CN108546871B - 一种核电机组一体化堆顶组件用钢及其制造方法 - Google Patents
一种核电机组一体化堆顶组件用钢及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CADICXFYUNYKGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenemanganese Chemical compound [Mn]=S CADICXFYUNYKGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/25—Hardening, combined with annealing between 300 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius, i.e. heat refining ("Vergüten")
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
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- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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Abstract
本发明公开一种核电机组一体化堆顶组件用钢及其制造方法。钢中含有C:0.09%~0.13%;Si:0.10%~0.25%;Mn:1.30%~1.80%;P≤0.012%;S≤0.008%;Cr:0.40%~0.80%;Mo:0.30%~0.50%;Al:0.020%~0.045%;Ni:0.50%~0.80%,其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质。开轧温度≥1050℃,终轧温度≥850℃,轧制速度≤2.5m/s、单道次最大压下量不低于10%;淬火温度920±20℃,保温时间2~4min/mm;回火温度610±20℃,保温时间5~10min/mm。成品钢板厚度为30~110mm,具有良好综合力学性能,并且完全满足GB/T 2970标准Ⅰ级超声波探伤要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于黑色金属材料,特别涉及Z向性能优良的核电机组一体化堆顶组件用厚钢板。
背景技术
核电作为一种高效、清洁、安全的能源,已经成为当今世界第二大电力来源。进入21世纪以来,受全球变暖的影响,世界主要发达国家和发展中国家纷纷重新审视其能源发展战略,把核能发电作为国家能源的重要发展战略。
从核电技术的发展趋势来看,目前在役的核电机组主要采用的是二代或二代加技术,其经济性和安全性也得到了时间的验证,但日本福岛核事故后,世界核电大国纷纷开展了第三代核电技术研究,对核电机组的安全性、经济性提出了更高的要求。第三代核电技术在安全理念设计方面,主要采用了非能动安全***或增加安全***冗余度、增设预防和缓解严重事故的工程措施、应用数字化仪控***等先进技术,降低核电厂的严重事故风险,实现更高的安全目标。
一体化堆顶组件为先进压水堆中非能动安全***的关键设备。主要由反应堆压力容器封头组件、屏蔽罩组件、提升装置、冷却风机***、电气部件、金属反射保温层、封头排气管、及各种电缆组成。正是由于一体化堆顶组件制造工艺和服役环境复杂,对材料的各项指标提出了更高的要求:一是最大厚度规格达到200mm;二是对钢板内部质量提出了更高的要求,增加了超声波探伤检测(包括直射波和斜射波);三是增加了-15℃低温冲击要求;四是增加了钢板头尾Z向性能要求,钢板具有更高的性能均匀性。
目前生产的三代核电机组一体化堆顶组件钢板相关专利如下:
舞阳钢铁有限责任公司申请的名为“一种核电工程设备用超大厚度钢板及生产方法”的专利,专利申请号为201210309621.9,公开号为CN 102851578A,钢中含有C≤0.20%,Si:0.10%~0.30%,Mn:1.15%~1.60%,P≤0.012%、S≤0.010%,Mo:0.45%~0.55%,Ni:0.50%~0.80%,Cr≤0.20%,V≤0.010%,Cu≤0.18%,Nb≤0.02%,Ti≤0.030%,Al总≥0.020%,Cu+6Sn≤0.33%,余量为铁及杂质。该发明的超大厚度钢板及生产方法,钢板的厚度为155mm,生产方法新颖独特,钢板强度适中,低温冲击韧性和高温拉伸性能良好,抗层状撕裂性能、冷加工及焊接性能均良好,满足核电关键设备的要求,可应用于核电站蒸发器、高压封头及压力容器等关键设备的制造。但是该钢可生产的最大厚度为155mm,没有明确钢板内部质量能够达到的无损检测标准等级,并且采用制造成本更大的模铸生产方式。
