CN108483934B - Tungsten bronze/silica gel heat insulation functional material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Tungsten bronze/silica gel heat insulation functional material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108483934B
CN108483934B CN201810270924.1A CN201810270924A CN108483934B CN 108483934 B CN108483934 B CN 108483934B CN 201810270924 A CN201810270924 A CN 201810270924A CN 108483934 B CN108483934 B CN 108483934B
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tungsten bronze
silica gel
functional material
coating
silicon dioxide
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CN108483934A (en
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林保平
王淑敏
孙莹
张雪勤
杨洪
胡慕
刘沙沙
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Southeast University
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Southeast University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/006Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with materials of composite character
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2217/00Coatings on glass
    • C03C2217/20Materials for coating a single layer on glass
    • C03C2217/21Oxides
    • C03C2217/23Mixtures
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2218/00Methods for coating glass
    • C03C2218/10Deposition methods
    • C03C2218/11Deposition methods from solutions or suspensions

Abstract

The invention discloses a tungsten bronze/silicon dioxide heat insulation functional material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the functional material is prepared by compounding 100% of silicon dioxide and 10-15% of tungsten bronze by mass as main raw materials; the preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing transparent silicon dioxide gel under the catalysis of a catalyst by a sol-gel method, and aging, diluting and filtering the transparent silicon dioxide gel for later use; dispersing the functional tungsten bronze nanoparticles in liquid alcohol, grinding and ultrasonically treating for several times, and then mixing and stirring with silicon dioxide gel; the obtained functional coating is coated on a glass sheet, dried and sintered, and then the spin coating is repeated until the film thickness reaches the required thickness. Compared with the common organic film, the functional film prepared by the method keeps good near-infrared shielding performance and obviously improves the thermal stability.

Description

Tungsten bronze/silica gel heat insulation functional material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of transparent layers, and particularly relates to a tungsten bronze/silica gel heat-insulating functional material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Along with the great increase of the building area in China, the problem of building energy consumption is more and more serious, and great pressure is caused on energy supply and ecological environment. At present, the building energy consumption of China accounts for about 30% of the total social energy consumption. Among these energy consumptions, heating energy consumption in the northern winter and air conditioning energy consumption in the southern summer account for a major part. The area of the door and window glass accounts for about 30% of the area of the peripheral structure of the building, the door and window glass is a main channel for exchanging energy between the building and the environment and is a main part causing energy consumption of the building, and the energy dissipation accounts for about 2/3 of the total energy consumption of the building. The transparent heat-insulating material can shield the radiation of near infrared light (wavelength range of 1000-2500nm) on the premise of keeping visible light collection and transparent vision, thereby reducing the intake of solar energy, effectively reducing the energy consumption of an air conditioner in summer, reducing the outward diffusion of indoor heat in winter and realizing the purpose of building energy conservation.
In recent years, research on blocking near infrared light by dispersing nanoparticles in a transparent coating has been greatly advanced, and application of the transparent coating to glass of buildings or automobiles can reduce energy consumption of air conditioners, thereby reducing emission of greenhouse gases. The traditional energy-saving window (electrochromic glass, gasochromic glass and the like) has a complex structure and sometimes needs energy input, and the transparent coating dispersed with the near-infrared isolation nano particles is relatively simple and has higher efficiency in the aspect of energy saving.
The near infrared shielding material generally refers to a kind of functional thin film material which has strong absorption or reflection of near infrared light without affecting the visible light transmission. The widely known near-infrared shielding nano materials include the following types: noble metals (Ag, Au, etc.), semiconductor oxides (ATO, ITO, etc.), rare earth hexaboride (LaB6, PrB6, NdB 6). The surface plasmon resonance enables the nano materials to have the property of shielding near infrared, but each of them has advantages and disadvantages: a film containing noble metal particles has a low transmittance in the visible light region; ATO and ITO are relatively stable and have high transmittance in a visible light region, but can only effectively shield near infrared light with the wavelength of more than 1500 nm; the hexaboride heat insulating material can only shield near infrared light with a certain wavelength, and the rare earth hexaboride has high hardness and must be ground in the preparation process.
Tungsten bronze (M)xWO3M is Na + or K+,Rb+,Cs+And NH4 +) As the most promising heat shielding material, it has been reported in recent years that it has a high visible light transmittance and can shield near infrared light having a wavelength of more than 1000nm, thereby having more excellent near infrared shielding performance. In the prior art, Chinese patent CN104528829A discloses a preparation method of cesium tungsten bronze powder; chinese patent CN104726040A discloses a preparation method of PVB slurry containing tungsten bronze; xiaoyong Wu et al (nanoscale.2015.7(40):17048-17054.) prepared novel CsxWO3The coating material for the/ZnO intelligent window not only has excellent heat-insulating property, but also can catalyze and decompose the air under the action of lightHarmful NO gas, but the process is relatively complex; in addition, Jingxiao Liu et al (Applied Surface science.2014.309: 175-.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing problems, the invention aims to provide a tungsten bronze/silica gel heat-insulating functional material and a preparation method thereof; the invention aims to prepare the transparent heat-insulating coating with excellent performance, optimize the manufacturing process, improve the thermal stability of the transparent coating and reduce the application cost.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the tungsten bronze/silicon dioxide gel heat insulation functional material is prepared by compounding 100 mass percent of silicon dioxide and 10-15 mass percent of tungsten bronze with silicon dioxide and tungsten bronze as main raw materials.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the silica is prepared by a sol-gel method using a catalyst, and the catalyst is selected from any one of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and ammonia water.
The preparation method of the tungsten bronze/silica gel heat insulation functional material comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing and stirring tetraethoxysilane and absolute ethyl alcohol according to the volume ratio of 1:1, heating and refluxing, adding a catalyst, continuously refluxing and reacting for 2 hours at 70-80 ℃, hermetically aging for more than 24 hours at room temperature after the reaction is finished, diluting with liquid alcohol, stirring, and filtering by using a microporous filtering membrane to obtain silicon dioxide gel;
(2) weighing tungsten bronze nanoparticles, dispersing the tungsten bronze nanoparticles in ethanol, grinding and ultrasonically treating the tungsten bronze nanoparticles respectively, and then stirring and mixing the tungsten bronze nanoparticles and the silica gel to obtain a functional coating;
(3) coating the functional coating obtained in the step (2) on a clean glass substrate, naturally drying at room temperature, and heating to 200 ℃ at a heating rate of 1 ℃/min for sintering;
(4) and (4) repeating the step (3) until the film obtained on the glass substrate reaches the required thickness.
As a preferred technical scheme of the application, the tungsten bronze nanoparticles in the step (2) are CsxWO3, and the specific preparation method is as follows:
(1) dissolving tungsten chloride in absolute ethyl alcohol, violently stirring to obtain a light yellow solution, then adding cesium hydroxide monohydrate, and adding acetic acid after the solutions are uniformly mixed;
(2) transferring the obtained precursor solution into a high-pressure reaction kettle, and reacting at 160-240 ℃; and (3) centrifugally separating the obtained dark blue product, washing with water and ethanol respectively, and finally drying in vacuum to obtain the dark blue product.
As a preferred technical solution of the present application, the glass substrate in the step (3) is firstly ultrasonically cleaned by absolute ethyl alcohol, then cleaned by sulfuric acid, subjected to surface hydroxylation, and finally ultrasonically cleaned by deionized water.
As a preferred technical scheme of the application, the catalyst in the step (1) is hydrochloric acid, and the concentration is 0.01 mol/L.
As a preferred technical scheme of the application, the alcohol selected in the step (1) is ethanol or ethylene glycol.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the coating method in the step (3) is a spin coating method or a dipping method.
Preferably, the spin coating is carried out at a speed of 3000r/min for a period of 20 s.
Compared with the prior art, the tungsten bronze/silica gel heat insulation functional material and the preparation method thereof provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention prepares the functional film by compounding the silicon dioxide gel and the tungsten bronze on the glass substrate, because of SiO2The gel film is smooth and compact and has few defects, and compared with a common organic film, the sintered silicon dioxide film has better thermal stability;
(2) the invention explores the preparation of SiO through experiments2On the basis of the optimal process of the gel film, the proportion of silicon dioxide and tungsten bronze nanoparticles is changed, and finally the transmittance of near-infrared light with the wavelength of 1200nm in tungsten bronze is reduced from 90% to 10%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the UV-Vis-NIR spectra of glass coated with a tungsten bronze/silica gel functional film. Wherein curve a represents the near infrared shielding performance of example 1; curve b shows the near infrared shielding performance of example 2; curve c shows the near infrared shielding performance of example 3; curve d is the transmittance curve for the blank silica gel coating;
fig. 2 is an SEM image (1200X, 100000X from left to right) of the tungsten bronze/silica gel functional thin film of example 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by manufacturers, and are regarded as conventional products which can be purchased in the market.
Example 1:
(1) mixing and stirring 5ml of ethyl orthosilicate and 5ml of absolute ethyl alcohol, heating and refluxing, then dropwise adding 1.61ml of 0.1mol/L diluted hydrochloric acid, and continuing to perform reflux reaction at 70 ℃ for 2 hours; sealing and aging at room temperature for 24h after the reaction is finished, diluting with ethanol with the volume ratio of 1:3, stirring for 10min, and filtering with a 0.2um microporous filtering membrane to obtain SiO2Gelling;
(2) weighing 0.05g CsxWO3Dispersing the nanoparticles in ethanol, grinding, ultrasonic treating for 3 times, and mixing with SiO2Stirring and mixing the gel, and CsxWO3The mass fraction of the functional coating is 10 percent to obtain the functional coating;
(3) taking a clean glass substrate, and spin-coating a functional coating on the glass substrate; the spin coating speed is 3000r/min, and the time is 20 s; naturally drying the glass plate coated with the functional film at room temperature, and then heating to 200 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/min for sintering;
(4) repeating the step 3 until the film on the glass plate reaches the required thickness; and finally testing the near infrared shielding performance of the glass.
The transmittance curve of the glass coating prepared by the method is shown as curve a in fig. 1, the visible light transmittance is 52%, and the near infrared light transmittance is about 17%.
Example 2:
(1) Mixing and stirring 5ml of ethyl orthosilicate and 5ml of absolute ethyl alcohol, heating and refluxing, then dropwise adding 1.61ml of 0.1mol/L diluted hydrochloric acid, and continuing to perform reflux reaction at 80 ℃ for 2 hours; sealing and aging at room temperature for 24h after the reaction is finished, diluting with ethanol with the volume ratio of 1:2, stirring for 10min, and filtering with a 0.2um microporous filtering membrane to obtain SiO2Gelling;
(2) weighing 0.05g of tungsten bronze nanoparticles, dispersing in ethanol, grinding and performing ultrasonic treatment for 3 times respectively, and mixing with SiO2Stirring and mixing the gel, and CsxWO3The mass fraction of the functional coating is 15 percent to obtain the functional coating;
(3) taking a clean glass substrate, and spin-coating a functional coating on the glass substrate; the spin coating speed is 2000r/min, and the time is 20 s; naturally drying the glass plate coated with the functional film at room temperature, and then heating to 200 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/min for sintering;
(4) repeating the step 3 until the film on the glass plate reaches the required thickness; and finally testing the near infrared shielding performance of the glass.
The transmittance curve of the glass coating prepared by the method is shown as curve b in fig. 1, the visible light transmittance is 63%, and the near infrared light transmittance is about 7%.
Example 3:
(1) mixing and stirring 5ml of ethyl orthosilicate and 5ml of absolute ethyl alcohol, heating and refluxing, then dropwise adding 1.61ml of 0.1mol/L diluted hydrochloric acid, and continuing to perform reflux reaction at 70 ℃ for 2 hours; sealing and aging at room temperature for 24h after the reaction is finished, diluting with ethanol with the volume ratio of 1:3, stirring for 10min, and filtering with a 0.2um microporous filtering membrane to obtain SiO2Gelling;
(2) weighing 0.05g of tungsten bronze nanoparticles, dispersing in ethanol, grinding and performing ultrasonic treatment for 3 times respectively, and mixing with SiO2Stirring and mixing the gel, and CsxWO3The mass fraction of the functional coating is 15 percent to obtain the functional coating;
(3) taking a clean glass substrate, and spin-coating a functional coating on the glass substrate; the spin coating speed is 3000r/min, and the time is 20 s; naturally drying the glass plate coated with the functional film at room temperature, and then heating to 200 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/min for sintering;
(4) repeating the step 3 until the film on the glass plate reaches the required thickness; and finally testing the near infrared shielding performance of the glass.
The transmittance curve of the glass coating prepared by the method is shown as a curve c in fig. 1, the visible light transmittance is 71%, and the near infrared light transmittance is about 6%; the scanning electron micrograph of the coating on the glass plate is shown in fig. 2, and it can be seen that the coating is smooth and dense and has few defects.
Example 4:
(1) mixing and stirring 5ml of ethyl orthosilicate and 5ml of absolute ethyl alcohol, heating and refluxing, then dropwise adding 1.61ml of 0.1mol/L diluted hydrochloric acid, and continuing to perform reflux reaction at 70 ℃ for 2 hours; after the reaction is finished, sealing and aging at room temperature for 24h, diluting with ethanol with the volume ratio of 1:3, stirring for 10min, and filtering with a 0.2um microporous filtering membrane to obtain silicon dioxide gel;
(2) taking a clean glass substrate, and spin-coating silicon dioxide gel on the glass substrate; the spin coating speed is 3000r/min, and the time is 20 s; naturally drying the glass plate coated with the functional film at room temperature, and then heating to 200 ℃ at the heating rate of 1 ℃/min for sintering;
(4) repeating the step 3 until the film on the glass plate reaches the required thickness; and finally testing the near infrared shielding performance of the glass.
The transmittance curve of the glass coating only coated with silica gel prepared by the method is shown as a curve d in figure 1, the visible light transmittance is close to 90%, the near-infrared light transmittance is higher than 90%, wherein peaks appearing between 800 and 900nm are generated by automatically switching a light source by an instrument during measurement.
The protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Variations and advantages that may occur to those skilled in the art may be incorporated into the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the inventive concept and the scope of the appended claims is intended to be protected.

Claims (8)

1. The tungsten bronze/silica gel heat-insulating functional material is characterized by being prepared by compounding 100 parts by mass of silica and 10-15 parts by mass of tungsten bronze by taking silica and tungsten bronze as main raw materials and specifically comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing and stirring tetraethoxysilane and absolute ethyl alcohol according to the volume ratio of 1:1, heating and refluxing, adding a catalyst, continuously refluxing and reacting for 2 hours at 70-80 ℃, hermetically aging for more than 24 hours at room temperature after the reaction is finished, diluting with liquid alcohol, stirring, and filtering by using a microporous filtering membrane to obtain silicon dioxide gel;
(2) weighing tungsten bronze nanoparticles, dispersing the tungsten bronze nanoparticles in ethanol, grinding and ultrasonically treating the tungsten bronze nanoparticles respectively, and then stirring and mixing the tungsten bronze nanoparticles and the silica gel to obtain a functional coating;
(3) coating the clean glass substrate with the functional coating obtained in the step (2), naturally drying at room temperature, and then heating and sintering;
(4) and (4) repeating the step (3) until the film obtained on the glass substrate reaches the required thickness.
2. The tungsten bronze/silica gel thermal insulation functional material according to claim 1, wherein the silica is prepared by a sol-gel method using a catalyst selected from any one of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or ammonia water.
3. The tungsten bronze/silica gel thermal insulation functional material according to claim 1, wherein the tungsten bronze nanoparticles in step (2) are CsxWO3The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving tungsten chloride in absolute ethyl alcohol, violently stirring to obtain a light yellow solution, then adding cesium hydroxide monohydrate, and adding acetic acid after the solutions are uniformly mixed;
(2) transferring the obtained precursor solution into a high-pressure reaction kettle, and reacting at 160-240 ℃; and (3) centrifugally separating the obtained dark blue product, washing with water and ethanol respectively, and finally drying in vacuum to obtain the dark blue product.
4. The tungsten bronze/silica gel heat-insulating functional material according to claim 1, wherein the glass substrate in the step (3) is firstly cleaned by absolute ethyl alcohol in an ultrasonic mode, then cleaned by sulfuric acid, hydroxylated on the surface, and finally cleaned by deionized water in an ultrasonic mode.
5. The tungsten bronze/silica gel thermal insulation functional material according to claim 1, wherein the catalyst in the step (1) is hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 0.01 mol/L.
6. The tungsten bronze/silica gel heat-insulating functional material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the alcohol used in step (1) is ethanol or ethylene glycol.
7. The tungsten bronze/silica gel heat-insulating functional material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coating method in the step (3) is a spin coating method or a dipping method.
8. The tungsten bronze/silica gel heat insulating functional material as claimed in claim 7, wherein the spin coating is performed at 3000r/min for 20 s.
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