CN108480629B - 一种汽轮机空心叶片的激光增材制造方法 - Google Patents
一种汽轮机空心叶片的激光增材制造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108480629B CN108480629B CN201810244004.2A CN201810244004A CN108480629B CN 108480629 B CN108480629 B CN 108480629B CN 201810244004 A CN201810244004 A CN 201810244004A CN 108480629 B CN108480629 B CN 108480629B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- blade
- laser
- metal substrate
- steam turbine
- additive manufacturing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 29
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010963 304 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005237 degreasing agent Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
-
- B22F1/0003—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/32—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/10—Auxiliary heating means
- B22F12/17—Auxiliary heating means to heat the build chamber or platform
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/04—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of turbine blades
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/055—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 20% but less than 30%
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/07—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种汽轮机空心叶片的激光增材制造方法,属于汽轮机技术领域,包括如下步骤:将金属基板加工平整,擦拭除油,并预热;利用切片软件将空心叶片的几何模型分层处理为若干二维切片,获得各个分层截面的扫描数据并导入激光3D打印设备;采用气动送粉器将金属粉末送入同轴熔覆头中;调整半导体激光器功率为2000~5000W,激光束斑宽度为2~10mm,扫描速度为300~2000mm/min,搭接率为30~60%;在惰性气体保护下,在所述金属基板上进行逐层熔覆,直至完成整个叶片的增材制造;将制造后的叶片冷却至室温,去掉所述金属基板,即得到汽轮机空心叶片。本发明实现了薄壁、空心汽轮机叶片的激光增材快速制造。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于汽轮机技术领域,尤其涉及一种汽轮机空心叶片的激光增材制造方法。
背景技术
汽轮机空心叶片因具有中空疏水结构而大幅提高了叶片的耐腐蚀性能、蒸汽效率,同时又因其质量轻、材料利用率高、成本低等优势而成为未来叶片的发展方向,广泛应用于各类超临界及超超临界汽轮机组。
汽轮机空心叶片由进汽边、内弧、背弧和出汽边四部分组成,叶片壁厚不均匀,内弧、背弧不同部位的弯曲程度不同,整体形状复杂,尺寸精度要求很高,因此汽轮机空心叶片制造技术是汽轮机的核心技术,目前主要采用焊接技术制造。
中国发明专利CN201110119108.9公开了一种汽轮机空心静叶的自动化焊接方法,采用焊接机器人联合熔化极气体保护焊焊接设备对汽轮机空心静叶的出汽边、进汽边进行摆弧工艺焊接,首先将空心静叶的内、背弧薄板装配到夹具上,焊接出气边的第一道摆弧焊缝,再进行进气边和出气边其他焊缝的摆弧焊接,制备空心叶片。
中国发明专利CN201310431142.9公开了一种汽轮机空心静叶片冷金属过渡三段焊接方法,采用冷金属过渡三段焊接方法,即点焊进气边,点焊出气边,冷却至室温后,再采用冷金属过渡方法全焊进气边,全焊出气边,而进气边背弧面焊缝和进气边内弧面焊缝采用三段式焊接,该方法目的是降低热输入量、降低残余应力和变形、提高焊件质量稳定性。
