CN108487331B - Underground structure anti-floating system integrating gallery drainage and fertilizer groove seepage prevention - Google Patents
Underground structure anti-floating system integrating gallery drainage and fertilizer groove seepage prevention Download PDFInfo
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- CN108487331B CN108487331B CN201810234228.5A CN201810234228A CN108487331B CN 108487331 B CN108487331 B CN 108487331B CN 201810234228 A CN201810234228 A CN 201810234228A CN 108487331 B CN108487331 B CN 108487331B
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011380 pervious concrete Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
- E02D31/10—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution against soil pressure or hydraulic pressure
- E02D31/12—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution against soil pressure or hydraulic pressure against upward hydraulic pressure
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
- E02D31/02—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution against ground humidity or ground water
- E02D31/025—Draining membranes, sheets or fabric specially adapted therefor, e.g. with dimples
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Underground Structures, Protecting, Testing And Restoring Foundations (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an underground structure anti-floating system integrating gallery drainage and fertilizer groove seepage prevention. The technical scheme is as follows: a corridor is formed by a top plate, a bottom plate, a building outer wall and a side concrete window wall, and a fertilizer groove is formed between the building outer wall and the boundary of a foundation pit; a groove is arranged between the bottom plate and the building outer wall, gravel hydrophobic cushion layers are laid under the fertilizer groove, in the groove and under the bottom plate, a geomembrane is arranged between the bottom plate and the gravel hydrophobic cushion layers, and a reverse filter layer is arranged on the right outer side of the side concrete window wall; a ground impermeable layer is laid on the top of the fertilizer tank, a water-stop layer is arranged in the middle of the fertilizer tank and horizontally penetrates through the fertilizer tank, the water-stop layer is connected with a downcomer, the downcomer is embedded closely to the outer wall of the building, and the outlet of the downcomer is arranged in a gravel hydrophobic cushion layer; a water outlet is laid in the building outer wall, a water collecting pipe is laid in the waterproof layer, and the water collecting pipe is connected with the water outlet; the corridor is connected with the water storage pool. The invention can comprehensively and effectively reduce the buoyancy of underground water and improve the anti-floating capacity of the underground structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of civil engineering geotechnical foundations, and particularly relates to an underground structure anti-floating system integrating gallery drainage and fertilizer groove seepage prevention.
Background
Underground anti-floating research has been long, and there are many specific measures for anti-floating: a. the passive anti-floating method includes a structure weight matching method, an anti-floating anchor rod method and an anti-floating pile method. The structure weight method is divided into structure top plate weight, structure bottom plate weight, structure edge-picking weight and the like. But the ground elevation of the underground structure is reduced due to the limitation of the layer height under the condition of structural weight, so that the water buoyancy is increased, and the anti-floating effect is not obvious; relatively speaking, the anti-floating anchor rod and anti-floating pile method cannot increase the water buoyancy, but the method is not suitable for soft rock and soil, the construction cost is increased due to the large quantity demand of the anchor rods and the piles, in addition, the anchor rods and the piles have the problem of corrosivity, and the durability is inferior to the active anti-floating measure. b. The active anti-floating measures comprise adjusting the elevation of the bottom plate, a drainage pressure reduction method, a water insulation pressure reduction method and the like. The active anti-floating measures mainly change the underground water condition, but the influence on the surrounding buildings can be caused, so that the non-uniform settlement of the surrounding buildings is caused; furthermore, underground passageways are prone to blockage and maintenance, and their later maintenance is quite expensive.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an underground structure anti-floating system integrating gallery drainage and fertilizer groove seepage prevention, which can comprehensively and effectively reduce the buoyancy of underground water and improve the anti-floating capacity of an underground structure.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an underground structure anti-floating system integrating drainage of a gallery and seepage prevention of a fertilizer groove, wherein the gallery is formed by a top plate, a bottom plate, a building outer wall and a side concrete window wall, and the fertilizer groove is arranged between the building outer wall and the boundary of a foundation pit; a groove is formed between the bottom plate and the building outer wall, gravel hydrophobic cushion layers are laid below the fertilizer groove, in the groove and below the bottom plate, a geomembrane is arranged between the bottom plate and the gravel hydrophobic cushion layers, and a reverse filter layer is arranged on the right outer side of the side concrete window wall; a ground impermeable layer is paved on the top of the fertilizer tank, a water-stop layer is arranged in the middle of the fertilizer tank and horizontally penetrates through the fertilizer tank, the water-stop layer is connected with a downcomer, the downcomer is embedded closely to the outer wall of the building, and the outlet of the downcomer is arranged in the gravel hydrophobic cushion layer; a water outlet is laid in the building outer wall, a water collecting pipe is laid in the waterproof layer, and the water collecting pipe is connected with the water outlet; the corridor is connected with the water storage pool.