舞阳钢铁有限责任公司申请的名为“大厚度核电用Q345D钢板及其生产方法”的专利,专利申请号为201610361358.6,公开号为CN105803329A,钢中含有C≤0.18%,Si≤0.50%,Mn≤1.70%,P≤0.020%、S≤0.015%,Ni≤0.50%,Cr≤0.30%,Cu≤0.30%,Mo≤0.10%,Al总≥0.020%,Nb:0.020%~0.030%,V:0.025%~0.040%,其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质。该发明涉及大厚度核电用Q345D钢板及其生产方法,钢板的厚度达到380mm,生产方法新颖独特,钢板屈服强度350MPa左右,低温冲击韧性良好,满足核电设备的要求。但可生产的380mm钢板没有Z向拉伸指标,没有明确钢板内部质量能够达到的无损检测标准等级,并且采用制造成本更大的电渣重熔生产方式。
发明内容
基于上述现有技术的不足,本发明的目的是提供一种生产厚度规格30~110mm,能满足超声检测要求并具有优良Z向性能的核电机组一体化堆顶组件用厚钢板。具体的技术方案是:
一种核电机组一体化堆顶组件用钢,钢中按质量百分比包含如下组分:C:0.09%~0.13%;Si:0.10%~0.25%;Mn:1.30%~1.80%;P≤0.012%;S≤0.008%;Cr:0.40%~0.80%;Mo:0.30%~0.50%;Al:0.020%~0.045%;Ni:0.50%~0.80%,其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
采用上述成分设计理由如下:
C:C作为钢中的重要元素,在钢的组织没有变化的情况下,钢的强度和硬度随着碳含量的增加而增加,但碳含量过高,不利于焊接和渗碳体等第二相难控制,同时会使韧性、塑性和钢板焊接性能明显恶化,同时碳作为间隙元素对材料起到辐照硬化作用。为了保证厚钢板具备良好的综合力学性能和焊接性能匹配,因此本发明要求钢中C含量控制在0.09%~0.13%范围内。
Si:Si具有很强的固溶强化作用,能显著提高钢的强度和硬度,同时起到脱氧剂的作用,但Si过高会增加钢的时效敏感性和韧脆转变温度,易出现夹杂物,钢材易生锈,但实验表明含硅高有稳定辐照缺陷的作用,因此本发明要求钢中Si含量控制在0.10%~0.25%。
Mn:钢中Mn元素在冶炼中的作用是脱氧和消除硫的影响,并且能通过固溶强化的方式强化铁素体,可以提高钢的淬透性,在非调质钢中Mn降低奥氏体转变温度,细化铁素体晶粒,提高钢的冲击功,但Mn含量过高时,则钢硬化而延展性变坏,严重影响钢的Z向性能,并且有增大辐照脆化的趋势,因此本发明要求钢中Mn含量控制在1.30%~1.80%范围内。
Cr:Cr能使组织细化而又均分,能提高钢的强度、硬度和耐磨性,并且固溶Cr可以捕获自由C和N,降低间隙原子对材料的辐照脆化作用,但Cr含量过高,会降低钢的塑性和韧性,影响钢的Z向性能,因此本发明要求钢中Cr含量控制在0.40%~0.80%。
Mo:Mo能使钢的晶粒细化,提高淬透性和热强性能,而不减其塑性和韧性,所以能提高钢的Z向性能和高温性能,并且Mo元素与C、N、O的亲和力强,抑制辐照脆化。因此本发明要求钢中Mo含量控制在0.30%~0.50%。
Al:Al可作为氮化铝形成元素,有效细化奥氏体晶粒,从而细化了铁素体晶粒和组织,提高钢的冲击韧性,但是超过0.07%时,脱氧作用达到饱和;再高则对母材及焊接热影响区韧性有害。因此本发明要求钢中Al含量为0.020%~0.045%。
Ni:镍通过降低钢种位错运动阻力,使应力松弛,进而改变基体组织的亚结构,从而提高钢的韧度,但镍元素有增加辐照脆化的趋势。因此钢中加入Ni的范围为0.50%~0.80%。
P:磷是钢中有害元素,磷偏析晶界,恶化韧性,增加钢的冷脆性,使焊接性能变坏,降低塑性,使冷弯性能变坏,并且磷元素有加速辐照脆化的倾向。因此要求钢中的P含量越低越好,本发明要求不高于0.012%。
S:硫在通常情况下是有害元素。硫化锰有一定塑性,随轧制方向拉长延伸,加大了钢的各向异性,这对钢的横向性能非常不利。硫形成的硫化铁使钢在热轧和焊接中产生热脆裂纹,尽量控制其含量最低,并且硫元素有加速辐照脆化的倾向。因此本发明要求钢中S含量应限制在0.008%以下。
一种核电机组一体化堆顶组件用钢的制造方法,包括:铁水预处理、转炉冶炼、炉外精炼、连铸、轧制及调质热处理工艺,主要采取以下技术措施:
采用铁水深脱硫、转炉冶炼、炉外精炼、真空处理和连铸工艺生产连铸坯;连铸坯采用高温、慢辊速和大压下进行轧制,通过在高温奥氏体再结晶区慢辊速(轧制速度≤2.5m/s)和大压下(单道次最大压下量不低于10%)轧制,通过动态再结晶使奥氏体晶粒得到充分细化的同时,提高生产效率,替代普遍采用的两阶段轧制工艺,确定直轧工艺为:开轧温度≥1050℃,终轧温度≥850℃,轧后空冷。
钢板轧后采用淬火+回火热处理工艺,得到细致、均匀的回火索体组织,并使钢板具有良好的综合力学性能,与正火相比,钢板综合力学性能更为优良,与TMCP+回火工艺相比,钢板性能更为均匀。为充分发挥钢中Cr、Mo等合金元素作用,同时结合其他化学成分及轧制工艺特点,使轧制后的组织完全奥氏体化,以及回火充分,并针对不同厚度特点,调质工艺如下:
调质处理工艺为:淬火温度920±20℃,保温时间2~4min/mm;
回火温度610±20℃,保温时间5~10min/mm。
有益效果:
本发明提供了一种核电机组一体化堆顶组件用钢及其制造方法,生产的钢板厚度为30~110mm,同现有技术相比,有益效果如下:
(1)本发明工艺生产的产品,通过化学成分优化和生产工艺参数设计,具有良好的综合力学性能,高温抗拉强度≥650MPa,钢板调质处理后,Z向断面收缩率均达到55%以上。
(2)本发明采用的生产工艺在保证产品综合性能要求的同时,可以保证钢板内部质量,均能满足GB/T 2970标准Ⅰ级超声波探伤要求,与模铸生产的产品相比,主要通过提高成材率显著降低生产成本。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于具体说明本发明内容,这些实施例仅为本发明内容的一般描述,并不对本发明内容进行限制。
表1为各实施例钢中化学元素的质量百分含量;表2为实施例钢板的热轧工艺;表3为实施例钢的热处理工艺;表4为实施例钢板的力学性能。
表1各实施例钢的化学成分(wt%)
实施例 | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Mo | Al | Ni |
1 | 0.09 | 0.18 | 1.45 | 0.010 | 0.005 | 0.43 | 0.33 | 0.025 | 0.50 |
2 | 0.10 | 0.20 | 1.52 | 0.009 | 0.004 | 0.52 | 0.35 | 0.027 | 0.52 |
3 | 0.11 | 0.20 | 1.62 | 0.007 | 0.004 | 0.60 | 0.40 | 0.028 | 0.55 |
4 | 0.12 | 0.21 | 1.60 | 0.007 | 0.004 | 0.66 | 0.45 | 0.028 | 0.60 |
5 | 0.13 | 0.23 | 1.75 | 0.008 | 0.003 | 0.78 | 0.48 | 0.032 | 0.65 |
表2各实施例钢的轧制工艺
表3各实施例钢的热处理工艺
表4实施例钢板力学性能
由表可得,根据本发明生产的钢板,室温下屈服强度≥600MPa,抗拉强度>690MPa,延伸率A≥23%,300℃高温下屈服强度≥545MPa,抗拉强度>670MPa,延伸率A≥20%。Z向断面收缩率单值≥62%,-45℃冲击功单值>185J,钢板具有良好综合力学性能,并且完全满足GB/T 2970标准Ⅰ级超声波探伤要求。
Claims (2)
1.一种核电机组一体化堆顶组件用钢的制备方法,其特征在于,钢中化学成分按质量百分比为:C:0.09%~0.13%;Si:0.10%~0.25%;Mn:1.30%~1.80%;P≤0.012%;S≤0.008%;Cr:0.40%~0.80%;Mo:0.30%~0.50%;Al:0.020%~0.045%;Ni:0.50%~0.80%,其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质;
钢板的生产工艺为:铁水预处理、转炉冶炼、炉外精炼、连铸、轧制及调质处理工艺,轧制的开轧温度≥1050℃,在高温奥氏体再结晶区的轧制速度≤2.5m/s,终轧温度≥850℃,单道次最大压下量不低于10%,轧后空冷;
调质处理采用淬火+回火热处理工艺,淬火温度910~930℃,保温时间2~4min/mm;回火温度590~620℃,保温时间5~10min/mm。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种核电机组一体化堆顶组件用钢的制备方法,其特征在于,钢板的厚度为50~110mm。
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