以上现有技术中,均采用焊接技术制备汽轮机空心叶片,但焊接技术本身存在着一定的技术瓶颈,首先对产品一致性要求极为苛刻,要求内、背弧薄板的加工成型精度极高,由于内、背弧薄板在冲压及坡口铣削过程容易存在较大的偏差,使得空心静叶在焊前的状态,如坡口几何尺寸焊接过程中会导致焊接渗透不足、坡口底部未熔合、焊缝不平整、甚至出现焊接空洞等焊接缺陷。而且焊接技术工艺极其复杂,需要多道焊接,热输入量大,残余应力大,导致叶片变形大,成品率降低。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是:提供一种汽轮机空心叶片的激光增材制造方法,以解决传统焊接技术制造汽轮机空心叶片,易出现成型质量和焊接变形难以控制的技术问题,可用于汽轮机动、静空心叶片的快速制造。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明的技术方案是:一种汽轮机空心叶片的激光增材制造方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将金属基板加工平整,擦拭除油,并预热;
(2)利用切片软件将空心叶片的几何模型分层处理为若干二维切片,获得各个分层截面的扫描数据并导入激光3D打印设备;
(3)采用气动送粉器将金属粉末送入同轴熔覆头中,送粉量为10~50g/min;
(4)调整半导体激光器功率为2000~5000W,激光束斑宽度为2~10mm,扫描速度为300~2000mm/min,搭接率为30~60%;
(5)在惰性气体保护下,在所述金属基板上进行逐层熔覆,直至完成整个叶片的增材制造;
(6)将制造后的叶片冷却至室温,去掉所述金属基板,即得到所述的汽轮机空心叶片。
作为一种改进,所述金属粉末为Fe基、Ni基或Co基中的一种或多种金属粉末,粒度分布为20~150μm。
作为进一步的改进,所述Fe基粉末的组成元素及所占的质量百分比分别为:
Ni:4-10%,Cr:14-19%,C:0.08-0.15%,Mn:2-4%,Si:1-2%,B:1-2%,Nb:2-4%,Fe为余量。
作为进一步的改进,所述Ni基粉末的组成元素及所占的质量百分比分别为:
Cr:20-25%,C:0.03-0.08%,Mo:9-13%,Si:0.5-1%,B:0.8-1.2%,Nb:4-6%,Ni为余量。
作为进一步的改进,所述Co基粉末的组成元素及所占的质量百分比分别为:
Cr:25-30%,C:0.1-0.15%,W:5-10%,Si:1.2-1.8%,B:0.8-1.2%,Mo:1-3%,Ni:3-5%,Mn:0.5-1.2%,Fe:2-4%,Co为余量。
作为一种改进,所述金属基板厚度为50-100mm。
作为一种改进,在步骤(1)中,采用丙酮擦拭除油,并将所述金属基板预热至300℃。
作为一种改进,在步骤(6)中,将制造后的叶片采用保温棉包好、缓慢冷却至室温。
采用了上述技术方案后,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明利用激光熔覆3D打印技术成形复杂零部件方面的优势,借助于计算机设计出的三维模型,通过逐层打印一体化制造出汽轮机复杂形状空心叶片,避开了焊接技术焊前对各部件一致性的要求,解决了焊接技术热输入量大,焊接变形难以控制,成品率低等技术难题,实现了薄壁、空心汽轮机叶片的激光增材快速制造。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例提供的的汽轮机空心叶片多层环状结构示意图;
图2为Fe基合金粉末激光3D打印后金相显微组织形貌图;
图3为Ni基合金粉末激光3D打印后金相显微组织形貌图;
图4为Co基合金粉末激光3D打印后金相显微组织形貌图;
图5为Fe基合金粉末激光3D打印构件的盐雾腐蚀形貌图;
图6为Ni基合金粉末激光3D打印构件的盐雾腐蚀形貌图;
图7为Co基合金粉末激光3D打印构件的盐雾腐蚀形貌图;
图中:1-金属基板,2-叶片。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例一
如图1所示,一种汽轮机空心叶片的激光增材制造方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将金属基板1加工平整,采用丙酮擦拭除油,并预热至300℃;该金属基板1厚度为50mm;当然,也可以采用本领域技术人员能够实现的其它除油剂或除油方法对金属基板1进行除油,例如采用乙醇进行除油等等,在此不再赘述;
(2)利用切片软件将空心叶片的几何模型分层处理为若干二维切片,获得各个分层截面的扫描数据并导入激光3D打印设备;
(3)采用气动送粉器将金属粉末送入同轴熔覆头中,送粉量为10g/min,该金属粉末为Fe基、Ni基或Co基中的一种或多种金属粉末,粒度分布为20~150μm;在本实施例中,金属粉末选用Fe基粉末,该Fe基粉末的组成元素及所占的质量百分比分别为:Ni:7%,Cr:16%,C:0.11%,Mn:3%,Si:1.5%,B:1.5%,Nb:3%,Fe为余量;
(4)调整半导体激光器功率为2000W,激光束斑宽度为2mm,扫描速度为300mm/min,搭接率为30%;
(5)在惰性气体保护下,在金属基板1上进行逐层熔覆,直至完成整个叶片2的增材制造;