The underground structure anti-floating system integrating the gallery drainage and the fertilizer trough seepage prevention is characterized in that the top plate, the bottom plate and the building outer wall are building main body components, are built by adopting reinforced concrete materials and are connected in a sealing mode during building.
The underground structure anti-floating system integrating the drainage of the gallery and the seepage prevention of the fertilizer trough has the preferred scheme that the side concrete window wall is built by adopting a sand-free permeable concrete material, and underground water enters the gallery from the side concrete window wall.
The underground structure anti-floating system integrating the gallery drainage and the fertilizer trough seepage prevention has the preferred scheme that the inverted filter layer is composed of 2-4 layers of sand, gravels or pebbles with different particle sizes, and the inverted filter layer is constructed once according to the layer and the thickness requirement when laid and tamped by a flat plate vibrator.
The underground structure anti-floating system integrating corridor drainage and fertilizer tank seepage prevention has the preferred scheme that large rubbles are laid on the gravel hydrophobic layer at the groove in a dry mode, the large rubbles are laid horizontally in a layered mode and are arranged in a staggered joint and tightly extruded in a staggered joint mode, and the surfaces of the large rubbles are obliquely arranged towards the direction of the bottom plate from the outer wall of the building.
The underground structure anti-floating system integrating corridor drainage and fertilizer groove seepage prevention has the preferred scheme that the front vertical surface of the waterproof layer is obliquely arranged from the boundary of a foundation pit to the outer wall of the building, the middle of the side vertical surface is concavely arranged, and the side surface forms a smooth arc shape.
The underground structure anti-floating system integrating the gallery drainage and the fertilizer groove seepage prevention is preferably characterized in that the geomembrane is made of synthetic fibers and a composite geomembrane in a composite mode, and the synthetic fibers are made of reinforcing materials.
The underground structure anti-floating system integrating gallery drainage and fertilizer groove seepage prevention has the preferred scheme that the number of the water collecting pipes is four, the water collecting pipes are laid in parallel in the waterproof layer and are symmetrically arranged in pairs, and the outer surfaces of the water collecting pipes are wrapped with filter cloth for filtering silt; the water outlet is used as a checking device for checking whether the fertilizer tank is seeped or not and is used for checking the anti-seepage effect of the ground anti-seepage layer; and the seepage water of the water outlet flows to the large stone and is discharged into the reservoir through the gallery.
The underground structure anti-floating system integrating the gallery drainage and the fertilizer tank seepage prevention into a whole has the preferable scheme that the ground seepage prevention layer is made of a composite lining seepage prevention material consisting of clay and high-density polyethylene; the roof is provided with an anti-seepage joint, the anti-seepage joint is arranged in a lap joint fixing device, the lap joint fixing device is provided with an open slot, one end of the ground anti-seepage layer is provided with a lap joint, and the lap joint is inserted into the open slot and is hooked with the anti-seepage joint; and the other end of the ground impermeable layer is inserted into an original soil layer of the foundation pit boundary and is fixedly sealed.
The underground structure anti-floating system integrating the gallery drainage and the fertilizer trough seepage prevention is preferably characterized in that the lapping and fixing device is made by mixing and pouring concrete and a colloid material.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. compared with passive anti-floating measures, the invention does not need to increase the thickness of the covering soil and the number of anchor rods. One is as follows: the elevation of the bottom plate of the underground structure does not need to be reduced, and the buoyancy of underground water cannot be increased; the second step is as follows: the material cost for manufacturing the anchor rods and the piles and the labor cost for configuring the anchor rods and piling are saved, and simultaneously, holes do not need to be drilled on the bottom plate, so that the strength and the rigidity of the bottom plate of the underground structure are relatively ensured;
2. compared with the active anti-floating measure, the invention arranges the drainage gallery at the periphery of the underground structure, completely does not occupy the space of the underground structure, is independent with the underground main structure, and has no great interference between the drainage gallery and the underground main structure.
3. Compared with the existing drainage anti-floating measures, the invention has the following advantages: 1) has large-area infiltration paths (bottom and side walls) to effectively reduce the slope of underground water and reduce the possibility of blockage; 2) the gallery floor height is equal to the basement floor height, so the inner space is larger, if the sand-free concrete and gravel hydrophobic layer is blocked, a specially-assigned person can be sent into the gallery for maintenance and cleaning, thereby greatly improving the durability; 3) in addition, a drainage ditch is arranged in the gallery to avoid the phenomenon of recharging when the water level in the gallery is higher than that of an underground building.
4. Compared with the common gallery fertilizer groove backfilling treatment, the ground impermeable layer and the reinforcing devices at the two ends of the ground impermeable layer can effectively prevent surface water from permeating into the foundation pit fertilizer groove and the gallery, and excessive maintenance is not needed at the later stage
5. Compared with the common gallery fertilizer groove backfilling treatment, the waterproof layer in the middle of the fertilizer groove is obliquely arranged towards the outer wall of the building, and the seepage-proofing effect of the ground seepage-proofing layer can be checked through the water collecting pipe and the water outlet. If the seepage-proofing effect is not good, namely: the surface water seeping into the fertilizer groove can be intercepted by the waterproof layer and then flows to the right end of the waterproof layer to be discharged into the gravel hydrophobic cushion layer through the sewer pipe. The device greatly compensates the loss caused by the failure of the ground impermeable layer.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an underground structure anti-floating system integrating gallery drainage and fertilizer groove seepage prevention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a water barrier structure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of geomembrane laying;
fig. 4 is a structural view of the lap-joint fixing device.
In the figure: 1-a top plate; 2-side concrete window walls; 3-large rubble; 4-gravel hydrophobic cushion layer; 5-an inverted filter layer; 6-geomembrane; 7-foundation pit boundary; 8-ground impermeable layer; 9-building outer wall; 10-a water barrier layer; 11-a downcomer; 12-backfilling the lower part of the fertilizer tank; 13-backfilling the upper part of the fertilizer groove; 14-a base plate; 15-water outlet; 16-lap joint; 18-water barrier side surface; 19-a water collecting pipe; 20-top surface of water barrier layer; 21-an anti-seepage joint; 22 — lap-joint fixture.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1-4, the uplift pressure of a basement is generally greater than the dead weight of the structure, so that anti-floating treatment is required. The top plate 1, the bottom plate 14, the building outer wall 9 and the side concrete window wall 2 form a gallery, and a continuous gravel hydrophobic cushion layer 4 is laid under the basement bottom plate 14 and extends to the bottom of the gallery, and the thickness of the gravel hydrophobic cushion layer is 400 mm. The function of the hydrophobic bedding course 4 of broken stones is mainly to make the underground water under the bottom plate 14 smoothly flow into the corridor. In order to prevent cement paste from penetrating into the gravel hydrophobic cushion layer 4 when concrete is poured, a geomembrane 6 is arranged at the contact surface of the bottom plate 14 and the gravel hydrophobic cushion layer 4. The corridor adopts a reinforced concrete frame structure. And a water outlet 15 is paved in the middle of the building outer wall 9 and is used for connecting a water collecting pipe 19. The gravel hydrophobic cushion layer 4 is paved into the gallery and forms a whole with the bottom surface of the gallery, and the large stones 3 inclined towards the right side are laid on the gravel hydrophobic cushion layer in a dry mode, so that the walking of maintenance workers can be facilitated, and water in the gravel hydrophobic cushion layer 4 can be smoothly discharged into the gallery. Through the lateral concrete window walls 2, groundwater above the level of the gallery floor can enter the gallery from there. The inverted filter layer 5 arranged on the side surface of the side concrete window wall 2 can prevent silt from blocking the side concrete window wall 2. A reservoir is arranged at the lower end of the elevation of the gallery, and water in the gallery is discharged into the reservoir.
