CN108548726B - Rock crack growth testing device under thermosetting coupling condition - Google Patents
Rock crack growth testing device under thermosetting coupling condition Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 71
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 20
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001808 coupling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002901 radioactive waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005445 natural material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002277 temperature effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/14—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object using acoustic emission techniques
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/18—Performing tests at high or low temperatures
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
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- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a rock crack growth testing device under a thermosetting coupling condition, which comprises a loading system, a heating system, a monitoring system and an osmotic pressure system; the loading system loads pressure from two ends of the rock sample, the heating system heats from the side face of the rock sample, the osmotic pressure system is used for compressing air from one end of the rock sample and collecting data from the other end of the rock sample, the monitoring system is used for collecting data through the temperature monitoring device, the displacement monitoring device and the acoustic emission monitoring device, the influences of a stress field and a temperature field can be simultaneously considered, and the stress, deformation, temperature and crack processes can be simultaneously monitored, wherein acoustic emission and gas permeability change monitoring means are adopted in the crack evolution process, and the accuracy is higher. The invention has the outstanding advantages of simple structure, low cost, high accuracy, simple and convenient operation and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a rock crack extension testing device under thermosetting coupling conditions of underground engineering excavated under a high-ground-temperature environment, geothermal development, nuclear waste disposal and the like.
Background
Rock is a heterogeneous natural material consisting of crystals, fissures, microcracks, etc. The rock is deformed under the action of temperature, and as the thermal expansion coefficients of various components of the rock are different under the high-temperature condition, the rock is used as a continuous body, the components are restrained, and mineral particles in the rock cannot be correspondingly and freely deformed along with the change of the temperature according to the inherent thermal expansion coefficients, so that the rock is compressed with large deformation, is slightly stretched, and forms a thermal stress caused by the temperature in the rock. The presence of many lower strength particles, cracks and micro-cracks within the rock results in localized stress concentrations that, if reached or exceeded the ultimate tensile or shear strength of the rock, would result in more cracks developing, crowding, communicating and forming larger cracks until the overall structure of the rock is broken. Thermal stresses caused by temperature cause thermal cracking of the rock structure.
A large number of practical and theoretical research projects show that a certain influence exists between the temperature of the rock mass and the coupling of the stress field. Due to the excavation of underground works and the chemical action of high ground temperature and high radioactive wastes, the two processes are carried out simultaneously, and the influence of the thermal-solid coupling action must be considered: 1) The thermal parameter changes of rock mass caused by the high ground temperature and the decay heat release process of high radioactive waste and the changes of the damage degree of rock caused by the thermal parameter changes 2) the stress adjustment caused by underground engineering excavation, the changes of the damage degree of the rock are caused, and the thermodynamic property of the rock is influenced. Thus, complex joints, fracture systems, thermoset couplings, etc. interactions in underground engineering add greater difficulty to engineering design and environmental safety assessment and analysis.
At present, numerical simulation, field observation and indoor test are mainly adopted for research on the thermosetting coupling effect of the rock, but the research on the numerical simulation is limited to research on deformation, fracture and physical and mechanical properties of the rock under the load of external force due to the complex variability of the natural rock, the temperature effect is difficult to consider, and meanwhile, the thermal fracture and the change rule of the physical and mechanical properties of the rock are difficult to describe relatively accurately by the existing method due to the non-uniformity, the non-continuity and the complexity of the geometric structure of the rock material. On-site observation is limited by site conditions, manpower, material resources and financial resources, and the functions of the on-site observation are difficult to fully play in larger projects.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rock crack propagation testing device under a thermosetting coupling condition, which can realize loading and heating simultaneously, accurately measure stress, strain, temperature and crack evolution process of rock, and has the advantages of simple and convenient operation process, visual evolution process and accurate measurement result. For this purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The rock crack propagation testing device under the thermosetting coupling condition is characterized by comprising a loading system, a heating system, a monitoring system and an osmotic pressure system;
