CN1085317C - 低温液体气瓶装灌方法及其装置 - Google Patents

低温液体气瓶装灌方法及其装置 Download PDF

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CN1085317C
CN1085317C CN99101747A CN99101747A CN1085317C CN 1085317 C CN1085317 C CN 1085317C CN 99101747 A CN99101747 A CN 99101747A CN 99101747 A CN99101747 A CN 99101747A CN 1085317 C CN1085317 C CN 1085317C
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J·诺塔罗
小E·S·贝金豪森
T·E·德布里埃
B·H·达维森
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Abstract

一方面可避免气瓶内含物超过环境温度的偏移同时又适合气瓶迅速装灌气体的***，其中气瓶装料气体的产生是通过汽化与增压气体混合的增压低温液体以便同时在一个步骤中产生装料气体和控制装料气体的温度达到启动随后迅速装灌的速度。

Description

低温液体气瓶装灌方法及其装置
通常本发明涉及气瓶的装灌，更准确地说，涉及使用低温液体使气瓶装灌高压气体。
装灌气体的气瓶可在许多的用途中得到应用。例如，装灌氧气的气瓶可用来向病人分送医疗用的氧气。装灌氩气的气瓶可为焊接操作供给作为保护气体的氩气。装灌氮气的气瓶可为许多惰性应用场合供应氮气。装灌氯气的气瓶可用于可膨胀装置充氦以使其升空。装灌氢或烃的气瓶可为燃烧提供该种气体。装灌二氧化碳的气瓶可提供用于饮料碳酸化的二氧化碳。广泛使用的混合气体也可由气瓶供应。
气瓶的尺寸通常是较小的，一般在0.01-2.0立方英尺水容积的范围内，致使它们易于从装灌站运到使用点。—般来说，气瓶是在集中装灌站装灌气体然后由该装灌站运到使用点。气瓶用高压的气体装灌，通常超过2000磅/英寸2绝对压力(psia)，致使装入气瓶的气体量或质量达到最大值。
在气瓶装灌中，当气体自贮存容器流入气瓶且气瓶内的压力升高时，由于气瓶的体积固定，所以遵循理想气体定律关系气瓶内的气体温度将要升高。重要的是气瓶内的气体温度没有显著地超过环境温度。如果超过环境温度时，在任何指定压力下进入任何指定气瓶中的气体要减少，当气瓶的气体内含物降至环境温度，则该气瓶变得只有部分装满，因此从装灌站输送到使用点的气体较之按另处输送的气体可能要显著地少。
为了避免气瓶装灌加压气体时的气瓶内气体温度升高问题，专业人员以慢速装灌气瓶，典型的是每分钟大约100psi，结果由气瓶内压力升高引起的热量增加大致与由气瓶壁向环境散失热量速度相等。这样，气瓶内含物的温度不会显著地超过环境温度。这一操作方式有效地解决了气瓶部分装料的问题，但这种方法费时因而昂贵而无效率。
由此本发明的目的在于提供一种气瓶装灌***，该***能以显著高于至今可能的速度用高压气体装灌气瓶，但不会遇到由于气瓶的气体内含物温度升至明显超过环境温度产生的温升问题。
通过本发明能实现上述和其它种种目的，在阅读本说明书的基础上这些目的对所属领域的技术人员来说是明显的，本发明的一方面是：
一种气瓶装灌气体的方法，包括：
(A)用泵使低温液体增压以产生增压低温液体；
(B)汽化增压低温液体的第一部分以产生增压气体；
(C)使增压低温液体的第二部分与增压气体混合，再通过与增压气体的直接热交换汽化增压低温液体的第二部分以产生可控温度的增压气体；和
(D)使可控温度的增压气体通入气瓶。
本发明另一方面是：
气瓶装灌气体的设备，包括：
(A)低温液体储槽、液体泵和使低温液体由低温液体储槽通入液体泵的装置；
(B)汽化器、使低温液体由液体泵通入汽化器的入口装置和使气体由汽化器流出的出口装置；
(C)分流阀、入口装置与分流阀之间联通的第一通道和分流阀与出口装置之间联通的第二通道；和
(D)气瓶与使气体从出口装置通入气瓶的装置。
本文所用术语“低温液体”指的是温度为-40°F或低于-40°F的液体。
本文所用术语“直接热交换”指的是使两股液体通过接触或液体的相互混合进行热交换。
附图的简要描述
唯一的附图是用来图示本发明的一种最佳实施方案的，其中在装灌站上有许多气瓶通过岐管同时被装灌。
将参照附图对本发明进行详细地说明。现在参见附图，低温液体储槽1含有低温液体20。在能用于实施本发明的低温液体中，可以举出氧、氮、氩、氦、二氧化碳、氢、甲烷、天然气及其两种或两种以上的混合物。
当气瓶按要求装灌时，使一个或多个气瓶21通过装料管线22与装料台架或岐管4连接。附图中所说明的本发明实施方案表明4个与岐管4连接准备好装灌的这样的气瓶。还表明第二排4个连接的气瓶用于装料。在实际实施过程中，当第一排加料时第二排已连接用泵5抽空。第一排气瓶装完后，通过关闭适当的阀门停止气体流入这些气瓶，然后通过开启适当的阀门开始气体流入第二排的气瓶。当第二排的气瓶装灌时，切断第一排已装完的气瓶并准备好装运到使用点，再把空瓶接到岐管上，为的是在第二排气瓶完成装料后装料。重复该程序直到所有要求数目的气瓶都装灌完。附图表明每排有4个与岐管连接的气瓶。在实施本发明的过程中，以多份排列的形式可使1到数百个气瓶同时装灌。附图还表明在一条装料管线22上使用阀10，用于通过管道23转移气体至分析器11，监测装入气瓶(多个)气体的纯度。
通过低温液体泵2经阀25用管线24从低温液体储槽1排出低温液体，泵2可使低温液体增压，至一般范围在1000～10000psia内。低温液体泵2抽出的增压低温液体26分成第一部分27和第二部分28。第一部分27含增压低温液体26至少60％而第二部分28最高含增压低温液体26的40％。
汽化器3具有与低温液体泵2联通的入口，借此低温液体可从低温液体泵2流入汽化器3中，还具有出口，借此气体从汽化器3流出。在实施本发明时，任何适当的汽化器，如蒸汽加热的或电加热的汽化器都可以使用。优选汽化器是Vogler等人的美国专利4,399,660中描述和请求保护的需压汽化器。在汽化器3中，使增压低温液体的第一部分27汽化以便产生能从汽化器3出口内放出的增压气体29。
增压低温液体的第二部分28绕过汽化器3。分流阀6具有与汽化器入口联通的第一通道，借此第二部分28流入分流阀6，还具有第二通道，借此第二部分的低温液体以液流30的形式从分流阀6流入汽化器出口以便与增压气体混合。由增压气体产生的热量通过直接热交换汽化增压低温液体的第二部分，由此产生处于适合快速装灌气瓶(或多个气瓶)21所要求温度的可控温度增压气体31。可控温度增压气体31的温度优选范围在-40°F到-90°F。可控温度增压气体的温度通过控制分流阀6呈现更大开启或更大关闭位置状态，由此改变形成第二部分28的部分增压低温液体而得以保持在所要求的范围内。
可控温度增压气体31再进入气瓶(或多个气瓶)21中。由于进入气瓶(或多个气瓶)21中的气体的可控低温，所以气体能以很高的速度，通常为每分钟200-500psi进入气瓶，这种速度对比没有遇到气瓶(或多个气瓶)内温度超过环境温度的常规情况下可能的速度要快两倍或更多倍。灌气气瓶(或多个气瓶)的气体内含物最终压力一般范围在1000-10000psia，而温度范围在60°F-90°F，即只约为环境的温度。在实施本发明的情况下，花费在气瓶装灌的时间仅为常规情况下的一半。当装灌气瓶(或多个气瓶)时，如前所述是把气瓶(或多个气瓶)与岐管装置切断后准备好转运到使用点的。
本发明的气瓶装灌***能进一步提高以保证气瓶装灌的准确性。按照惯例检验气瓶与其它气瓶一起同时装灌并监测检验气瓶内含物的温度和压力。当检验气瓶内含物的温度和压力表明该检验气瓶装灌得合适时，关掉进入所有气瓶中的气流，因为这一点表明所有的气瓶均已装满。尽管温度和压力的监测能提供合理的准确性，但温度和压力仅为气瓶内含物的第二指标。第一指标是气瓶气体内含物的质量，这对于气瓶内含物的监测来说是潜在更准确的参数。本发明的气瓶装灌***使用附图所说明的质量监测***。
现再次参照附图说明安置在秤8上的检验气瓶7。为了保证检验气瓶7的起始温度与装灌循环结束时的产品气瓶(或多个气瓶)21相同，安装了调节热交换器9，用来加热进入先前循环后抽空的检验气瓶7的气体。
操作时，由于可控温度增压气体从岐管4流入产品气瓶21，所以它也可以经由阀门32和33流入检验气瓶7。气瓶21的装灌通过程序控制器和计算机***12可自动化控制。借助于接线34通过***12监测由秤8读出的重量而且当该读数指示检验气瓶7已装满气体时，***12向第一排发出入口阀35关闭和向第二排发出入口阀37开启，开始下一个装灌循环的信号。
通过使用本发明的低温液体气瓶装灌***，其中采取如下所述步骤生产适于气瓶装灌的加压气体，该步骤在所述气体装进产品气瓶(或多个气瓶)之前同时控制气体的温度以达到预定很低的温度，这样使气瓶装灌操作能在较迄今为止可能的速度快得多的速度下进行，结果提高了效率且降低了气瓶装灌程序的成本。
尽管参照了某些最佳实施方案对本发明进行了详细地说明，但所属领域的技术人员将会认识到权利要求书的精神和范围内还存着本发明其他的
实施方案。

Claims (10)

1.一种气瓶装灌气体的方法，包括：
(A)用泵使低温液体增压以产生增压低温液体；
(B)汽化增压低温液体的第一部分以产生增压气体；
(C)使增压低温液体的第二部分与增压气体混合，再通过与增压气体的直接热交换汽化增压低温液体的第二部分，以产生可控温度的增压气体；和
(D)使可控温度的增压气体流进气瓶。
2.权利要求1所述的方法，其中第一部分包含至少60％的增压低温液体和第二部分包含最高达40％的增压低温液体。
3.权利要求1所述的方法，其中可控温度的增压气体的温度范围为-40°F--90°F。
4.权利要求1所述的方法，其中可控温度的增压气体同时流入多个气瓶中。
5.权利要求1所述的方法，其中可控温度的增压气体以每分钟200-500psi的装料速度流入气瓶。
6.权利要求1所述的方法，其中低温液体包括氧、氮、氩、氦、氢、甲烷和二氧化碳中的一种或多种。
7.用于气瓶装灌气体的设备，包括：
(A)低温液体储槽、液体泵和使来自低温液体储槽的低温液体流入液体泵的装置；
(B)汽化器、使来自液体泵的低温液体流入汽化器的入口装置和使气体由汽化器流出用的出口装置；
(C)分流阀、入口装置与分流阀之间联通的第一通道和分流阀与出口装置之间联通的第二通道；和
(D)气瓶和使来自出口装置的气体流入气瓶的装置。
8.权利要求7所述的设备，其中使来自出口装置的气体流入气瓶的装置包括能使气体从出口装置出来同时流入多个气瓶的岐管。
9.权利要求8所述的设备，进一步包括秤上的检验气瓶、用于气体由岐管流向检验气瓶的装置、与检验气瓶保持流量联系的调节热交换器和与秤有电联系的程序控制计算机***。
10.权利要求8所述设备，进一步包括气体分析器和供气体从岐管流入气体分析器的装置。
CN99101747A 1998-02-03 1999-02-02 低温液体气瓶装灌方法及其装置 Expired - Lifetime CN1085317C (zh)

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