When a gallery foundation pit is backfilled, firstly, stainless steel downcomers 11 are buried at the boundary of a building outer wall 9 to be close to the elevation of a water outlet 15, then, earthwork excavated from the foundation pit is used for backfilling a lower area 12 of a fertilizer groove, the earthwork is filled in layers and compacted until the bottom surface of a water-resisting layer 10, the water-resisting layer 10 is filled by rock soil with very low water permeability, the right vertical surface of the water-resisting layer 10 is obliquely arranged from right to left, the middle of the side vertical surface is concavely arranged, the side surface forms a smooth circular arc shape so as to facilitate discharging seepage water to a broken stone hydrophobic cushion layer 4 on the bottom surface, four water collecting pipes 19 are arranged in the water-resisting layer 10, the outer surfaces of the water collecting pipes 19 are wrapped with filter cloth for filtering silt, and are respectively connected with one.
And finally, continuously filling, compacting and tamping the upper area 13 of the fertilizer tank above the water-resisting layer 10 to the bottom surface of the ground impermeable layer 8 in a layered mode, paving the ground impermeable layer 8 by adopting a composite lining impermeable material consisting of clay and high-density polyethylene, and carrying out layered rolling and tamping compaction during construction. The lap joint 16 at one end of the ground impermeable layer 8 is lapped with the impermeable joint 21 on the top plate 1 and is sealed by a lap joint fixing device 22, and one end of the ground impermeable layer 8 close to the foundation pit boundary 7 is inserted into an original soil layer outside the fertilizer tank and is fixed, pressed and sealed. The lap joint fixing device 22 is made by mixing and pouring concrete and colloid materials to obtain a high-strength fixing structure. In addition, a long-term observation system of the underground water level can be buried in the basement to monitor the drainage and pressure reduction effects.
Claims (10)
1. An underground structure anti-floating system integrating drainage of a gallery and seepage prevention of a fertilizer groove is characterized in that the gallery is formed by a top plate, a bottom plate, a building outer wall and a side concrete window wall, and the fertilizer groove is arranged between the building outer wall and the boundary of a foundation pit; a groove is formed between the bottom plate and the building outer wall, gravel hydrophobic cushion layers are laid below the fertilizer groove, in the groove and below the bottom plate, a geomembrane is laid on the gravel hydrophobic cushion layers, and a reverse filter layer is arranged on the right outer side of the side concrete window wall; a ground impermeable layer is paved on the top of the fertilizer tank, a water-stop layer is arranged in the middle of the fertilizer tank and horizontally penetrates through the fertilizer tank, the water-stop layer is connected with a downcomer, the downcomer is embedded closely to the outer wall of the building, and the outlet of the downcomer is arranged in the gravel hydrophobic cushion layer; a water outlet is laid in the building outer wall, a water collecting pipe is laid in the waterproof layer, and the water collecting pipe is connected with the water outlet; the corridor is connected with the water storage pool.
2. The underground structure anti-floating system integrating corridor drainage and trough seepage prevention as claimed in claim 1, wherein the top plate, the bottom plate and the outer wall of the building are main building components, are constructed by reinforced concrete materials and are hermetically connected during construction.
3. An underground structure anti-floating system integrating corridor drainage and trough seepage prevention according to claim 1, wherein the side concrete window walls are constructed of sand-free pervious concrete material, from which underground water enters the corridor.
4. An underground structure anti-floating system integrating drainage of a gallery and seepage prevention of a fertilizer trough as a whole according to claim 1, wherein the inverted filter layer is composed of 2-4 layers of sand, gravel or pebble with different particle sizes, and when the inverted filter layer is laid, the construction is completed once according to the requirements of layers and thickness, and a flat plate vibrator is adopted for tamping.
5. An anti-floating system of an underground structure integrating drainage of a gallery and seepage prevention of a fertilizer trough as claimed in claim 1, wherein large rubbles are laid on the gravel hydrophobic cushion layer at the groove in a dry mode, the large rubbles are laid horizontally in layers and are arranged in a staggered joint and tightly packed mode, and the surfaces of the large rubbles are arranged from the building outer wall to the bottom plate in an inclined mode.
6. The underground structure anti-floating system integrating corridor drainage and trough seepage prevention as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water-resisting layer front vertical surface is obliquely arranged from the foundation pit boundary to the building outer wall, the side vertical surface is concavely arranged in the middle, and the side surface forms a smooth circular arc shape.
7. An underground structure anti-floating system integrating corridor drainage and fat trough seepage prevention according to claim 1, wherein the geomembrane is made of synthetic fiber and composite geomembrane through compounding, and the synthetic fiber is a reinforcing material.
8. An underground structure anti-floating system integrating corridor drainage and fertilizer trough seepage prevention as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of the water collecting pipes is four, the water collecting pipes are laid in parallel in the water-resisting layer and are symmetrically arranged two by two, and the outer surfaces of the water collecting pipes are wrapped with filter cloth for filtering silt; the water outlet is used as a checking device for checking whether the fertilizer tank is seeped or not and is used for checking the anti-seepage effect of the ground anti-seepage layer; and the seepage water of the water outlet flows to the large stone and is discharged into the reservoir through the gallery.
9. An underground structure anti-floating system integrating corridor drainage and trough seepage prevention as a whole according to claim 1, wherein the ground seepage prevention layer is made of a composite lining seepage prevention material consisting of clay and high-density polyethylene; the roof is provided with an anti-seepage joint, the anti-seepage joint is arranged in a lap joint fixing device, the lap joint fixing device is provided with an open slot, one end of the ground anti-seepage layer is provided with a lap joint, and the lap joint is inserted into the open slot and is hooked with the anti-seepage joint; and the other end of the ground impermeable layer is inserted into an original soil layer of the foundation pit boundary and is fixedly sealed.
10. An underground structure anti-floating system integrating corridor drainage and trough seepage prevention according to claim 1, wherein the lap fixing device is made by mixing and pouring concrete and a colloid material.
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AT409984B (en) * | 1995-09-14 | 2002-12-27 | Baumann Georg | HUMIDITY BARRIER, INSULATING PLATE FOR SUCH A HUMIDITY BARRIER, METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING THE HUMIDITY BARRIER AND GUIDE PIECE FOR USE IN THIS METHOD |
KR101129402B1 (en) * | 2009-05-15 | 2012-03-27 | 홍종인 | under ground water drainage apparatus |
CN203834496U (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2014-09-17 | 华南理工大学 | Drainage gallery |
CN104846841B (en) * | 2015-05-26 | 2017-01-11 | 江苏南通三建集团有限公司 | Anti-floating construction method for basements without uplift piles |
CN106284434A (en) * | 2015-06-05 | 2017-01-04 | 龚展宇 | The anti-float method of a kind of underground structure and every oozing device |
CN105421500B (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2017-04-05 | 同济大学 | It is a kind of based on low-level curtain and the basement anti-floating system of blood pressure lowering of drawing water |
WO2017193226A1 (en) * | 2016-05-09 | 2017-11-16 | 章致一 | Apparatus for controlling hydrostatic pressure under foundation base |
CN207092159U (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2018-03-13 | 成都市建筑设计研究院 | A kind of swelled ground area basement building float Structure |
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Application publication date: 20180904 Assignee: Jilin Sanwei Geotechnical Engineering Co.,Ltd. Assignor: Northeastern University Contract record no.: X2023210000300 Denomination of invention: An underground structure anti floating system that integrates corridor drainage and fertilizer tank anti-seepage Granted publication date: 20200221 License type: Common License Record date: 20231213 |