CN108525166B - Foam generating method using liquid nitrogen, application thereof and fire extinguishing method - Google Patents
Foam generating method using liquid nitrogen, application thereof and fire extinguishing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108525166B CN108525166B CN201710645950.3A CN201710645950A CN108525166B CN 108525166 B CN108525166 B CN 108525166B CN 201710645950 A CN201710645950 A CN 201710645950A CN 108525166 B CN108525166 B CN 108525166B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C5/00—Making of fire-extinguishing materials immediately before use
- A62C5/02—Making of fire-extinguishing materials immediately before use of foam
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
- A62C31/02—Nozzles specially adapted for fire-extinguishing
- A62C31/12—Nozzles specially adapted for fire-extinguishing for delivering foam or atomised foam
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Abstract
The invention discloses a foam generating method, application of the foam generating method in fire extinguishing and a fire extinguishing method. The foam generating method includes mixing liquid nitrogen with a foaming substance to foam the foaming substance. The foam generating method provided by the invention adopts a mode of mixing gas generated in situ by liquid nitrogen and foaming substances for the first time, and the volume ratio of the gas generated by the liquid nitrogen to the liquid nitrogen is higher, so that the volume of a container for storing the liquid nitrogen can be greatly reduced, and a small-volume storage device can replace a huge air compressor or air compressor set. Meanwhile, the liquid nitrogen is adopted to participate in foam foaming, nitrogen can be released after the foam is broken, and the nitrogen can play a role in inhibiting combustion on the surface of a combustion substance, so that the method is favorable for accelerating fire extinguishment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a foam generating method, application thereof in fire extinguishing and a fire extinguishing method.
Background
The existing compressed gas foam fire extinguishing mainly adopts a mode of mixing high-pressure gas and foam mixed liquid to generate foam to extinguish fire. The specific foam fire extinguishing mode mainly comprises two modes of pressure stabilizing type compressed gas foam fire extinguishing and gas storage type foam fire extinguishing. The compressed gas foam fire extinguishing method generally adopts a gas compressor, a high-pressure gas pipe network or a compressed gas steel cylinder to supply gas, the gas compressor and the compressed gas steel cylinder have limited gas supply amount and cannot meet the requirements of large flow, high pressure and long-time gas supply, and most places have no high-pressure gas pipe network. If large-flow, high-pressure and long-time gas supply is needed, a plurality of compressors or compressed gas steel cylinders (for example, a foam fire truck with a flow rate of 150L/S is taken as an example, the supply flow rate of gas is at least 1050L/S, and gas supply needs to be supplied by a plurality of large-scale air compressors), which occupies a large space, and is not favorable for field arrangement because the space for arrangement is often not provided in the tank area and the device area of the oil depot.
Another gas storage type foam fire extinguishing method is that compressed gas is stored in a fire extinguishing agent container generally, when the compressed gas is sprayed at a large flow rate, the compressed gas is consumed in a large amount, at the moment, in order to ensure the high-pressure spraying of the fire extinguishing agent, the compressed gas needs to be supplemented into the fire extinguishing agent container in time, and under the large-flow spraying state, sufficient supplement of the compressed gas cannot be ensured by only an air compressor and a compressed gas steel cylinder, so that the high-pressure spraying requirement cannot be effectively realized, along with the continuous spraying, the pressure in the container is obviously reduced, the foam performance gradually deteriorates, and the fire extinguishing effect is influenced. When major fire extinguishment is carried out, large-flow high-power foam is required to be produced for extinguishment, the flow of foam mixed liquid is increased at the moment, the gas supply amount of compressed gas is increased, the existing gas supply mode cannot realize the supply of large-flow high-pressure compressed gas, the maximum flow of the foam mixed liquid of the current compressed gas foam fire truck is only 15-20L/s, and the foam mixed liquid is mainly applied to fire suppression on a general scale at present, such as building fire, small-range ground flowing fire and the like, and cannot be applied to large-scale storage tank fire or large-scale ground flowing fire.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art high pressure gas supply technology and to provide a new method for generating foam, which enables a larger amount of foam to be obtained with a smaller apparatus and which has a higher extinguishing efficiency when used for extinguishing fires.
In order to accomplish the above object, the present invention provides, in one aspect, a foam generating method including mixing liquid nitrogen with a foaming substance.
In a second aspect the invention provides the use of the above method for extinguishing fires in a variety of locations.
The third aspect of the present invention also provides a fire extinguishing method which generates foam using the above foam generating method and then outputs the foam for fire extinguishing.
The foam generating method provided by the invention adopts a mode of mixing gas generated in situ by liquid nitrogen and foaming substances for the first time, and the volume ratio of the gas generated by the liquid nitrogen to the liquid nitrogen is higher, so that the volume of a container for storing the liquid nitrogen can be greatly reduced, and a small-volume storage device can replace a huge air compressor or air compressor set.
When the method for generating the foam is used for fire extinguishing, the fire fighting equipment has high response speed, can quickly respond in a short time to generate a large amount of gas, can replace the traditional gas supply modes such as an air compressor, a compressed gas steel cylinder, a high-pressure gas pipe network and the like, can meet the requirement of generating large-flow high-pressure gas supply required by large-flow high-multiple foam, provides enough gas flow for large-flow injection of a compressed gas foam fire extinguishing system and a gas storage type foam fire extinguishing system, and realizes effective application in major fire extinguishing; and because the gas supply time is long, external power is not needed, the independent working capacity is strong, the condition that a plurality of air compressors are required to be arranged and the occupied space of a compressed gas steel cylinder is large when the large-flow injection is required is avoided, the occupied space is small, the arrangement is flexible, and the field arrangement and the fire extinguishing work are convenient to develop.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a foam mixing apparatus used in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a spoiler having a tapered configuration;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a spoiler having a hemispherical structure;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a spoiler in a platform configuration.
Detailed Description
The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and such ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to those ranges or values. For ranges of values, between the endpoints of each of the ranges and the individual points, and between the individual points may be combined with each other to give one or more new ranges of values, and these ranges of values should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
In the present invention, the foam is generated by mixing liquid nitrogen with a foaming substance. That is, the present invention reduces the volume of gas equipment required when a large flow of foam is required by using liquid nitrogen as a gas source instead of conventional compressed air. The liquid nitrogen can rapidly generate gas, the generated gas can be conveniently mixed with the foaming substance to generate bubbles, the expansion ratio of the liquid nitrogen is about 700, namely 1 volume of the liquid nitrogen can provide about 700 volumes of nitrogen gas, the volume of the gas generated by the liquid nitrogen is greatly increased compared with the liquid nitrogen, and the compression ratio of conventional compressed air is not more than 20, so that the volume of a gas source can be greatly reduced under the condition of obtaining the same amount of gas, the liquid nitrogen can be directly used as the gas source to be mixed with the foaming substance to generate foam, the liquid nitrogen does not need to be gasified outside the foaming device in the prior art, and then the gasified nitrogen gas is sent into the foaming device to be mixed with the foaming substance, so that the volume of the device is greatly reduced, the flexibility of the device is improved, and the application place is widened.
In the invention, the ratio of the volume of the gas generated by the liquid nitrogen to the volume of the liquid nitrogen is as high as more than 500, namely the expansion ratio, so that the volume of the gas source can be greatly reduced by using the liquid nitrogen as the gas source to replace conventional compressed air, thereby reducing the volume of the mixing device. The compression ratio of the compressed air used in the compressed gas foam system is generally less than 20.
Since liquid nitrogen is gasified into gas under a normal room temperature environment, the gas can be obtained without additional operation.
The arrangement of negative pressure type foam (air suction type foam), compressed gas foam supplied with gas from liquid nitrogen, and compressed gas foam supplied with gas from a compressor unit were compared and analyzed by taking the case of extinguishing a full-area fire of a 10-ten-thousand-cubic meter storage tank as an example.
(1) For the negative pressure type foam fire extinguishing system, based on the foreign fire extinguishing cases, international authoritative standard specifications such as Japanese fire-fighting Law, API, LASTFIRE and the like and the recommended value of the storage tank fire research organization, for the fire fighting of the whole area of a 10-ten-thousand cubic meter storage tank, the supply intensity of foam mixed liquid needs at least 9L/min2The flow rate of the foam mixed liquid needs to be at least 45216L/min, the fire extinguishing time needs to be at least 60min, and the consumption of the foam mixed liquid is 2712m3。
(2) For compressor air supplyThe foam supply strength required for the compressed gas foam fire extinguishing system is 1/4 of the negative pressure type foam fire extinguishing system, but since the fire extinguishing area of a 10-ten-thousand-cubic-meter storage tank full-area fire is large, according to the fire extinguishing experimental data of the large-scale oil pan of the inventor of the present invention, the foam supply strength is suitably 5.4L/min.m2The flow rate of the foam mixture was 27130L/min. The air supply amount is at least 190m with the foaming ratio of 7 as the target3Min, plus loss, air supply not less than 200m3And/min. According to the air supply capacity (20-28 m) of the current large-scale air compressor unit3Min), 7-10 large air compressors are required to be arranged in parallel for air supply, and the floor area of each air compressor is about 5-6m2The total floor area of the air compressor set is 35-70m2. The extinguishing time is 60min, and the consumption of foam mixed liquor is 1627m3. The fire extinguishing test of the large-scale oil pan refers to that diesel oil is ignited in an oil pool with the diameter of 21m to form a full-area fire, and then foam is sprayed into the oil pan by using a foam fire extinguishing device to perform a fire extinguishing test.