The loading system comprises a pressurizing device for loading pressure on two end surfaces of the rock sample, a rubber leather sheath and two steel sheet caps respectively sleeved outside the two ends of the rock sample;
The height of the steel sheet cap is determined according to the angle of the expected rock crack, the cross section shape of the steel sheet cap is matched with the cross section shape of the rock sample, so that the rock sample can be just put into the steel sheet cap, and when pressure is loaded on two ends of the rock sample, stress concentration is generated at the position of the rock sample corresponding to the end part of the steel sheet cap, and the rock crack is induced between the steel sheet cap and the rock sample;
The caliber of the rubber leather sheath can be tightly sleeved outside the two steel sheet caps and the rock sample, and the length of the rubber leather sheath at least meets the requirement of wrapping the end parts of the two steel sheet caps and the rock sample between the two steel sheet caps;
the heating system comprises a heating plate which is positioned outside the side face of the side face rock sample and positioned outside the rubber leather sheath;
The detection system comprises a temperature monitoring device, a displacement monitoring device and an acoustic emission monitoring device;
The temperature monitoring device is provided with a plurality of temperature sensors which are closely arranged outside the rubber leather sheath along the circumferential direction of the rock sample; the acoustic emission monitoring device is provided with a plurality of acoustic emission probes which are respectively arranged outside two ends of the rock sample; the displacement monitoring device is provided with a plurality of axial displacement sensors and annular displacement sensors respectively, the axial displacement sensors are arranged outside two ends of the rock sample, and the annular displacement sensors are arranged outside the rubber leather sheath;
The air inlet pipeline of the air compressing device is connected to the bottom of the steel sheet cap at one end of the rock sample and communicated with the inside of the steel sheet cap, and the air compressing device is provided with a pressure gauge and a flow meter for measuring the pressure and flow of air compressing; the gas collection device comprises a gas collection bottle, a gas collection pipeline of the gas collection device is connected to the bottom of the steel sheet cap at the other end of the rock sample and communicated with the inside of the steel sheet cap, and the gas collection device is provided with a flowmeter and a manometer to measure the pressure and flow of the outflow gas.
On the basis of adopting the technical scheme, the invention can also adopt or combine to adopt the following further technical scheme:
the loading device comprises a pressurizing piston and a pressurizing partition plate, wherein the pressurizing piston is connected with the pressurizing partition plate, and the area of the pressurizing partition plate is not smaller than that of the end part of the rock sample.
The acoustic emission probe is arranged in a pressure pad plate which is clung to the bottom of the steel sheet cap.
The heating plate comprises a steel backing plate and an electric heating plate arranged on the outer side of the steel backing plate, and heat is generated by the electric heating plate and transferred to a rock sample so as to evaluate the influence of temperature on the evolution process of rock damage.
The steel pad is provided with several blocks and in combination surrounds the rock sample.
The invention provides a rock crack propagation testing device under a thermosetting coupling condition, which can simultaneously consider the influences of a stress field and a temperature field, and can simultaneously monitor stress, deformation, temperature and crack process, wherein the crack evolution process adopts two monitoring means of acoustic emission and gas permeability change, and the accuracy is higher. The invention has the outstanding advantages of simple structure, low cost, high accuracy, simple and convenient operation and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference is made to the accompanying drawings. The invention provides a rock crack growth testing device under a thermosetting coupling condition, which mainly comprises a loading system, a heating system, a monitoring system and an osmotic pressure system.
The loading system comprises a pressurizing device for loading pressure on two end surfaces of the rock sample 100, a rubber leather sheath 14 and two steel sheet caps 15 respectively sleeved outside the two ends of the rock sample;
The loading device may employ a pressurizing piston 11 and a pressurizing diaphragm 12, the piston is typically hydraulically driven, the pressurizing piston 11 is connected to the pressurizing diaphragm 12, and the area of the pressurizing diaphragm is not smaller than the area of the end of the rock sample. The pressurizing spacer 12 applies a uniform pressure to the rock sample end face by the pressurizing piston 11. At both ends of the sample, a pressurizing piston 11 and a pressurizing diaphragm 12 are disposed.
The heights of the steel sheet caps 15 are determined according to the angle of the expected generated rock cracks 101, the sum of the heights of the two steel sheet caps 15 is smaller than the height of the rock sample 100, and the general crack angle is between 30 degrees and 60 degrees, so that the gas can pass through the expected generated cracks, the gas can be prevented from overflowing from two sides, and meanwhile, the manual control of the crack shape can be realized. The cross-sectional shape of the steel cap 15 and the cross-sectional shape of the rock sample 200 are matched so that the rock sample 200 can be just put into the steel cap 15 and when pressure is applied to both ends of the rock sample 200, stress concentration is generated at the position of the rock sample 200 corresponding to the end 151 of the steel cap 15 to induce rock cracks between the two.