(6)将制造后的叶片2采用保温棉包好、缓慢冷却至室温,去掉金属基板,即得到汽轮机空心叶片。
实施例二
本实施例与实施例一基本相同,其不同之处在于,上述Fe基粉末的组成元素及所占的质量百分比分别为:
Ni:4%,Cr:14%,C:0.08%,Mn:2%,Si:1%,B:1%,Nb:2%,Fe为余量。
实施例三
本实施例与实施例一基本相同,其不同之处在于,上述Fe基粉末的组成元素及所占的质量百分比分别为:
Ni:10%,Cr:19%,C:0.15%,Mn:4%,Si:2%,B:2%,Nb:4%,Fe为余量。
实施例四
一种汽轮机空心叶片的激光增材制造方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将金属基板加工平整,采用丙酮擦拭除油,并预热至300℃;该金属基板厚度为80mm;
(2)利用切片软件将空心叶片的几何模型分层处理为若干二维切片,获得各个分层截面的扫描数据并导入激光3D打印设备;
(3)采用气动送粉器将Ni基粉末送入同轴熔覆头中,送粉量为40g/min,该Ni基粉末的组成元素及所占的质量百分比分别为:
Cr:22%,C:0.05%,Mo:11%,Si:0.8%,B:1.0%,Nb:5%,Ni为余量;
(4)调整半导体激光器功率为2200W,激光束斑宽度为6mm,扫描速度为600mm/min,搭接率为50%;
(5)在惰性气体保护下,在金属基板上进行逐层熔覆,直至完成整个叶片的增材制造;
(6)将制造后的叶片采用保温棉包好、缓慢冷却至室温,去掉金属基板,即得到汽轮机空心叶片。
实施例五
本实施例与实施例四基本相同,其不同之处在于,上述Ni基粉末的组成元素及所占的质量百分比分别为:
Cr:20%,C:0.03%,Mo:9%,Si:0.5%,B:0.8%,Nb:4%,Ni为余量。
实施例六
本实施例与实施例四基本相同,其不同之处在于,上述Ni基粉末的组成元素及所占的质量百分比分别为:
Cr:25%,C:0.08%,Mo:13%,Si:1%,B:1.2%,Nb:6%,Ni为余量。
实施例七
一种汽轮机空心叶片的激光增材制造方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将金属基板加工平整,采用丙酮擦拭除油,并预热至300℃;该金属基板厚度为100mm;
(2)利用切片软件将空心叶片的几何模型分层处理为若干二维切片,获得各个分层截面的扫描数据并导入激光3D打印设备;
(3)采用气动送粉器将Co基粉末送入同轴熔覆头中,送粉量为50g/min,该Co基粉末的组成元素及所占的质量百分比分别为:
Cr:28%,C:0.12%,W:8%,Si:1.5%,B:1.0%,Mo:2%,Ni:4%,Mn:0.9%,Fe:3%,Co为余量;
(4)调整半导体激光器功率为5000W,激光束斑宽度为10mm,扫描速度为2000mm/min,搭接率为60%;
(5)在惰性气体保护下,在金属基板上进行逐层熔覆,直至完成整个叶片的增材制造;
(6)将制造后的叶片采用保温棉包好、缓慢冷却至室温,去掉金属基板,即得到汽轮机空心叶片。
实施例八
本实施例与实施例七基本相同,其不同之处在于,上述Co基粉末的组成元素及所占的质量百分比分别为:
Cr:25%,C:0.1%,W:5%,Si:1.2%,B:0.8%,Mo:1%,Ni:3%,Mn:0.5%,Fe:2%,Co为余量。
实施例九
本实施例与实施例七基本相同,其不同之处在于,上述Co基粉末的组成元素及所占的质量百分比分别为:
Cr:30%,C:0.15%,W:10%,Si:1.8%,B:1.2%,Mo:3%,Ni:5%,Mn:1.2%,Fe:4%,Co为余量。
汽轮机空心叶片使用过程中主要是磨损和腐蚀,要求3D打印构件的冶金质量、耐磨损性能和抗腐蚀性能达到使用要求。图2、图3和图4分别是实施例一、实施例四和实施例七Fe基、Ni基和Co基涂层的金相显微组织。可以看出:激光3D打印制备的构件中显微组织非常致密,层间结合良好,无裂纹、孔洞等缺陷。
图5、图6和图7分别是实施例一、实施例四和实施例七中Fe基、Ni基和Co基合金构件在5%氯化钠中性盐雾试验60天后的形貌图,可以看出,构件表面没有腐蚀锈点和锈斑,表明构件具有良好的抗腐蚀性能。
汽轮机空心叶片一般以铁基材料为主,以304不锈钢作为对比例,表1列出了实施例一、实施例四和实施例七与对比例304不锈钢材料耐磨性能,由表1数据可知,与304不锈钢材料相比,Fe基合金构件的耐磨性能提高了0.8倍,Ni基合金构件的耐磨性能提高了1.7倍,Co基合金构件的耐磨性能提高了2.4倍。
表1摩擦磨损试验结果
注:摩擦磨损试验条件:载荷30N;磨损长度64m。
本发明实施例利用激光增材制造技术制造复杂零部件方面的优势,实现了薄壁、空心汽轮机叶片的激光增材快速制造,解决了传统焊接技术制造汽轮机空心叶片容易出现成型质量和焊接变形等难以控制等技术难题,可用于汽轮机空心叶片的快速制造。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (3)
1.一种汽轮机空心叶片的激光增材制造方法,其特征在于,由如下步骤组成:
(1)将金属基板加工平整,擦拭除油,并预热;
