CN108543539B - BiVO4/AgIO3Heterojunction nano photocatalytic material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

BiVO4/AgIO3Heterojunction nano photocatalytic material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN108543539B
CN108543539B CN201810206973.9A CN201810206973A CN108543539B CN 108543539 B CN108543539 B CN 108543539B CN 201810206973 A CN201810206973 A CN 201810206973A CN 108543539 B CN108543539 B CN 108543539B
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bivo
agio
photocatalytic
solution
heterojunction
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CN108543539A (en
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刘敏毅
林国良
宋旭春
谢宇昕
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Fujian University of Technology
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    • B01J35/39—
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/8678—Removing components of undefined structure
    • B01D53/8687—Organic components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
    • B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
    • B01J27/08—Halides
    • B01J35/40—
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
    • B01D2257/708—Volatile organic compounds V.O.C.'s
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/80—Employing electric, magnetic, electromagnetic or wave energy, or particle radiation
    • B01D2259/802—Visible light
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C02F2101/308—Dyes; Colorants; Fluorescent agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C02F2101/36—Organic compounds containing halogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C02F2101/38—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/34—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
    • C02F2305/10—Photocatalysts

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of photocatalytic materials, and particularly relates to BiVO4/AgIO3Heterojunction nano photocatalytic material and preparation method and application thereof. The photocatalytic material is BiVO4And AgIO3And compounding. The AgIO with better visible light response is obtained by taking silver nitrate, potassium iodate, ammonium vanadate and bismuth nitrate as raw materials and utilizing a hydrothermal method and a precipitation method3/BiVO4The heterojunction photocatalytic material can be used for photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes and antibiotics in wastewater under visible light. The preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple process, easiness in control and low cost; prepared AgIO3/BiVO4Heterojunction photocatalytic material with visible light catalytic activity ratio AgIO3And BiVO4All have obvious improvement, the photocurrent is bigger, better improve the visible light catalytic activity and stability, to the water bodyThe antibiotics such as tetracycline and dyes such as rhodamine B have good degradation effect, and the application of the antibiotics and dyes in the photocatalytic degradation of volatile organic waste gas can be further expanded.

Description

BiVO4/AgIO3Heterojunction nano photocatalytic material and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photocatalytic materials, and particularly relates to BiVO4/AgIO3Heterojunction nano photocatalytic material and preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The photocatalysis technology is a clean light energy utilization substance conversion technology, and the application fields of the photocatalysis technology comprise hydrogen production by photolysis of water, degradation of organic pollutants in water, degradation of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in air, simulation of plant photosynthesis process and the like. The technology of realizing photocatalytic reaction by means of semiconductor materials is more and more widely concerned, the semiconductor materials can generate electron-hole pairs under illumination, one part of electrons and holes meet in a bulk phase or on the surface to be compounded, and the other part of electrons migrate to the surface of the semiconductor, have stronger reducing capacity and can be combined with adsorbed oxygen to generate free radicals with strong oxidizing property; the holes transferred to the surface of the semiconductor have strong oxidizing power and can be combined with O adsorbed on the surface of the semiconductor2And H2O is combined to form, for example, OH, HO2、H2O2And O2Strong oxidizing radicals which can directly interact with the reactants and decompose them oxidatively without secondary pollution. In the semiconductor photocatalysis technology, the key to improve the photocatalysis efficiency is to reduce the forbidden bandwidth and improve the utilization rate of light quantum, so that the visible light response performance of the semiconductor is improved, and to avoid the recombination of photo-generated electron holes.
It is known that Bi-based semiconductor catalysts are important photocatalysts having visible light-responsive properties. Wherein, n-type BiVO4The semiconductor has better visible light photocatalysis effect due to the forbidden band width of about 2.3eV, but the BiVO alone4The poor separation efficiency of the photo-generated electron holes of the photocatalyst limits the ultimate photocatalysis thereofEfficiency. In addition, it is reported that orthorhombic silver iodate has a good photocatalytic effect and a good photo-generated electron-hole separation efficiency in an ultraviolet region due to its wide forbidden bandwidth. At present, there is no AgIO3/BiVO4A report of heterojunction photocatalyst.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a BiVO4/AgIO3Heterojunction nano photocatalytic material and preparation method and application thereof, BiVO4And AgIO3Hybridization is carried out to form the composite photocatalyst, and the application of the composite photocatalyst in the field of photocatalysis is expanded.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
the invention firstly provides BiVO4/AgIO3The heterojunction nano-photocatalysis material is made of BiVO4And AgIO3And compounding.
Wherein, AgIO3And BiVO4The compounding ratio is 20-80%, the compounding ratio is a molar ratio, and the meaning of the compounding ratio is AgIO3Account for BiVO4Molar weight ratio of (a).
More preferably, AgIO3And BiVO4The compounding ratio of (A) is 40%.
Further, the BiVO4The catalyst is synthesized by taking ammonium vanadate and bismuth nitrate as raw materials and utilizing a hydrothermal method.
Further, the AgIO3Is synthesized by taking silver nitrate and potassium iodate as raw materials and utilizing a precipitation method.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the photocatalytic material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving ammonium vanadate in a sodium hydroxide solution to obtain a solution A; dissolving pentahydrate bismuth nitrate in concentrated nitric acid to obtain solution B; dropwise adding the solution B into the solution A, carrying out ultrasonic treatment to uniformly mix the solution B, then adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to 7, continuously stirring the mixed solution uniformly, transferring the mixed solution into a polytetrafluoroethylene high-pressure reaction kettle, reacting the mixture at 180 ℃ for 24 hours, washing and filtering the product by distilled water and ethanol, and drying the product to obtain BiVO4；
(2) Dissolving silver nitrateAdding the BiVO synthesized in the step (1) into distilled water4Stirring evenly, adding potassium iodate solution under the condition of continuous stirring, continuing stirring for 2 hours, washing the product with distilled water and ethanol, filtering and drying to obtain BiVO4/AgIO3Heterojunction nano photocatalytic materials.
Finally, the invention provides application of the photocatalytic material, which is used for photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes and antibiotics in wastewater under visible light.
The organic dye comprises rhodamine B.
The antibiotic comprises tetracycline.
AgIO relating to the invention3And BiVO4Can not obtain better effect when independently participating in visible light photocatalytic degradation reaction, the degradation rate of the dye in the wastewater is not 10 percent within 40 minutes, but AgIO is used3And BiVO4After compounding, at AgIO3And BiVO4The composite ratio of the compound is 20 to 100 percent, and a better photocatalysis effect can be obtained in a wider range3:BiVO4When the content is 40 percent, the degradation rate of the organic dye reaches 100 percent within 25 min. Therefore, the heterojunction product has great significance when being applied to the field of photocatalysis, and is particularly represented as follows:
(1) the preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple process, easiness in control and low cost;
(2) AgIO prepared by the invention3/BiVO4The heterojunction photocatalytic material is tested by ultraviolet visible diffuse reflection, the light response of the heterojunction photocatalytic material moves to a visible light area, and the visible light catalytic activity of the heterojunction photocatalytic material is higher than AgIO3And BiVO4Are all obviously improved.
(3) AgIO prepared by the invention3/BiVO4Heterojunction photocatalyst and AgIO in photocurrent test3And BiVO4Compared with the prior art, the photoelectric current is larger, the separation of a photon-generated carrier is accelerated by the special heterojunction structure, the recombination probability of photon-generated electrons and holes is reduced, the visible light catalytic activity and stability of the photocatalyst are better improved, and the application of the photocatalyst in the photocatalytic degradation of volatile organic waste gas can be further expanded.
(4) AgIO prepared by the invention3/BiVO4The heterojunction photocatalyst also has a certain degradation effect on antibiotics such as tetracycline in a water body.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the following examples with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is an X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of a sample prepared according to the present invention, the abscissa of the pattern being 2 θ (angle) in degrees (°); intensity on the ordinate, in a.u. (absolute units);
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope (FESEM) image of a sample prepared according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectrum (UV-DRS) of a sample prepared in accordance with the present invention, wherein the abscissa is wavelet (Wavelength) in nm (nanometers) and the ordinate is Absorbance (Absorbance) in a.u. (absolute units);
fig. 4 is a (α h v) 1/2vs. h v spectrum of a sample prepared according to the present invention, wherein the abscissa is h v in eV (electron volts) and the ordinate is (α h v) 0.5 in dimensionless units;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the change of sample photocatalytic degradation rhodamine B (RhB) with Time, the sampling interval is 5min, the photocatalytic graph of heterojunction with different proportions is shown, the abscissa is Time (Time), the unit is min (min), the ordinate is C/C0, C0 is the initial concentration of rhodamine before the reaction starts, and C is the concentration of rhodamine under the sampling Time;
fig. 6 is an AgIO3 prepared according to the present invention: BiVO4 ═ 40% photocatalytic degradation spectra of rhodamine B in Wavelength (Wavelength) on the abscissa and in nm (nanometers) on the ordinate, absorbtan (absorbance) in a.u (absolute units).
Fig. 7 is an AgIO3 prepared according to the present invention: the photocatalytic degradation spectrum of the sample with 40% of BiVO4 for tetracycline.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The preparation scheme of the invention is as follows:
dissolving 2.3g ammonium vanadate in 20ml sodium hydroxide solution to obtainTo solution A; measuring 9.7g of bismuth nitrate pentahydrate and dissolving in 20ml of concentrated nitric acid to obtain a solution B; dropwise adding the solution B into the solution A, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 25min, adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to 7, carrying out magnetic stirring for 30min, transferring the mixed solution into a 100ml polytetrafluoroethylene high-pressure reaction kettle, reacting at 180 ℃ for 24h, washing and filtering the product by distilled water and ethanol, and drying at 80 ℃ for 12h to obtain BiVO4The photocatalyst of (1).
To synthesize BiVO4Taking the photocatalyst as a reference, and weighing and synthesizing AgIO according to the mass ratio of 0.4:13Silver nitrate and potassium iodate. Dissolving weighed silver nitrate in 20ml of distilled water, and adding BiVO4Magnetically stirring for 30min, continuously adding potassium iodate dissolved in 20ml of distilled water under the condition of continuous stirring, continuously stirring for 2h, washing and filtering the product by distilled water and ethanol, and drying at 80 ℃ for 12h to obtain AgIO3/BiVO4A heterojunction photocatalyst.
FIG. 1 is AgIO3、BiVO4And synthetic AgIO3/BiVO4XRD spectra of the heterojunction photocatalyst samples. Curve A is BiVO4The XRD spectrogram of the monomer sample has diffraction peak positions completely matched with those of a standard card (JCPDS NO.14-0688), has no impurity phase, and can determine that the prepared sample is pure BiVO4. Curve B is AgIO3XRD spectrogram of monomer sample with diffraction peak corresponding to standard (JCPDS NO.71-1928) orthorhombic system AgIO3Corresponding to the sample, no hetero-phase diffraction peak appears, which indicates that the prepared sample is pure AgIO3. The curve C, D, E in the figure is prepared AgIO3/BiVO4The heterojunction photocatalyst comprises monomer AgIO in a map3And BiVO4All characteristic peaks of (a), indicating that the two are combined together to form a composite material, and with AgIO3The increase in the amount of the compound represented by the peaks (041), (221), (061) and (271) of AgIO3 gradually increased.
FIG. 2 is AgIO3、BiVO4And synthetic AgIO3/BiVO4FESEM image of heterojunction photocatalyst sample. (A) Is AgIO3A monolithic photocatalyst which has a flat rectangular parallelepiped shape in appearance and is longThe degree is about 1.5-2 μm, the thickness is about 250nm, and the edges are rounded. (B) Is BiVO4The monomer photocatalyst is cubic in appearance, the side length is about 1-2 mu m, and the edge of the monomer photocatalyst is sharp. (C, D, E) is AgIO3：BiVO 420%, 40% and 80% AgIO3/BiVO4Heterojunction photocatalyst sample, visible in field of view with AgIO3Flat cuboid AgIO3The more it forms a heterojunction interface with BiVO 4.
FIG. 3 is AgIO3、BiVO4And synthetic AgIO3/BiVO4Ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectra of heterojunction photocatalyst samples. AgIO in the figure3The edge of the absorption peak of the monomer is about 360nm, and BiVO4Covers the UV to visible region (lambda. ltoreq.540), which indicates AgIO3Is responsive only to ultraviolet light, and BiVO4Extends from the ultraviolet to the visible region. To AgIO3/BiVO4Spectrogram analysis of the heterojunction photocatalyst sample shows that the photoresponse conditions of the three are approximately the same, and AgIO is combined respectively3And BiVO4Ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectrum of monomer, AgIO3The sample with the addition of 80 percent has AgIO in the spectrogram3Obvious absorption peak, and the absorption peak edge is closer to the ultraviolet region compared with other less addition amount. The light response performance of the hybrid heterojunction photocatalyst is superior to that of monomer AgIO3And BiVO4And differences in photocatalytic effects will occur due to differences in the hybridization ratios. The absorption peak edge is related to the forbidden band width of the photocatalyst, so that the method can be used for predicting the light absorption area of the sample, and can be used for estimating the forbidden band width of the sample based on the semiconductor light absorption theory and the result of DRS. The forbidden bandwidth of the sample, AgIO, was calculated by the Tauc plot method (FIG. 4)3And BiVO4The forbidden band widths of the crystal are respectively 2.15eV and 3.12eV, which are consistent with the forbidden band widths of the crystal reported by other literatures.
Photocatalytic activity test method:
a PLS-SXE300 xenon lamp light source is adopted, 50mg of photocatalyst is weighed and added into 200ml of 20mg/L rhodamine solution, dark reaction is carried out for 30min, and the light source is started after adsorption balance is achieved. And measuring the concentration of the rhodamine solution by an ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer, and calculating the degradation efficiency of the rhodamine solution.
FIG. 5 is AgIO3、BiVO4And synthetic AgIO3/BiVO4Degradation efficiency graph of 200ml rhodamine B sample with 20mg/l concentration of the heterojunction photocatalyst sample. As can be seen from the figure, the monomer AgIO3And BiVO4Almost has no degradation effect on rhodamine B, and the degradation rate is only 5 percent when the rhodamine B is degraded by light for 40 min; and AgIO3/BiVO4The heterojunction photocatalyst shows better photocatalytic effect, especially AgIO3：BiVO4The photodegradation efficiency of the sample to rhodamine B reaches 100 percent within 25min, and the degradation rate of the sample is higher than that of AgIO with the same degradation effect3：BiVO460% of the sample.
FIG. 6 shows AgIO at different sampling times when 200ml of 20mg/l rhodamine B is subjected to photocatalysis3：BiVO4Uv-vis absorption spectrum of 40% sample. It is clear from the figure that over time rhodamine B is significantly degraded and completely degraded at 25 min.
AgIO prepared by the invention3/BiVO4The heterojunction photocatalyst also has a certain degradation effect on tetracycline in a water body, as shown in fig. 7, the absorption peak of tetracycline at 360nm can be seen to be gradually degraded within 30 minutes, which represents that tetracycline is degraded to a certain extent, but the absorption peak at 229nm shows a trend of increasing and then decreasing, which indicates that AgIO in the degradation process3/BiVO4The heterojunction photocatalyst firstly degrades a certain part of the tetracycline structure, but the annular structure of the heterojunction photocatalyst is not fundamentally destroyed, and then the heterojunction photocatalyst is gradually degraded in a long-time continuous degradation process, but after 2 hours of photocatalytic degradation, the degradation rate is about 78%, the tetracycline structure cannot be completely destroyed, and the degradation residue remains in the water body.
In summary, the invention has the following advantages:
1. for the first time synthesize AgIO3/BiVO4A heterojunction photocatalyst.
2. The heterojunction structure accelerates the separation of photon-generated carriers, reduces the recombination probability of photon-generated electrons and holes, has better visible light absorption performance under visible light, and is greatly superior to the photocatalysis effect of a semiconductor monomer.
3. The method realizes the complete degradation of the organic dye rhodamine B in the water body within a short time of 25 minutes, and has good practical value. And has better degradation effect under a wider composite proportion (20-80 percent).
4. The preparation method of the composite photocatalyst is simple and feasible and has low price.
Although specific embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the specific embodiments described are illustrative only and are not limiting upon the scope of the invention, and that equivalent modifications and variations can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, which is to be limited only by the appended claims.

Claims (6)

1. BiVO4/AgIO3The heterojunction nanometer photocatalysis material is characterized in that: the photocatalytic material is BiVO4And AgIO3The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving ammonium vanadate in a sodium hydroxide solution to obtain a solution A; dissolving pentahydrate bismuth nitrate in concentrated nitric acid to obtain solution B; dropwise adding the solution B into the solution A, carrying out ultrasonic treatment to uniformly mix the solution B, then adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to 7, continuously stirring the mixed solution uniformly, transferring the mixed solution into a polytetrafluoroethylene high-pressure reaction kettle, reacting the mixture at 180 ℃ for 24 hours, washing and filtering the product by distilled water and ethanol, and drying the product to obtain BiVO4；
(2) Dissolving silver nitrate in distilled water, and adding the BiVO synthesized in the step (1)4Stirring, adding potassium iodate solution under continuous stirring, stirring for 2 hr, adding distilled water and distilled waterWashing with ethanol, filtering and drying to obtain BiVO4/AgIO3Heterojunction nano photocatalytic materials.
2. BiVO according to claim 14/AgIO3The heterojunction nanometer photocatalysis material is characterized in that: AgIO3And BiVO4The compounding ratio of (A) is 20-80%.
3. BiVO according to claim 24/AgIO3The heterojunction nanometer photocatalysis material is characterized in that: AgIO3And BiVO4The compounding ratio of (A) is 40%.
4. BiVO of any one of claims 1-34/AgIO3The application of the heterojunction nanometer photocatalytic material is characterized in that: the photocatalytic material is used for photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes and antibiotics in wastewater under visible light.
5. Use according to claim 4, characterized in that: the organic dye comprises rhodamine B.
6. Use according to claim 4, characterized in that: the antibiotic comprises tetracycline.
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CN109046388B (en) * 2018-09-21 2020-03-17 湖南大学 Method for removing antibiotics in water body by using copper sulfide/bismuth vanadate heterojunction photocatalyst
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