The steel sheet cap 15 may be rectangular box-shaped or cylindrical barrel-shaped according to the shape of the rock specimen, and the steel sheet cap 15 made of steel sheet not only can concentrate stress of the rock specimen when pressure is applied, but also can enable a sensor disposed outside thereof to accurately detect the variation of the rock specimen.
The rubber boot 14 is used to tightly encase the rock sample 200 and forms a closed sample chamber with the two steel caps 15. The rubber boot 14 also blocks the possibility of short circuiting of gas from outside the rock sample during the osmoticum test.
The heating system comprises a heating plate which is positioned outside the side face of the side rock sample and is positioned outside the rubber leather sheath, the heating plate comprises a steel backing plate 13 and an electric heating plate 21 which is arranged outside the steel backing plate, and heat generated by the electric heating plate 21 is transmitted to the rock sample 100 through the steel backing plate 13 so as to evaluate the influence of temperature on the evolution process of rock damage. The steel backing plate 13 is located outside the rock sample and ensures that the rock sample 100 is stable and stressed evenly during loading. The steel pad is provided with several blocks and in combination surrounds the rock sample.
The monitoring system comprises a temperature monitoring device, a displacement monitoring device and an acoustic emission monitoring device.
The temperature monitoring device is provided with a plurality of temperature sensors 31, and the temperature sensors 31 are closely arranged outside the rubber leather sheath 14 along the circumferential direction of the rock sample 100 to monitor the temperature change condition of the rock sample 100 in the heating and pressurizing processes. The acoustic emission monitoring device is provided with a plurality of acoustic emission probes 32, and the acoustic emission probes 32 are respectively arranged outside two ends of a rock sample to monitor the expansion condition of cracks inside the rock in the axial pressurization process. The displacement monitoring device is provided with a plurality of axial displacement sensors 33 and an annular displacement sensor 34 respectively, the axial displacement sensors 33 measure the axial strain of the rock sample 100 in the axial pressurizing process, and the annular displacement sensors 34 measure the annular strain of the rock sample 100 in the axial pressurizing process.
The acoustic emission probe 32 and the axial displacement sensor 33 are arranged in the pressurizing pad 12 outside the upper and lower ends of the rock sample 100, when the pressurizing pad 12 applies axial pressure to the rock sample 100, the pressurizing pad 12 is closely attached to the steel sheet cap 15 and further to the rock sample 100, and the acoustic emission probe 32 and the axial displacement sensor 33 can accurately monitor. The temperature sensor 31 and the circumferential displacement sensor 34 are connected to the rubber boot 14 tightly wrapped around the rock sample 100 by means of ropes, adhesive tapes, or the like.
The seepage pressure system comprises an air compressing device and an air outlet collecting device, wherein an air source of the air compressing device adopts a high-pressure air cylinder 41, one end of an air inlet pipeline 44 of the air compressing device is connected with the bottom of a steel sheet cap 15 at one end of a rock sample 100, the other end of the air compressing device is connected with the bottom of the steel sheet cap, and the air compressing device is communicated with the inside of the steel sheet cap, and is provided with a pressure gauge 42 and a flowmeter 43 for measuring the pressure and the flow of air compressing; the gas collection device comprises a gas collection bottle 47 and a gas collection pipeline 48 of the gas collection device, one end of the gas collection pipeline is connected with the bottom of a steel sheet cap 15 at the other end of the rock sample 100, the other end of the gas collection bottle is connected with the bottom of the steel sheet cap, the gas collection pipeline is communicated with the inside of the steel sheet cap, and the pressure and the flow of the outflow gas are measured.
In the test process, inert gas such as nitrogen is injected from the bottom of the test device by using the air compressing device, the pressure is kept constant, the pressure and the flow of the inflow gas are recorded, and the pressure value is kept at 0.1-0.5 MPa.
And for experimental results, the recorded applied stress, permeability gas pressure and flow changes, temperature changes and acoustic emission events can be used for quantitatively analyzing the damage evolution process of the rock under different temperature and different stress conditions.