(2)利用切片软件将空心叶片的几何模型分层处理为若干二维切片,获得各个分层截面的扫描数据并导入激光3D打印设备;
(3)采用气动送粉器将金属粉末送入同轴熔覆头中,送粉量为10~50g/min;
所述金属粉末为Fe基、Ni基或Co基中的一种或多种金属粉末,粒度分布为20~150μm;
所述Fe基粉末的组成元素及所占的质量百分比分别为:
Ni:4-10%,Cr:14-19%,C:0.08-0.15%,Mn:2-4%,Si:1-2%,B:1-2%,Nb:2-4%,Fe为余量;
所述Ni基粉末的组成元素及所占的质量百分比分别为:
Cr:20-25%,C:0.03-0.08%,Mo:9-13%,Si:0.5-1%,B:0.8-1.2%,Nb:4-6%,Ni为余量;
所述Co基粉末的组成元素及所占的质量百分比分别为:
Cr:25-30%,C:0.1-0.15%,W:5-10%,Si:1.2-1.8%,B:0.8-1.2%,Mo:1-3%,Ni:3-5%,Mn:0.5-1.2%,Fe:2-4%,Co为余量;
(4)调整半导体激光器功率为2000~5000W,激光束斑宽度为6~10mm,扫描速度为600~2000mm/min,搭接率为50~60%;
(5)在惰性气体保护下,在所述金属基板上进行逐层熔覆,直至完成整个叶片的增材制造;
(6)将制造后的叶片冷却至室温,去掉所述金属基板,即得到所述的汽轮机空心叶片;
在步骤(6)中,将制造后的叶片采用保温棉包好、缓慢冷却至室温。
2.根据权利要求1所述的汽轮机空心叶片的激光增材制造方法,其特征在于,所述金属基板厚度为50-100mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的汽轮机空心叶片的激光增材制造方法,其特征在于,在步骤(1)中,采用丙酮擦拭除油,并将所述金属基板预热至300℃。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201810244004.2A CN108480629B (zh) | 2018-03-23 | 2018-03-23 | 一种汽轮机空心叶片的激光增材制造方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201810244004.2A CN108480629B (zh) | 2018-03-23 | 2018-03-23 | 一种汽轮机空心叶片的激光增材制造方法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN108480629A CN108480629A (zh) | 2018-09-04 |
CN108480629B true CN108480629B (zh) | 2020-08-25 |
Family
ID=63319599
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201810244004.2A Active CN108480629B (zh) | 2018-03-23 | 2018-03-23 | 一种汽轮机空心叶片的激光增材制造方法 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN108480629B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109055878B (zh) * | 2018-08-17 | 2019-04-23 | 成都登特牙科技术开发有限公司 | 一种适用于增材制造牙科钴铬合金支架的热处理工艺 |
SG11202109038PA (en) * | 2019-03-04 | 2021-09-29 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Ni-BASED ALLOY MEMBER INCLUDING ADDITIVELY MANUFACTURED BODY, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING Ni-BASED ALLOY MEMBER, AND MANUFACTURED PRODUCT USING Ni-BASED ALLOY MEMBER |
CN111215626B (zh) * | 2019-12-03 | 2021-04-09 | 苏州优波光电科技有限公司 | 采用激光增材制备电子显微镜光阑的方法 |
CN111962065A (zh) * | 2020-07-29 | 2020-11-20 | 成都青石激光科技有限公司 | 一种用于核电高温散热的不锈钢管翅片的制造方法 |
CN112575325B (zh) * | 2020-12-10 | 2022-07-19 | 北京工业大学 | 一种提高钢轨滚动接触疲劳强度的激光在线复合调控方法 |
CN114653965B (zh) * | 2020-12-23 | 2024-03-19 | 上海电气电站设备有限公司 | 透平空心静叶的选择性激光熔化制造方法 |
