CN108496683A - A kind of three-dimensional intercropping method of grape and hickory chick - Google Patents
A kind of three-dimensional intercropping method of grape and hickory chick Download PDFInfo
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- CN108496683A CN108496683A CN201810279028.1A CN201810279028A CN108496683A CN 108496683 A CN108496683 A CN 108496683A CN 201810279028 A CN201810279028 A CN 201810279028A CN 108496683 A CN108496683 A CN 108496683A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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Abstract
A kind of three-dimensional intercropping method of grape and hickory chick, it is 3m~4m that plantation grape, which uses horizontal rack or T-type frame, grape spacing in the rows,；Grape is colonized hickory chick using conventional cultivation management in wine-growing row both sides from each two furrow at trunk 0.3m 0.7, wide 0.8 1.2m of furrow or so, high 0.08 0.12m of furrow or so on furrow.Grape and hickory chick make between solid, hickory chick field planting is carried out after the completion of vintage in November, grape enters growth period after the completion of March next year, hickory chick harvested, and two crops do not generate mutually managerial conflict, are a kind of intercropping modes of high-yield and high-efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of stereo plantation method, the three-dimensional intercropping method of especially a kind of grape and hickory chick belongs to
Technical field of agriculture science.
Background technology
Agricultural is the foundation stone of human civilization and basis for the survival of mankind, with being continuously increased for world population, city
City's area is also expanded therewith, and the area in agricultural land is caused constantly to reduce, therefore agricultural technology is faced with needs in limited soil
The problem of further increasing crop yield in ground resource, from the point of view of current technology level, spatial planting technology is to be best able to
A kind of agricultural planting technique effectively to solve the above problems.
Solid growth refers to just a kind of planting patterns for making full use of solid space, and solid growth can also be managed in broad terms
Solution realizes high-quality, highly efficient and productive, energy-saving and environmental protection agriculture breedings at many-sided planting conditions such as time, space are made full use of
Pattern.The growth and development time of grape is generally the 3-10 months, and the growth and development time of hickory chick is March next year in November-.
Invention content
In view of the above shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides the three-dimensional intercropping methods of a kind of grape and hickory chick.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：A kind of three-dimensional intercropping method of grape and hickory chick,
It is 3m~4m to plant grape and use horizontal rack or T-type frame, grape spacing in the rows；Grape uses conventional cultivation management, in grape kind
Row both sides are planted from each two furrow at trunk 0.3m-0.7, wide 0.8-1.2m of furrow or so, high 0.08-0.12m of furrow or so, on furrow
It is colonized hickory chick.
Preferably, 1.75 meters away from ground of the horizontal rack or T-type frame.
Will grape and hickory chick carry out it is three-dimensional between make, carry out hickory chick field planting after the completion of vintage in November, March next year sheep
Grape enters growth period after the completion of tripe bacterium harvest, and two crops do not generate mutually managerial conflict, are a kind of high-yield and high-efficiencies
Intercropping mode.
Specific implementation mode
Below by technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carry out it is clear, be fully described by, it is clear that described implementation
Example is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, this field is common
The every other embodiment that technical staff is obtained without making creative work belongs to the model that the present invention protects
It encloses.
A kind of three-dimensional intercropping method of grape and hickory chick, specific operating procedure are：
1 building well
A line grape is planted among the greenhouse of 6m wide, using horizontal rack or T-type frame, frame identity distance ground 1.75m, Portugal
Grape spacing in the rows is 3m~4m；Grape uses conventional cultivation management, wine-growing row both sides each two from trunk 0.5m or so
Furrow, wide 1m of furrow or so, high 0.1m of furrow or so are colonized hickory chick on furrow.
2 vinegrowing and management
2.1 new talents are colonized：
Every year before and after Treeplanting Day, in the greenhouse after prepartion of land, by grape seedlings field planting in planting pit, field planting
After water, swim, seeding row spacing is 3 × 6m, and mu plants 37 plants.