(3) For the compressed gas foam fire extinguishing system supplied with gas by liquid nitrogen, the foam supply intensity is also 5.4L/min2The flow rate of the foam mixture was 27130L/min. The air supply amount is at least 190m with the foaming ratio of 7 as the target3Min, plus loss, air supply not less than 200m3And/min. The air supply amount in 60min is 12000m3The volume of the gasified liquid nitrogen is 710 times, so the required liquid nitrogen amount is 17m3. The actual fire extinguishing time is 60min, and the consumption of foam mixed liquid is 1627m3. The volume of a liquid nitrogen tank truck is generally 25m3The floor area is about 10 square meters. After the liquid nitrogen tanker was fully loaded with liquid nitrogen, the continuous feed time was 88 min. Specific examples are given in table 1 below.
TABLE 1
It can be seen from the comparison that the liquid nitrogen gas supply mode of the invention can greatly reduce the field area required by the gas supply equipment, reduce the gas supply difficulty and enable large-area fire extinguishing.
Although the liquid nitrogen is also partially gasified during transportation before being mixed with the foaming substance to generate gas, the amount of the gas is relatively small, most of the gas is generated during contact with the foaming substance and is immediately mixed with the foaming substance to foam, and the gas can participate in foaming, so that the invention still remains in the scope of "instant" gas generation.
According to the present invention, in order to reduce the volume of the foaming device, it is obvious that the above-mentioned method can be used to achieve the object, as distinguished from the conventional method of generating gas from the outside in advance and mixing the gas with the foaming substance. For example, a part of the gas may be supplied in the conventional manner, and the other part of the gas may be supplied in the instant generation manner as described in the present invention, so that the present invention may be applied in which a part of the gas is generated in advance outside the foaming device and then the gas is mixed with the foaming material, or in which all the gas is generated in the instant generation manner. That is, the gas for foaming in the present invention can be provided partially by the existing method and partially by the in-situ gasification of liquid nitrogen, or can be provided entirely by the in-situ gasification of liquid nitrogen. In order to maximize the advantage of reducing the volume of the gas storage device, at least 20% by volume, preferably at least 60% by volume, more preferably 100% by volume, of said gas is instantaneously produced by gasification of liquid nitrogen. That is, in the present invention, at least partially means at least 20% by volume, for example, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 100% by volume.
That is, in the present invention, the liquid nitrogen may be mixed with the foaming substance in such a manner that the liquid nitrogen directly contacts the foaming substance in a liquid flow form, or the liquid nitrogen may partially or completely gasify the liquid nitrogen and then contact the foaming substance in a fluid flow form. Preferably, the liquid nitrogen is mixed with the foaming substance within 10 minutes, preferably within 60 seconds, more preferably within 20 seconds, and even more preferably within 10 seconds after the vaporization of the liquid nitrogen.
The mixing conditions are not particularly limited, and may be at ordinary ambient temperature. Preferably, the mixing conditions include a mixing temperature of-10 ℃ to 60 ℃. That is, the liquid nitrogen and the foaming substance may be mixed under the condition of-10 ℃ to 60 ℃. Since the liquid nitrogen is gasified and then mixed with the foaming substance to form the foam, the mixing time is not particularly limited.
Preferably, liquid nitrogen is mixed with the foam mixture at a pressure of 1MPa or more, preferably 1-2 MPa; the foam mixture is mixed with the liquefaction medium at a pressure of 0.8MPa or more, preferably 0.8-1.5 MPa.
According to experimental test results, the volume ratio of the foaming substance to the liquid nitrogen is in the range of 80-160:1, and compressed gas foam with better quality can be obtained. Preferably, the volume ratio of foaming substance to liquid nitrogen is 90-130: 1. Better quality of compressed gas foam means that the foam lasts longer and is less prone to rupture, resulting in better fire fighting.
The inventor of the present invention found that when the foaming material is a foam mixture liquid, and the flow rates of liquid nitrogen and the foaming material satisfy the following relationship, good compressed gas foam can be realized: l is mV/nf. Wherein, L is the volume flow of liquid nitrogen, m is the set foaming times, the value is generally in the range of 5-200, preferably 5-20, more preferably 6-8, V is the volume flow of the foaming substance, n is the volume expansion ratio of the liquid nitrogen, f is the pipeline loss, and the value is in the range of 1-1.4. Wherein the volume flow V of the foaming substance is determined by the foam fire extinguishing system design Specification (GB50151-2010) according to the fire area. The volume expansion ratio n of the liquid nitrogen refers to the ratio of the volume of the nitrogen gas after expansion to the volume of the liquid nitrogen before expansion.
When liquid nitrogen is used as a gas source and the foam mixed liquid is used as a foaming substance, the foam mixed liquid is a main normal-temperature fluid, and after the foam mixed liquid is mixed with the liquid nitrogen, the foam mixed liquid can fully exchange heat with the liquid nitrogen, and the liquid nitrogen is quickly gasified in the foam mixed liquid and immediately participates in foaming. After the liquid nitrogen is gasified, the foam mixed liquid has little reduction of the liquid temperature due to large flow, and the foam mixed liquid can be ignored completely without influencing the foam quality. Even if the liquid nitrogen is contacted with the foam mixed liquid for the first time, a small amount of ice slag can be generated by the foam mixed liquid, but the ice slag can be melted quickly in the subsequent flow, and the foaming and foam spraying are not influenced at all.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the foaming substance is a foam concentrate and the mixing comprises contacting the liquid nitrogen, foaming substance and water each in the form of a liquid stream. Preferably, the volume ratio of the liquid nitrogen to the foaming substance to the water is 1: 1-10: 50-300, preferably 1: 3-7: 80-160.
