CN108470925B - Fuel cell starting system and method - Google Patents
Fuel cell starting system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108470925B CN108470925B CN201810259062.2A CN201810259062A CN108470925B CN 108470925 B CN108470925 B CN 108470925B CN 201810259062 A CN201810259062 A CN 201810259062A CN 108470925 B CN108470925 B CN 108470925B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 81
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 6
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention discloses a fuel cell starting system and a method. Wherein, this fuel cell starting system includes: the device comprises a pile-in air heater, a cell pile and a heat exchange device, wherein the pile-in air heater is used for heating pile-in air; the battery stack is used for generating power after the heated air entering the stack is heated; and the heat exchange device is used for exchanging heat between the stack outlet air discharged from the stack and the cooling liquid of the stack, and supplying heat to the stack through the cooling liquid to complete the startup of the fuel cell. The invention solves the technical problem of low energy utilization rate in the starting process of the fuel cell in a low-temperature environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy application, in particular to a fuel cell starting system and a method.
Background
The fuel cell is a power generation device for converting chemical energy in fuel into electric energy by adopting an electrochemical reaction mode, wherein the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is used for generating power as a new generation of power generation technology, and the power generation process is not limited by Carnot cycle, so that the energy conversion rate is high, the direct power generation efficiency can reach 45%, the cogeneration efficiency can reach more than 90%, and the fuel cell can be widely applied to multiple fields such as standby power supplies, distributed power stations, automobile power and the like. While the environmental suitability of proton exchange membrane fuel cells is an important factor in the wide commercial application, especially in the traffic field, such as cold start of fuel cells in low temperature environments (e.g., in low temperature environments below 0 ℃) is one of the important challenges facing fuel cell automobiles at present.
The method is one of the simplest and quick cold start strategies. However, the heat of the hot air discharged from the stack after the stack is heated is directly discharged and is not fully utilized, so that the energy utilization efficiency in the cold start process of the fuel cell is low.
In view of the above problems, no effective solution has been proposed at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a fuel cell starting system and a method, which are used for at least solving the technical problem of low energy utilization rate in the starting process of a fuel cell in a low-temperature environment.
According to an aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a fuel cell starting system including: the device comprises a pile-in air heater, a cell pile and a heat exchange device, wherein the pile-in air heater is used for heating pile-in air; the cell stack is used for generating power after the heated air entering the stack is heated; and the heat exchange device is used for exchanging heat between the stack outlet air discharged from the stack and the cooling liquid of the stack, and heating the stack through the cooling liquid to finish the starting of the fuel cell.
Optionally, the heat exchange device includes: and the heat exchange coil pipe is immersed in the cooling liquid loaded in the cooling liquid storage tank, wherein the pile-out air flows in the heat exchange coil pipe.
Optionally, the heat exchange device includes: and the gas-liquid heat exchanger is used for receiving the pile-outlet air, and the pile-outlet air heats the cooling liquid in the gas-liquid heat exchanger.
Optionally, the system further comprises: and the control valve is used for controlling whether the pile-out air is output to the heat exchange device or is directly discharged.
Optionally, the system further comprises: and the controller is used for controlling the pile-in air heater according to the temperature of the cell pile to finish the starting of the fuel cell.
Optionally, the controller is further configured to start the in-stack air heater to heat the in-stack air when the temperature of the cell stack is lower than a first temperature threshold; turning off the in-stack air heater to stop heating the in-stack air when the temperature of the cell stack is higher than the first temperature threshold and lower than a second temperature threshold; and maintaining the off state of the in-stack air heater in the event that the temperature of the stack is above the second temperature threshold.
Optionally, the system further comprises: a liquid pump for performing a shutdown process or operating at a power lower than a rated power in a case where a temperature of the stack is lower than the second temperature threshold according to a control signal issued by the controller; and performing a start-up process or operating at the rated power when the temperature of the battery stack is higher than the second temperature threshold.
According to another aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, there is also provided a fuel cell starting method, including: controlling a pile-in air heater to heat pile-in air, and heating a cell pile by adopting the heated pile-in air to enable the cell pile to generate electricity; and heat exchange is carried out on stack outlet air discharged from the cell stack and cooling liquid of the cell stack by adopting a heat exchange device, and the cooling liquid supplies heat for the cell stack to finish the starting of the fuel cell.
Optionally, the heat exchange device is used to exchange heat between the air discharged from the stack and the cooling liquid of the stack, and the cooling liquid is used to supply heat to the stack, so as to complete the start of the fuel cell, including: when the heat exchange device is a heat exchange coil, inputting the stack outlet air into the heat exchange coil; and immersing the heat exchange coil pipe input with the off-stack air into the cooling liquid loaded by the cooling liquid storage tank, exchanging heat between the off-stack air and the cooling liquid, and supplying heat to the cell stack by the exchanged cooling liquid to finish the starting of the fuel cell.
Optionally, the heat exchange device is used to exchange heat between the air discharged from the stack and the cooling liquid of the stack, and the cooling liquid is used to supply heat to the stack, so as to complete the start of the fuel cell, including: receiving the stack outlet air through the gas-liquid heat exchanger under the condition that the heat exchange device is the gas-liquid heat exchanger; and heat exchange is carried out on the stack outlet air and the cooling liquid in a mode of heating the cooling liquid by the stack outlet air in the gas-liquid heat exchanger, and the cooling liquid after heat exchange supplies heat for the cell stack, so that the starting of the fuel cell is completed.
