CN108480618B - Material formula of pan bottom, preparation method of pan bottom and non-stick pan adopting pan bottom - Google Patents

Material formula of pan bottom, preparation method of pan bottom and non-stick pan adopting pan bottom Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108480618B
CN108480618B CN201810300406.XA CN201810300406A CN108480618B CN 108480618 B CN108480618 B CN 108480618B CN 201810300406 A CN201810300406 A CN 201810300406A CN 108480618 B CN108480618 B CN 108480618B
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pot bottom
pan
pot
powder
heating
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CN108480618A (en
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王小增
曾辉
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Jiaying University
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Jiaying University
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    • B22F1/0003—
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
    • A47J36/00—Parts, details or accessories of cooking-vessels
    • A47J36/02—Selection of specific materials, e.g. heavy bottoms with copper inlay or with insulating inlay
    • A47J36/025—Vessels with non-stick features, e.g. coatings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
    • C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
    • C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
    • C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
    • C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
    • C22C29/10—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds based on titanium carbide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0052—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Cookers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a material formula of a pot bottom, a preparation method thereof and a non-stick pot adopting the pot bottom; belongs to the technical field of non-stick pans; the main material of the non-stick pan bottom material formula comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45-50 parts of nickel-chromium powder, 40-55 parts of titanium carbide powder, 2-3 parts of nickel powder and 2-3 parts of molybdenum powder; the additive is zinc stearate, and the addition amount of the zinc stearate is 0.3-0.5% of the total weight of the main material; the preparation method of the pot bottom comprises the following steps: (1) weighing and stirring and mixing uniformly; (2) filling the uniformly mixed materials into a pot bottom die, and placing the pot bottom die on a centrifuge device for centrifugal rotation; (3) transferring the pot bottom die subjected to centrifugal treatment to a press machine to be pressed into a pot bottom blank; (4) the invention aims to provide a pot bottom material formula with scientific formula, higher hardness of the prepared pot bottom, a preparation method thereof and a non-stick pot adopting the pot bottom, wherein the pot bottom blank is sintered to obtain a pot bottom blank; used for preparing non-stick pan.

Description

Material formula of pan bottom, preparation method of pan bottom and non-stick pan adopting pan bottom
Technical Field
The invention relates to a formula of a pan bottom material, in particular to a formula of a pan bottom material of a non-stick pan. The invention also relates to a method for preparing a pot bottom by adopting the material formula and a non-stick pot adopting the pot bottom.
Background
The general problem of the frying pan for the kitchen is that the frying pan is easy to stick when frying fish and eggs, which brings trouble to the family to cook daily, so that more oil has to be put, and the oil is more and is not good for the health. The industry has done a lot of research on this: such as coating polytetrafluoroethylene on the surface, modifying cast iron materials, making raised grids on the surface of metal materials, and the like. The coating can not stick to the pan in a short time, but once the coating falls off, the effect is weakened, and the coating is controversial to the health problem of the human body. The cast iron material is a traditional material, and graphite in the cast iron has a lubricating effect and a non-stick effect, but is easy to rust and heavy. The surface grid is made of low-carbon steel, so that the hardness is low, the grid can be ground flat after long-term action, and the effect can disappear gradually.
Disclosure of Invention
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a pot bottom material formula which is scientific in formula and has higher hardness of the prepared pot bottom aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a method for preparing the non-stick pan bottom by adopting the pan bottom material formula.
The third purpose of the invention is to provide another method for preparing the non-stick pan bottom by adopting the pan bottom material formula.
The fourth purpose of the invention is to provide the non-stick pan with the pan bottom, which has the advantages of reasonable structure, convenient use and good effect.
The first technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: a non-stick pan bottom material formula comprises a main material and an additive, wherein the main material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45-50 parts of nickel-chromium powder, 40-55 parts of titanium carbide powder, 2-3 parts of nickel powder and 2-3 parts of molybdenum powder; the additive is zinc stearate, and the addition amount of the zinc stearate is 0.3-0.5% of the total weight of the main material.
In the formula of the pan bottom material of the non-stick pan, the particle size of the nickel-chromium powder is 30-70 mu m, the particle size of the titanium carbide powder is 10-20 mu m, the particle size of the nickel powder is 50-70nm, and the particle size of the molybdenum powder is 50-70 nm.
