CN108487974B - Multi-temperature-range composite halide ammonia storage tank structure with temperature-range self-adaptive function - Google Patents
Multi-temperature-range composite halide ammonia storage tank structure with temperature-range self-adaptive function Download PDFInfo
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- CN108487974B CN108487974B CN201810236718.9A CN201810236718A CN108487974B CN 108487974 B CN108487974 B CN 108487974B CN 201810236718 A CN201810236718 A CN 201810236718A CN 108487974 B CN108487974 B CN 108487974B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
- F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
- F01N2610/1406—Storage means for substances, e.g. tanks or reservoirs
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a multi-temperature-range composite halide ammonia storage tank structure with a temperature-range self-adaptive function, which comprises an ammonia storage tank and a flue gas channel; the ammonia storage tank comprises a tank body shell (15) and unit pipes, wherein one or more unit pipes penetrate through the inner space of the tank body shell (15); the flue gas channel comprises a flue gas inlet pipeline (1), a flue gas main pipeline upstream section (2), a flue gas branch pipeline (19), a flue gas main pipeline downstream section (9) and a flue gas outlet pipeline (10) which are connected in sequence; the flue gas branch pipes (19) penetrate through the unit pipes, and the flue gas branch pipes (19) correspond to the unit pipes one by one; and the space between the unit pipe and the flue gas branch pipe (19) is filled with an adsorbent (11). The invention adopts the solid adsorbent to store ammonia gas, avoids the problems of nozzle blockage, crystallization and icing caused by the traditional urea solution ammonia storage, mainly drives and desorbs ammonia gas by using the waste heat of flue gas, avoids the energy consumption problem of the traditional ammonia storage tank by electric heating and circulating fluid heating, and improves the utilization rate of residual energy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automobile exhaust treatment and adsorption, in particular to a multi-temperature-range composite halide ammonia storage tank structure with a temperature-range self-adaptive function.
Background
Nitrogen oxides are toxic gases that have a great harmful effect on the human body and, at the same time, are environmental pollutants that form acid rain, photochemical pollution and damage the ozone layer structure. Heavy diesel engine automobiles are the main emission source of nitrogen oxides, and for the sustainable development of human beings, the problems of energy sources and environment are solved, and the problem of automobile exhaust emission is solved. In an automobile exhaust gas treatment system, ammonia gas is used as a reducing agent for nitrogen oxides, and the storage and supply problems of ammonia gas are receiving increasing attention from researchers.
Currently, ammonia gas is used as a main raw material and a protective gas in an industrial production process, and has three forms of ammonia storage tank structures. First, the conversion of ammonia gas to liquid ammonia at high pressure requires installation in a specific storage environment and is not suitable for use as an on-board ammonia storage tank. [ reference: liu Xinli, comparison of the process design of liquid ammonia storage and gasification in SCR denitration [ J ] China science and technology Explorer, 2013(19): 335-. Secondly, using a 32.5% high purity aqueous urea solution, ammonia gas is released by atomization. [ reference: zhouying, gold Baoyang, modeling and simulation research of atomization thermal decomposition characteristics of urea aqueous solution [ J ], Chinese Motor engineering report, 2012,32(26):37-42 ]. The urea has active chemical property and poor stability, and simultaneously, the phenomena of nozzle blockage, crystallization and icing are easily caused in the urea aqueous solution atomization process, so that the economical efficiency and stability requirements of vehicle-mounted use are not met. Thirdly, solid adsorption media mainly comprising solid ammonium salt are adopted to adsorb ammonia gas to form stable complex, the stable complex is stored in an ammonia storage tank, and the ammonia gas is desorbed by the adsorption media after being heated to provide a reducing agent required by the tail gas treatment system. [ reference: spreading talent, design and development of ammonia gas supply device of solid ammonium SCR system [ D ] Jilin university, 2016 ]. The solid ammonium salt is divided into low-temperature salt, medium-temperature salt and high-temperature salt according to the desorption temperature, the temperature requirement of the ammonia gas released by the urea ammonia storage tank is smaller than that of the ammonia gas released by the urea ammonia storage tank, meanwhile, the ammonia gas with the same volume fraction is provided, the space occupied by the solid ammonium salt ammonia storage tank is smaller than one third of the space occupied by the urea ammonia storage tank, and the solid ammonium salt ammonia storage tank has the advantages of low cost, safety, reliability and the like, so that the solid ammonium salt is widely applied to replacing the traditional urea.