2.2 soil fertilizer and water management：
Newly-built greenhouse ploughs deeply soil 50-60cm, by 500kg oil cakes, 2t muck and 30-50cm soil layer mixings per acre, per acre
1t bacteria residues, 150kg husks, rotary tillage 20cm；
The grape seedlings of current year field planting in 5, height of seedling 50-60cm in June, by 5kg/ mu of urea, monthly apply once by drop；For the year
The grape seedlings of field planting are paved with frame face in 7, August part, when growing way is vigorous, by 5kg/ mus of potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer monthly drop apply it is primary；
After bearing fruit at the end of April for the grape of perennial plant, fruit-promoting fertilizer is applied by 25kg/ mus of drops of potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer, and
800-1000 times of liquid calcium fertilizer (calcium chloride) of foliage-spray prevents dehiscent fruit to thicken pericarp；Before colouring at the end of May, by potash fertilizer 25kg/
Mu drop applies annesl fertilizer；After fruit picking is complete at the end of September, applied by 15kg/ mus of drops of potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer, while the foliage-spray basic element of cell division
Class medicament with control slightly with promote bud differentiation, and foliage-spray leaf-protecting agent protect blade；
In the grape leaf fall period in October, in each two furrow of Planting Row Distance trunk 0.5m or so, in grape winter basal dressing
It is ready simultaneously for field planting hickory chick, oil cake 250kg, turf 250kg, clay fertilizer mixing are simultaneously permeable in swimming in ditch per acre；
When carrying out that dispenser prevents grape pest and disease damage outside root, the grape seedlings of current year field planting July branches and tendrils climb in face of shelfful or
The grape of perennial plant is mixed into the urea of 0.1%-0.2% in liquid before flowering, and the grape seedlings of current year field planting are after July
Or the grape of perennial plant is mixed into the potassium dihydrogen phosphate progress foliage top dressing of 0.1%-0.2% in Post flowering in liquid.
The 2.3 tree-like and female climing management of result：
Tree-like is H-shaped or "-" type, and when the high about 1.5m of trunk, using big " Y " posture, two-arm is unfolded at 120 degree angles, completion
Grape trellis, which is looked unfamiliar, produces the setting of band, fruiting band, ventilation strip；
A week after the lunar calendar " the Beginning of Winter " is trimmed, the trim mode combined using the length tip, according to tree vigo(u)r and
Frame face selects and remain the appropriate prosperous tip and carries out long cane pruning, stays 7 bud sections, and the result mother as second year is climing, selects and remain the appropriate weak tip and carries out
1-2 bud section is stayed in short cane pruning, and the branch of second year pumping is climing as nutrition, and the result mother that can be used as third year is climing；
The branches and tendrils selected and remain should be close proximity to trunk, while the weak tip selected and remain should be as possible behind the prosperous tip to avoid setting fruit position
Outer shifting；
It is calculated by per mu yield 1000kg, 37 plants of mu cultivation, a string of fruit 0.7kg, a fringe；To ensure that fruit has enough nutrition
Supply improves fruit quality, by fruiting vine and nutrition climing 4:1 configuration nutrition is climing, can suitably adjust fruiting vine according to tree vigo(u)r and frame face
The climing quantity with nutrition；
Post flowering is i.e. to fruiting vine pinching, and a fringe, climing spacing is 20cm.
The management of 2.4 grape ears：
When 7-10 centimeters of flower spike, fringe is drawn using a concentration of 0.15% gibberellin, fringe stalk, fringe are uniformly applied to writing brush
Axis increases fringe stalk, cob, and carries out flower spike shaping, retains 1/3 fringe point, remaining excision, it is therefore an objective to keep fruit ear neatly full；It falls
Water of bearing fruit is soaked when fruit 20%, is handled and is expanded using 0.12% forchlorfenuron after 1 week, and fringe stalk is uniformly applied to writing brush, and
Fruit thinning is carried out, is dredged per fringe by cluster of grapes weight 0.7kg, simple grain grape weight 10g and is stayed 70 fruits；
Trunk band girdle is carried out before grape coloring at the end of May, band girdle width is 2-3mm.
The standardization prevention of 2.5 pest and disease damages：
One trapping lamp of setting per 30-50 mus, yellow plate 30, presses a variety of pest and disease damages that the grape growth phase easily occurs per acre
Traditional application method carries out preventing disease pest control work.
3 hickory chick cultivation managements
3.1 cultivation season
Sowing time selection is during temperature is stablized at 10 DEG C~15 DEG C, and Sichuan Plain and knob sowing time are suitable for arrangement
In early November, other areas determine that fruiting phase is mid-February next year~March according to local height above sea level and weather conditions.
3.2 planting type
In grape sunshade mesh shed furrow formula cultivation in the ranks, divides addition base-material and do not add base-material two ways.
3.3 consolidation
Cultivation area should remove the various sundries such as stalk, weeds in advance, excavate gutter, turn over chesson.
3.4 beddings are ditched
It crosses bedding according to the grape in the ranks wide 1m of furrow face, the pavement ㎝ of 50 ㎝~60, since grape in the ranks has gutter, because
This no longer another drainage trenching.
3.5 base-materials and processing
With sawdust, wood shavings and crushing agricultural crop straw etc. for base-material, water content 60%~65%, according to edible mushroom routine side
Method sterilizes or is handled by agaricus bisporus windrow method fermentation reactor system.
3.6 paving base-materials
The base-material for spreading the sterilizing of the ㎝ thickness of 3 ㎝~5 in ditch or fermenting.Base-material 1t or so is used per acre.
3.7 sowing
Seed dressing adds water to be formulated as 2 ‰ solution, and hickory chick cultigen adds seed dressing agent solution to mix that wet mixing is even, and humidity is to hold
It is advisable without ponding in device.Strain is equably sown in ditch or (is not ditched) in furrow face.Sowing quantity is 500 bottles of (bacterium per acre
Kind bottle capacity is 450ml~500ml).
3.8 earthing
The fine earth of ㎝ of 2 ㎝~3 or so is covered, furrow face is flattened.
3.9 take sunshade
According to the facility steelframe of grape, remove top Anti-fogging Film in November in grape leaf fall period, while sunshade is built along top
Net covers full canopy with 95% sunshade net, after the completion of March next year hickory chick harvest, takes down sunshade net, builds Anti-fogging Film again,
It takes shelter from rain and is ready for grape.
3.10 bacterium germination period management
Beginning is sprayed permeable for the first time after sowing 3 days, is sprayed water later according to ground moistening situation, to keep ground moistening
It is advisable.The lower area of temperature, can increase in canopy and build the small scaffolding heat preservation of plastics, and temperature is removed after ging up.Pull out tendril class in time
Weeds.
3.11 put conversion bag
3.11.1 bag formula and making are converted
Wheat impregnates fully water suction with husk, takes out and filters off surface moisture, pack is mixed thoroughly with lime, gypsum.Bacterium bag is with 12
The strain bag of the ㎝ of ㎝ × 24, the ㎝ equal-specifications of 15 ㎝ × 33.Edible mushroom conventional method sterilizes.
3.11.2 arrangement method
After converting bag cooling, prescinds sack film and stand up or beat several holes traverse in one side, be distributed according to 1600 bags per acre
It is equably placed in furrow face, is put according to the suitable ditch that ditch is broadcast.Keep 1~2 month to removing conversion bag before fruiting.
3.12 fruiting period management
Temperature stabilization is gradually increased water management at 8 DEG C, and primary permeable, promotion fruit-body formation is sprayed after 3 days~4 days.
To increase water spray number and water spray during fruiting, it is ensured that sporophore growth needs, and keeps well-ventilated, with fresh air.
3.13 the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Cultivation area and periphery weeds sundries are removed, is kept the environment clean；Place uses preceding carry out disinfection, institute
The regulation of DB51/337 should be executed with chemical pesticide, hickory chick fruiting phase is forbidden to use chemical pesticide, the pests such as slug that can use sugar
Vinegar liquid is trapped and killed.
By plantation in detail above and management method, may make grape and hickory chick can healthy growth, and can increase
Yield.
Claims (3)
1. the three-dimensional intercropping method of a kind of grape and hickory chick, it is characterised in that：It plants grape and uses horizontal rack or T-type
Frame, grape spacing in the rows are 3m~4m；Grape uses conventional cultivation management, at wine-growing row both sides are from trunk 0.3m-0.7
Each two furrow, wide 0.8-1.2m of furrow or so, high 0.08-0.12m of furrow or so are colonized hickory chick on furrow.
2. a kind of three-dimensional intercropping method of grape and hickory chick as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The horizontal canopy
1.75 meters away from ground of frame or T-type frame.
3. a kind of three-dimensional intercropping method of grape and hickory chick as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that specific behaviour
It is as step：
（1）Building well
A line grape is planted among the greenhouse of 6m wide, using horizontal rack or T-type frame, frame identity distance ground 1.75m, grape strain
Away from for 3m~4m；Grape uses conventional cultivation management, in two furrow of wine-growing row both sides each from trunk 0.5m or so, furrow
Wide 1m or so, high 0.1m of furrow or so, is colonized hickory chick on furrow；
（2）Vinegrowing and management
（2.1）New talent is colonized：
Every year March, in the greenhouse after prepartion of land, by grape seedlings field planting in planting pit, waters, swims after field planting
Thoroughly, seeding row spacing is 3 × 6m, and mu plants 37 plants；
（2.2）Soil fertilizer and water management：
Newly-built greenhouse ploughs deeply soil 50-60cm, presses 500kg oil cakes, 2t muck and 30-50cm soil layer mixings per acre, per acre 1t bacterium
Slag, 150kg husks, rotary tillage 20cm；
The grape seedlings of current year field planting in 5, height of seedling 50-60cm in June, by 5kg/ mu of urea, monthly apply once by drop；Current year is colonized
Grape seedlings be paved with frame face in 7, August part, when growing way is vigorous, by 5kg/ mus of potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer monthly drop apply it is primary；
After bearing fruit at the end of April for the grape of perennial plant, fruit-promoting fertilizer, and blade face are applied by 25kg/ mus of drops of potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer
Spray 800-1000 times of liquid calcium fertilizer prevents dehiscent fruit to thicken pericarp；Before colouring at the end of May, annesl fertilizer is applied by 25kg/ mus of drops of potash fertilizer；
After fruit picking is complete at the end of September, applied by 15kg/ mus of drops of potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer, while foliage-spray cytokinin medicament is to control slightly
With promote bud differentiation, and foliage-spray leaf-protecting agent protect blade；
In the grape leaf fall period in October, in each two furrow of Planting Row Distance trunk 0.5m or so, while grape winter basal dressing
It is ready for field planting hickory chick, oil cake 250kg, turf 250kg, clay fertilizer mixing are simultaneously permeable in swimming in ditch per acre；
When carrying out that dispenser prevents grape pest and disease damage outside root, the grape seedlings of current year field planting July branches and tendrils climb in face of shelfful or for many years
The grape of raw plant is mixed into the urea of 0.1%-0.2% in liquid before flowering, and the grape seedlings that current year is colonized are after July or for many years
The potassium dihydrogen phosphate that the grape of raw plant is mixed into 0.1%- 0.2% in Post flowering in liquid carries out foliage top dressing；
（2.3）The female climing management of tree-like and result：
Tree-like is H-shaped or "-" type, and when the high about 1.5m of trunk, using big " Y " posture, two-arm is unfolded at 120 degree angles, completion grape
Frame, which is looked unfamiliar, produces the setting of band, fruiting band, ventilation strip；
A week after the lunar calendar " the Beginning of Winter " is trimmed, the trim mode combined using the length tip, according to tree vigo(u)r and frame face
It selects and remain the appropriate prosperous tip and carries out long cane pruning, stay 7 bud sections, the result mother as second year is climing, selects and remain the appropriate weak tip and carries out the short tip
Trimming, stays 1-2 bud section, the branch of second year pumping is climing as nutrition, and the result mother that can be used as third year is climing；
The branches and tendrils selected and remain should close proximity to trunk, while the weak tip selected and remain should as possible behind the prosperous tip to avoid setting fruit position outside
It moves；
It is calculated by per mu yield 1000kg, 37 plants of mu cultivation, a string of fruit 0.7kg, a fringe；To ensure that fruit has enough nutrition supplies
Fruit quality is improved, by fruiting vine and nutrition climing 4:1 configuration nutrition is climing, can suitably adjust fruiting vine and battalion according to tree vigo(u)r and frame face
Support climing quantity；
Post flowering is i.e. to fruiting vine pinching, and a fringe, climing spacing is 20cm；
（2.4）The management of grape ear：
When 7-10 centimeters of flower spike, fringe is drawn using a concentration of 0.15% gibberellin, fringe stalk, cob are uniformly applied to writing brush, is increased
Fringe stalk, cob, and flower spike shaping is carried out, retain 1/3 fringe point, remaining excision；Water of bearing fruit is soaked when shedding 20%, is used after 1 week
The processing of 0.12% forchlorfenuron is expanded, and fringe stalk is uniformly applied to writing brush, and carry out fruit thinning, by cluster of grapes weight 0.7kg, simple grain
Grape weight 10g, dredges per fringe and stays 70 fruits；
Trunk band girdle is carried out before grape coloring at the end of May, band girdle width is 2-3mm；
（2.5）Pest and disease damage standardization prevention：
One trapping lamp of setting per 30-50 mus is placed yellow plate 30, is pressed to a variety of pest and disease damages that the grape growth phase easily occurs per acre
Traditional application method carries out preventing disease pest control work；
（3）Hickory chick cultivation management
（3.1）Cultivation season
Sowing time, selection was during temperature is stablized at 10 DEG C~15 DEG C；
（3.2）Planting type
In grape sunshade mesh shed furrow formula cultivation in the ranks, divides addition base-material and do not add base-material two ways；
（3.3）Consolidation
Cultivation area should remove the various sundries such as stalk, weeds in advance, excavate gutter, turn over chesson；
（3.4）Bedding is ditched
It crosses bedding according to the grape in the ranks wide 1m of furrow face, the pavement ㎝ of 50 ㎝~60；
（3.5）Base-material and processing
Using sawdust, wood shavings and crush agricultural crop straw as base-material, water content 60%~65%, according to edible mushroom conventional method sterilizing or
It is handled by agaricus bisporus windrow method fermentation reactor system；
（3.6）Spread base-material
The base-material for spreading the sterilizing of the ㎝ thickness of 3 ㎝~5 in ditch or fermenting, uses base-material 1t or so per acre；
（3.7）Sowing
Seed dressing adds water to be formulated as 2 ‰ solution, and hickory chick cultigen adds seed dressing agent solution to mix that wet mixing is even, and humidity is in container
No ponding is advisable, and strain is equably sown in ditch or in furrow face, per acre sowing quantity be 500 bottles of capacity be 450ml~
The seed bottle of 500ml；
（3.8）Earthing
The fine earth of the ㎝ of 2 ㎝~3 is covered, furrow face is flattened；
（3.9）Take sunshade
According to the facility steelframe of grape, removes top Anti-fogging Film in November in grape leaf fall period, while sunshade net is built along top, use
95% sunshade net covers full canopy, after the completion of March next year hickory chick harvest, takes down sunshade net, builds Anti-fogging Film again, be grape
It takes shelter from rain and is ready；
（3.10）Bacterium germination period management
Beginning is sprayed permeable for the first time after sowing 3 days, is sprayed water later according to ground moistening situation, to keep ground moistening to be
Preferably；The lower area of temperature can increase in canopy and build the small scaffolding heat preservation of plastics, and temperature is removed after ging up, and it is miscellaneous to pull out tendril class in time
Grass；
（3.11）Put conversion bag
（3.11.1）Convert bag formula and making
Wheat and husk impregnate fully water suction, take out and filter off surface moisture, and pack is mixed thoroughly with lime, gypsum, bacterium bag with 12 ㎝ ×
The strain bag of 24 ㎝, the ㎝ equal-specifications of 15 ㎝ × 33, the sterilizing of edible mushroom conventional method；
（3.11.2）Arrangement method
After converting bag cooling, prescinds sack film and stand up or beat several holes traverse in one side, be evenly distributed according to 1600 bags per acre
Ground is placed in furrow face, is put according to the suitable ditch that ditch is broadcast, keep 1~2 month to removing conversion bag before fruiting；
（3.12）Fruiting period management
Temperature stabilization is gradually increased water management at 8 DEG C, and primary permeable, promotion fruit-body formation, fruiting are sprayed after 3 days~4 days
Period will increase water spray number and water spray, it is ensured that sporophore growth needs, and keeps well-ventilated, with fresh air；
（3.13）The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Cultivation area and periphery weeds sundries are removed, is kept the environment clean；Place uses preceding carry out disinfection, usedization
Medicine of learning to farm should execute the regulation of DB51/337, and hickory chick fruiting phase is forbidden to use chemical pesticide.
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| CN111657050A (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2020-09-15 | 浙江大学 | Method for cultivating morchella by using grape greenhouse padding |
| CN114651663A (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2022-06-24 | 湖南农业大学 | Multi-span greenhouse grape and edible mushroom three-dimensional planting method and system |
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