The second technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: a method for preparing a pot bottom by adopting a pot bottom material comprises the following steps: (1) weighing the components according to the formula ratio, stirring and mixing uniformly, and then placing in a round pot bottom die for later use; (2) fixing the pan bottom mould on a centrifuge device, centrifuging and rotating for 3-5 minutes, and gradually layering each component in the main material outwards along the central area of the pan bottom mould in the radial direction of the pan bottom mould according to the specific gravity; (3) transferring the pot bottom die subjected to centrifugal treatment into a press machine for press forming, and demoulding to form a pot bottom blank; (4) and sintering the pot bottom blank to obtain a pot bottom blank.
In the above method for preparing the pot bottom, the rotation speed of the centrifuge device in the step (2) is 7000-8000 rpm.
In the method for preparing the pot bottom, in the step (3), the pressure of the press is 200-400 MPa.
In the method for preparing the pot bottom, the sintering in the step (4) is specifically as follows: under a vacuum of 1.0X 10-1～1.0×10-2Heating from room temperature to 350 ℃ at a heating rate of 15 ℃/min under the environment of Pa, and preserving heat for 30 min; then heating from 350 ℃ to 1100 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 30 min; and then heating from 1100 ℃ to 1340 ℃ at the heating rate of 4 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 60min, finishing sintering, stopping heating, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a pan bottom blank.
The third technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: a method for preparing a pot bottom by adopting a pot bottom material comprises the following steps: (1) weighing the components according to the formula ratio, firstly, stirring and uniformly mixing nickel chromium powder and zinc stearate accounting for 0.3-0.5 percent of the total weight of the nickel chromium powder to obtain a pot bottom rim charge; then stirring and mixing the rest raw materials and the rest zinc stearate uniformly to obtain a pan bottom core material for later use; (2) preparing an annular pot bottom mold, placing a material separating ring with the diameter smaller than that of the pot bottom mold in the pot bottom mold, filling a pot bottom core material into the material separating ring, filling a pot bottom edge material into an annular gap between the material separating ring and the pot bottom mold, and taking out the material separating ring after filling is finished; the size of the material separating ring is based on the same thickness of the pot bottom rim material and the pot bottom core material after the filling is finished; (3) transferring the pot bottom die into a press machine for pressing and forming, and demoulding to form a pot bottom blank; (4) and sintering the pot bottom blank to obtain a pot bottom blank.
In the method for preparing the pot bottom, in the step (3), the pressure of the press is 200-400 MPa.
In the method for preparing the pot bottom, the sintering in the step (4) is specifically as follows: under a vacuum of 1.0X 10-1～1.0×10-2Heating from room temperature to 350 ℃ at a heating rate of 15 ℃/min under the environment of Pa, and preserving heat for 30 min; then heating from 350 ℃ to 1100 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 30 min; and then heating from 1100 ℃ to 1340 ℃ at the heating rate of 4 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 60min, finishing sintering, stopping heating, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a pan bottom blank.
The fourth technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: a non-stick pan consists of a pan body and a pan bottom, wherein the center of the bottom of the pan body is provided with a connecting through hole matched with the pan bottom, and the pan bottom is welded in the connecting through hole; the pot bottom is prepared by the method.
After the formula is adopted, the average hardness of the high-hardness material consisting of nickel-chromium powder, titanium carbide powder, nickel powder and molybdenum powder in a reasonable proportion reaches more than HRC40, and the hardness of the stainless steel turner is only HRC24, so that the pan bottom prepared by the material has the characteristic of wear resistance, and no scratch appears after long-term use, thereby ensuring the long-term use of the non-stick pan.
After the method is adopted, the manufactured pot bottom adopts a mode of centrifuging or layering raw materials by a mould, so that the nickel-chromium powder with high specific gravity is mainly distributed at the edge of the pot bottom, and the titanium carbide powder with low specific gravity is mainly distributed in the middle of the pot bottom. The middle part of the pot bottom is provided with more titanium carbide, so that the middle part of the pot bottom has a non-sticky function; the edge area obtains more nickel chromium powder to manufacture the pan bottom, and the pan body has better weldable property and good use toughness when being connected.
After the structure is adopted, the structure of the nickel-chromium element at the edge of the pot bottom is similar to the components of a stainless steel pot body, the stress after welding is small, the welding strength is high, and no crack is generated. Meanwhile, the middle part of the pot bottom has more titanium carbide, so that the middle part of the pot bottom has a non-stick function.
The pan for cooking in kitchen has the performance that food is not stuck to the pan in the conventional use state. Even if the food is burnt to be adhered to the pan under the abnormal use condition, the burnt food can be easily removed by the steel slice, and the surface of the pan is not damaged.
Drawings
The invention will be further described in detail with reference to examples of embodiments shown in the drawings to which, however, the invention is not restricted.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
In the figure: a pot body 1 and a pot bottom 2.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a non-stick pan bottom material formula, which comprises a main material and an additive, wherein the main material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45-50 parts of nickel-chromium powder, 40-55 parts of titanium carbide powder, 2-3 parts of nickel powder and 2-3 parts of molybdenum powder; the additive is zinc stearate, and the addition amount of the zinc stearate is 0.3-0.5% of the total weight of the main material. Preferably, the particle size of the nickel-chromium powder is 30-70 μm, the particle size of the titanium carbide powder is 10-20 μm, the particle size of the nickel powder is 50-70nm, and the particle size of the molybdenum powder is 50-70 nm.
The pan bottom is made of a high-hardness material consisting of nickel chromium and carbide, the average hardness of the high-hardness material reaches more than HRC40, the hardness of the stainless steel slice is only HRC24, and the stainless steel slice is wear-resistant in performance and free of scratches after long-term use, so that the long-term use of the non-stick pan is guaranteed.
The invention relates to a method for preparing a pot bottom by adopting the pot bottom material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the components according to the formula ratio, stirring and mixing uniformly, and then placing in a round pot bottom die for later use;
(2) fixing the pot bottom mold on a centrifuge device, wherein the rotation speed of the centrifuge device is 7000 plus 8000rpm, and the centrifuge device rotates for 3-5 minutes in a centrifugal mode, and each component in the main material gradually stratifies outwards along the central area of the pot bottom mold in the radial direction of the pot bottom mold according to the specific gravity;
(3) transferring the pot bottom die subjected to centrifugal treatment into a press machine for pressing and forming, wherein the pressing pressure of the press machine is 200-400 MPa, and demoulding to form a pot bottom blank;
(4) under a vacuum of 1.0X 10-1～1.0×10-2Heating from room temperature to 350 ℃ at a heating rate of 15 ℃/min under the environment of Pa, and preserving heat for 30 min; then heating from 350 ℃ to 1100 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 30 min; and then heating from 1100 ℃ to 1340 ℃ at the heating rate of 4 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 60min, finishing sintering, stopping heating, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a pan bottom blank.
By adopting the process, when the equipment rotates at a high speed, the nickel-chromium powder moves towards the outer ring of the container due to the action of inertia force because the specific gravity of the nickel-chromium powder is greater than that of the titanium carbide, and after the equipment stops, chemical components in the mixture form gradient distribution along the radial direction, the carbide in the central area of the pot bottom is more, and the nickel-chromium quantity in the edge area of the pot bottom is more. The central area has much carbide to make it obtain the function of non-stick pan; the much nickel-chromium powder obtained at the edge area is used for manufacturing the pan bottom, and has good weldable property and good use toughness when the pan body is connected.
The invention also provides a method for preparing the pot bottom by adopting the pot bottom material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the components according to the formula ratio, firstly, stirring and uniformly mixing nickel chromium powder and zinc stearate accounting for 0.3-0.5 percent of the total weight of the nickel chromium powder to obtain a pot bottom rim charge; then stirring and mixing the rest raw materials and the rest zinc stearate uniformly to obtain a pan bottom core material for later use;
(2) preparing an annular pot bottom mold, placing a material separating ring with the diameter smaller than that of the pot bottom mold in the pot bottom mold, filling a pot bottom core material into the material separating ring, filling a pot bottom edge material into an annular gap between the material separating ring and the pot bottom mold, and taking out the material separating ring after filling is finished; the size of the material separating ring is based on the same thickness of the pot bottom rim material and the pot bottom core material after the filling is finished;
(3) transferring the pot bottom die into a press machine for pressing and forming, wherein the pressing pressure of the press machine is 200-400 MPa, and demoulding to form a pot bottom blank;
(4) under a vacuum of 1.0X 10-1～1.0×10-2Heating from room temperature to 350 ℃ at a heating rate of 15 ℃/min under the environment of Pa, and preserving heat for 30 min; then heating from 350 ℃ to 1100 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 30 min; and then heating from 1100 ℃ to 1340 ℃ at the heating rate of 4 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 60min, finishing sintering, stopping heating, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a pan bottom blank.
The purpose of adopting the material separating ring is also to ensure that the central area of the pan bottom obtains more carbide and the edge area of the pan bottom obtains more nickel-chromium powder.
Referring to fig. 1, the non-stick pan of the present invention comprises a pan body 1 and a pan bottom 2, wherein a connecting through hole adapted to the pan bottom 2 is arranged at the center of the bottom of the pan body 1, and the pan bottom 2 is welded in the connecting through hole; the pot bottom is prepared by the method.
