CN108537467A - A kind of Water Requirement computational methods of sweetfish fattening period - Google Patents
A kind of Water Requirement computational methods of sweetfish fattening period Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of Water Requirement computational methods of sweetfish fattening period, including：Analyze the fattening field habitat functional characteristics of sweetfish fattening period；Analyze attached algae feature；Analyzing influence sweetfish bait factor；Non-flood season flow rate of water flow and water requirement estimation；Flood period sweetfish fattens field flow rate of water flow and water requirement estimation.Existing Water Requirement lacks the analysis of the environmental demand problem needed for the practical existence of association biology and growth in calculating.The present invention selects endangered species sweetfish as ecological protection target; the fattening field habitat functional characteristics of its fattening period is analyzed first; further analysis finally proposes to be suitble to Water Requirement computational methods of the sweetfish needed for the existence of fattening period and growth to meet the flow condition needed for this habitat function.The present invention repairs and improves Habitat for Fish environment in imminent danger and function by the calculating of Water Requirement, abundant and developing ecology water requirement estimation appraisal procedure, and scientific basis is provided for bio-diversity conservation and water resources operation and management.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Water Requirement computational methods of sweetfish fattening period, are a kind of hydrology calculating of ecological protection
Method is a kind of Water Requirement computational methods of the sweetfish fattening period based on fish protection targeted vital period flow condition.
Background technology
It is the premise of river ecosystem stabilization and bio-diversity conservation that Ecology, which needs water satisfaction,.Carry out river both at home and abroad
Water demand for natural service quantity research has more than 60 years history, it has been suggested that method be more than 200 kinds.It is roughly divided into four classes：.China's water conservancy water
Electric industry is also promulgated《River and lake water demand for natural service assesses directive/guide》（It is tentative）（SL/Z479-2010）With《Water power water conservancy project river
Road ecological water, water at low temperature and fish pass structure environmental impact assessment technical manual（It is tentative）》（Environmental impact assessment letter [2006] 4）Technical bid
Standard, it is specified that use the wetted perimeter method analysis in Tennant methods, flow duration curve method and the hydraulics method in hydrology method first
Water Requirement is calculated, on this basis, is determined in conjunction with river protection species habitat demand and hydrology characteristics of Runoff comprehensive analysis
Ecological Water Demand of Channels.It is well known that relationship is extremely complex between aquatic ecosystem and River Hydrology situation, above-mentioned Tennant
The analysis method of a variety of river ecological water demands such as method, flow duration curve method and wetted perimeter method lacks for specific protection species
Ecological habit and flow condition demand coupling analysis, the accuracy of result of calculation can be had an impact.This calculating deviation
River waterr resources regulation and control are directly affected, that is, influence production, life and the ecological water allocation of water resource, also influence ecological protection
Effect.
Invention content
In order to overcome problem of the prior art, the present invention to propose a kind of Water Requirement calculating side of sweetfish fattening period
Method.The method is using the fattening period in the life cycle of the straddling fish stocks sweetfish of one of endangered species as research object, from completely
The flow condition of the habitat function of sufficient fish fattening sets out, and proposes to combine the Water Requirement needed for Fish Survival and growth
Opposite Method for Accurate Calculation.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this：A kind of Water Requirement computational methods of sweetfish fattening period, including：
The step of analyzing the fattening field habitat functional characteristics of sweetfish fattening period：Analyze the growing process of sweetfish fattening period and each
The feeding habits of bioprocess；Sweetfish is straddling fish stocks, and growth period is divided into fattening period, egg-laying season, Wintering Period and migration phase；Sweetfish is fattened
The feeding habits feature of phase is using attached algae as feed source；
The step of analyzing attached algae feature：Algae is based on its habitat, can be divided into the planktonic algae for being suspended in water body and life
In the attached algae of various matrix；Attached algae can be divided into again according to growth matrix to be born in the attached plant algae of plant surface,
Be born in the epilithic algae of stone, the algae that is attached to the algae of deposit surface and is attached to animal surface it is several；The food of sweetfish
Property be to scrape food to be attached to fresh Diatomeae on cobble；
Analyzing influence sweetfish feeds the step of factor：According to the characteristics of sweetfish feeds fresh attached algae is influenced, sweetfish is analyzed
The influence that fattening field flow fattens sweetfish；The flow rate of water flow and water requirement for influencing sweetfish fattening must reach following two indices：
In the river small stream of non-flood season：Flow rate of water flow and water requirement, which must be sufficiently achieved, rushes dead attached algae from cobble surface
It walks, ensures regrowing for cobble surface Diatomeae；
Flood period：The flow velocity and water of flow are enough the silt during band is leaked water, and avoid the fresh of sediment settlement covering cobble surface
Raw Diatomeae；
The step of non-flood season flow rate of water flow and water requirement estimation：The mean velocity in section that sweetfish fattens field is calculated according to formula
With Water Requirement Q：
Wherein：For critical drag velocity,κFor Karman constants,hFor the depth of water,It is river width for Effective surface roughness height, B；
Flood period sweetfish fattens the step of field flow rate of water flow and water requirement estimation：The silt of flood period considers two kinds of situations, a kind of
It is no viscosity silt, another kind is that have viscosity silt；
No viscosity silt is calculated according to following formula：
There is viscosity silt to be calculated according to following formula：
Wherein：θ m For under the conditions of critical incipient motion Shields parameters,ρ s For sand grain density,ρFor water body density,dFor silt
Particle diameter,gFor weight acceleration,SFor deposition silt content,S m For sedimentation stablize after silt content,U c1 For sediment incipient motion
Corresponding river course mean flow rate.
The beneficial effect comprise that：The practical existence of shortage association biology and life during existing Water Requirement calculates
The analysis of long required environmental demand problem.The present invention selects endangered species sweetfish as ecological protection target, analyzes it first
The fattening field habitat functional characteristics of fattening period, further analysis is meets the flow condition needed for this habitat function, most
It proposes to be suitble to Water Requirement computational methods of the sweetfish needed for the existence of fattening period and growth afterwards.The present invention passes through water demand for natural service
Habitat for Fish environment in imminent danger and function are repaired and are improved in the calculating of amount, abundant and developing ecology water requirement estimation appraisal procedure,
Scientific basis is provided for bio-diversity conservation and water resources operation and management.The method of the invention improves existing Water Requirement
Method, result of calculation is more rationally accurate, and target species are effectively protected.Reasonable coordination production, life and ecological water
Between relationship, improve water resource utilizing status and benefit.Have for the protection of endangered species and bio-diversity preferable
Reference value.Supplement and develop the industry specifications that existing Water Requirement calculates.
Description of the drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is sweetfish different life habitat schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the process schematic of one the method for the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
Embodiment：
The present embodiment is a kind of Water Requirement computational methods of sweetfish fattening period.
The basic ideas of the present embodiment are：Requirement of the links of fish different life to ecological environment is different
, the requirement to Water Requirement is also different.The computational methods of existing Water Requirement mainly pass through River Hydrology mistake
Journey and its hydraulic parameter lack the life process feature for specifically needing biology to be protected and practical existence and growth come what is determined
Required Ecological Environment Analysis.For this purpose, the present embodiment selects straddling fish stocks-sweetfish in imminent danger as research object, by its life mistake
Journey resolves into several life cycles such as oviposition, fattening, overwintering and migration, analyzes specific requirements of the fattening period to growing environment, into
And the existence for calculating fish fattening period and the Water Requirement needed for growth, see Fig. 1.
The present embodiment the method is as follows that process is as shown in Figure 2：
One, the step of fattening field habitat functional characteristics of analysis sweetfish fattening period：Analyze sweetfish fattening period growing process and
The feeding habits of each bioprocess；Sweetfish is straddling fish stocks, and growth period is divided into fattening period, egg-laying season, Wintering Period and migration phase, sweetfish
The feeding habits feature of fattening period is using attached algae as feed source.
It is general annual 3~May, overwintering near estuary coast when river water water temperature gradually rises to 10 DEG C~15 DEG C
Sweetfish juvenile fish（Body grows 2~3cm）Just it traces back migration into river mouth and fattens field to river middle and upper reaches are located at；6~August part, sweetfish exist
The fattening growth of river middle and upper reaches fattening field, individual big at this time are up to 20cm；9~October, sweetfish from fattening field downstream into
It lays eggs in spawning ground；11~December, the prelarva after sweetfish hatching downstream drop river migration from spawning ground to positioned at river mouth and seashore
Wintering ground；In 1~2 month, sweetfish juvenile fish is in the overwintering growth in wintering ground positioned at river mouth and seashore（Body grows 2~3cm）.Sweetfish three
Field distribution and fish migration situation such as Fig. 1.
Sweetfish starts to ingest after prelarva hatches 4~5 days, and wintering ground of the juvenile fish stage near estuary coast is ingested an angle
It is animal feeding habits based on class and Copepods and other small shell-fish etc..With ontogeny, annual Sail Up River in 3~May migration
To fattening field trip into the process, Feeding organ develops, and target of ingesting gradually is changed to lower algae.Sweetfish fatten field with
Attached algae on riverbed cobble is food.Therefore, for the fattening period of sweetfish, the good of the growth of the attached algae of field is fattened
The bad quality that decide sweetfish growth.
Two, the step of analyzing attached algae feature：Algae is based on its habitat, can be divided into the planktonic algae for being suspended in water body
With the attached algae for being born in various matrix；Attached algae can be divided into the attached plant algae for being born in plant surface according to growth matrix again
Class, the epilithic algae for being born in stone, the algae for being attached to deposit surface and the algae for being attached to animal surface are several, sweetfish
Feeding habits be to scrape food to be attached to fresh Diatomeae on cobble.
Algae is the water plant for the lowermost level for converting the nutritive salt such as nitrogen, phosphorus to by photosynthesis organic substance.Base
In its habitat, algae can be divided into the planktonic algae for being suspended in water body and the attached algae that is born in various matrix.Wherein it is raw
Algae be attached to riverbed cobble, rock, on bed mud and aquatic plant the algae such as diatom, cyanobacteria, green alga general name, according to its life
Long matrix can be divided into the attached plant algae (epiphyton) for being born in plant surface, the epilithic algae for being born in stone again
(epilithon), it is attached to the algae (epipelion) of deposit surface and is attached to the algae (epizoon) of animal surface
It is several.Attached algae is typically distributed across on the gravel in the faster region of rift flow velocity, is the important of zoobenthos and fish
Feed source.
Three, the step of analyzing influence sweetfish bait factor：According to the characteristics of sweetfish feeds fresh algae is influenced, analysis is fragrant
The influence that fish fattening field flow feeds sweetfish；Following two fingers must be reached by influencing the flow rate of water flow of sweetfish feed and water requirement
Mark：
In the river small stream of non-flood season：Flow rate of water flow and water requirement, which must be sufficiently achieved, rushes dead attached algae from cobble surface
It walks, ensures regrowing for cobble surface Diatomeae.
For the algae of apposition growth based on diatom, type accounts for 80% or more of all algae in the small stream of river.And diatom is in food
Belong to the producer in chain, is located at food chain bottom end.Diatom life cycle is shorter, and generally 5-7 days, anchorage was strong.Sweetfish is main
The fresh Diatomeae that food is attached on cobble is scraped, if the diatom to die is washed away not in time, new diatom can not grow, and
The composition of raw algae also can influence the food source of sweetfish by developing into based on diatom based on blue-green alge.
Flood period：The flow velocity and water of flow are enough the silt during band is leaked water, and avoid sediment settlement covering cobble surface
Fresh Diatomeae.
When flood occurs, flow brings a large amount of silts, and flow rate of water flow reduces after flood, then a large amount of fine sediments become silted up
Product covers attached algae on streambed substrate, and food is scraped in the growth and sweetfish that can also influence attached algae.
Above-mentioned two situations, influence the habitat function of sweetfish fattening field, and then influence the fattening growth of sweetfish.For
This, is required to certain flow so that and falling off for the attached algae detritus die or washes away siltation in the silt on substrate at update,
Form cleaner cobble surface, for newly the growth of raw diatom environment is provided.
Four, non-flood season flow rate of water flow and the step of water requirement estimation：The average water that sweetfish fattens field is calculated according to formula
Flow flow velocityU c And Water RequirementQ：
The drag force produced by flow needed for update that falls off of attached algae detritusτ c It should be greater than the glutinous of the attached algae detritus die
Tie powerτ z , see formula（1）.In formula, critical drag force caused by flow, or be the critical bed shear stress of flow,τ c With
Formula（2）It calculates, in formulaρFor the density of water,gFor acceleration of gravity,hFor the depth of water,JFor hydraulic slope,u *c For critical frictional resistance stream
Speed.The cohesion of attached algae detritusτ z It can be determined by field investigation or experiment.The resistance proposed using Dou Guoren is public
Formula（3）Calculate river cross-section mean flow rate corresponding with critical drag velocityU c , in formulak s It is high for Effective surface roughness,κIt is normal for Karman
Number, B is river width.Finally use formula（4）Calculate the Water Requirement in sweetfish spawning groundQ。
（1）
（2）
（3）
(4)
Five, flood period sweetfish fattens the step of field flow rate of water flow and water requirement estimation：Silt two kinds of situations of consideration of flood period, one
Kind is no viscosity silt, and another kind is that have viscosity silt.
No viscosity silt is calculated according to following formula：
There is viscosity silt to be calculated according to following formula：
Wherein：θ m For under the conditions of critical incipient motion Shields parameters,ρ s For sand grain density,ρFor water body density,dFor silt
Particle diameter,gFor weight acceleration,SFor deposition silt content,S m For sedimentation stablize after silt content,U c1For sediment incipient motion
Corresponding river cross-section mean flow rate.
Fine sediment of the siltation on riverbed cobble surface is washed away to need to consider two kinds of situations.The first situation is by no stickiness
Start flow velocity of silt consider, that is, the fine sediment on riverbed cobble surface that deposits is no stickiness, or not with attached algae shape
When at viscous state, only consider that sand grain starts required flow mean velocity in verticalWith critical drag velocityBetween
Relationship.Korea Spro can be utilized, and it is the formula proposed（5）It calculating, h is the depth of water in formula,For sand grain grain size.And critical frictional resistance
Flow velocityWith critical shear stressBetween relationship be formula（6）, in formulaFor the density of water.So as to which spawning ground is calculated
Water Requirement Q, see formula（7）, B is river width in formula.
(5)
(6)
(7)
The second situation is by there is cohesive sediment particle to consider, i.e., general fine sediment has stickiness, or without stickiness fine grained
When sediment siltation is on the attached algae for being grown on riverbed cobble surface, it is easy to form stickiness.Sand grain with stickiness
It is frequently not individual particle when starting, is in most cases more particle silt Incipient motion of lump.At this point, in addition to considering that flow is dragged
Drag and uplift force are more than outside the effective gravity of sand grain, it is also contemplated that intergranular cohere force effect.It is therefore possible to use
The incipient motion formula of Yang Mei minister in ancient times's stickiness fine deposit calculates, and sees formula（8）And formula（9）.In formula,For critical shear stress,
For the Shields parameters under the conditions of critical incipient motion,For sand grain density,For water body density,It is straight for sand grain
Diameter,To deposit silt content,Silt content after stablizing for sedimentation,It is flat for the corresponding river cross-section of sediment incipient motion
Equal flow velocity,For Karman constants,For Effective surface roughness height（It is proposed the specific term of author's name of the concept）,For water
It is deep.So as to which the Water Requirement Q in spawning ground is calculated, formula is seen（10）, B is river width in formula.
（8）
（9）
(10)
According to the flow condition that disclosure satisfy that above-mentioned three kinds of situations, the Water Requirement that sweetfish fattening place needs can be calculated.
The above method can be used for sweetfish, can also apply at other using algae as other fish of food.
Finally it should be noted that above be merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention and it is unrestricted, although with reference to preferable cloth
The scheme of setting describes the invention in detail, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that, it can be to the technology of the present invention
Scheme（Such as the type of fish, the utilization of various formula, step sequencing etc.）It is modified or replaced equivalently, without de-
Spirit and scope from technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of Water Requirement computational methods of sweetfish fattening period, which is characterized in that including：
The step of analyzing the fattening field habitat functional characteristics of sweetfish fattening period：Analyze the growing process of sweetfish fattening period and each
The feeding habits of bioprocess；Sweetfish is straddling fish stocks, and growth period is divided into fattening period, egg-laying season, Wintering Period and migration phase；Sweetfish is fattened
The feeding habits feature of phase is using attached algae as feed source；
The step of analyzing attached algae feature：Algae is based on its habitat, can be divided into the planktonic algae for being suspended in water body and life
In the attached algae of various matrix；Attached algae can be divided into again according to growth matrix to be born in the attached plant algae of plant surface,
Be born in the epilithic algae of stone, the algae that is attached to the algae of deposit surface and is attached to animal surface it is several；The food of sweetfish
Property be to scrape food to be attached to fresh Diatomeae on cobble；
The step of analyzing influence sweetfish bait factor：According to the characteristics of sweetfish feeds fresh attached algae is influenced, sweetfish is analyzed
Fatten influence of the field flow to sweetfish bait；The flow rate of water flow and water requirement for influencing sweetfish bait must reach following two indices：
In the river small stream of non-flood season：Flow rate of water flow and water requirement, which must be sufficiently achieved, washes away dead Diatomeae from cobble surface,
Ensure regrowing for cobble surface Diatomeae；
Flood period：The flow velocity and water of flow are enough the silt during band is leaked water, and avoid the fresh of sediment settlement covering cobble surface
Diatomeae；
The step of non-flood season flow rate of water flow and water requirement estimation：The mean velocity in section that sweetfish fattens field is calculated according to formula
With Water Requirement Q：
Wherein：For critical drag velocity,κFor Karman constants,hFor the depth of water,It is river width for Effective surface roughness height, B；
Flood period sweetfish fattens the step of field flow rate of water flow and water requirement estimation：The silt of flood period considers two kinds of situations, a kind of
It is no viscosity silt, another kind is that have viscosity silt；
No viscosity silt is calculated according to following formula：
There is viscosity silt to be calculated according to following formula：
Wherein：θ m For under the conditions of critical incipient motion Shields parameters,ρ s For sand grain density,ρFor water body density,dFor silt
Particle diameter,gFor weight acceleration,SFor deposition silt content,S m For sedimentation stablize after silt content,U c1For sediment incipient motion
Corresponding river cross-section mean flow rate.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN113475431A (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2021-10-08 | 四川大学 | Method for constructing branch habitat substitution suitability model matched with fish life history |
| CN114819753A (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-07-29 | 长江水利委员会水文局 | Cascade reservoir ecological scheduling method for promoting fish spawning |
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| CN113475431B (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2022-05-10 | 四川大学 | Method for constructing branch habitat substitution suitability model matched with fish life history |
| CN114819753A (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-07-29 | 长江水利委员会水文局 | Cascade reservoir ecological scheduling method for promoting fish spawning |
| CN114819753B (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-10-18 | 长江水利委员会水文局 | Cascade reservoir ecological scheduling method for promoting fish spawning |
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