Wherein the foam stock solution is protein foam solution, fluorine protein foam solution, aqueous film-forming foam solution, water-based foam solution, anti-dissolved fluorine protein foam solution, anti-dissolved water film-forming foam solution, etc., and generally contains various additives such as surfactants, stabilizers, etc.
In the present invention, the mixing may be performed in various devices capable of performing the functions of mixing and foaming the foaming substance, preferably, the mixing device may be a mixing device as shown in fig. 1, the mixing device may be a foam generator 1 having a mixing chamber having a foaming substance inlet 11 for inputting the foaming substance, a liquid nitrogen inlet 12 for inputting liquid nitrogen, and a foam outlet 13 for outputting the foam; wherein liquid nitrogen is mixed with the foaming substance and gasified in the mixing chamber to output the foam for fire extinguishing from the foam outlet 13.
Flow meters, pressure gauges and control valves may be provided at each port to control the flow ratio of the foaming substance inlet 11 and the liquid nitrogen inlet 12.
As shown in fig. 1, the foam generator 1 is a cylindrical structure, one end of the cylindrical structure is provided with at least one foaming substance inlet 11, the other end of the cylindrical structure is provided with at least one foam outlet 13, and the liquid nitrogen inlet 12 and the foaming substance inlet 11 are arranged at an angle, so that two liquids can be input into the mixing chamber and simultaneously have certain cross flow, and the mixing chamber can generate turbulence and has good mixing effect.
Preferably, the foaming substance inlet 11 is provided with one, the liquid nitrogen inlet 12 is provided with one or more around the foaming substance inlet 11, and the angle between the direction of each liquid nitrogen inlet 12 and the direction of said foaming substance inlet 11 is 0 ° to 90 °, more preferably 30 ° to 60 °. In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, one liquid nitrogen inlet 12 is provided; in other embodiments, the liquid nitrogen inlet 12 may be provided in plurality around the foaming substance inlet 11.
In the case where the foaming substance inlet 11, the liquid nitrogen inlet 12 and the foam outlet 13 are each provided one by one, the relationship between the diameter D1 of the cylindrical structure and the diameter D2 of the foaming substance inlet 11 is: D1/D2 is 1.1-4, preferably D1/D2 is 1.4-2.0; the relation between the diameter D2 of the foaming substance inlet (11) and the diameter D3 of the liquid nitrogen inlet (12) is: D2/D3 is 4-10; the relationship between the diameter D1 of the cylindrical structure and the diameter D4 of the foam outlet (13) is: D1/D4 is 0.8-2, preferably D1/D4 is 0.8-1.2. By controlling the diameter of each opening to conform to the relationship, the aforementioned flow relationship can be achieved without additional control devices, thereby enabling more adequate foaming and resulting higher foam quality.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foaming substance inlet 11, the liquid nitrogen inlet 12 and the foam outlet 13 are not limited to the arrangement as described above, and various changes or modifications may be made in the arrangement of the foaming substance inlet 11, the liquid nitrogen inlet 12 and the foam outlet 13 for better mixing.
For example, in another embodiment, one foaming substance inlet 11 may be provided, a plurality of liquid nitrogen inlets 12 may be provided around the foaming substance inlet 11, and the plurality of liquid nitrogen inlets 12 are sequentially deviated in direction from the radial direction in the transverse direction, so that the liquid flow entering from the liquid nitrogen inlet 12 can be rotated. Wherein, the direction of the cylindrical structure of the foam generator 1 from one end to the other end is a longitudinal direction, and the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction is the transverse direction.
In addition, a plurality of foam outlets 13 may be provided to connect the injection lines, respectively, so as to inject the foam in a plurality of directions through one foam generator 1.
To better control the flow of liquid nitrogen entering from the liquid nitrogen inlet 12, the liquid nitrogen inlet 12 may be provided with an inlet pipe 16 (shown in FIG. 1) that extends into the mixing chamber.
Furthermore, in the present embodiment, at least one turbulence generator 14 for disturbing the liquid flow is provided in the mixing chamber of the foam generator 1.
Wherein the spoiler 14 may be formed as a cone-shaped structure (see fig. 2), a hemispherical structure (see fig. 3), a platform structure (see fig. 4), or other irregularly shaped structure. The conical top of the conical structure, the spherical top of the hemispherical structure, or the plateau top surface of the plateau structure faces the foaming substance inlet 11.
Preferably, the cross section of the turbulence generator 14 is a circular structure, and the relationship between the diameter D7 of the turbulence generator 14 and the diameter D2 of the foaming substance inlet 11 is: D7/D2 is 1-4, preferably D7/D2 is 1.0-1.6. The distance L between the tip of the turbulator 14 and the outflow opening of the liquid nitrogen at the liquid nitrogen inlet 12 is 0-100 mm. In the preferred mode, the mixture can form turbulent flow, so that gas and liquid are mixed more fully, and foam with higher quality is obtained.
The spoiler 14 may be provided with a mounting portion 141 for fixing in the mixing chamber. As shown in fig. 1, the conical turbulence generator 14, the turbulence generator 14 is installed with the conical top facing the foaming substance inlet 11, the liquid flow of the foaming substance mixed with liquid nitrogen is rushed to the turbulence generator 14, the liquid flow can be broken up, the liquid flow is disturbed, and thus the liquid nitrogen and the foaming substance are fully mixed, so as to obtain foam with even foaming and good performance.
Of course, the arrangement of the turbulence generator 14 is not limited to the above, for example, a plurality of turbulence generators may be arranged and distributed at different positions in the mixing chamber, and any type of turbulence generator capable of disturbing the flow of liquid may be used.
In this embodiment, at least one porous structure 15 such as a perforated plate or a wire mesh, which is arranged at intervals, is further arranged in the mixing cavity of the foam generator 1, and each porous structure 15 is provided with a plurality of holes; the pores of the porous structure 15 are directed towards the foaming substance inlet 11 and the porous structure 15 is remote from the foaming substance inlet 11 with respect to the top of the turbulence generator 14. The liquid flow broken up by the turbulence generator 14 is directed from the periphery of the turbulence generator 14 to the porous structure 15, and the liquid flow is further disturbed by the porous structure 15 to be further mixed.
In the specific application of the mixing device, the foaming substance inlet 11 can be connected with a container for containing foaming substances or a stock solution mixer 2 for mixing foam stock solution and water to obtain the foaming substances; the liquid nitrogen inlet 12 may be connected to a liquid nitrogen tank, for example, or a liquid nitrogen tanker.
A pipeline with the length of more than 40m can be connected with the foam outlet 13 of the foam generator 1, liquid nitrogen and the foaming substance are mixed in the foam generator 1 and then are conveyed to the spraying opening through the pipeline with the length of more than 40m, when the liquid nitrogen and the foaming substance flow in the pipeline, the liquid nitrogen and the foaming substance are fully and repeatedly mixed, and stable foam with good performance is formed before spraying.
The mixing device can be arranged on fire extinguishing equipment, such as a fire extinguisher, a fire fighting foam car or a high-speed spray car. The fire extinguishing equipment generates foam through the mixing device, can generate large-flow foam, and occupies small space.
The foam generating method of the invention can be suitable for various occasions needing to generate foam, such as fire extinguishing, heat insulation protection, food production, sound insulation material production and the like. The specific fire extinguishing can be fire extinguishing and fire fighting of production facilities such as chemical enterprises, oil depots, refineries and the like, runway protection of airplanes in forced landing of the airfield runways and the like.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, when the foam generating method is used for fire extinguishing, the foam generating manner is as shown in fig. 1, the foaming substance inlet 11 is connected with the raw liquid mixer 2, the raw liquid mixer 2 is provided with a raw liquid inlet 21 for inputting foam raw liquid and a water inlet 22 for inputting water, the foam raw liquid and the water are respectively entered into the raw liquid mixer 2 from the raw liquid inlet 21 and the water inlet 22 to be mixed to obtain the foaming substance, and then the foaming substance is entered into the foam generator 1 from the foaming substance inlet 11. In order to obtain a foam mixed liquid with a proper concentration, the flow rates of the foam raw liquid and water to the raw liquid mixer 2 need to be controlled, and a flow meter, a control valve and the like can be arranged at the raw liquid inlet 21 and the water inlet 22.
In the present embodiment, it is preferable that the relationship between the diameter D6 of the water inlet 22 of the raw liquid mixer 2 and the diameter D5 of the raw liquid inlet 21 is: D6/D5 is 8-14; the relationship between the diameter D6 of the water inlet 22 and the diameter D2 of the foaming substance inlet 11 is: D6/D2 is 1.0-1.4.
The present invention will be described in detail below by way of examples. In the following examples, the fire extinguishing efficiency and the foam quality were evaluated by the method described in "foam fire extinguishing agent Standard" (GB 15308-2006).
In the following examples, each raw material was a commercially available product unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
The mixing device shown in fig. 1 is adopted for mixing to generate foam, wherein the mixing device is provided with a mixing cavity for mixing liquid nitrogen and foam mixed liquid, the wall surface of the mixing cavity is provided with 1 foam stock solution inlet, 1 liquid nitrogen inlet and 1 foam outlet, and the foam outlet and the foam mixed liquid inlet are respectively positioned at two ends of the cylindrical structure. The relationship between the diameter D2 of the foam mixed liquid inlet and the diameter D3 of the gas inlet is as follows: D2/D3 is 8, and the relationship between the diameter D1 of the cylindrical structure and the diameter D2 of the foam concentrate inlet is: D1/D2 is 1.4, the relationship between the diameter D1 of the cylindrical structure and the diameter D4 of the foam outlet is: D1/D4 is 1.2, a turbulence generator is arranged in the mixing cavity, the turbulence generator is formed into a conical structure shown in fig. 2, the conical top of the conical structure faces to the foaming substance inlet, the cross section of the turbulence generator is a circular structure, and the relationship between the diameter D7 of the turbulence generator and the diameter D2 of the foaming substance inlet is as follows: D7/D2 is equal to 1.2, and the distance L between the top end of the turbulence generator and the outlet of the liquid nitrogen at the inlet is 10 mm. The liquid nitrogen storage tank and the foam mixed liquid tank are respectively communicated with the gas-liquid mixing device through pipelines, and the angle between the direction of the liquid nitrogen pipeline inlet and the direction of the foam mixed liquid inlet is 10 degrees.
At 2m3The foam mixed liquid is stored for 1.5m in a storage tank3For example, the liquid mixture (3% type aqueous film-forming foam liquid product available from Jiangsu Jiang ya company) has a liquid pipe diameter of DN25, a working pressure in the liquid mixture storage tank of 1.2MPa, and a working pressure in the liquid nitrogen tank of 2 MPa.
For 4.52m3According to the design code of foam fire extinguishing system (GB50151-2010), the required flow rate V of the foam mixed liquid is 11.4L/min. The flow rate of the liquid nitrogen is determined according to the formula L mV/nf, where the expansion factor m is 7, n 710, f is setThe flow rate of liquid nitrogen is determined to be 0.11L/min, the liquid nitrogen and foam mixed liquid is sent into the mixing device shown in figure 2 at the flow rate to be mixed to generate foam, the foam is sprayed out from the foam outlet of the mixing device and is conveyed to a fire extinguishing area to extinguish fire, and as a result, 4.52m of foam is successfully extinguished3The fire extinguishing time of the national standard oil pan fire is only 100s, which is far higher than that of similar foams, and the liquid nitrogen is adopted to replace an air compressor to realize the large-flow injection of the compressed air foam fire extinguishing device. The actual foam expansion times were measured to be 7.1 and the 25% liquid separation time to be 3min by the method described in foam extinguishing agent Standard (GB 15308-2006).
Example 2
Mixing is carried out by adopting the mixing device shown in figure 1 to generate foam, wherein the mixing device is provided with a mixing cavity for mixing liquid nitrogen and foam mixed liquid, the wall surface of the mixing cavity is provided with 1 foam mixed liquid inlet, 1 liquid nitrogen inlet and 1 foam outlet, and the foam outlet and the foam mixed liquid inlet are respectively positioned at two ends of the cylindrical structure. The relationship between the diameter D2 of the foam mixed liquid inlet and the diameter D3 of the gas inlet is as follows: D2/D3 is 10, and the relationship between the diameter D1 of the cylindrical structure and the diameter D2 of the foam concentrate inlet is: D1/D2 is 2, the relationship between the diameter D1 of the cylindrical structure and the diameter D4 of the foam outlet is: D1/D4 is 1.2, a turbulence generator is arranged in the mixing cavity, the turbulence generator is formed into a hemispherical structure shown in fig. 3, the spherical top of the hemispherical structure faces to the foaming substance inlet, the cross section of the turbulence generator is a circular structure, and the relationship between the diameter D7 of the turbulence generator and the diameter D2 of the foaming substance inlet is as follows: D7/D2 is 1.6, and the distance L between the top end of the turbulence generator and the outlet of the liquid nitrogen at the inlet is 30 mm. The liquid nitrogen storage tank and the foam mixed liquid tank are respectively communicated with the gas-liquid mixing device through pipelines, and the angle between the direction of the liquid nitrogen pipeline inlet and the direction of the foam mixed liquid inlet is 30 degrees.
At 20m3The foam mixed liquid storage tank stores 15m3The foam mixed liquid (same as example 1) is taken as an example, the pipe diameter of the liquid conveying pipe is DN150, the working pressure in the foam mixed liquid storage tank is 0.8MPa, and the working pressure in the liquid nitrogen tank is 1.5 MPa.
For 450m2According to the design code of foam fire extinguishing system (GB50151-2010), the flow V of the foam mixed liquid required to be provided is 3000L/min. Determining the flow of liquid nitrogen according to a formula L mV/nf, wherein the foaming times m is 8, n is 710, and f is 1.17, thereby determining the flow of the liquid nitrogen to be 28.9L/min, sending the liquid nitrogen and foam mixed liquid into a mixing device shown in figure 2 at the flow for mixing to generate foam, spraying the foam from a foam outlet of the mixing device, then sending the foam to a fire extinguishing area through a foam output device for fire extinguishing, and as a result, successfully extinguishing 450m2The 5000 cubic meter oil tank fire only needs 25s, realizes the large-flow injection of the compressed air foam fire extinguishing device, and has the fire extinguishing time far shorter than that of the existing fire fighting equipment. The foam expansion was determined to be 7.2 by the same method as in example 1, and the 25% liquid-separating time was measured to be 3 min.
Example 3
Foam generation and fire suppression were performed as in example 2, except that the flow rate of liquid nitrogen was 22L/min. The result is an extended fire extinguishing time of 55 seconds.
Example 4
Foam generation and fire suppression were performed as in example 2, except that the relationship between the diameter of the foam mixture inlet D2 and the diameter of the gas inlet D3 was: D2/D3 is 3. As a result, the extinguishing time was extended to 95 seconds. The actual foam expansion was 4.2 and the 25% liquid-separating time was 1.5min as measured in the same manner as in example 1.
Example 5
Foam generation and fire extinguishing were carried out in the same manner as in example 2, except that the distance L between the tip of the turbulence generator 14 and the outflow opening of liquid nitrogen at the inlet 12 was 150 mm. As a result, the extinguishing time was extended to 75 seconds. The actual foam expansion was measured to be 4.9 and the 25% bleeding time was 2.0min in the same manner as in example 1.
Example 6
The fire engine comprises a 25m3A liquid nitrogen tanker and a high spray vehicle equipped with a mixing device (same as example 1) and supplying a foam concentrate (anti-water-soluble film-forming foam concentrate AFFF/AR-3%) The diameter of the injection pipe of the foam transport vehicle is DN150, and a 150L/s (1.0MPa) fire pump is configured. Water is supplied to the fire engine through a fixed fire-fighting water pipe network.
Liquid nitrogen, foam stock solution and water are respectively fed into a mixing device at 189L/min, 270L/min and 8730L/min to be mixed to generate foam, the foam is sprayed out from a foam outlet of the mixing device, the flow rate of the foam is 9000L/min, the spraying distance is 40m, and the lifting height is 30 m. The 25% liquid separating time was 3min as measured in the same manner as in example 1.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, many simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention, including combinations of various technical features in any other suitable way, and these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the disclosure of the invention, and all fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (13)
1. A foam generating method comprising mixing liquid nitrogen with a foaming substance to generate a foam;
wherein the foaming substance is a foam mixed liquid, and the mixing mode comprises directly contacting the liquid nitrogen with the foaming substance in a liquid flow mode respectively; the liquid nitrogen is mixed with the foaming substance within 10 minutes after being gasified; wherein the mixing conditions comprise that the mixing temperature is-30 ℃ to 60 ℃, the pressure of liquid nitrogen is 1MPa to 2MPa, and the pressure of the foaming substance is 0.8MPa to 1.5 MPa; the flow rate of the liquid nitrogen and the foam mixed liquid satisfies the following relation: l is mV/nf,
wherein, L is the volume flow of liquid nitrogen, m is the set foaming times and takes a value in the range of 6-8, V is the volume flow of foam mixed liquid, n is the volume expansion ratio of the liquid nitrogen, f is the pipeline loss and takes a value in the range of 1-1.4.
2. The foam generating method according to claim 1, wherein the liquid nitrogen is mixed with the foaming substance within 60 seconds after the gasification.
3. The foam generating method according to claim 2, wherein the liquid nitrogen is mixed with the foaming substance within 20 seconds after the vaporization.
4. The foam generating method according to claim 3, wherein the liquid nitrogen is mixed with the foaming substance within 10 seconds after the gasification.
5. The foam generating method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the liquid nitrogen and the foaming substance are mixed by a mixing device comprising a foam generator (1) having a mixing chamber with a foaming substance inlet (11) for inputting the foaming substance, a liquid nitrogen inlet (12) for inputting the liquid nitrogen and a foam outlet (13) for outputting foam; wherein, in the mixing chamber, the liquid nitrogen is mixed with the foaming substance to be gasified and foamed to output the foam for extinguishing fire from the foam outlet (13).
6. The foam generating method according to claim 5, wherein the foam generator (1) is a cylindrical structure, one end of the cylindrical structure is provided with at least one of the foaming substance inlets (11), the other end of the cylindrical structure is provided with at least one of the foam outlets (13), and the direction of the liquid nitrogen inlet (12) and the direction of the foaming substance inlet (11) are arranged at an angle of 0-90 °.
7. The foam generating method according to claim 6, wherein the foaming substance inlet (11), the liquid nitrogen inlet (12), and the foam outlet (13) are provided one each; wherein the relation between the diameter D1 of the cylindrical structure and the diameter D2 of the foaming substance inlet (11) is: D1/D2 is 1.1-4; the relation between the diameter D2 of the foaming substance inlet (11) and the diameter D3 of the liquid nitrogen inlet (12) is: D2/D3 is 4-10; the relationship between the diameter D1 of the cylindrical structure and the diameter D4 of the foam outlet (13) is: D1/D4 is 0.8-2.
8. A foam generating method according to claim 5, wherein at least one turbulence generator (14) is arranged in the mixing chamber for disturbing the liquid flow.
9. The foam generating method according to claim 8, wherein the spoiler (14) is shaped as a cone structure, a semi-spherical structure or a platform structure.
10. The foam generating method according to claim 8, wherein the cross section of the flow spoiler (14) is a circular structure, and the relationship between the diameter D7 of the flow spoiler (14) and the diameter D2 of the foaming substance inlet (11) is: D7/D2 is 1-4; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the distance L between the top end of the turbulence generator (14) and the outflow opening of the liquid nitrogen at the liquid nitrogen inlet (12) is 0-100 mm.
11. A foam generating method as defined in claim 8, wherein at least one spaced apart porous structure (15) is provided within said mixing chamber; a plurality of holes are arranged on each porous structure (15); the pores of the porous structure (15) are directed towards the foaming substance inlet (11) and the top of the porous structure (15) opposite the turbulator (14) is remote from the foaming substance inlet (11).
12. Use of a foam generating method according to any of claims 1-11 for extinguishing fires.
13. A method of extinguishing a fire by generating foam using the foam generating method of any one of claims 1 to 11 and then outputting the foam for extinguishing the fire.
Priority Applications (5)
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|---|---|---|---|
| AU2018226928A AU2018226928B2 (en) | 2017-03-01 | 2018-02-26 | Foam production method, fire extinguishing method, and foam extinguishing appliance |
| PCT/CN2018/077196 WO2018157770A1 (en) | 2017-03-01 | 2018-02-26 | Foam production method, fire extinguishing method, and foam extinguishing appliance |
| EP18761411.0A EP3590580B1 (en) | 2017-03-01 | 2018-02-26 | Foam production method, fire extinguishing method, and foam extinguishing appliance |
| US16/490,728 US11559711B2 (en) | 2017-03-01 | 2018-02-26 | Foam producing method, fire extinguishing method, and appliance for foam extinguishing |
| US18/156,435 US11980785B2 (en) | 2017-03-01 | 2023-01-19 | Foam producing method, fire extinguishing method, and appliance for foam extinguishing |
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| CN201710119860 | 2017-03-01 | ||
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| CN201710645441.0A Pending CN108525160A (en) | 2017-03-01 | 2017-08-01 | Foam-generating device and foam fire-fighting equipment |
| CN201720948766.1U Active CN207822314U (en) | 2017-03-01 | 2017-08-01 | A kind of big flow foam-generating device and foam fire-fighting equipment |
| CN201710645620.4A Pending CN108525163A (en) | 2017-03-01 | 2017-08-01 | Foam-generating device and fire extinguisher |
| CN201720948770.8U Active CN207822315U (en) | 2017-03-01 | 2017-08-01 | Foam generation module and foam fire-fighting equipment |
| CN201720950354.1U Active CN207186962U (en) | 2017-03-01 | 2017-08-01 | Foam-generating device and fire extinguisher |
| CN201720948804.3U Active CN207785707U (en) | 2017-03-01 | 2017-08-01 | A kind of foam-generating device using liquefied medium |
| CN201710645486.8A Pending CN108525161A (en) | 2017-03-01 | 2017-08-01 | Foam generation module and foam fire-fighting equipment |
| CN201720950419.2U Active CN207186963U (en) | 2017-03-01 | 2017-08-01 | Foam-generating device and foam fire-fighting equipment |
| CN201710645358.3A Pending CN108525159A (en) | 2017-03-01 | 2017-08-01 | A kind of big flow foam-generating device and foam fire-fighting equipment |
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| CN201720948766.1U Active CN207822314U (en) | 2017-03-01 | 2017-08-01 | A kind of big flow foam-generating device and foam fire-fighting equipment |
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| CN201720950354.1U Active CN207186962U (en) | 2017-03-01 | 2017-08-01 | Foam-generating device and fire extinguisher |
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| CN108525164A (en) * | 2017-03-01 | 2018-09-14 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of foam-generating device using liquefied medium |
| CN110507930A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2019-11-29 | 青岛诺诚化学品安全科技有限公司 | Built-in liquefied medium self-expansion type foam fire fighting system |
| CN110507932A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2019-11-29 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | External liquefied medium self-expansion type foam fire fighting equipment |
| CN110507934A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2019-11-29 | 青岛诺诚化学品安全科技有限公司 | Built-in liquefied medium self-expansion type foam fire fighting equipment |
| CN110507933A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2019-11-29 | 青岛诺诚化学品安全科技有限公司 | Liquefied medium self-expansion type foam production method and foam fire-fighting method |
| CN110507931A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2019-11-29 | 青岛诺诚化学品安全科技有限公司 | External liquefied medium self-expansion type foam fire fighting system |
| CN110450936A (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2019-11-15 | 福建工程学院 | A kind of unmanned airship delivery formula high foaming rate fixed froth installation |
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| CN110743118B (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2021-06-04 | 九江中船消防设备有限公司 | Foam fire extinguishing system and fire extinguishing method |
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