001674504930000045
Formula (12) is simplified to formula (13)
Figure BDA0001674504930000046
But due to the presence of alpha (e)
Figure BDA0001674504930000047
When α (e) is 0 and β (e) is not equal to 0, the negative power term of (a) causes a singularity problem;
consider the method of handover control:
Figure BDA0001674504930000048
wherein q isi(e),αi(e),βi(e) The i-th element, i ═ 1,2,3,4,5,6, q (e), α (e), β (e), respectively;
combining formula (13) and formula (14) to obtain:
Figure BDA0001674504930000051
conjunctive formula (7), formula (10) and formula (15) yields:
Figure BDA0001674504930000052
3.3 design enhanced approach law
Figure BDA0001674504930000053
Wherein
Figure BDA0001674504930000054
N-1(X) is the inverse of N (X), k1>0,k2More than 0, more than 0 and less than 1, more than 0, more than 1, and p is a positive integer;
3.4, combined vertical (16) and formula (17), to obtain a controller
Figure BDA0001674504930000055
Wherein B is-1(X) is the inverse of B (X).
Further, the control method further includes the steps of:
step 4, property specification, the process is as follows:
4.1, proving accessibility of sliding forms:
designing Lyapunov functions
Figure BDA0001674504930000056
The derivation is performed on both sides of the function to obtain:
Figure BDA0001674504930000057
because of the fact that
Figure BDA0001674504930000058
The constant is larger than 0, so the formula (18) is constantly smaller than 0, the accessibility of the sliding mode is met, and the system can reach the sliding mode surface;
4.2, enhanced effect description:
the system is far away from the sliding mode, i.e. | s | is large, N(s) approaches
Figure BDA0001674504930000059
The approach speed of the system is accelerated; when the system approaches the sliding mode, | s | approaches 0, N(s) approaches μ,
Figure BDA00016745049300000510
system for controlling a power supplyThe buffeting of (2) is reduced.
The technical conception of the invention is as follows: aiming at a four-rotor aircraft system, by combining index approach law sliding mode control and rapid terminal sliding mode control, a four-rotor aircraft finite time control method based on hyperbolic sine enhanced index approach law and rapid terminal sliding mode surface is designed. The quick terminal sliding mode surface can realize the limited time control of the tracking error, and solves the problems that the time tends to be infinite and the error tends to be 0 in the traditional sliding mode surface. Based on a hyperbolic sine enhanced approach law, the approach speed can be increased when the system is far away from a sliding mode surface, buffeting can be reduced, the rapidness and robustness of the system are improved, and rapid and stable control is realized.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the traditional index approach law sliding mode control, the method can increase the approach speed when the system is far away from the sliding mode surface, reduce buffeting and shorten the arrival time of the sliding mode, thereby enabling the system to realize stable convergence more quickly. In addition, the invention utilizes the quick terminal sliding mode, solves the problems that the time tends to be infinite and the error tends to be 0 in the traditional sliding mode surface, and realizes the limited time control.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the position tracking effect of a four-rotor aircraft, in which a dotted line represents conventional exponential approximation law control, and a dotted line represents finite time control of the four-rotor aircraft based on hyperbolic sine enhanced exponential approximation law and a fast terminal sliding mode surface.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of position tracking error of a quadrotor aircraft, in which a dotted line represents conventional exponential approximation law control, and a dotted line represents finite time control of the quadrotor aircraft based on hyperbolic sine enhanced exponential approximation law and a fast terminal sliding mode surface.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the attitude angle tracking effect of a quadrotor aircraft, in which a dotted line represents conventional exponential approximation law control, and a dotted line represents finite time control of the quadrotor aircraft based on hyperbolic sine enhanced exponential approximation law and a fast terminal sliding mode surface.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of attitude angle tracking error of a quadrotor aircraft, in which a dotted line represents conventional exponential approximation law control, and a dotted line represents finite time control of the quadrotor aircraft based on hyperbolic sine enhanced exponential approximation law and a fast terminal sliding mode surface.
Fig. 5 is a schematic input diagram of a position controller under finite time control of a quadrotor aircraft based on hyperbolic sine enhanced exponential approximation law and a fast terminal sliding mode surface.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the position controller inputs under conventional exponential approach law control for a four-rotor aircraft.
Fig. 7 is an input schematic diagram of an attitude angle controller under finite time control of a quadrotor aircraft based on hyperbolic sine enhanced exponential approximation law and a fast terminal sliding mode surface.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of attitude angle controller inputs under conventional exponential approximation law control for a quad-rotor aircraft.
FIG. 9 is a control flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1-9, a method for controlling finite time of a four-rotor aircraft based on hyperbolic sine enhanced exponential approximation law and fast terminal sliding mode surface includes the following steps:
step 1, determining a transfer matrix from a body coordinate system based on a four-rotor aircraft to an inertial coordinate system based on the earth;
Figure BDA0001674504930000071
where psi, theta, phi are the yaw, pitch, roll angles of the aircraft, respectively, representing the angle of rotation of the aircraft about each axis of the inertial frame in sequence, TψTransition matrix, T, representing psiθA transition matrix, T, representing thetaφA transition matrix representing phi;
step 2, analyzing a four-rotor aircraft dynamic model according to a Newton Euler formula, wherein the process is as follows:
2.1, the translation process comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0001674504930000072
wherein x, y and z respectively represent the position of the four rotors under an inertial coordinate system, m represents the mass of the aircraft, g represents the gravity acceleration, mg represents the gravity borne by the four rotors, and the resultant force U generated by the four rotorsr
2.2, the rotation process comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0001674504930000081
wherein tau isx、τy、τzRespectively representing the axial moment components, I, in the coordinate system of the machine bodyxx、Iyy、IzzRespectively representing the rotational inertia component of each axis on the coordinate system of the machine body, x represents cross product, wp、wq、wrRespectively representing the attitude angular velocity components of each axis on the coordinate system of the body,
Figure BDA0001674504930000082
respectively representing the attitude angular acceleration components of all axes on the coordinate system of the machine body;
considering that the change of the attitude angle is small when the aircraft is in a low-speed flight or hovering state, the change is considered to be
Figure BDA0001674504930000083
Then the formula (3) is represented as the formula (4) in the rotation process
Figure BDA0001674504930000084
2.3, the united vertical type (1), (2) and (4), the dynamic model of the available aircraft is shown as the formula (5)
Figure BDA0001674504930000085
Wherein
Figure BDA0001674504930000086
Figure BDA0001674504930000087
Figure BDA0001674504930000088
Ux、Uy、UzThe input quantities of the three position controllers are respectively;
according to the formula (5), decoupling calculation is carried out on the position and posture relation, and the result is as follows:
Figure BDA0001674504930000091
wherein phidIs the desired signal value of phi, thetadDesired signal value of theta, psidFor desired signal values of ψ, the arcsin function is an arcsine function and the arctan function is an arctangent function;
equation (5) can also be written in matrix form as follows:
Figure BDA0001674504930000092
wherein X1=[x,y,z,φ,θ,ψ]T,
Figure BDA0001674504930000093
B(X)=diag(1,1,1,b1,b2,b3),U=[Ux,Uy,Uzxyz]T
Step 3, calculating a tracking error, and designing a controller according to the fast terminal sliding mode surface and the first derivative thereof, wherein the process is as follows:
3.1, defining the tracking error and its first and second differentials:
e=X1-Xd (8)
Figure BDA0001674504930000094
Figure BDA0001674504930000095
wherein, Xd=[xd,yd,zdddd]T,xd,yd,zddddConductive desired signals of x, y, z, phi, theta, psi, respectively;
3.2, designing a quick terminal sliding mode surface:
Figure BDA0001674504930000096
wherein, sigα(x)=|x|α·sign(x),α1>α2>1,λ1>0,λ2>0;
Derivation of equation (11) yields:
Figure BDA0001674504930000097
order to
Figure BDA0001674504930000101
Formula (12) is simplified to formula (13)
Figure BDA0001674504930000102
But due to the presence of alpha (e)
Figure BDA0001674504930000103
When α (e) is 0 and β (e) is not equal to 0, the negative power term of (a) causes a singularity problem;
consider the method of handover control:
Figure BDA0001674504930000104
wherein q isi(e),αi(e),βi(e) The i-th element, i ═ 1,2,3,4,5,6, q (e), α (e), β (e), respectively;
combining formula (13) and formula (14) to obtain:
Figure BDA0001674504930000105
conjunctive formula (7), formula (10) and formula (15) yields:
Figure BDA0001674504930000106
3.3 design enhanced approach law
Figure BDA0001674504930000107
Wherein
Figure BDA0001674504930000108
N-1(X) is the inverse of N (X), k1>0,k2More than 0, more than 0 and less than 1, more than 0, more than 1, and p is a positive integer;
3.4, combined vertical (16) and formula (17), to obtain a controller
Figure BDA0001674504930000109
Wherein B is-1(X) is the inverse of B (X);
step 4, property specification, the process is as follows:
4.1, proving accessibility of sliding forms:
designing Lyapunov functions
Figure BDA0001674504930000111
The derivation is performed on both sides of the function to obtain:
Figure BDA0001674504930000112
because of the fact that
Figure BDA0001674504930000113
The constant is larger than 0, so the formula (18) is constantly smaller than 0, the accessibility of the sliding mode is met, and the system can reach the sliding mode surface;
4.2, enhanced effect description:
the system is far away from the sliding mode, i.e. | s | is large, N(s) approaches
Figure BDA0001674504930000114
The approach speed of the system is accelerated; when the system approaches the sliding mode, | s | approaches 0, N(s) approaches μ,
Figure BDA0001674504930000115
the buffeting of the system is reduced.
In order to verify the effectiveness of the method, the invention provides a hyperbolic sine enhanced index approximation law-based sliding mode control method compared with the traditional index approximation law sliding mode control method:
for more efficient comparison, all parameters of the system are consistent, i.e. xd=yd=zd=20、ψd0.5, slip form surface parameters: lambda [ alpha ]1=0.2、λ2=0.7、α1=2、α21.1, 0.1, and the approach law parameter: k is a radical of1=0.6、k20.8, δ -0.5, p-1, γ -1, μ -2, quad-rotor aircraft parameters: m 0.625, L0.1275, Ixx=2.3×10-3、Iyy=2.4×10-3、Izz=2.6×10-3G ═ 10, sampling parameters: t is ts=0.007,N=5000。
As can be seen from fig. 1-4, the finite-time control of the quadrotor aircraft based on the hyperbolic sine enhanced exponential approach law and the fast terminal sliding mode surface can reach the expected position faster; with reference to fig. 5-8, the four-rotor aircraft finite time control based on the hyperbolic sine enhanced exponential approximation law and the fast terminal sliding mode surface has smaller buffeting.
In conclusion, the finite time control of the four-rotor aircraft based on the hyperbolic sine enhanced index approach law and the fast terminal sliding mode surface can reduce the buffeting and the tracking time, improve the tracking performance and enable the system to enter stable convergence more quickly.
While the foregoing has described a preferred embodiment of the invention, it will be appreciated that the invention is not limited to the embodiment described, but is capable of numerous modifications without departing from the basic spirit and scope of the invention as set out in the appended claims.