German FEV company develops the solid SCR technology, sprays hot fluid medium on the surface of a solid reducing agent through a pump, the solid adsorption medium is heated and decomposed to produce ammonia, and the hot fluid medium which completes heat transfer flows to the bottom and is pumped back to a corresponding storage container again to form dynamic balance. [ reference: lacin F, Kotrba A, Hayworth G, equivalent
Demonstrating an improved approach to NOxreduction via a solidreductant[J].Sae Technical Papers,2011.]. The Korea mechanical materials institute and the south Korea study cooperate to develop a solid SCR system, the heating mode of the ammonia generating device is electric heating, the solid reducing agent is heated and decomposed to generate ammonia, the electric heating part is arranged outside the storage container, and the control of the generation amount of the ammonia is realized by changing the heating amount[ reference: kim H, Lee H, Yoon C S, et al].Korea Autonomous Engineer AutumnConference&Exhibition,2014,1.]. Patent document CN206338100U provides an electric heating device for an ammonia storage tank, which is heated by direct contact with an adsorbent, and is susceptible to corrosion. Meanwhile, the device uses 'solid particles' to represent ammonia storage substances, and analysis on the adaptability of the vehicle running condition is not involved. Therefore, the traditional ammonia storage tank has the problems of single heating mode, poor heat and mass transfer effect, slow ammonia release speed and the like, and the influence of the ammonia release, circulation and convergence by adopting a plurality of ammonia mass transfer channels and low, medium and high temperature salt composite ammonia storage is not analyzed, so that the problem to be solved urgently is how to improve the performance of the ammonia storage tank.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a multi-temperature-range composite halide ammonia storage tank structure with a temperature-range self-adaptive function.
The multi-temperature-range composite halide ammonia storage tank structure with the temperature-range self-adaptive function comprises an ammonia storage tank and a flue gas channel; the ammonia storage tank comprises a tank body shell and unit pipes, and one or more unit pipes penetrate through the inner space of the tank body shell;
the flue gas channel comprises a flue gas inlet pipeline, an upstream section of a flue gas main pipeline, a flue gas branch pipeline, a downstream section of the flue gas main pipeline and a flue gas outlet pipeline which are connected in sequence;
the flue gas branch pipes penetrate through the unit pipes, and the flue gas branch pipes correspond to the unit pipes one by one; and an adsorbent is filled in a space between the unit pipe and the flue gas branch pipe, and the adsorbent can adsorb and desorb ammonia gas.
Preferably, the ammonia storage tank further comprises a second end cover and a first end cover, and the flue gas channel sequentially penetrates through the second end cover and the first end cover in the flue gas flowing direction;
the first end cover is fixedly connected with a flange, and an ammonia outlet pipeline is arranged on the flange;
preferably, in the axial direction of the unit tube:
the unit tube is contacted with the second end cover, and a gap is formed between the unit tube and the first end cover;
the flue gas branch pipe sequentially penetrates through the second end cover, the tank body shell, the first end cover and the flange.
Preferably, the cross section of the tank shell is circular or rectangular;
the plurality of unit pipes are arranged in the inner space of the tank shell in a row or row-inserting mode;
the flue gas branch pipe comprises any one or more of the following structures: a straight pipe; a wave tube; a spiral tube; finned tubes.
Preferably, the unit tube comprises a tube wall of the unit tube and mass transfer structures, and the mass transfer structures are arranged on the inner wall surface of the tube wall of the unit tube along the circumferential direction of the unit tube on the projection of the cross section;
the mass transfer structure is internally provided with a mass transfer channel, an ammonia gas release channel is formed in the space between the mass transfer structure and the wall of the unit tube, and the ammonia gas desorbed by the adsorbent passes through the mass transfer channel and then reaches the ammonia gas release channel.
Preferably, the tube wall of the unit tube is made of stainless steel material, and the mass transfer structure is made of metal material or nano material;
the adsorbent comprises an expanded graphite-based alkali metal halide or a sulfurized expanded graphite-based alkali metal halide.
Preferably, the flue gas safety pipeline is further included, and two ends of the flue gas safety pipeline along the length direction are respectively communicated with the flue gas inlet pipeline and the flue gas outlet pipeline;
any one or more of the following positions are provided with valves:
-on the flue gas bypass pipe;
-on the downstream section of the main flue gas conduit;
-on a flue gas safety line.
A temperature sensor and a flow sensor are arranged on the flue gas inlet pipeline; and a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor are arranged in the ammonia storage tank.
Preferably, the heating device comprises a power supply, a relay and a heating belt which are connected end to end in a closed mode;
the heating tape is installed on any one of the plurality of unit tubes or any plurality of unit tubes.
Preferably, an electronic control unit is also included; the valve, the temperature sensor, the flow sensor, the pressure sensor and the relay are all connected with the electronic control unit;
the electronic control unit comprises the following modules:
a signal acquisition module: acquiring detection signals from a temperature sensor, a flow sensor and a pressure sensor:
an action instruction generation module: and generating an action control instruction according to the detection signal, wherein the action control instruction can control the valve and the relay to act.
Preferably, at least three unit tubes filled with different adsorbents are present among the plurality of unit tubes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention adopts the solid adsorbent to store ammonia gas, thereby avoiding the problems of nozzle blockage, crystallization and icing caused by the ammonia storage of the traditional urea solution.
2. The invention mainly uses the flue gas waste heat to drive and desorb ammonia gas, avoids the energy consumption problem of the traditional ammonia storage tank by electric heating and circulating fluid heating, and improves the utilization rate of the waste energy.
3. The invention adopts the electric heating device to assist in driving and desorbing ammonia gas, and quickly meets the temperature and pressure conditions required by the ammonia storage tank for releasing ammonia gas when the vehicle is in cold start.
4. The multi-unit pipe structure is adopted, and the problem of uneven heating of adsorbates caused by single-pipe heating is avoided by heating through flue gas by flow division, so that the heat transfer efficiency is improved.
5. According to the invention, the wave-shaped pipeline is used as the internal flue gas pipeline, so that the contact area between the flue gas and the adsorption medium is increased, the adsorption medium is uniformly heated, and the heat exchange effect of the unit pipe is improved;
6. compared with the only ammonia gas outlet pipeline of the traditional ammonia storage tank, the ammonia gas discharge channel has the advantages that the circulation and collection of ammonia gas are accelerated, and the mass transfer efficiency is improved.
7. The invention is provided with a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a flowmeter and a valve, monitors the working state of the system in real time and adjusts the desorption amount of ammonia.
8. The invention adopts a low, medium and high temperature salt composite ammonia storage structure, adjusts the working state according to the running working condition of the vehicle, improves the ammonia release rate, improves the residual energy utilization rate and reasonably increases the ammonia storage amount.
9. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, small volume, low cost, large working temperature range and strong environmental adaptability, and can be widely applied to the field of automobile exhaust treatment.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a shell of a tank body of an ammonia storage tank, which adopts a structure with a circular cross section;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a shell of a tank body of an ammonia storage tank, which adopts a structure with a rectangular cross section;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a unit tube.
The figures show that:
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
As shown in fig. 3, the multi-temperature-range composite halide ammonia storage tank structure with temperature-range adaptive function provided by the invention comprises an ammonia storage tank and a flue gas channel. The ammonia storage tank comprises a tank body shell 15 and unit pipes, one or more unit pipes penetrate through the inner space of the tank body shell 15, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the tank body shell 15 of the ammonia storage tank can adopt a cylindrical or square cylindrical structure with a circular or square cross section, the number of the internal unit pipes can be adjusted according to needs, and the internal unit pipes are arranged in a row or an insertion row manner, in the embodiment, a 2 x 2 structure in the row is adopted, and of course, in the preferred embodiment, the number and the arrangement manner of the unit pipes can be combined randomly according to needs, and even the unit pipes can be arranged in a disorder manner.
The flue gas passageway contains flue gas inlet pipeline 1, flue gas trunk line upper reaches section 2, flue gas branch way pipe 19, flue gas trunk line downstream section 9, the exhanst gas outlet pipe 10 that connects gradually, and flue gas branch way pipe 19 is worn to establish in the unit pipe, and flue gas branch way pipe 19 and unit pipe one-to-one correspond. The space between the unit pipe and the flue gas branch pipe 19 is filled with an adsorbent 11, the adsorbent 11 can adsorb and desorb ammonia gas, and as shown in fig. 4, a pipe passage 20 formed in the middle of the adsorbent 11 is the space where the flue gas branch pipe 19 is located. The flue gas discharged from the automobile tail gas outlet channel flows through the flue gas inlet channel, is shunted to enter the flue gas branch pipe 19, heats the adsorbent 11, is finally discharged from the flue gas outlet pipeline and enters the tail gas reduction device; during the heat exchange process, the adsorption medium is desorbed to release ammonia gas, and the ammonia gas is discharged through the ammonia gas outlet pipeline 8 and also enters the tail gas reduction device to react with the flue gas. Preferably, the cross-sectional shape of the tank housing 15 may be other shapes such as an ellipse, a petal shape, and the like. Preferably, the ammonia storage tank can be wrapped with thermal insulation materials such as filling foam and the like to reduce heat loss. Preferably, the flue gas bypass pipe 19 comprises any one or more of the following structures: a straight pipe; a wave tube; a spiral tube; finned tubes.
The ammonia storage tank also comprises a second end cover 16 and a first end cover 6, the flue gas channel sequentially penetrates through the second end cover 16 and the first end cover 6 in the flue gas flowing direction, a flange 7 is fixedly connected to the first end cover 6, and an ammonia gas outlet pipeline 8 is arranged on the flange 7. Preferably, in the axial direction of the unit tube, there is a structural arrangement as follows: the unit tube is contacted with the second end cover 16, and a gap is formed between the unit tube and the first end cover 6; the flue gas branch pipe 19 passes through the second end cover 16, the tank body shell 15, the first end cover 6 and the flange 7 in sequence.
As shown in fig. 4, the unit tube includes a unit tube wall 14 and mass transfer structures 12, in the cross-sectional projection, the mass transfer structures 12 are arranged on the inner wall surface of the unit tube wall 14 along the circumferential direction of the unit tube, mass transfer channels are provided in the mass transfer structures 12, an ammonia gas release channel 13 is formed in a space between the mass transfer structures 12 and the unit tube wall 14, and the ammonia gas desorbed by the adsorbent 11 passes through the mass transfer channels and then reaches the ammonia gas release channel 13. Preferably, the mass transfer structure 12 is arc-shaped in cross-sectional projection. Preferably, the unit tube wall 14 is made of stainless steel material, and the mass transfer structure 12 is made of metal material or nano material; the adsorbent 11 contains an expanded graphite-based alkali metal halide or a sulfurized expanded graphite-based alkali metal halide. Preferably, at least three unit tubes filled with different adsorbents 11 exist among the plurality of unit tubes. For example: the first unit tube is filled with a low temperature salt adsorbent 11 such as: NaBr compound sulfuration expanded graphite and the like; the second unit tube is filled with medium temperature salt adsorbent 11, such as: CaCl2Compounding vulcanized expanded graphite and the like; the third unit tube is filled with a high temperature salt adsorbent 11, such as: MnCl2Compounding vulcanized expanded graphite, and the like.
As shown in fig. 3, in the embodiment of the present invention, a flue gas safety pipeline 17 is further provided, and two ends of the flue gas safety pipeline 17 along the length direction are respectively communicated with the flue gas inlet pipeline 1 and the flue gas outlet pipeline 10. Any one or more of the following positions are provided with valves: the flue gas branch pipe 19 is close to one end of the flue gas inlet pipeline 1 in two ends along the length direction; the downstream section 9 of the main flue gas pipeline; the smoke safety pipeline 17 is arranged at one end, close to the smoke inlet pipeline 1, of two ends in the length direction; the flue gas safety pipe 17 is located at one of the two ends in the length direction, which is close to the flue gas outlet pipe 10. A temperature sensor and a flow sensor 21 are arranged on the flue gas inlet pipeline 1; and a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor are arranged in the ammonia storage tank. A heating device is also provided, the heating device comprises a power supply 3, a relay 4 and a heating belt 18 which are connected end to end in a closed mode, and the heating belt 18 is installed on any one or any plurality of unit pipes. In addition, an electronic control unit 5 is also provided; the valve, the temperature sensor, the flow sensor 21, the pressure sensor and the relay 4 are all connected with the electronic control unit 5, and the electronic control unit 5 comprises the following modules: a signal acquisition module: acquiring detection signals from the temperature sensor, the flow sensor 21, and the pressure sensor: an action instruction generation module: and generating an action control command according to the detection signal, wherein the action control command can control the valve and the relay 4 to act. Preferably, the inside alarm device that can also connect of ammonia storage tank, when ammonia storage tank pressure reached the critical value, start alarm device to guarantee in time to change ammonia storage tank, vehicle exhaust processing system normal operating.
Preferred embodiments:
as shown in fig. 3, the plurality of unit pipes include a first unit pipe 101, a second unit pipe 102, a third unit pipe 103, and a fourth unit pipe 104. A first flue gas branch pipe, a second flue gas branch pipe, a third flue gas branch pipe and a fourth flue gas branch pipe are correspondingly arranged in the first unit pipe 101, the second unit pipe 102, the third unit pipe 103 and the fourth unit pipe 104 respectively; the first flue gas branch pipe, the second flue gas branch pipe, the third flue gas branch pipe and the fourth flue gas branch pipe are respectively provided with a valve V2, a valve V3, a valve V4 and a valve V5; a valve V1 and a valve V7 are respectively arranged at one end of the two ends of the flue gas safety pipeline 17 in the length direction, which is close to the flue gas inlet pipeline 1, and one end of the flue gas safety pipeline which is close to the flue gas outlet pipeline 10; a valve V6 is arranged on the downstream section 9 of the main flue gas pipeline. The heating belt 18 is installed on the first unit pipe 101. The flue gas inlet pipeline 1 is provided with a temperature sensor T1 and a flow sensor 21; a pressure sensor P and a temperature sensor T2 are arranged in the ammonia storage tank.
The pressure range of the ammonia storage tank for stably releasing ammonia gas is 0.15-0.7 MPa, the first unit pipe 101 and the second unit pipe 102 are filled with low-temperature salt NaBr composite vulcanized expanded graphite, the desorption temperature is not lower than 40 ℃, and the third unit pipe 103 is filled with medium-temperature salt CaCl2Compounding vulcanized expanded graphite, wherein the desorption temperature is not lower than 70 ℃, and the fourth unit pipe 104 is filled with high-temperature salt MnCl2The desorption temperature of the composite vulcanized expanded graphite is not lower than 120 ℃. In a preferred embodiment, the number of the unit pipes filled with the low-temperature salt, the medium-temperature salt and the high-temperature salt can be adjusted according to the type and the working condition of the vehicle.
When the vehicle is started or the pressure of the ammonia storage tank is too small, the electronic control element outputs an electric signal to open the switch of the relay 4, the valve V2 and the valve V6. The electric heating device is used for mainly driving the first unit pipe 101 to desorb and release ammonia gas from low-temperature salt NaBr, meanwhile, smoke discharged from an automobile tail gas outlet channel enters a first smoke branch pipe through a smoke inlet pipeline 1 and a smoke main pipeline upstream section 2 to drive the first unit pipe 101 to desorb and release ammonia gas from the low-temperature salt NaBr, and the smoke is discharged from a smoke main pipeline downstream section 9 and a smoke outlet pipeline 10 to enter a tail gas reduction device. The ammonia released by desorption flows into an ammonia releasing channel 13 through the mass transfer channel, is discharged through an ammonia outlet pipeline 8 and enters the tail gas reduction device. When the pressure in the ammonia storage tank reaches and stabilizes within the range of 0.15-0.7 MPa, the valve V2, the valve V6 and the relay 4 are closed through electric control signals.
When the temperature of the smoke does not exceed 200 ℃, the vehicle engine normally runs at low speed or low load, and the electronic control element outputs electric signals to open the valve V3 and the valve V6. The flue gas discharged from the automobile exhaust outlet channel enters the second flue gas branch pipe through the flue gas inlet pipeline 1 and the upstream section 2 of the flue gas main pipeline, the flue gas waste heat drives the low-temperature salt NaBr in the second unit pipe 102 to desorb and release ammonia gas, and the flue gas is discharged from the downstream section 9 of the flue gas main pipeline and the flue gas outlet pipeline 10 and enters the exhaust gas reduction device. The ammonia released by desorption flows into an ammonia releasing channel 13 through the mass transfer channel, is discharged through an ammonia outlet pipeline 8 and enters the tail gas reduction device. When the temperature of the flue gas exceeds 200 ℃, the valve V3 and the valve V6 are closed through electric control signals.
When the temperature of the flue gas exceeds 200 ℃ and does not exceed 350 ℃, the vehicle engine normally runs at medium speed or medium load, and the valve V4 and the valve V6 are opened by outputting electric signals through the electronic control element. The smoke discharged from the automobile exhaust outlet channel enters a third smoke branch pipe through a smoke inlet pipeline 1 and a smoke main pipeline upstream section 2 to drive a medium temperature salt CaCl in a third unit pipe 1032Ammonia gas is released by desorption, and the flue gas is discharged through the downstream section 9 of the flue gas main pipeline and the flue gas outlet pipeline 10 and enters the tail gas reduction device. The ammonia released by desorption flows into an ammonia release channel 13 through the mass transfer channel, is discharged through an ammonia outlet pipeline 8 and enters the tail gas reduction device. When the temperature of the flue gas is lower than 200 ℃ or exceeds 350 ℃, the valve V4 and the valve V6 are closed through electric control signals.
When the temperature of the smoke gas exceeds 350 ℃, the vehicle engine normally runs at high speed or high load, and the electronic control element outputs an electric signal to open the valve V5 and the valve V6. The flue gas discharged from the automobile tail gas outlet channel enters a fourth flue gas branch pipe through a flue gas inlet pipeline 1 and a flue gas main pipeline upstream section 2, and the flue gas waste heat drives high-temperature salt MnCl2Ammonia gas is released by desorption, and the flue gas is discharged through the downstream section 9 of the flue gas main pipeline and the flue gas outlet pipeline 10 and enters the tail gas reduction device. The ammonia released by desorption flows into an ammonia release channel 13 through the mass transfer channel, is discharged through an ammonia outlet pipeline 8 and enters the tail gas reduction device. When the temperature of the flue gas does not exceed 350 ℃, the valve V5 and the valve V6 are closed through electric control signals.
When the pressure in the ammonia storage tank exceeds 0.7MPa, an electronic control element outputs an electric signal, a valve V1 and a valve V7 are opened, redundant flue gas passes through a flue gas inlet pipeline 1 and a flue gas safety pipeline 17 and is discharged and released through a flue gas outlet pipeline 10, and when the pressure in the ammonia storage tank reaches and stabilizes within the range of 0.15-0.7 MPa, the valve V1 and the valve V7 are closed.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (9)
1. A multi-temperature-range composite halide ammonia storage tank structure with a temperature-range self-adaptive function is characterized by comprising an ammonia storage tank and a flue gas channel; the ammonia storage tank comprises a tank body shell (15) and unit pipes, wherein one or more unit pipes penetrate through the inner space of the tank body shell (15);
the flue gas channel comprises a flue gas inlet pipeline (1), a flue gas main pipeline upstream section (2), a flue gas branch pipeline (19), a flue gas main pipeline downstream section (9) and a flue gas outlet pipeline (10) which are connected in sequence;
the flue gas branch pipes (19) penetrate through the unit pipes, and the flue gas branch pipes (19) correspond to the unit pipes one by one; an adsorbent (11) is filled in a space between the unit pipe and the flue gas branch pipe (19), and the adsorbent (11) can adsorb and desorb ammonia gas;
the unit tube comprises a unit tube wall (14) and mass transfer structures (12), and the mass transfer structures (12) are arranged on the inner wall surface of the unit tube wall (14) along the circumferential direction of the unit tube on the projection of the cross section;
a mass transfer channel is arranged in the mass transfer structure (12), an ammonia gas release channel (13) is formed in a space between the mass transfer structure (12) and the unit tube wall (14), and ammonia gas desorbed by the adsorbent (11) passes through the mass transfer channel and then reaches the ammonia gas release channel (13).
2. The multi-temperature-range composite halide ammonia storage tank structure with the temperature-range self-adaptive function according to claim 1, wherein the ammonia storage tank further comprises a second end cover (16) and a first end cover (6), and the flue gas channel sequentially penetrates through the second end cover (16) and the first end cover (6) in the flow direction of flue gas;
a flange (7) is fixedly connected to the first end cover (6), and an ammonia gas outlet pipeline (8) is arranged on the flange (7).
3. The multi-temperature-range composite halide ammonia storage tank structure with the temperature-range adaptive function according to claim 2, wherein in the axial direction of the unit pipes:
the unit tube is contacted with the second end cover (16), and a gap is formed between the unit tube and the first end cover (6);
the flue gas branch pipe (19) sequentially penetrates through the second end cover (16), the tank body shell (15), the first end cover (6) and the flange (7).
4. The multi-temperature-range composite halide ammonia storage tank structure with the temperature-range adaptive function according to claim 1, wherein the tank body shell (15) has a circular or rectangular cross-sectional shape;
the plurality of unit pipes are arranged in the inner space of the tank body shell (15) in a row or in a socket manner;
the flue gas branch pipe (19) comprises any one or more of the following structures: a straight pipe; a wave tube; a spiral tube; finned tubes.
5. The multi-temperature-domain composite halide ammonia storage tank structure with the temperature-domain adaptive function according to claim 1, wherein the unit pipe walls (14) are made of stainless steel material, and the mass transfer structure (12) is made of metal material or nano material;
the adsorbent (11) comprises an expanded graphite-based alkali metal halide or a sulfurized expanded graphite-based alkali metal halide.
6. The multi-temperature-range composite halide ammonia storage tank structure with the temperature-range self-adaptive function according to claim 1, further comprising a flue gas safety pipeline (17), wherein two ends of the flue gas safety pipeline (17) along the length direction are respectively communicated with the flue gas inlet pipeline (1) and the flue gas outlet pipeline (10);
any one or more of the following positions are provided with valves:
-on the flue gas bypass pipe (19);
-on the downstream section (9) of the main flue gas conduit;
-on the flue gas safety line (17);
a temperature sensor and a flow sensor are arranged on the flue gas inlet pipeline (1); and a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor are arranged in the ammonia storage tank.
7. The multi-temperature-range composite halide ammonia storage tank structure with the temperature-range adaptive function according to claim 6, further comprising a heating device, wherein the heating device comprises a power supply (3), a relay (4) and a heating belt (18) which are connected end to end in a closed manner;
the heating tape (18) is installed on any one or any plurality of unit tubes.
8. The multi-temperature-range composite halide ammonia storage tank structure with the temperature-range adaptive function according to claim 7, further comprising an electronic control unit (5); the valve, the temperature sensor, the flow sensor, the pressure sensor and the relay (4) are all connected with the electronic control unit (5);
the electronic control unit (5) comprises the following modules:
a signal acquisition module: acquiring detection signals from a temperature sensor, a flow sensor (21), and a pressure sensor:
an action instruction generation module: and generating an action control command according to the detection signal, wherein the action control command can control the valve and the relay (4) to act.
9. The multi-temperature-zone composite halide ammonia storage tank structure with the temperature-zone adaptive function according to claim 1, wherein at least three unit pipes filled with different adsorbents (11) exist among the plurality of unit pipes.
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