The above embodiments are merely examples of the present invention, and the technical features of the present invention are not limited thereto, and any changes or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the field of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The rock crack propagation testing device under the thermosetting coupling condition is characterized by comprising a loading system, a heating system, a monitoring system and an osmotic pressure system;
The loading system comprises a pressurizing device for loading pressure on two end surfaces of the rock sample, a rubber leather sheath and two steel sheet caps respectively sleeved outside the two ends of the rock sample;
The height of the steel sheet cap is determined according to the angle of the expected rock crack, the cross section shape of the steel sheet cap is matched with the cross section shape of the rock sample, so that the rock sample can be just put into the steel sheet cap, and when pressure is loaded on two ends of the rock sample, stress concentration is generated at the position of the rock sample corresponding to the end part of the steel sheet cap, and the rock crack is induced between the steel sheet cap and the rock sample;
The caliber of the rubber leather sheath can be tightly sleeved outside the two steel sheet caps and the rock sample, and the length of the rubber leather sheath at least meets the requirement of wrapping the end parts of the two steel sheet caps and the rock sample between the two steel sheet caps;
the heating system comprises a heating plate which is positioned outside the side face of the side face rock sample and positioned outside the rubber leather sheath;
The monitoring system comprises a temperature monitoring device, a displacement monitoring device and an acoustic emission monitoring device;
The temperature monitoring device is provided with a plurality of temperature sensors which are closely arranged outside the rubber leather sheath along the circumferential direction of the rock sample; the acoustic emission monitoring device is provided with a plurality of acoustic emission probes which are respectively arranged outside two ends of the rock sample; the displacement monitoring device is provided with a plurality of axial displacement sensors and annular displacement sensors respectively, the axial displacement sensors are arranged outside two ends of the rock sample, and the annular displacement sensors are arranged outside the rubber leather sheath;
The air inlet pipeline of the air compressing device is connected to the bottom of the steel sheet cap at one end of the rock sample and communicated with the inside of the steel sheet cap, and the air compressing device is provided with a pressure gauge and a flow meter for measuring the pressure and flow of air compressing; the gas collection device comprises a gas collection bottle, a gas collection pipeline of the gas collection device is connected to the bottom of the steel sheet cap at the other end of the rock sample and communicated with the inside of the steel sheet cap, and the gas collection device is provided with a flowmeter and a manometer to measure the pressure and flow of the outflow gas.
2. The device for testing crack growth of rock under thermosetting coupling condition according to claim 1, wherein the acoustic emission probe is disposed in a pressing pad closely attached to the bottom of the steel cap.
3. The device for testing the crack growth of the rock under the thermosetting coupling condition according to claim 1, wherein the heating plate comprises a steel backing plate and an electric heating plate arranged on the outer side of the steel backing plate, and the electric heating plate is used for generating heat to be transferred to a rock sample so as to evaluate the influence of temperature on the evolution process of the rock damage.
4. A rock crack growth testing device under thermoset coupling conditions as claimed in claim 3, wherein the steel backing plate is provided with a plurality of blocks and in combination surrounds the rock specimen.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810487208.9A CN108548726B (en) | 2018-05-21 | 2018-05-21 | Rock crack growth testing device under thermosetting coupling condition |
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| CN201810487208.9A CN108548726B (en) | 2018-05-21 | 2018-05-21 | Rock crack growth testing device under thermosetting coupling condition |
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| CN108548726A CN108548726A (en) | 2018-09-18 |
| CN108548726B true CN108548726B (en) | 2024-05-10 |
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109342204A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-02-15 | 北京强度环境研究所 | A kind of rodlike nonmetallic materials test block comprehensive detection device |
| CN109855969A (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2019-06-07 | 中原工学院 | A kind of rock biaxial compression test device considering temperature |
| CN110441214B (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2020-09-15 | 中国地质大学（北京） | Coal sample crack penetration testing device and testing method thereof |
| CN110553934B (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2021-11-02 | 浙江科技学院 | Round hole linear nail column type double-sided energy-gathering joint cutting and monitoring system |
| CN110658083A (en) * | 2019-11-12 | 2020-01-07 | 河北工业大学 | Synchronous testing system and testing method for transient high-temperature deformation and damage of concrete |
| CN114252380B (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2023-04-25 | 西南交通大学 | Method for testing crack flow conductivity in high Wen Yanti thermal damage process |
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| KR100924149B1 (en) * | 2006-10-31 | 2009-10-28 | 한국지질자원연구원 | Method for measuring in-situ stress of rock using thermal crack |
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| CN103558136A (en) * | 2013-11-07 | 2014-02-05 | 大连海事大学 | System and method for testing rock damage and permeability under coupling effect of temperature stress and circumferential seepage |
| CN203929557U (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2014-11-05 | 东北大学 | A kind of gas bearing shale crack develops and seepage flow characteristics proving installation |
| CN104897554A (en) * | 2015-07-02 | 2015-09-09 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Low permeability rock gas permeation test device and method under air and heat coupling effect |
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