Claims (2)

1. A four-rotor aircraft finite time control method based on hyperbolic sine enhanced exponential approximation law and fast terminal sliding mode surface is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, determining a transfer matrix from a body coordinate system based on a four-rotor aircraft to an inertial coordinate system based on the earth;
Figure FDA0002742828580000011
where psi, theta, phi are the yaw, pitch, roll angles of the aircraft, respectively, representing the angle of rotation of the aircraft about each axis of the inertial frame in sequence, TψTransition matrix, T, representing psiθA transition matrix, T, representing thetaφA transition matrix representing phi;
step 2, analyzing a four-rotor aircraft dynamic model according to a Newton Euler formula, wherein the process is as follows:
2.1, the translation process comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0002742828580000012
wherein x, y and z respectively represent the position of the four rotors under an inertial coordinate system, m represents the mass of the aircraft, g represents the gravity acceleration, mg represents the gravity borne by the four rotors, and the resultant force U generated by the four rotorsr
2.2, the rotation process comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0002742828580000013
wherein each axial moment component, I, in the coordinate system of the body is represented separatelyxx、Iyy、IzzRespectively representing the rotational inertia component of each axis on the coordinate system of the machine body, x represents cross product, wp、wq、wrRespectively representing the attitude angular velocity components of each axis on the coordinate system of the body,
Figure FDA0002742828580000014
respectively representing the attitude angular acceleration components of all axes on the coordinate system of the machine body;
considering that the aircraft is in a low-speed flight or hovering state, consider
Figure FDA0002742828580000021
Then the formula (3) is represented as the formula (4) in the rotation process
Figure FDA0002742828580000022
2.3, connecting the vertical type (1), (2) and (4), and obtaining the dynamic model of the aircraft as shown in the formula (5)
Figure FDA0002742828580000023
Wherein
Figure FDA0002742828580000024
Figure FDA0002742828580000025
Figure FDA0002742828580000026
Ux、Uy、UzThe input quantities of the three position controllers are respectively;
according to the formula (5), decoupling calculation is carried out on the position and posture relation, and the result is as follows:
Figure FDA0002742828580000027
wherein phidIs the desired signal value of phi, thetadDesired signal value of theta, psidFor desired signal values of ψ, the arcsin function is an arcsine function and the arctan function is an arctangent function;
equation (5) can also be written in matrix form as follows:
Figure FDA0002742828580000028
wherein X1=[x,y,z,φ,θ,ψ]T,
Figure FDA0002742828580000031
B(X)=diag(1,1,1,b1,b2,b3),U=[Ux,Uy,Uzxyz]T
Step 3, calculating a tracking error, and designing a controller according to the fast terminal sliding mode surface and the first derivative thereof, wherein the process is as follows:
3.1, defining the tracking error and its first and second differentials:
e=X1-Xd (8)
Figure FDA0002742828580000032
Figure FDA0002742828580000033
wherein, Xd=[xd,yd,zdddd]T,xd,yd,zddddConductive desired signals of x, y, z, phi, theta, psi, respectively;
3.2, designing a quick terminal sliding mode surface:
Figure FDA0002742828580000034
wherein, sigα(x)=|x|α·sign(x),α1>α2>1,λ1>0,λ2>0;
Derivation of equation (11) yields:
Figure FDA0002742828580000035
order to
Figure FDA0002742828580000036
Formula (12) is simplified to formula (13)
Figure FDA0002742828580000037
But due to the presence of alpha (e)
Figure FDA0002742828580000038
When the negative power of the term is alpha (e)) 0 and β (e) ≠ 0, leading to singularity problems;
consider the method of handover control:
Figure FDA0002742828580000041
wherein q isi(e),αi(e),βi(e) The i-th element, i ═ 1,2,3,4,5,6, q (e), α (e), β (e), respectively;
combining formula (13) and formula (14) to obtain:
Figure FDA0002742828580000042
conjunctive formula (7), formula (10) and formula (15) yields:
Figure FDA0002742828580000043
3.3 design enhanced approach law
Figure FDA0002742828580000044
Wherein
Figure FDA0002742828580000045
N-1(X) is the inverse of N (X), k1>0,k2More than 0, more than 0 and less than 1, more than 0, more than 1, and p is a positive integer;
3.4, combined vertical (16) and formula (17), to obtain a controller
Figure FDA0002742828580000046
Wherein B is-1(X) is the inverse of B (X).
2. The hyperbolic sine-enhanced exponential approximation law and fast terminal sliding-mode surface-based four-rotor aircraft finite-time control method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
step 4, property specification, the process is as follows:
4.1, proving accessibility of sliding forms:
designing Lyapunov functions
Figure FDA0002742828580000047
The derivation is performed on both sides of the function to obtain:
Figure FDA0002742828580000048
because of the fact that
Figure FDA0002742828580000051
The constant is larger than 0, so the formula (18) is constantly smaller than 0, the accessibility of the sliding mode is met, and the system can reach the sliding mode surface;
4.2, enhanced effect description:
the system is far away from the sliding mode, i.e. | s | is large, N(s) approaches
Figure FDA0002742828580000052
The approach speed of the system is accelerated; when the system approaches the sliding mode, | s | approaches 0, N(s) approaches μ,
Figure FDA0002742828580000053
the buffeting of the system is reduced.
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