A plurality of annular raised strips are distributed on the upper end face of the pot bottom, the width of the bottom of each annular raised strip is 0.7-0.8 cm, the width of the top of each annular raised strip is 0.2-0.3 cm, the height of each annular raised strip is 0.2-0.3 mm, and the interval between every two adjacent circles of raised strips is 0.9-1.1 cm. The annular convex strip is formed at the bottom of the pot through a pressure head of a press machine during pressing. The annular convex strips are used for reducing the contact area of the pan bottom and food when in use, thereby achieving the purpose of non-sticking.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only for convenience of description, and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and those skilled in the art will understand that the technical features of the present invention can be modified or changed by other equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The formula of the non-stick pan bottom material is characterized in that the pan bottom material consists of a main material and an additive, wherein the main material consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45-50 parts of nickel-chromium powder, 40-55 parts of titanium carbide powder, 2-3 parts of nickel powder and 2-3 parts of molybdenum powder; the additive is zinc stearate, and the addition amount of the zinc stearate is 0.3-0.5% of the total weight of the main material.
2. The non-stick pan bottom material formula according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of nickel chromium powder is 30-70 μm, the particle size of titanium carbide powder is 10-20 μm, the particle size of nickel powder is 50-70nm, and the particle size of molybdenum powder is 50-70 nm.
3. A method for preparing a pot bottom from the pot bottom material of claim 2, comprising the steps of: (1) weighing the components according to the formula ratio, stirring and mixing uniformly, and then placing in a round pot bottom die for later use; (2) fixing the pan bottom mould on a centrifuge device, centrifuging and rotating for 3-5 minutes, and gradually layering each component in the main material outwards along the central area of the pan bottom mould in the radial direction of the pan bottom mould according to the specific gravity; (3) transferring the pot bottom die subjected to centrifugal treatment into a press machine for press forming, and demoulding to form a pot bottom blank; (4) and sintering the pot bottom blank to obtain a pot bottom blank.
4. The method for preparing a pot bottom according to claim 3, wherein the rotation speed of the centrifuge device in step (2) is 7000-8000 rpm.
5. The method for preparing a pot bottom according to claim 3, wherein in the step (3), the pressure of the press is 200-400 MPa.
6. The method for preparing the pot bottom according to the claim 3, wherein the sintering in the step (4) is specifically as follows: under a vacuum of 1.0X 10-1～1.0×10-2Heating from room temperature to 350 ℃ at a heating rate of 15 ℃/min under the environment of Pa, and preserving heat for 30 min; then heating from 350 ℃ to 1100 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 30 min; and then heating from 1100 ℃ to 1340 ℃ at the heating rate of 4 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 60min, finishing sintering, stopping heating, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a pan bottom blank.
7. A method for preparing a pot bottom from the pot bottom material of claim 2, comprising the steps of: (1) weighing the components according to the formula ratio, firstly, stirring and uniformly mixing nickel chromium powder and zinc stearate accounting for 0.3-0.5 percent of the total weight of the nickel chromium powder to obtain a pot bottom rim charge; then stirring and mixing the rest raw materials and the rest zinc stearate uniformly to obtain a pan bottom core material for later use; (2) preparing an annular pot bottom mold, placing a material separating ring with the diameter smaller than that of the pot bottom mold in the pot bottom mold, filling a pot bottom core material into the material separating ring, filling a pot bottom edge material into an annular gap between the material separating ring and the pot bottom mold, and taking out the material separating ring after filling is finished; the size of the material separating ring is based on the same thickness of the pot bottom rim material and the pot bottom core material after the filling is finished; (3) transferring the pot bottom die into a press machine for pressing and forming, and demoulding to form a pot bottom blank; (4) and sintering the pot bottom blank to obtain a pot bottom blank.
8. The method for preparing a pot bottom according to claim 7, wherein in the step (3), the pressure of the press is 200-400 MPa.
9. The method for preparing the pot bottom according to the claim 7, wherein the sintering in the step (4) is specifically as follows: under a vacuum of 1.0X 10-1～1.0×10-2Heating from room temperature to 350 ℃ at a heating rate of 15 ℃/min under the environment of Pa, and preserving heat for 30 min; then heating from 350 ℃ to 1100 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 30 min; and then heating from 1100 ℃ to 1340 ℃ at the heating rate of 4 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 60min, finishing sintering, stopping heating, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a pan bottom blank.
10. A non-stick pan is characterized in that the non-stick pan consists of a pan body (1) and a pan bottom (2), wherein a connecting through hole matched with the pan bottom (2) is arranged in the center of the bottom of the pan body (1), and the pan bottom (2) is welded in the connecting through hole; the pan bottom is prepared by the method of any one of claims 3 to 9.
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