CN113146140A (zh) * | 2021-04-28 | 2021-07-23 | 卢改花 | 一种电铲内孔被磨损支轮的修补方法 |
CN114293067B (zh) * | 2021-12-27 | 2023-03-31 | 上海康晟航材科技股份有限公司 | 一种用于电子烟花推杆的高温合金及其制备工艺及应用 |
CN115055696B (zh) * | 2022-07-26 | 2022-10-21 | 北京煜鼎增材制造研究院有限公司 | 一种航空发动机钛合金整体叶盘复合制造方法 |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11000899B2 (en) * | 2012-01-29 | 2021-05-11 | Raytheon Technologies Corporation | Hollow airfoil construction utilizing functionally graded materials |
EP2737965A1 (en) * | 2012-12-01 | 2014-06-04 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Method for manufacturing a metallic component by additive laser manufacturing |
CN105127420A (zh) * | 2015-05-04 | 2015-12-09 | 航星利华(北京)科技有限公司 | 一种离散打印激光修复金属零件的方法 |
CN105397086B (zh) * | 2015-10-28 | 2018-01-23 | 西安铂力特增材技术股份有限公司 | 一种钛合金空心叶片激光精密成形方法 |
-
2018
- 2018-03-23 CN CN201810244004.2A patent/CN108480629B/zh active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN108480629A (zh) | 2018-09-04 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN108480629B (zh) | 一种汽轮机空心叶片的激光增材制造方法 | |
CA3065982C (en) | Method for controlling deformation and precision of parts in parallel during additive manufacturing process | |
CN108588498B (zh) | 一种镍基梯度材料及选区激光熔化法制备镍基梯度材料的方法 | |
CN107097036B (zh) | 基于增减材制造的金属零件修复方法 | |
CN111621778B (zh) | 一种制备海洋风电塔筒防腐涂层的方法 | |
CN104014922B (zh) | 一种硬质合金与钢的快速扩散焊接方法 | |
CN102373468A (zh) | 宽带激光感应复合熔覆修复与表面强化模具的方法 | |
CN104588963A (zh) | 一种万向联轴器的万向连杆断裂修复方法 | |
CN107502889A (zh) | 一种精确激光熔覆镍基合金粉末的方法 | |
CN111496160B (zh) | 改善高温合金锭坯端面组织的锻造方法及其应用、高温合金锻坯 | |
CN113046744B (zh) | 一种紫铜管表面等离子熔覆wc强化镍基合金的方法 | |
CN113732310B (zh) | 采用激光金属沉积与随动轧制制备复杂薄壁构件的方法 | |
CN104195550A (zh) | 一种WC-NiSiB激光熔覆材料的制备方法 | |
CN108339984A (zh) | 基于丝材3d打印的铸锻件表面生长复杂结构的方法 | |
CN101716716B (zh) | 一种钛材t型管件胀形方法 | |
CN108018548B (zh) | 一种修复钨基粉末合金压铸模具涂层合金及其制备方法 | |
CN110699687A (zh) | 一种高镍铜合金玻璃模具强化方法 | |
CN112705845A (zh) | 一种耐磨涂层及其制备方法和应用 | |
CN109175659B (zh) | 一种金属复合产品结合界面定位方法 | |
CN106854761B (zh) | 在连铸机出坯辊道表面制备耐磨耐蚀涂层的方法 | |
CN211057231U (zh) | 一种用于激光熔覆工作距离测量的阶梯形辅助工具 | |
JP6528941B2 (ja) | 熱間鍛造用金型 | |
JP6410135B2 (ja) | 熱間鍛造用金型 | |
CN114559054A (zh) | 一种激光粉末床熔融制备gh99镍基合金成形工艺 | |
CN114160809A (zh) | 一种高功率大层厚选区激光熔化成形方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |