CN108485765A - 一种含纳米颗粒的环保型微乳切削液 - Google Patents

一种含纳米颗粒的环保型微乳切削液 Download PDF

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CN108485765A
CN108485765A CN201810296332.7A CN201810296332A CN108485765A CN 108485765 A CN108485765 A CN 108485765A CN 201810296332 A CN201810296332 A CN 201810296332A CN 108485765 A CN108485765 A CN 108485765A
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oil
weight
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林伟
江海涛
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Tianchang Runda Metal Antirust Auxiliary Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种含纳米颗粒的环保型微乳切削液，按重量份包含以下组分：脂肪油15‑30份、改性纳米二氧化钛1‑3份、三乙醇胺硼酸脂5‑12份、油酸三乙醇胺4‑10份、硼砂3‑6份、十二烯基丁二酸2‑6份、碱性二壬基苯磺酸钡3‑6份、表面活性剂20‑40份、甲基硅油0.2‑1份，聚氧丙烯甘油醚0.3‑2份、氯化苯甲烃胺1‑3份、乙二醇2‑5份、脂肪酸3‑7份、氨甲基丙醇1‑5份、二乙醇胺1‑5份。本发明润滑、防锈性能优异，使用寿命长且环保无污染。

Description

一种含纳米颗粒的环保型微乳切削液
技术领域
本发明涉及金属加工技术领域，尤其涉及一种含纳米颗粒的环保型微乳切削液。
背景技术
金属切削液是指用于金属切、削、磨、铣等加工过程中常用的一种工业用液体，其可减少刀具与工件之间的摩擦，并及时带走加工区内因摩擦、材料形变产生的热量，从而达到提高加工效率、提高工件精度、降低工件表面粗糙度以及延长刀具寿命的效果。由于切削加工工艺是机械制造业的主要支柱之一，约占机械加工总劳动的30-40％，金属切削液的重要性可见一斑。
切削液的性能取决于它的组成成分，通常把切削液分为非水溶性(油基)液和水溶性(水基)液两大类。油基切削液的润滑性能较好，冷却效果较差。水基切削液与油基切削液相比润滑性能相对较差，冷却效果较好。但是由于油基切削液成本高并且污染相对比较严重，因而有着绿色环保型性能的水基切削液产品是切削液的发展方向，水的来源丰富，且无毒无味，是理想的绿色基础液。水基切削液包括乳化切削液、微乳切削液和合成切削液三种。其中，微乳切削液润滑防锈性优于合成切削液，清洗冷却性优于乳化切削液，它综合了乳化液和合成液的优点，弥补了两者的不足，通用性强，稳定性好，使用寿命长，在发达国家已经普遍使用，是大力研究与推广的环保型切削液种类。目前市售的微乳切削液的防锈性、润滑性、抗菌性、环保性以及使用寿命不够理想，从而限制了其应用。
发明内容
基于背景技术存在的问题，本发明提出了一种含纳米颗粒的环保型微乳切削液，其润滑、防锈性能优异，使用寿命长且环保无污染。
本发明提出了一种含纳米颗粒的环保型微乳切削液，按重量份包含以下组分：脂肪油15-30份、改性纳米二氧化钛1-3份、三乙醇胺硼酸脂5-12份、油酸三乙醇胺4-10份、硼砂3-6份、十二烯基丁二酸2-6份、碱性二壬基苯磺酸钡3-6份、表面活性剂20-40份、甲基硅油0.2-1份，聚氧丙烯甘油醚0.3-2份、氯化苯甲烃胺1-3份、乙二醇2-5份、脂肪酸3-7份、氨甲基丙醇1-5份、二乙醇胺1-5份。
优选地，述的含纳米颗粒的环保型微乳切削液，所述脂肪油选自大豆油、苏紫油、花生油、菜籽油、猪油、鱼油中的至少一种。
优选地，所述改性纳米二氧化钛按如下方法制备：将8重量份干燥的纳米二氧化钛粉末加入到60重量份无水乙醇中，其间不断进行搅拌，得溶液a；然后，将10重量份乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷加入到25重量份的乙醇中进行预水解，得水解液b；之后，将水解液b缓慢加入到溶液a中，搅拌，加热，回流冷凝，反应3h，其间加热温度控制在75℃；反应结束后，通过高速离心的方法去除多余的乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷，进行干燥研磨得到改性纳米二氧化钛。
优选地，所述表面活性剂为烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、吐温80、十二烷基苯磺酸按重量比7：13：9组成。
优选地，所述的含纳米颗粒的环保型微乳切削液，按重量份包含以下组分：脂肪油20-28份、改性纳米二氧化钛1-2份、三乙醇胺硼酸脂7-10份、油酸三乙醇胺5-8份、硼砂4-5份、十二烯基丁二酸3-5份、碱性二壬基苯磺酸钡4-6份、表面活性剂25-35份、甲基硅油0.3-0.8份，聚氧丙烯甘油醚0.5-1.5份、氯化苯甲烃胺2-3份、乙二醇3-5份、脂肪酸4-6份、氨甲基丙醇2-5份、二乙醇胺2-4份。
优选地，所述的含纳米颗粒的环保型微乳切削液，按重量份包含以下组分：脂肪油25份、改性纳米二氧化钛2份、三乙醇胺硼酸脂9份、油酸三乙醇胺7份、硼砂5份、十二烯基丁二酸4份、碱性二壬基苯磺酸钡5份、表面活性剂30份、甲基硅油0.5份，聚氧丙烯甘油醚1份、氯化苯甲烃胺2份、乙二醇4份、脂肪酸5份、氨甲基丙醇3份、二乙醇胺4份。
本发明以脂肪油作为基础油，使得脂肪油分子能在金属表面形成分子吸附膜，进而显著提高减摩性能，从而降低切削时的摩擦阻力，并且脂肪油为天然动植物油，易于降解，对环境友好；在本发明中，纳米二氧化钛经过乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷改性后可以在切削液中均匀分散形成一种稳定的分散体系，切削液中每升含有数百万个超细粉末颗粒，它们与金属表面结合，形成一个保护层，同时填塞微凹坑，从而降低摩擦与磨损，进一步提高了切削液的润滑性能，也在一定程度上提高了设备的使用寿命；本发明将三乙醇胺硼酸脂、油酸三乙醇胺和硼砂复配作为极压润滑剂，三乙醇胺硼酸脂具有油膜强度高、摩擦系数低等特点，其单独作为润滑剂使用时，润滑效果有限，而油酸三乙醇胺本身也是一种很好的水溶性润滑剂，且和硼砂、三乙醇胺硼酸脂复合使用时，有协同作用满足了切削加工对润滑、减摩、承载能力的要求；本发明以十二烯基丁二酸、碱性二壬基苯磺酸钡为防锈剂，由于十二烯基丁二酸、碱性二壬基苯磺酸钡中极性基团的存在，它们能在金属表面形成薄而牢固的油膜，阻止腐蚀介质与金属接触，保护金属不被锈蚀和腐蚀；本发明的表面活性剂以烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、吐温80、十二烷基苯磺酸相互配合，并与脂肪油以合适比例相互配合，能形成稳定的微乳液，保证本发明在具有均一外观和适中粘度的同时，避免了表面张力高、渗透性低的问题，使得本发明具有较低的表面张力和良好的渗透性；并且烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、吐温80、十二烷基苯磺酸与甲基硅油，聚氧丙烯甘油醚相互配合，使得本发明具有良好的低泡性并具有很低的表面张力，从而进一步增加本发明的渗透性；最后本发明加入氯化苯甲烃胺、乙二醇、脂肪酸、氨甲基丙醇、二乙醇胺，可以抗菌、防腐，提高微乳切削液的热力学稳定性、润滑性以及显著提高切削液体系的碱度稳定性。本发明以脂肪油复配改性纳米二氧化钛、极压剂润滑剂、防锈剂、表面活性剂、消泡剂、杀菌剂、助乳剂、pH调节剂，使其在加工过程中具有良好的润滑、抗磨、防锈和清洗功能，并且不起泡、切屑移除性好、不腐不臭、绿色环保、使用寿命长，因此加工后的工件表面粗糙度低、无有机物残留，并且放置长时间不返锈，从而可以很好满足对金属的切削加工要求。
具体实施方式
下面，通过具体实施例对本发明技术方案进行详细说明。
实施例1
一种含纳米颗粒的环保型微乳切削液，按重量份包含以下组分：脂肪油15份、改性纳米二氧化钛3份、三乙醇胺硼酸脂5份、油酸三乙醇胺10份、硼砂3份、十二烯基丁二酸6份、碱性二壬基苯磺酸钡3份、表面活性剂40份、甲基硅油0.2份，聚氧丙烯甘油醚2份、氯化苯甲烃胺1份、乙二醇5份、脂肪酸3份、氨甲基丙醇5份、二乙醇胺1份。
所述改性纳米二氧化钛按如下方法制备：将8重量份干燥的纳米二氧化钛粉末加入到60重量份无水乙醇中，其间不断进行搅拌，得溶液a；然后，将10重量份乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷加入到25重量份的乙醇中进行预水解，得水解液b；之后，将水解液b缓慢加入到溶液a中，搅拌，加热，回流冷凝，反应3h，其间加热温度控制在75℃；反应结束后，通过高速离心的方法去除多余的乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷，进行干燥研磨得到改性纳米二氧化钛。
实施例2
一种含纳米颗粒的环保型微乳切削液，按重量份包含以下组分：脂肪油30份、改性纳米二氧化钛1份、三乙醇胺硼酸脂12份、油酸三乙醇胺4份、硼砂6份、十二烯基丁二酸2份、碱性二壬基苯磺酸钡6份、表面活性剂20份、甲基硅油1份，聚氧丙烯甘油醚0.3份、氯化苯甲烃胺3份、乙二醇2份、脂肪酸7份、氨甲基丙醇1份、二乙醇胺5份。
所述改性纳米二氧化钛按如下方法制备：将8重量份干燥的纳米二氧化钛粉末加入到60重量份无水乙醇中，其间不断进行搅拌，得溶液a；然后，将10重量份乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷加入到25重量份的乙醇中进行预水解，得水解液b；之后，将水解液b缓慢加入到溶液a中，搅拌，加热，回流冷凝，反应3h，其间加热温度控制在75℃；反应结束后，通过高速离心的方法去除多余的乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷，进行干燥研磨得到改性纳米二氧化钛。
实施例3
一种含纳米颗粒的环保型微乳切削液，按重量份包含以下组分：脂肪油20份、改性纳米二氧化钛2份、三乙醇胺硼酸脂7份、油酸三乙醇胺8份、硼砂4份、十二烯基丁二酸5份、碱性二壬基苯磺酸钡4份、表面活性剂35份、甲基硅油0.3份，聚氧丙烯甘油醚1.5份、氯化苯甲烃胺2份、乙二醇5份、脂肪酸4份、氨甲基丙醇5份、二乙醇胺2份。
所述改性纳米二氧化钛按如下方法制备：将8重量份干燥的纳米二氧化钛粉末加入到60重量份无水乙醇中，其间不断进行搅拌，得溶液a；然后，将10重量份乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷加入到25重量份的乙醇中进行预水解，得水解液b；之后，将水解液b缓慢加入到溶液a中，搅拌，加热，回流冷凝，反应3h，其间加热温度控制在75℃；反应结束后，通过高速离心的方法去除多余的乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷，进行干燥研磨得到改性纳米二氧化钛。
实施例4
一种含纳米颗粒的环保型微乳切削液，按重量份包含以下组分：脂肪油28份、改性纳米二氧化钛1份、三乙醇胺硼酸脂10份、油酸三乙醇胺5份、硼砂5份、十二烯基丁二酸3份、碱性二壬基苯磺酸钡6份、表面活性剂25份、甲基硅油0.8份，聚氧丙烯甘油醚0.5份、氯化苯甲烃胺3份、乙二醇3份、脂肪酸6份、氨甲基丙醇2份、二乙醇胺4份。
所述改性纳米二氧化钛按如下方法制备：将8重量份干燥的纳米二氧化钛粉末加入到60重量份无水乙醇中，其间不断进行搅拌，得溶液a；然后，将10重量份乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷加入到25重量份的乙醇中进行预水解，得水解液b；之后，将水解液b缓慢加入到溶液a中，搅拌，加热，回流冷凝，反应3h，其间加热温度控制在75℃；反应结束后，通过高速离心的方法去除多余的乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷，进行干燥研磨得到改性纳米二氧化钛。
实施例5
一种含纳米颗粒的环保型微乳切削液，按重量份包含以下组分：脂肪油25份、改性纳米二氧化钛2份、三乙醇胺硼酸脂9份、油酸三乙醇胺7份、硼砂5份、十二烯基丁二酸4份、碱性二壬基苯磺酸钡5份、表面活性剂30份、甲基硅油0.5份，聚氧丙烯甘油醚1份、氯化苯甲烃胺2份、乙二醇4份、脂肪酸5份、氨甲基丙醇3份、二乙醇胺4份。
所述改性纳米二氧化钛按如下方法制备：将8重量份干燥的纳米二氧化钛粉末加入到60重量份无水乙醇中，其间不断进行搅拌，得溶液a；然后，将10重量份乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷加入到25重量份的乙醇中进行预水解，得水解液b；之后，将水解液b缓慢加入到溶液a中，搅拌，加热，回流冷凝，反应3h，其间加热温度控制在75℃；反应结束后，通过高速离心的方法去除多余的乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷，进行干燥研磨得到改性纳米二氧化钛。
对实施例1-5制备得到的切削液进行性能测试，结果如下：
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

1.一种含纳米颗粒的环保型微乳切削液，其特征在于，按重量份包含以下组分：脂肪油15-30份、改性纳米二氧化钛1-3份、三乙醇胺硼酸脂5-12份、油酸三乙醇胺4-10份、硼砂3-6份、十二烯基丁二酸2-6份、碱性二壬基苯磺酸钡3-6份、表面活性剂20-40份、甲基硅油0.2-1份，聚氧丙烯甘油醚0.3-2份、氯化苯甲烃胺1-3份、乙二醇2-5份、脂肪酸3-7份、氨甲基丙醇1-5份、二乙醇胺1-5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的含纳米颗粒的环保型微乳切削液，其特征在于，所述脂肪油选自大豆油、苏紫油、花生油、菜籽油、猪油、鱼油中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的含纳米颗粒的环保型微乳切削液，其特征在于，所述改性纳米二氧化钛按如下方法制备：将8重量份干燥的纳米二氧化钛粉末加入到60重量份无水乙醇中，其间不断进行搅拌，得溶液a；然后，将10重量份乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷加入到25重量份的乙醇中进行预水解，得水解液b；之后，将水解液b缓慢加入到溶液a中，搅拌，加热，回流冷凝，反应3h，其间加热温度控制在75℃；反应结束后，通过高速离心的方法去除多余的乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷，进行干燥研磨得到改性纳米二氧化钛。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的含纳米颗粒的环保型微乳切削液，其特征在于，所述表面活性剂为烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、吐温80、十二烷基苯磺酸按重量比7：13：9组成。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的含纳米颗粒的环保型微乳切削液，其特征在于，按重量份包含以下组分：脂肪油20-28份、改性纳米二氧化钛1-2份、三乙醇胺硼酸脂7-10份、油酸三乙醇胺5-8份、硼砂4-5份、十二烯基丁二酸3-5份、碱性二壬基苯磺酸钡4-6份、表面活性剂25-35份、甲基硅油0.3-0.8份，聚氧丙烯甘油醚0.5-1.5份、氯化苯甲烃胺2-3份、乙二醇3-5份、脂肪酸4-6份、氨甲基丙醇2-5份、二乙醇胺2-4份。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的含纳米颗粒的环保型微乳切削液，其特征在于，按重量份包含以下组分：脂肪油25份、改性纳米二氧化钛2份、三乙醇胺硼酸脂9份、油酸三乙醇胺7份、硼砂5份、十二烯基丁二酸4份、碱性二壬基苯磺酸钡5份、表面活性剂30份、甲基硅油0.5份，聚氧丙烯甘油醚1份、氯化苯甲烃胺2份、乙二醇4份、脂肪酸5份、氨甲基丙醇3份、二乙醇胺4份。
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CN110218606A (zh) * 2019-06-27 2019-09-10 合肥工业大学 金属切削加工用高浓度纳米二氧化钛水润滑液的制备方法

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