CN108519329B - Multi-channel scanning and detecting line confocal imaging device - Google Patents
Multi-channel scanning and detecting line confocal imaging device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-channel scanning and detecting line confocal imaging device, which comprises: the device comprises an excitation optical module, a scanning imaging module and a detection module; the exciting light module is used for providing two mutually separated line light spots obtained by shaping two laser beams, and the inclination angle and the divergence angle of the laser beams can be adjusted; the scanning imaging module is used for focusing the two linear light spots to different imaging positions so as to generate two imaging light beams and realize three-dimensional scanning imaging; the detection module is used for separating and detecting two imaging light beams; by finely adjusting the inclination angle and the divergence angle of two paths of light beams in the excitation light module, the simultaneous scanning imaging of double focal planes or the simultaneous scanning imaging of double lines of the same focal plane in a single objective field of view can be realized. The invention can effectively improve the imaging speed and is convenient for system adjustment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of microscopic imaging, and particularly relates to a multi-channel scanning and detecting line confocal imaging device.
Background
The microscopic imaging technology is widely applied to the fields of life science and medicine, the imaging speed is an important parameter in the field of microscopic imaging, and especially for imaging of large-volume samples, the technology is important for obtaining image information in a short time. Microscopic imaging methods can be classified into point scanning, line scanning, and area scanning according to the shape of the excitation light. The most common application of point scanning is laser scanning confocal microscopy, and in the imaging method, a small hole is arranged in front of a detector to filter out non-focal plane information interference and form optical chromatography, so that the image contrast is improved; confocal microscopy scans a sample point by point to obtain a complete image, has a slow imaging speed, and is commonly used for imaging small samples. In the area scanning mode, namely the wide field imaging mode, signals of the whole field of view of the objective lens can be acquired by one exposure, but because of no chromatographic effect, signals at different points interfere with each other, and high-resolution images are difficult to acquire. The line scanning imaging mode is an imaging mode between a point scanning imaging mode and a surface scanning imaging mode, and can not only add a slit in a detection optical path like a confocal microscope to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of an image, but also improve the scanning speed to a certain extent.
The existing line confocal microscope generally utilizes a cylindrical mirror to generate line light spots, and utilizes a vibrating mirror as a scanning device, and the frame rate of the microscope can reach 100Hz under the condition that the single objective field of view is 512 multiplied by 512 pixels. However, if a centimeter-level large-volume sample is to be imaged, a three-dimensional moving sample stage needs to be introduced to drive the sample to perform mosaic scanning imaging, and since the system is not imaged when the platform moves from the current position to the next imaging position, the larger the sample is, the more the platform moves, the more the non-imaging time is, and the imaging speed and the imaging efficiency are affected.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and the improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides a multi-channel scanning and detecting line confocal imaging device, which aims to realize multi-channel simultaneous scanning and detection of line scanning confocal by redesigning an illumination light path and a detection light path so as to improve the imaging speed and the imaging efficiency.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a multi-scanning and detecting line confocal imaging apparatus, comprising: the device comprises an excitation optical module, a scanning imaging module and a detection module; the exciting light module is used for providing two mutually separated line light spots obtained by shaping two laser beams, and the inclination angle and the divergence angle of the laser beams can be adjusted; the scanning imaging module is used for focusing the two linear light spots to different imaging positions so as to generate two imaging light beams and controlling the sample to move along the X direction, the Y direction and the Z direction so as to realize three-dimensional scanning imaging; the detection module is used for separating and detecting two imaging light beams; the divergence angle of the laser beam is adjustable, and the Z-direction position of the line light spot obtained by shaping the laser beam after being focused can be adjusted; the X-direction position of the line light spot obtained by shaping the laser beam after being focused can be adjusted based on the adjustable inclination angle of the laser beam; wherein, X direction is scanning direction, Z direction is sample axial, Y direction is the distribution direction of formation of image strip in the same focal plane, and X direction, Y direction, Z direction constitute right-hand coordinate system.
Further, the excitation light module includes: the device comprises a polarization beam splitter prism, a cylindrical lens and two light beam structures; the two light beam structures are used for providing two laser beams, and the inclination angle and the divergence angle of each laser beam can be adjusted; the polarization beam splitter prism is used for transmitting or reflecting the laser beams according to the polarization direction of the laser beams so that the propagation directions of the two laser beams are the same; the cylindrical lens is used for shaping two laser beams with the same propagation direction into two mutually separated line light spots.
Furthermore, the light beam structure comprises a laser, a beam expanding unit, an inclination angle adjusting unit and a half-wave plate which are sequentially arranged along the direction of the light path; the beam expanding unit is used for expanding the laser beam generated by the laser and adjusting the divergence angle of the laser beam, so that the position of a line spot in the Z direction after being focused is adjusted; the inclination angle adjusting unit is used for adjusting the inclination angle of the laser beam so as to adjust the X-direction position of the line light spot after being focused; the half-wave plate is used for changing the polarization direction of the laser beams, so that the propagation directions of the two laser beams after passing through the polarization beam splitting prism are the same.
Furthermore, the beam expanding unit comprises two convex lenses arranged on a common optical axis, and the axial relative positions of the two convex lenses are adjustable; the beam expanding unit adopts a Kepler type beam expanding method to realize beam expanding, and the beam expanding ratio is the ratio of focal lengths of the two convex lenses.
Further, the inclination angle adjusting unit includes two mirrors.
Further, the light beam structure further includes a mirror for adjusting the light path direction.
Further, the scanning imaging module comprises: the device comprises a dichroic mirror, an objective lens, a three-dimensional translation stage, an optical filter and a cylindrical mirror; the dichroic mirror is used for reflecting the linear light spot into the objective lens, and selecting the fluorescence generated by the sample so that the fluorescence signal enters the tube lens; the objective lens is used for focusing the two linear light spots to different imaging positions and exciting the sample to generate two paths of fluorescence signals; the cylindrical lens and the objective lens are arranged in a coaxial mode, and form an infinite correction microscope for imaging a fluorescence signal generated by a sample to form two imaging light beams; the optical filter is arranged between the objective lens and the cylindrical lens and is used for filtering impurity signals and improving the imaging quality; the three-dimensional translation stage is used for enabling the sample to move along the X direction, the Y direction and the Z direction so as to realize three-dimensional scanning imaging, and the surface of the three-dimensional translation stage is vertical to the optical axis of the objective lens; in a working mode, the excitation light module is arranged so that two linear light spots are focused to different focal planes through the objective lens and are staggered in the X direction through adjustment of the excitation light module, so that double focal planes are scanned and imaged simultaneously, two imaging light beams can be completely separated, and the imaging speed is improved; and then the sample is moved through the three-dimensional translation stage, and the rapid three-dimensional imaging of the large-volume sample can be realized.
Furthermore, a uniaxial galvanometer, a scanning lens, a scanning tube mirror and a fourth reflecting mirror are sequentially arranged between the dichroic mirror and the objective lens along the direction of the light path; the single-axis galvanometer is used for scanning the line light spots to realize the imaging of the whole field of view; the scanning lens and the scanning tube lens are used for realizing light path relay; the fourth reflecting mirror is used for adjusting the direction of the light path; in a working mode, the excitation light module is arranged so that two linear light spots are focused to different focal planes through the objective lens and are staggered in the X direction through adjustment of the excitation light module, so that double focal planes are scanned and imaged simultaneously, two imaging light beams can be completely separated, and the imaging speed is improved; the sample is moved through the three-dimensional translation stage, and rapid three-dimensional imaging of the large-volume sample can be realized; in another working mode, the arrangement of the excitation light module enables two linear light spots to be focused by the objective lens to imaging positions which are the same in Y-direction position and half of distance from the X-direction to the field of view in the same focal plane through adjustment of the excitation light module, and double-line simultaneous scanning imaging of the single-objective lens field of view on the same focal plane is realized through single-axis galvanometer scanning, so that the imaging speed is improved.
Further, the detection module comprises: the device comprises a right-angle prism, a first linear array camera and a second linear array camera; two right-angle surfaces of the right-angle prism are respectively plated with a reflecting film for separating two imaging light beams and enabling the separated imaging light beams to be respectively detected by the first linear array camera and the second linear array camera; the detection surfaces of the first linear array camera and the second linear array camera are both positioned on the image surface of the scanning imaging module, and the detection surfaces of the first linear array camera and the second linear array camera are respectively used as slits of line confocal images to filter out non-focal plane signals and improve image contrast.
Generally, by the above technical solution conceived by the present invention, the following beneficial effects can be obtained:
(1) the invention provides a multi-channel scanning and detecting line confocal imaging device, wherein an excitation light module provides two mutually separated line light spots obtained by shaping two laser beams, the line light spots are focused to different imaging positions by an objective lens in a scanning imaging module by adjusting the divergence angle and the inclination angle of the laser beams, so that two imaging light beams are generated, and the separation and detection of the two imaging light beams are realized by a detection module. The scanning imaging of two imaging positions can be realized simultaneously, the imaging advantage of line confocal is kept, the imaging flux in unit time is increased, and the scanning speed is effectively improved;
(2) in the preferred scheme of the multi-channel scanning and detecting line confocal imaging device, the scanning imaging module comprises a dichroic mirror, an objective lens, a three-dimensional translation stage, an optical filter and a cylindrical mirror; the excitation optical module is arranged, so that the two linear light spots are focused to different focal planes through the objective lens and are staggered in the X direction through adjustment of the excitation optical module, double focal planes can be scanned and imaged simultaneously while two imaging light beams can be completely separated, and the imaging speed is improved; the sample is moved through the three-dimensional translation stage, and rapid three-dimensional imaging of the large-volume sample can be realized;
(3) in the preferred scheme of the multi-channel scanning and detecting line confocal imaging device, the scanning imaging module further comprises a single-axis galvanometer; the excitation optical module is arranged, so that the two linear light spots are focused to different focal planes through the objective lens after being adjusted, the two imaging light beams can be completely separated, the simultaneous scanning imaging of the double focal planes can be realized, and the imaging speed is improved; the sample is moved through the three-dimensional translation stage, and rapid three-dimensional imaging of the large-volume sample can be realized; or the setting of the excitation light module is adjusted by the excitation light module, and the two linear light spots are focused by the objective lens to the imaging position with the same Y-direction position in the same focal plane and the distance between the X-direction and the half of the distance of the field of view in the X-direction, so that the double-line simultaneous scanning imaging of the single objective lens field in the same focal plane can be realized through the single-axis galvanometer scanning, and the imaging speed is improved;
(4) according to the multi-channel scanning and detecting line confocal imaging device, when a linear array camera of a detection module detects an imaging light beam, according to the characteristic that a detection surface of the linear array camera is only provided with a plurality of pixels in the direction vertical to a line light spot, the detection surface is directly used as a slit of line confocal, so that a non-focal surface signal can be filtered, the image contrast is improved, and the system adjustment is facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a multi-scanning and detecting confocal line imaging apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the formation of a line spot according to an embodiment of the present invention; (a) forming a schematic diagram of light spots in YZ planes; (b) is a schematic diagram of line spots in the XZ plane;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of multi-route spot formation;
FIG. 4 is a scanning imaging mode of the system;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a multi-scanning and detecting confocal line imaging apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like elements or structures, wherein:
the device comprises an excitation light module 1, a scanning imaging module 2, a detection module 3, a laser 10, a first convex lens 11, a second convex lens 12, a first reflector 13, a second reflector 14, a third reflector 15, a half-wave plate 16, a polarization splitting prism 17, a cylindrical lens 18, a dichroic mirror 20, an objective lens 21, a sample 22, a three-dimensional translation stage 23, a light filter 24, a cylindrical mirror 25, a single-axis vibrating mirror 26, a scanning lens 27, a scanning cylindrical mirror 28, a fourth reflector 29, a right-angle prism 30, a first linear array camera 31 and a second linear array camera 32.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
As shown in fig. 1, a multi-scanning and detecting line confocal imaging apparatus provided by the present invention, in a first embodiment, includes: the device comprises an excitation optical module 1, a scanning imaging module 2 and a detection module 3; the excitation light module 1 is used for providing two mutually separated line light spots obtained by shaping two laser beams, and the inclination angle and the divergence angle of the laser beams can be adjusted; the scanning imaging module 2 is used for focusing the two linear light spots to different imaging positions so as to generate two imaging light beams and controlling the sample to move along the X direction, the Y direction and the Z direction so as to realize three-dimensional scanning imaging; the detection module 3 is used for separating and detecting two imaging light beams; the divergence angle of the laser beam is adjustable, and the Z-direction position of the line light spot obtained by shaping the laser beam after being focused can be adjusted; the X-direction position of the line light spot obtained by shaping the laser beam after being focused can be adjusted based on the adjustable inclination angle of the laser beam; wherein, X direction is scanning direction, Z direction is sample axial, Y direction is the distribution direction of formation of image strip in the same focal plane, and X direction, Y direction, Z direction constitute right-hand coordinate system.
The excitation light module 1 includes: a polarization beam splitter prism 17, a cylindrical lens 18 and two beam structures; the two light beam structures are used for providing two laser beams, and the inclination angle and the divergence angle of each laser beam can be adjusted; the polarization beam splitter prism 17 is used for transmitting or reflecting the laser beams according to the polarization directions of the laser beams, so that the propagation directions of the two laser beams are the same; the cylindrical lens 18 is used for shaping two laser beams with the same propagation direction into two mutually separated line light spots; the light beam structure comprises a laser 10, a beam expanding unit, an inclination angle adjusting unit and a half-wave plate 16 which are sequentially arranged along the direction of a light path; the beam expanding unit is used for expanding the laser beam generated by the laser and adjusting the divergence angle of the laser beam, so that the position of a line spot in the Z direction after being focused is adjusted; the inclination angle adjusting unit is used for adjusting the inclination angle of the laser beam so as to adjust the X-direction position of the line light spot after being focused; the half-wave plate 16 is used for changing the polarization direction of the laser beams, so that the propagation directions of the two laser beams after passing through the polarization beam splitting prism are the same; the beam expanding unit comprises a first convex lens 11 and a second convex lens 12 which are arranged coaxially, and the axial relative positions of the two convex lenses are adjustable; the beam expanding unit adopts a Kepler type beam expanding method to realize beam expansion, and the beam expanding ratio is the ratio of focal lengths of the two convex lenses; the inclination angle adjusting unit includes a first mirror 13 and a second mirror 14; in one of the two beam configurations, a third mirror 15 is further included between the second mirror 14 and the half-wave plate 16 for adjusting the optical path direction.
The scanning imaging module 2 includes: a dichroic mirror 20, an objective lens 21, a three-dimensional translation stage 23, a filter 24, and a tube lens 25; the dichroic mirror 20 is used for reflecting the linear light spot into the objective lens 21, and selecting the fluorescence generated by transmitting the sample 22 so that the fluorescence signal enters the tube lens 25; the objective lens 21 is used for focusing the two linear light spots to different imaging positions, and exciting the sample 22 to generate two paths of fluorescence signals; the tube lens 25 and the objective lens 21 are arranged in a coaxial manner, and form an infinity corrected microscope for imaging the fluorescence signal generated by the sample 22 to form two imaging beams; the optical filter 24 is arranged between the objective lens 21 and the cylindrical lens 25 and is used for filtering impurity signals and improving the imaging quality; the three-dimensional translation stage is used for enabling the sample 22 to move along the X direction, the Y direction and the Z direction so as to realize three-dimensional scanning imaging, and the surface of the three-dimensional translation stage is perpendicular to the optical axis of the objective lens; in a working mode, the excitation light module 1 is arranged so that two linear light spots are focused to different focal planes through the objective lens 21 and are staggered in the X direction through adjustment of the excitation light module 1, namely the two linear light spots are staggered in the X direction and the Z direction after being focused through the objective lens 21, so that simultaneous scanning imaging of the two focal planes is realized and two imaging light beams can be completely separated; further, the sample 22 is moved through the three-dimensional translation stage 23, so that rapid three-dimensional imaging of a large-volume sample can be realized; in this operation mode, after a linear light spot is focused by the objective lens 21, the formation of the YZ plane and the XZ plane is shown in fig. 2(a) and fig. 2(b), respectively, and the formation of two paths of light spots is shown in fig. 3; during scanning imaging, as shown in fig. 4, the three-dimensional translation stage 23 drives the sample 22 to move along the X direction, and simultaneously, imaging of one strip in two focal planes is realized; after scanning and imaging of one strip in the focal plane, the three-dimensional translation stage 23 drives the sample 22 to move along the Y direction, and scanning and imaging are carried out on the next strip in the focal plane; after the scanning imaging of the whole focal plane is completed, the three-dimensional translation stage 23 drives the sample 22 to move along the Z direction, and the scanning imaging is performed on the next group of focal planes.
The detection module 3 includes: a rectangular prism 30, a first line-array camera 31, and a second line-array camera 32; two right-angle surfaces of the right-angle prism 30 are respectively plated with a reflecting film for separating two imaging light beams, and the separated imaging light beams are respectively detected by the first linear array camera 31 and the second linear array camera 32; the detection surfaces of the first and second line-array cameras 31 and 32 are both located on the image surface of the scanning imaging module 2, and the detection surfaces of the first and second line-array cameras 31 and 32 are respectively used as slits for line confocal to filter out non-focal-plane signals and improve image contrast.
As shown in fig. 5, in a second embodiment, on the basis of the first embodiment, a single-axis galvanometer 26, a scanning lens 27, a scanning tube mirror 28 and a fourth reflecting mirror 29 are sequentially arranged along the optical path direction between a dichroic mirror 20 and an objective lens 21; the single-axis galvanometer 26 is used for scanning the line light spots to realize the imaging of the whole field of view; the scanning lens 27 and the scanning tube mirror 28 are used for realizing optical path relay; the fourth mirror 29 is used for adjusting the optical path direction; in a working mode, the excitation light module 1 is arranged so that two linear light spots are focused to different focal planes through the objective lens 21 and are staggered in the X direction through adjustment of the excitation light module 1, so that simultaneous scanning imaging of the two focal planes is realized and two imaging light beams can be completely separated; further, the sample 22 is moved through the three-dimensional translation stage 23, so that rapid three-dimensional imaging of a large-volume sample can be realized; in another working mode, the excitation light module 1 is arranged such that, through adjustment of the excitation light module 1, the two linear light spots are focused by the objective lens 21 to imaging positions with the same Y-direction position and the same X-direction distance from the field of view by half in the same focal plane, and then scanning is performed through the single-axis galvanometer 26 to realize simultaneous scanning imaging of two lines in the single-objective field of view on the same focal plane.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A multi-scanning and detecting line confocal imaging device is characterized by comprising: the device comprises an excitation light module (1), a scanning imaging module (2) and a detection module (3);
the excitation light module (1) is used for providing two mutually separated line light spots obtained by shaping two laser beams, and the inclination angle and the divergence angle of the laser beams can be adjusted; the scanning imaging module (2) is used for focusing the two linear light spots to different imaging positions so as to generate two imaging light beams and control the sample to move along the X direction, the Y direction and the Z direction so as to realize three-dimensional scanning imaging; the detection module (3) is used for separating and detecting two imaging light beams; the divergence angle of the laser beam is adjustable, and the Z-direction position of the line light spot obtained by shaping the laser beam after being focused can be adjusted; the X-direction position of the line light spot obtained by shaping the laser beam after being focused can be adjusted based on the adjustable inclination angle of the laser beam;
the X direction is a scanning direction, the Z direction is a sample axial direction, the Y direction is a distribution direction of imaging strips in the same focal plane, and the X direction, the Y direction and the Z direction form a right-hand coordinate system;
the scanning imaging module (2) comprises: a dichroic mirror (20), an objective lens (21), a three-dimensional translation stage (23), a filter (24) and a tube lens (25);
the dichroic mirror (20) is used for reflecting the linear light spot into the objective lens, and selecting the fluorescence generated by transmitting the sample to enable a fluorescence signal to enter the tube lens (25); the objective lens (21) is used for focusing the two linear light spots to different imaging positions and exciting a sample to generate two paths of fluorescence signals; the cylindrical lens (25) and the objective lens (21) are arranged in a coaxial manner, and form an infinite correction microscope for imaging a fluorescence signal generated by a sample to form two imaging light beams; the optical filter (24) is arranged between the objective lens (21) and the cylindrical lens (25) and is used for filtering impurity signals and improving the imaging quality; the three-dimensional translation stage (23) is used for enabling the sample to move along the X direction, the Y direction and the Z direction so as to realize three-dimensional scanning imaging, and the surface of the three-dimensional translation stage is perpendicular to the optical axis of the objective lens;
a uniaxial galvanometer (26), a scanning lens (27), a scanning cylindrical mirror (28) and a fourth reflecting mirror (29) which are sequentially arranged along the optical path direction are arranged between the dichroic mirror (20) and the objective lens (21);
the single-axis galvanometer (26) is used for scanning the linear light spots to realize the imaging of the whole field of view; the scanning lens (27) and the scanning barrel mirror (28) are used for realizing optical path relay; the fourth reflector (29) is used for adjusting the direction of the light path;
the excitation optical module (1) is arranged so that two linear light spots are focused to different focal planes through the objective lens (21) and are staggered in the X direction through adjustment of the excitation optical module (1) to realize simultaneous scanning imaging of the two focal planes and ensure that two imaging light beams can be completely separated; or the excitation optical module (1) is arranged so that two linear light spots are focused by the objective lens (21) to imaging positions which have the same Y-direction position and the same X-direction distance from a view field by half in the same focal plane through the adjustment of the excitation optical module (1), and the single-axis galvanometer (26) is used for scanning to realize double-line simultaneous scanning imaging of the single objective lens view field and the same focal plane;
wherein the detection module (3) comprises: a right-angle prism (30), a first line-array camera (31), and a second line-array camera (32); two right-angle surfaces of the right-angle prism (30) are respectively plated with a reflecting film for separating two imaging light beams and enabling the separated imaging light beams to be respectively detected by the first linear array camera (31) and the second linear array camera (32); the detection surfaces of the first linear-array camera (31) and the second linear-array camera (32) are both located on the image surface of the scanning imaging module (2), and the detection surfaces of the first linear-array camera (31) and the second linear-array camera (32) are respectively used as slits of line confocal to filter out non-focal-plane signals and improve image contrast.
2. The multiscan and scout confocal line imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the excitation light module (1) comprises: a polarization beam splitter prism (17), a cylindrical lens (18) and two beam structures; the two light beam structures are used for providing two laser beams, and the inclination angle and the divergence angle of each laser beam can be adjusted; the polarization beam splitter prism (17) is used for transmitting or reflecting the laser beams according to the polarization direction of the laser beams, so that the transmission directions of the two laser beams are the same; the cylindrical lens (18) is used for shaping two laser beams with the same propagation direction into two mutually separated line spots.
3. The line confocal imaging apparatus for multi-scan and detection according to claim 2, wherein the beam structure comprises a laser (10), a beam expanding unit, a tilt angle adjusting unit and a half-wave plate, which are arranged in sequence along the optical path direction;
the beam expanding unit is used for expanding the laser beam generated by the laser (10) and adjusting the divergence angle of the laser beam, so that the position of a line spot in the Z direction after being focused is adjusted; the inclination angle adjusting unit is used for adjusting the inclination angle of the laser beam so as to adjust the position of the line light spot in the X direction after being focused; the half-wave plate (16) is used for changing the polarization direction of the laser beams, so that the propagation directions of the two laser beams after passing through the polarization beam splitting prism (17) are the same.
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| CN111122568B (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2022-04-22 | 华中科技大学苏州脑空间信息研究院 | High-flux optical tomography method and imaging system |
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| CN114217055A (en) * | 2021-12-02 | 2022-03-22 | 极瞳生命科技(苏州)有限公司 | Portable fluorescence scanning detection device and method |
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