CN108509667A - Air conditioning for automobiles calculation of Heat Load matching process and device - Google Patents
Air conditioning for automobiles calculation of Heat Load matching process and device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of air conditioning for automobiles calculation of Heat Load matching process and devices, and this approach includes the following steps：Set vehicle cooling index, wherein vehicle cooling index includes target operating condition and corresponding cooling demand；Entire vehicle design duty parameter is determined according to target operating condition；Determine the corresponding multiple thermic load components of entire vehicle design duty parameter；The vehicle target heat load for corresponding to vehicle cooling index is obtained according to multiple thermic load components.The method of the present invention is suitable for different size of automobile calculation of Heat Load, the vehicle target heat load close to actual heating load can be obtained, provides rational theoretical foundation for later stage parts type selecting, while reducing operand, operation cost is saved, computational efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to automobile technical field, more particularly to a kind of air conditioning for automobiles calculation of Heat Load matching process and device.
Background technology
When vehicle matches, the first step first has to carry out automobile calculation of Heat Load according to gross data automotive air-conditioning system,
The air-conditioning system parts matching of next step can be just carried out after calculating automobile thermic load and is designed, to meet vehicle cooling
Requirement, bring required comfort level for client, meet the requirement of client, this is the weight of automobile research and air-conditioning system exploitation
Want link.
When current air conditioning for automobiles calculation of Heat Load, have the shortcomings that following：1, big with vehicle space based on experience value
It is small, estimated, show that the thermic load of empirical value carries out matching primitives, actual heating load differed with heat load calculation compared with
Greatly；2, different in the thermic load of each operating mode due to vehicle, when existing calculation of Heat Load, only common operating mode is counted
It calculates, calculating that do not carry out having target and purposeful, it is more and offer ginseng can not be carried out to late design to lead to calculate operating mode
It examines；3, in calculating process, usually ignore the factor for generating thermic load, therefore the thermic load and reality calculated in the calculation
Thermic load difference is larger, can not effectively instruct the matching and design of the parts performance in later stage.
Invention content
In view of this, the present invention is directed to propose a kind of air conditioning for automobiles calculation of Heat Load matching process, this method are suitable for not
With the automobile calculation of Heat Load of size, the vehicle target heat load close to actual heating load can be obtained, is selected for later stage parts
Type provides rational theoretical foundation, while reducing operand, saves operation cost, improves computational efficiency.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical proposal of the invention is realized in this way：
A kind of air conditioning for automobiles calculation of Heat Load matching process, includes the following steps：Set vehicle cooling index, wherein institute
It includes target operating condition and corresponding cooling demand to state vehicle cooling index；Determine that entire vehicle design operating mode is joined according to the target operating condition
Number；Determine the corresponding multiple thermic load components of the entire vehicle design duty parameter；Corresponded to according to multiple thermic load components
The vehicle target heat load of the vehicle cooling index.
Further, further include：The vehicle target heat load is carried out according to preset target heat load correction factor
It corrects.
Further, the target operating condition includes at least：Vehicle idling, speed are 40,000 ms/h and speed is 100,000
M/h；The corresponding cooling demand includes at least：When vehicle idling, the driver's cabin member head in the first preset time
Foot mean temperature is less than or equal to the first preset temperature；When speed is 40,000 ms/h, the driver's cabin in the second preset time
Member's head foot mean temperature is less than or equal to the second preset temperature, and the average temperature of driver's cabin member head foot in third preset time
Degree is less than or equal to first preset temperature, and driver's cabin member head foot mean temperature is less than in first preset time
Or it is equal to third preset temperature；When speed is 100,000 ms/h, the driver's cabin member head foot in first preset time
Mean temperature is less than or equal to the 4th preset temperature.
Further, the corresponding multiple thermic load components of the entire vehicle design duty parameter include at least：The incoming heat of car body
Amount, glass are passed to heat, fresh air heat, human heat, interior electrical equipment heat dissipation capacity and interior part heat dissipation capacity.
Further, the vehicle target heat load is the sum of the multiple thermic load component.
Compared with the existing technology, air conditioning for automobiles calculation of Heat Load matching process of the present invention has the advantage that：
It is negative to be suitable for different size of automobile heat for air conditioning for automobiles calculation of Heat Load matching process described in the embodiment of the present invention
Lotus calculates, using vehicle calculation of Heat Load mode that is purposeful, having target, it is contemplated that the Fundamentals of vehicle thermic load are influenced,
To obtain the vehicle target heat load close to actual heating load, effectively rational reason can be provided for later stage parts type selecting
By foundation, and then air-conditioning system quality is promoted, reduces the waste of end item development time and cost；Meanwhile this method reduces
Operand, saves operation cost, improves computational efficiency.
It is another object of the present invention to propose that a kind of air conditioning for automobiles calculation of Heat Load coalignment, the device be suitable for
Different size of automobile calculation of Heat Load can obtain the vehicle target heat load close to actual heating load, be later stage parts
Type selecting provides rational theoretical foundation, while reducing operand, saves operation cost, improves computational efficiency.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical proposal of the invention is realized in this way：
A kind of air conditioning for automobiles calculation of Heat Load coalignment, including：Setting module, for setting cooling index, wherein institute
It includes target operating condition and corresponding cooling demand to state vehicle cooling index；Parameter determination module, the parameter determination module are used for
Entire vehicle design duty parameter is determined according to the target operating condition；First computing module, first computing module is for calculating institute
State the corresponding multiple thermic load components of entire vehicle design duty parameter；Second computing module, second computing module are used for basis
Multiple thermic load components obtain the vehicle target heat load for corresponding to vehicle cooling index.
Further, further include：Correcting module, the correcting module are used for according to preset target heat load correction factor
The vehicle target heat load is modified.
Further, the target operating condition includes at least：Vehicle idling, speed are 40,000 ms/h and speed is 100,000
M/h；The corresponding cooling demand includes at least：When vehicle idling, the driver's cabin member head in the first preset time
Foot mean temperature is less than or equal to the first preset temperature；When speed is 40,000 ms/h, the driver's cabin in the second preset time
Member's head foot mean temperature is less than or equal to the second preset temperature, and the average temperature of driver's cabin member head foot in third preset time
Degree is less than or equal to first preset temperature, and driver's cabin member head foot mean temperature is less than in first preset time
Or it is equal to third preset temperature；When speed is 100,000 ms/h, the driver's cabin member head foot in first preset time
Mean temperature is less than or equal to the 4th preset temperature.
Further, the corresponding multiple thermic load components of the entire vehicle design duty parameter include at least：The incoming heat of car body
Amount, glass are passed to heat, fresh air heat, human heat, interior electrical equipment heat dissipation capacity and interior part heat dissipation capacity.
Further, the vehicle target heat load is the sum of the multiple thermic load component.
The air conditioning for automobiles calculation of Heat Load coalignment and above-mentioned air conditioning for automobiles calculation of Heat Load matching process phase
Identical for advantage possessed by the prior art, details are not described herein.
Description of the drawings
The attached drawing for constituting the part of the present invention is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, schematic reality of the invention
Example and its explanation are applied for explaining the present invention, is not constituted improper limitations of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the air conditioning for automobiles calculation of Heat Load matching process described in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the detailed process signal of the air conditioning for automobiles calculation of Heat Load matching process described in one embodiment of the invention
Figure；And
Fig. 3 is the vehicle cooling index schematic diagram of one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 4 is the goal decomposition thermic load schematic diagram of one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 5 is the result schematic diagram of the obtained vehicle target heat load of one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 6 is the structure diagram of the air conditioning for automobiles calculation of Heat Load coalignment described in the embodiment of the present invention.
Reference sign：
Air conditioning for automobiles calculation of Heat Load coalignment 100, setting module 110, parameter determination module 120, first calculate mould
Block 130 and the second computing module 140.
Specific implementation mode
It should be noted that in the absence of conflict, the feature in embodiment and embodiment in the present invention can phase
Mutually combination.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of air conditioning for automobiles calculation of Heat Load matching process according to an embodiment of the invention.Fig. 2 is root
According to the detailed process schematic diagram of the air conditioning for automobiles calculation of Heat Load matching process of another embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, and combining Fig. 2, the air conditioning for automobiles calculation of Heat Load matching process of the embodiment of the present invention, including following
Step：.
Step S1：Set vehicle cooling index, wherein vehicle cooling index, which includes target operating condition and corresponding cooling, to be needed
It asks.
Specifically, during automobile research, start to design and develop air-conditioning system after vehicle cooling index determines.If
It is to avoid blindly calculating and common condition calculating in order to realize purposive calculation of Heat Load, cause to determine vehicle cooling index
Calculating operating mode is more, some unnecessary work are done for the vehicle cooling index in later stage.In specific implementation process, foundation can be passed through
Table carries out the determination of vehicle cooling index, such as shown in Fig. 3.
Wherein, as shown in figure 3, target operating condition includes at least：Vehicle idling, speed are 40,000 ms/h and speed is 100
Thousand ms/h.Correspondingly, corresponding cooling demand includes at least：When vehicle idling, in the first preset time (such as 40
Minute) when driver's cabin member head foot mean temperature be less than or equal to the first preset temperature (such as 29 DEG C)；When speed is 40 kms/small
Constantly, at the second preset time (such as 10 minutes), driver's cabin member head foot mean temperature is less than or equal to the second preset temperature
(such as 32 DEG C), and driver's cabin member head foot mean temperature is default less than or equal to first at third preset time (such as 20 minutes)
Temperature (such as 29 DEG C), and driver's cabin member head foot mean temperature is less than or equal to third at the first preset time (such as 40 minutes)
Preset temperature (such as 27 DEG C)；When speed is 100,000 ms/h, the driver's cabin member at the first preset time (such as 40 minutes)
Head foot mean temperature is less than or equal to the 4th preset temperature (such as 24 DEG C).
That is, in vehicle idling, corresponding cooling demand is in 40min, and the head foot of the member of driver's cabin is flat
Equal temperature is less than or is equal to 29 DEG C；Speed be 40km/h when, corresponding cooling demand be in 10min, driver's cabin at
The head foot mean temperature of member is less than or is equal to 32 DEG C, and in 20min, the head foot mean temperature of the member of driver's cabin is less than
Or it is equal to 29 DEG C, and in 40min, the head foot mean temperature of the member of driver's cabin is less than or is equal to 27 DEG C；It is in speed
When 100km/h, corresponding cooling demand is in 40min, and the head foot mean temperature of the member of driver's cabin is less than or is equal to 24
℃。
It should be noted that target operating condition is not limited to the above description and three kinds of situations shown in Fig. 3, it can basis
Actual demand is adjusted.Further, after determining target operating condition, according to target operating condition, goal decomposition thermic load is carried out.
Such as operating mode according to Fig.3, calculates separately out idling, 40km/ after determining target position idling, 40km/h, 100km/h
H, corresponding vehicle thermic load under the operating mode of 100km/h, specific signal are as shown in Figure 4.
Step S2：Entire vehicle design duty parameter is determined according to target operating condition.
In one embodiment of the invention, whole-vehicle design parameters for example, at least include：Vehicle interior temperature, vehicle outer temperature, vehicle
Interior number of members, interior fresh air volume, intensity of solar radiation and speed, these entire vehicle design duty parameters are to influence vehicle thermic load meter
The important references parameter of calculation, the thermic load matching primitives after being used for.
In specific example, for example, the outer temperature of vehicle is tH=38 DEG C, relative humidity isVehicle interior temperature is tB=24
DEG C, relative humidity isInterior number of members is N=5 people；The single fresh air volume needed is V=11m3/ h, then interior fresh air
Amount：V=N × V1=5 × 11=55m3/h；Intensity of solar radiation is tHAt=38 DEG C, intensity of solar radiation I=on horizontal plane
1000W/m2；Speed (i.e. target operating condition) includes at least：Idling, v=40km/h, v=100km/h.
It should be noted that the value of entire vehicle design duty parameter described above is merely exemplary description, this hair
Bright embodiment is not limited to that, transformation can be adjusted according to actual demand, for example, the temperature needed according to user
It is adjusted.
Step S3：Determine the corresponding multiple thermic load components of entire vehicle design duty parameter.
Wherein, the corresponding multiple thermic load components of entire vehicle design duty parameter include at least：Car body is passed to heat, glass passes
Enter heat, fresh air heat, human heat, interior electrical equipment heat dissipation capacity and interior part heat dissipation capacity.
Step S4：The vehicle target heat load for corresponding to vehicle cooling index is obtained according to multiple thermic load components.Specifically
Ground, vehicle target heat load are the sum of multiple thermic load components.
Specifically, since temperature is higher than car outside vehicle, in addition the effect of solar radiation, has amount of heat that can pass through vehicle body
The incoming car such as wall surface, vehicle window.Meanwhile the sweat heat of occupant and it is damp and hot can also vehicle interior temperature be made to increase, therefore, it is negative to influence interior heat
There are many factor of lotus.Comprehensive various factors, the equation of body heat balance are expressed as follows：
Q=QB+QG+QV+QP+QM+QL,
Wherein, Q is vehicle target heat load, QBIt is passed to heat, Q for car bodyGIt is passed to heat, Q for glassVFor fresh air heat,
QPFor human heat, QMFor interior electrical equipment heat dissipation capacity, QLFor interior part heat dissipation capacity.
First, it calculates car body and is passed to heat：
QB=QTop plate+QSide wall surface+QFloor+QFront wall+QBack wall。
Specifically, car body wall surface belongs to uniform wall surface more, and therefore, its heat transfer can be according to the uniform wall surface Calculation of Heat Transfer of multilayer
Simultaneously it is also contemplated that the factor of solar radiation factor and heat radiation, that is, conduct, radiate, three kinds of heat exchange patterns of convection current, therefore point
Then three various heat Calculations are added.
Wherein, 1) as follows according to conduction factor calculating top plate, side wall surface, floor, the calculation formula of back wall heat output：
Qi=KiFi(tH-tB),
Wherein, QiIndicate top plate, side wall surface, floor, front wall, back wall heat output；KiIndicate top plate, side wall surface, floor,
The heat transfer coefficient of front wall, back wall；FiIndicate top plate, side wall surface, floor, front wall, back wall biography area；tHThe outer air themperature of vehicle, this
Place is taken as tH=38 DEG C；tBIn-vehicle air temperature, is taken as t hereinB=24 DEG C.
Wherein, FiIt only needs to measure real vehicle area, it is most important that the wherein calculating of Ki heat transfer coefficients, wherein conducting heat
COEFFICIENT K i is related with vehicle body inner and outer surfaces exothermic coefficient and thermal insulation layer thermal resistance, so heat transfer coefficient is equal to：
Wherein, αHIt is related with surface relative air speed for outer surface exothermic coefficient, Under different operating modes, αHValue it is different, such as：
When speed is v=idling, αH≈130kJ/(m2·h·℃)；
When speed is v=40km/h, αH≈146kJ/(m2·h·℃)；
When speed is v=100km/h, αH≈228kJ/(m2·h·℃)。
αBFor inner surface exothermic coefficient α is can use in air conditioning for automobiles stateB≈60kJ/(m2·h·℃)。
δ is heat-barrier material thickness (m)；λ is heat-barrier material thermal coefficient W/ (m DEG C).
It should be noted that since the heat-barrier material thickness at each position of each automobile is different and material difference corresponds to
Thermal coefficient it is different, therefore can be calculated according to the thickness of determining material and thermal coefficient of material itself.
2) solar radiation heat is calculated：The heat that vehicle body outside surface is absorbed from solar radiation：
Q2=FK (tC-tH),
Wherein, F be indicate top plate, side wall surface, floor, front wall, back wall biography area；KiFor indicate top plate, side wall surface,
The heat transfer coefficient of plate, front wall, back wall.
Since solar radiation makes vehicle body outside surface temperature increase, intensity of solar radiation is converted to comparable form, with vehicle
Together, composition shines upon the integrated temperature on surface, i.e. t to outer temperature superpositionC。
In formula, ρ is vehicle body outside surface absorption coefficient, related with surface color, roughness, takes ρ=0.9 herein；
I is the total radiation intensity of the sun, I=Id+Is, IIt is horizontal=3600kJ/ (m2H), ISun=974kJ/ (m2H), IIt is cloudy
=253kJ/ (m2·h)；Wherein, IdFor beam radia intensity, IsFor solar scattered radiation intensity.
For roof, vehicle side wall surface (including back wall), since the angle that the sun is injected is different, intensity of solar radiation is different
's.It is specific as follows：
Wherein, ITop=IIt is horizontal；
Wherein, ISide=(ISun+IIt is cloudy)/2。
It for floor, is not influenced by solar radiation, but is influenced by ground return heat and engine thermal, made
It is higher than atmospheric temperature to obtain floor hull-skin temperature.
Therefore, it can use：tC=tH+2.5℃；
It calculates：tC is pushed up=58.8 DEG C, tThe sides C=41.4 DEG C, tC=40.5 DEG C.
Therefore deduce that the heat of the solar radiation of Q2.
3) heat of Numerical heat transfer：
Front wall is not acted on by solar radiation, is only considered the influence of different transfer of heat, is passed by this part according to formula
The heat entered is：
QBefore=FBeforeKBefore(tF1-tB),
In formula：tF1For the air themperature of engine room, t is takenF1=85 DEG C.
To sum up, car body can be calculated and be passed to heat QB(in idling, 40km/h, 100km/h)=Qi(idling, 40km/h,
100km/h)+Q2(idling, 40km/h, 100km/h)+QBefore, you can the car body obtained under each operating mode is passed to heat QB。
Further, it when calculating glass is passed to heat, needs to consider convection current and radiates two partial heats, because of engine
Front wall is delivered heat to, and glass is not in front wall, it is possible to without calculating.
In view of solar radiation, the heat being passed to by door glass consists of two parts：
QG=QG1+QG2,
Wherein, (a) due to vehicle internal-external temperature difference incoming heat QG1：
QG1=FGlassKGlass(tH-tB),
(b) since solar radiation passes through the incoming heat Q of glassG2：
Wherein, U=FGlass′I+(FGlass-FGlass′)IS。
In formula：η is penetrate coefficient of the solar radiation by glass, η=0.84；ρ is glass to solar radiation heat absorption system
Number, ρ=0.08；S is sunshade correction factor, takes S=0.97；I is vehicle window outer surface intensity of solar radiation, is taken as I=974kJ/
(m2·h)；ISFor vehicle window outer surface solar scattered radiation intensity, I is takenS=167kJ/ (m2·h)；U is the solar radiation of vehicle window
Amount；FGlassFor the vehicle window gross area, FGlass=3.09m2；FGlass' it is sunny side vehicle window area, FGlass'=FGlass/ 2=1.55m2；KGlassFor the biography of glass
Hot coefficient, takes KGlass=23kJ/ (m2·h·℃)；αHIt is related with surface relative air speed for outer surface exothermic coefficient.Idling
When, αH≈130kJ/(m2·h·℃)；When speed is v=40km/h, α can useH≈146kJ/(m2·h·℃)；Work as speed
For v=100km/h when, αH≈228kJ/(m2·h·℃)；αBFor inner surface exothermic coefficient.In air conditioning for automobiles state, α can useB
≈60kJ/(m2·h·℃)。
Further, fresh air heat QVCalculating formula be：
QV=V ρ (hH-hB),
In formula：ρ is atmospheric density, works as tHAt=38 DEG C, ρ=1.135kg/m3；V is interior fresh air volume, V=N × V1=5
× 11=55m3/h；hH、hBThe enthalpy of interior, outer air respectively, tH=38 DEG C, relative humidityhH=106kJ/kgDA；
tB=24 DEG C, relative humidityhB=55.5kJ/kgDA.
Further, human heat is calculated.The heat that human body distributes and labor intensity, ambient air temperature, gender, year
The several factors such as age, clothing are related.Generally pressing everyone, calorific value 418kJ is calculated per hour, i.e., human heat is：
QP=418 × N,
Wherein, N is interior occupant's number, is calculated herein according to 5 people.
Further, interior electrical equipment heat dissipation capacity is calculated.Specifically, in an embodiment of the present invention, it is main to calculate
The heat dissipation capacity of the electrical equipments such as air blower and stereo set.In view of the efficiency of these equipment, finally acquiring the partial heat is
QM.It should be noted that interior electrical equipment can be chosen according to actual demand.
Further, interior part heat dissipation capacity can calculate according to the following formula：
QL=αBiFBi(tBi-tB),
Wherein, αBiFor interior part pyroconductivity；FBiFor interior parts list area；tBiFor interior piece surface temperature, take
For tBi=30 DEG C；tBFor in-vehicle air temperature, tB=24 DEG C.
It should be noted that since interior parts list area is not easy to acquire, the α that can be measured with experimentBiFBiValue, according to more
Secondary test data measures αBiFBiClose to 376.2kJ/ (h DEG C), this value is empirical data, can be that design matching later is made
For reference.
In turn, vehicle target heat load is can be obtained according to multiple thermic load components obtained above, i.e.,：
Q=QB+QG+QV+QP+QM+QL。
Further, in one embodiment of the invention, this method further includes：According to preset target heat load amendment
Coefficient is modified vehicle target heat load.Specifically, with the lengthening of new car use age, bodywork surface bright degree
Lowering, surface roughness increase, dust dirt adhesion amount increases, and vehicle body outside surface increases the absorption coefficient of solar radiation quantity,
Then vehicle body caloric receptivity is consequently increased.In addition, after new car is used for a long time, meeting dust stratification in condenser outer surface in air-conditioning system so that
Its exchange capability of heat declines.Accordingly, it is considered to which the influence of factors, is calculating the total thermic load of vehicle body (i.e. vehicle target heat
Load) on the basis of, it is multiplied by reserve factor α1(i.e. preset target heat load correction factor) is corrected, specifically, α1Take
Value ranging from 1.1~1.3.
In a particular embodiment, in the case where obtaining each target operating condition after corresponding vehicle target heat load, such as can pass through
The mode of table is shown, as shown in figure 5, corresponding vehicle target heat load under each target operating condition is respectively shown, and root
According to the vehicle target heat load, you can meet corresponding cooling demand under the operating mode, to be effectively later stage parts design
Theoretical foundation is provided.
To sum up, air-conditioning calculation of Heat Load matching process according to the ... of the embodiment of the present invention is suitable for different size of automobile heat
Carry calculation, using vehicle calculation of Heat Load mode that is purposeful, having target, it is contemplated that influence vehicle thermic load it is basic because
Element can be provided effectively rationally for later stage parts type selecting to obtain the vehicle target heat load close to actual heating load
Theoretical foundation, and then promoted air-conditioning system quality, reduce end item development time and cost waste；Meanwhile this method
Operand is reduced, operation cost is saved, improves computational efficiency.
Further embodiment of the present invention proposes a kind of air conditioning for automobiles calculation of Heat Load coalignment.
Fig. 6 is the structure diagram of air conditioning for automobiles calculation of Heat Load coalignment according to an embodiment of the invention.Such as Fig. 6
It is shown, air conditioning for automobiles calculation of Heat Load coalignment 100 according to an embodiment of the invention, including setting module 110, parameter
Determining module 120, the first computing module 130 and the second computing module 140.
Wherein, setting module 110 is for setting cooling index, wherein vehicle cooling index includes target operating condition and correspondence
Cooling demand.
Specifically, during automobile research, start to design and develop air-conditioning system after vehicle cooling index determines.If
It is to avoid blindly calculating and common condition calculating in order to realize purposive calculation of Heat Load, cause to determine vehicle cooling index
Calculating operating mode is more, some unnecessary work are done for the vehicle cooling index in later stage.
Wherein, target operating condition includes at least：Vehicle idling, speed are 40,000 ms/h and speed is 100,000 ms/h.
Correspondingly, corresponding cooling demand includes at least：When vehicle idling, driven at the first preset time (such as 40 minutes)
Room member head foot mean temperature is less than or equal to the first preset temperature (such as 29 DEG C)；When speed is 40,000 ms/h, second
When preset time (such as 10 minutes) driver's cabin member head foot mean temperature be less than or equal to the second preset temperature (such as 32 DEG C), and
Driver's cabin member head foot mean temperature is less than or equal to the first preset temperature (such as 29 DEG C) when third preset time (such as 20 minutes),
And driver's cabin member head foot mean temperature is less than or equal to third preset temperature (such as 27 at the first preset time (such as 40 minutes)
℃)；When speed is 100,000 ms/h, at the first preset time (such as 40 minutes), driver's cabin member head foot mean temperature is small
In or equal to the 4th preset temperature (such as 24 DEG C).
That is, in vehicle idling, corresponding cooling demand is in 40min, and the head foot of the member of driver's cabin is flat
Equal temperature is less than or is equal to 29 DEG C；Speed be 40km/h when, corresponding cooling demand be in 10min, driver's cabin at
The head foot mean temperature of member is less than or is equal to 32 DEG C, and in 20min, the head foot mean temperature of the member of driver's cabin is less than
Or it is equal to 29 DEG C, and in 40min, the head foot mean temperature of the member of driver's cabin is less than or is equal to 27 DEG C；It is in speed
When 100km/h, corresponding cooling demand is in 40min, and the head foot mean temperature of the member of driver's cabin is less than or is equal to 24
℃。
It should be noted that target operating condition is not limited to three kinds of situations of the above description, it can be according to actual demand
It is adjusted.Further, after determining target operating condition, according to target operating condition, goal decomposition thermic load is carried out.For example, working as
After determining target position idling, 40km/h, 100km/h, calculate separately out corresponding under idling, the operating mode of 40km/h, 100km/h
Vehicle thermic load.
Parameter determination module 120 is used to determine entire vehicle design duty parameter according to target operating condition.
In one embodiment of the invention, whole-vehicle design parameters for example, at least include：Vehicle interior temperature, vehicle outer temperature, vehicle
Interior number of members, interior fresh air volume, intensity of solar radiation and speed, these entire vehicle design duty parameters are to influence vehicle thermic load meter
The important references parameter of calculation, the thermic load matching primitives after being used for.
In specific example, for example, the outer temperature of vehicle is tH=38 DEG C, relative humidity isVehicle interior temperature is tB=24
DEG C, relative humidity isInterior number of members is N=5 people；The single fresh air volume needed is V=11m3/ h, then interior fresh air
Amount：V=N × V1=5 × 11=55m3/h；Intensity of solar radiation is tHAt=38 DEG C, intensity of solar radiation I=on horizontal plane
1000W/m2；Speed (i.e. target operating condition) includes at least：Idling, v=40km/h, v=100km/h.
It should be noted that the value of entire vehicle design duty parameter described above is merely exemplary description, this hair
Bright embodiment is not limited to that, transformation can be adjusted according to actual demand, for example, the temperature needed according to user
It is adjusted.
First computing module 130 is for calculating the corresponding multiple thermic load components of entire vehicle design duty parameter.
Wherein, the corresponding multiple thermic load components of entire vehicle design duty parameter include at least：Car body is passed to heat, glass passes
Enter heat, fresh air heat, human heat, interior electrical equipment heat dissipation capacity and interior part heat dissipation capacity.
Second computing module 140 is used to obtain the vehicle target for corresponding to vehicle cooling index according to multiple thermic load components
Thermic load.Specifically, vehicle target heat load is the sum of multiple thermic load components.
Specifically, since temperature is higher than car outside vehicle, in addition the effect of solar radiation, has amount of heat that can pass through vehicle body
The incoming car such as wall surface, vehicle window.Meanwhile the sweat heat of occupant and it is damp and hot can also vehicle interior temperature be made to increase, therefore, it is negative to influence interior heat
There are many factor of lotus.Comprehensive various factors, the equation of body heat balance are expressed as follows：
Q=QB+QG+QV+QP+QM+QL,
Wherein, Q is vehicle target heat load, QBIt is passed to heat, Q for car bodyGIt is passed to heat, Q for glassVFor fresh air heat,
QPFor human heat, QMFor interior electrical equipment heat dissipation capacity, QLFor interior part heat dissipation capacity.
First, it calculates car body and is passed to heat：
QB=QTop plate+QSide wall surface+QFloor+QFront wall+QBack wall。
Specifically, car body wall surface belongs to uniform wall surface more, and therefore, its heat transfer can be according to the uniform wall surface Calculation of Heat Transfer of multilayer
Simultaneously it is also contemplated that the factor of solar radiation factor and heat radiation, that is, conduct, radiate, three kinds of heat exchange patterns of convection current, therefore point
Then three various heat Calculations are added.
Wherein, 1) as follows according to conduction factor calculating top plate, side wall surface, floor, the calculation formula of back wall heat output：
Qi=KiFi(tH-tB),
Wherein, QiIndicate top plate, side wall surface, floor, front wall, back wall heat output；KiIndicate top plate, side wall surface, floor,
The heat transfer coefficient of front wall, back wall；FiIndicate top plate, side wall surface, floor, front wall, back wall biography area；tHThe outer air themperature of vehicle, this
Place is taken as tH=38 DEG C；tBIn-vehicle air temperature, is taken as t hereinB=24 DEG C.
Wherein, FiIt only needs to measure real vehicle area, it is most important that the wherein calculating of Ki heat transfer coefficients, wherein conducting heat
COEFFICIENT K i is related with vehicle body inner and outer surfaces exothermic coefficient and thermal insulation layer thermal resistance, so heat transfer coefficient is equal to：
Wherein, αHIt is related with surface relative air speed for outer surface exothermic coefficient, Under different operating modes, αHValue it is different, such as：
When speed is v=idling, αH≈130kJ/(m2·h·℃)；
When speed is v=40km/h, αH≈146kJ/(m2·h·℃)；
When speed is v=100km/h, αH≈228kJ/(m2·h·℃)。
αBFor inner surface exothermic coefficient α is can use in air conditioning for automobiles stateB≈60kJ/(m2·h·℃)。
δ is heat-barrier material thickness (m)；λ is heat-barrier material thermal coefficient W/ (m DEG C).
It should be noted that since the heat-barrier material thickness at each position of each automobile is different and material difference corresponds to
Thermal coefficient it is different, therefore can be calculated according to the thickness of determining material and thermal coefficient of material itself.
2) solar radiation heat is calculated：The heat that vehicle body outside surface is absorbed from solar radiation：
Q2=FK (tC-tH),
Wherein, F be indicate top plate, side wall surface, floor, front wall, back wall biography area；KiFor indicate top plate, side wall surface,
The heat transfer coefficient of plate, front wall, back wall.
Since solar radiation makes vehicle body outside surface temperature increase, intensity of solar radiation is converted to comparable form, with vehicle
Together, composition shines upon the integrated temperature on surface, i.e. t to outer temperature superpositionC。
In formula, ρ is vehicle body outside surface absorption coefficient, related with surface color, roughness, takes ρ=0.9 herein；
I is the total radiation intensity of the sun, I=Id+Is, IIt is horizontal=3600kJ/ (m2H), ISun=974kJ/ (m2H), IIt is cloudy
=253kJ/ (m2·h)；Wherein, IdFor beam radia intensity, IsFor solar scattered radiation intensity.
For roof, vehicle side wall surface (including back wall), since the angle that the sun is injected is different, intensity of solar radiation is different
's.It is specific as follows：
Wherein, ITop=IIt is horizontal；
Wherein, ISide=(ISun+IIt is cloudy)/2。
It for floor, is not influenced by solar radiation, but is influenced by ground return heat and engine thermal, made
It is higher than atmospheric temperature to obtain floor hull-skin temperature.
Therefore, it can use：tC=tH+2.5℃；
It calculates：tC is pushed up=58.8 DEG C, tThe sides C=41.4 DEG C, tC=40.5 DEG C.
Therefore deduce that the heat of the solar radiation of Q2.
3) heat of Numerical heat transfer：
Front wall is not acted on by solar radiation, is only considered the influence of different transfer of heat, is passed by this part according to formula
The heat entered is：
QBefore=FBeforeKBefore(tF1-tB),
In formula：tF1For the air themperature of engine room, t is takenF1=85 DEG C.
To sum up, car body can be calculated and be passed to heat QB(in idling, 40km/h, 100km/h)=Qi(idling, 40km/h,
100km/h)+Q2(idling, 40km/h, 100km/h)+QBefore, you can the car body obtained under each operating mode is passed to heat QB。
Further, it when calculating glass is passed to heat, needs to consider convection current and radiates two partial heats, because of engine
Front wall is delivered heat to, and glass is not in front wall, it is possible to without calculating.
In view of solar radiation, the heat being passed to by door glass consists of two parts：
QG=QG1+QG2,
Wherein, (a) due to vehicle internal-external temperature difference incoming heat QG1：
QG1=FGlassKGlass(tH-tB),
(b) since solar radiation passes through the incoming heat Q of glassG2：
Wherein, U=FGlass′I+(FGlass-FGlass′)IS。
In formula：η is penetrate coefficient of the solar radiation by glass, η=0.84；ρ is glass to solar radiation heat absorption system
Number, ρ=0.08；S is sunshade correction factor, takes S=0.97；I is vehicle window outer surface intensity of solar radiation, is taken as I=974kJ/
(m2·h)；ISFor vehicle window outer surface solar scattered radiation intensity, I is takenS=167kJ/ (m2·h)；U is the solar radiation of vehicle window
Amount；FGlassFor the vehicle window gross area, FGlass=3.09m2；FGlass' it is sunny side vehicle window area, FGlass'=FGlass/ 2=1.55m2；KGlassFor the biography of glass
Hot coefficient, takes KGlass=23kJ/ (m2·h·℃)；αHIt is related with surface relative air speed for outer surface exothermic coefficient.Idling
When, αH≈130kJ/(m2·h·℃)；When speed is v=40km/h, α can useH≈146kJ/(m2·h·℃)；Work as speed
For v=100km/h when, αH≈228kJ/(m2·h·℃)；αBFor inner surface exothermic coefficient.In air conditioning for automobiles state, α can useB
≈60kJ/(m2·h·℃)。
Further, fresh air heat QVCalculating formula be：
QV=V ρ (hH-hB),
In formula：ρ is atmospheric density, works as tHAt=38 DEG C, ρ=1.135kg/m3；V is interior fresh air volume, V=N × V1=5
× 11=55m3/h；hH、hBThe enthalpy of interior, outer air respectively, tH=38 DEG C, relative humidityhH=106kJ/kgDA；
tB=24 DEG C, relative humidityhB=55.5kJ/kgDA.
Further, human heat is calculated.The heat that human body distributes and labor intensity, ambient air temperature, gender, year
The several factors such as age, clothing are related.Generally pressing everyone, calorific value 418kJ is calculated per hour, i.e., human heat is：
QP=418 × N,
Wherein, N is interior occupant's number, is calculated herein according to 5 people.
Further, interior electrical equipment heat dissipation capacity is calculated.Specifically, in an embodiment of the present invention, it is main to calculate
The heat dissipation capacity of the electrical equipments such as air blower and stereo set.In view of the efficiency of these equipment, finally acquiring the partial heat is
QM.It should be noted that interior electrical equipment can be chosen according to actual demand.
Further, interior part heat dissipation capacity can calculate according to the following formula：
QL=αBiFBi(tBi-tB),
Wherein, αBiFor interior part pyroconductivity；FBiFor interior parts list area；tBiFor interior piece surface temperature, take
For tBi=30 DEG C；tBFor in-vehicle air temperature, tB=24 DEG C.
It should be noted that since interior parts list area is not easy to acquire, the α that can be measured with experimentBiFBiValue, according to more
Secondary test data measures αBiFBiClose to 376.2kJ/ (h DEG C), this value is empirical data, can be that design matching later is made
For reference.
In turn, vehicle target heat load is can be obtained according to multiple thermic load components obtained above, i.e.,：
Q=QB+QG+QV+QP+QM+QL。
Further, in one embodiment of the invention, which further includes：Correcting module.Correcting module is used for root
Vehicle target heat load is modified according to preset target heat load correction factor.Specifically, with the new car use age
Lengthening, bodywork surface bright degree lower, surface roughness increase, dust dirt adhesion amount increase, vehicle body outside surface is to too
The absorption coefficient of positive amount of radiation increases, then vehicle body caloric receptivity is consequently increased.In addition, after new car is used for a long time, in air-conditioning system
Condenser outer surface meeting dust stratification so that its exchange capability of heat declines.Accordingly, it is considered to which the influence of factors, is calculating vehicle body
On the basis of total thermic load (i.e. vehicle target heat load), it is multiplied by reserve factor α1(i.e. preset target heat load amendment system
Number) it is corrected, specifically, α1Value range be 1.1~1.3.
In a particular embodiment, in the case where obtaining each target operating condition after corresponding vehicle target heat load, such as can pass through
The mode of table is shown, i.e., shows corresponding vehicle target heat load under each target operating condition respectively, and according to the vehicle target
Thermic load, you can meet corresponding cooling demand under the operating mode, to effectively provide theoretical foundation for later stage parts design.
It should be noted that the specific implementation of the air conditioning for automobiles calculation of Heat Load coalignment of the embodiment of the present invention with
The specific implementation of the air conditioning for automobiles calculation of Heat Load matching process of the embodiment of the present invention is similar, specifically refers to method part
Description be not repeated herein to reduce redundancy.
To sum up, air-conditioning calculation of Heat Load coalignment according to the ... of the embodiment of the present invention is suitable for different size of automobile heat
Carry calculation, using vehicle calculation of Heat Load mode that is purposeful, having target, it is contemplated that influence vehicle thermic load it is basic because
Element can be provided effectively rationally for later stage parts type selecting to obtain the vehicle target heat load close to actual heating load
Theoretical foundation, and then promoted air-conditioning system quality, reduce end item development time and cost waste；Meanwhile the device
Operand is reduced, operation cost is saved, improves computational efficiency.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
With within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention god.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of air conditioning for automobiles calculation of Heat Load matching process, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Set vehicle cooling index, wherein the vehicle cooling index includes target operating condition and corresponding cooling demand；
Entire vehicle design duty parameter is determined according to the target operating condition；
Determine the corresponding multiple thermic load components of the entire vehicle design duty parameter；
The vehicle target heat load for corresponding to vehicle cooling index is obtained according to multiple thermic load components.
2. air-conditioning calculation of Heat Load matching process according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include：
The vehicle target heat load is modified according to preset target heat load correction factor.
3. air conditioning for automobiles calculation of Heat Load matching process according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The target operating condition includes at least：Vehicle idling, speed are 40,000 ms/h and speed is 100,000 ms/h；
The corresponding cooling demand includes at least：
When vehicle idling, in the first preset time, driver's cabin member head foot mean temperature is less than or equal to the first default temperature
Degree；
When speed is 40,000 ms/h, in the second preset time, driver's cabin member head foot mean temperature is less than or equal to the
Two preset temperatures, and driver's cabin member head foot mean temperature is less than or equal to the described first default temperature in third preset time
Degree, and driver's cabin member head foot mean temperature is less than or equal to third preset temperature in first preset time；
When speed is 100,000 ms/h, in first preset time, driver's cabin member head foot mean temperature is less than or waits
In the 4th preset temperature.
4. according to claim 1-3 any one of them air conditioning for automobiles calculation of Heat Load matching process, which is characterized in that described whole
The corresponding multiple thermic load components of vehicle design conditions parameter include at least：Car body is passed to heat, glass is passed to heat, new wind-heat
Amount, human heat, interior electrical equipment heat dissipation capacity and interior part heat dissipation capacity.
5. air conditioning for automobiles calculation of Heat Load matching process according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the vehicle target heat
Load is the sum of the multiple thermic load component.
6. a kind of air conditioning for automobiles calculation of Heat Load coalignment, which is characterized in that including：
Setting module, for setting cooling index, wherein the vehicle cooling index, which includes target operating condition and corresponding cooling, to be needed
It asks；
Parameter determination module, the parameter determination module are used to determine entire vehicle design duty parameter according to the target operating condition；
First computing module, first computing module is for calculating the corresponding multiple thermic loads of the entire vehicle design duty parameter
Component；
Second computing module, second computing module are used to be obtained corresponding to vehicle cooling according to multiple thermic load components
The vehicle target heat load of index.
7. air conditioning for automobiles calculation of Heat Load coalignment according to claim 6, which is characterized in that further include：
Correcting module, the correcting module are used for according to preset target heat load correction factor to the vehicle target heat load
It is modified.
8. air conditioning for automobiles calculation of Heat Load coalignment according to claim 6, which is characterized in that
The target operating condition includes at least：Vehicle idling, speed are 40,000 ms/h and speed is 100,000 ms/h；
The corresponding cooling demand includes at least：
When vehicle idling, in the first preset time, driver's cabin member head foot mean temperature is less than or equal to the first default temperature
Degree；
When speed is 40,000 ms/h, in the second preset time, driver's cabin member head foot mean temperature is less than or equal to the
Two preset temperatures, and driver's cabin member head foot mean temperature is less than or equal to the described first default temperature in third preset time
Degree, and driver's cabin member head foot mean temperature is less than or equal to third preset temperature in first preset time；
When speed is 100,000 ms/h, in first preset time, driver's cabin member head foot mean temperature is less than or waits
In the 4th preset temperature.
9. according to claim 6-8 any one of them air conditioning for automobiles calculation of Heat Load coalignments, which is characterized in that described whole
The corresponding multiple thermic load components of vehicle design conditions parameter include at least：Car body is passed to heat, glass is passed to heat, new wind-heat
Amount, human heat, interior electrical equipment heat dissipation capacity and interior part heat dissipation capacity.
10. air conditioning for automobiles calculation of Heat Load coalignment according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the vehicle target
Thermic load is the sum of the multiple thermic load component.
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Application publication date: 20180907 |