In the embodiment of the invention, the stack inlet air heater in the fuel cell starting system is adopted to heat the stack inlet air, the stack is heated by the heated stack inlet air to generate electricity, and the heat exchange device is used in combination to exchange heat between the stack outlet air discharged from the stack and the cooling liquid of the stack, so that the cooling liquid is used for supplying heat to the stack, the purpose of completing the starting of the fuel cell is achieved, the technical effects of fully utilizing the heat of the stack outlet air after the heating of the stack and assisting the fuel cell in low-temperature starting are achieved, the rapid heating of the fuel cell is achieved, and the technical problem of low energy utilization rate in the starting process of the fuel cell in a low-temperature environment is solved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and do not constitute a limitation on the application. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell starting system according to a first embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation principle of a single cell in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell in a fuel cell starting system according to a first embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic view showing a structure of a heat exchanging device 3 of a fuel cell starting system according to a first embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a second structure of a heat exchanging device 3 of a fuel cell starting system according to the first embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a preferred structure of a fuel cell starting system according to a first embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a preferred structure of a fuel cell starting system according to the first embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a high efficiency fuel cell low temperature start-up system according to a second embodiment of the present application;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a high efficiency fuel cell low temperature start-up system according to a third embodiment of the present application;
fig. 9 is a flowchart of a fuel cell starting method according to a fourth embodiment of the application.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the present invention, a technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in which it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and the claims of the present invention and the above figures are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate such that the embodiments of the invention described herein may be implemented in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Example 1
An embodiment of the present invention proposes a fuel cell starting system, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell starting system according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the fuel cell starting system may include: a stack air heater 1, a cell stack 2 and a heat exchange device 3.
The pile-in air heater 1 is used for heating pile-in air;
a cell stack 2 connected to the air heater 1 for generating electricity after heating the heated air;
and the heat exchange device 3 is connected with the pile-in air heater 1 and the pile 2 and is used for exchanging heat between pile-out air discharged from the pile 2 and cooling liquid of the pile 2, and supplying heat to the pile 2 through the cooling liquid so as to finish the startup of the fuel cell.
In the system, the heat exchange device 3 is adopted to exchange heat between the discharged stack air discharged from the stack 2 and the cooling liquid of the stack 2, so that the heat of the stack 2 is supplied by the cooling liquid after heat exchange, the purpose of reutilizing the heat carried by the discharged stack air to be discharged is achieved, the reutilized heat can be used for rapidly heating the stack, the energy utilization rate in the fuel cell starting process is improved, and the technical problem of low energy utilization rate in the fuel cell starting process in a low-temperature environment is solved.
In the process of electrochemical reaction of a fuel cell stack, in addition to providing hydrogen to the fuel cell, in-stack air needs to be provided to ensure enough oxygen to perform electrochemical reaction, and in the related art, an atmospheric air supply mode based on air pump air supply is commonly used.
In this fuel cell starting system, the performance of the fuel cell is greatly affected by the ambient temperature, and in a low-temperature environment such as a temperature lower than 0 ℃, the fuel cell is liable to fail in starting. Therefore, the environmental suitability is an important factor limiting the wide commercial application, such as cold start of fuel cells in low temperature environment below 0 ℃ is one of the important challenges faced by the current use of fuel cell automobiles.
In addition, when the ambient temperature is lower than 0 ℃, free water in the battery can crystallize into ice, and even though the free water is subjected to the treatment of purging and the like in the shutdown process, trace ice crystals exist to influence the transmission of protons and water, so that the fuel battery cannot generate electricity; and when the temperature of the cell stack is below zero, if part of single cells can generate electricity, water generated by the electrochemical reaction can freeze before the water is not discharged out of the cell stack, so that a gas channel and a catalyst active site are blocked, the electrochemical reaction is stopped, and the fuel cell is failed to start. Therefore, in the fuel cell starting process, the hot air flow generated by the in-stack air heater 1 can blow out free water from the cell stack besides heating in-stack air, so that the fuel cell starting failure caused by crystallization of the free water is avoided.
Although the electric heater is used for heating the piled air in the fuel cell starting system, the electrochemical reaction site can be quickly heated. But the air discharged after the reaction of the cell stack is also provided with heat, so that the heat is directly discharged, the heat is not fully utilized, and the energy utilization efficiency in the cold start process of the fuel cell is low. Based on the heat exchange treatment of the stack outlet air and the cooling liquid, the effect of fully utilizing energy in the starting process of the fuel cell is effectively realized.
In order to clearly explain the above-described effects that can be achieved by exchanging heat between the discharged air and the coolant, a fuel cell (hereinafter, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell is taken as an example) according to the fuel cell starting system of the embodiment of the present invention will be briefly described.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of single cells in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell used in a fuel cell starting system according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 2, each single cell may include an anode, a cathode, and a proton exchange membrane. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell is equivalent to an 'inverse' device of water electrolysis, and is equivalent to a direct current power supply in operation, wherein an anode is a power supply cathode, and a cathode is a power supply anode. The stack in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell with the output voltage meeting the actual load requirement can be formed by stacking and combining a plurality of single cells.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the heat exchange device 3 is used for exchanging heat between the stack air to be discharged from the stack 2 and the cooling liquid of the stack 2, and in order to realize the heat exchange between the stack air and the cooling liquid, the heat exchange device 3 may be implemented in various ways, for example, the heat exchange device may be a heat exchange coil, a gas-liquid heat exchanger, or a simple modification or obvious combination of the two. The heat exchange device is exemplified as a heat exchange coil and a gas-liquid heat exchanger.
In an alternative embodiment, the heat exchange device 3 may comprise: and the heat exchange coil pipe is immersed in the cooling liquid loaded in the cooling liquid storage tank.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a heat exchange device 3 of a fuel cell starting system according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 3, the heat exchange device 3 includes: a heat exchange coil.
The heat exchange coil can be made of a material with high heat conductivity coefficient, and is immersed in the cooling liquid loaded in the cooling liquid storage tank, so that heat exchange is performed between the stack outlet air flowing in the heat exchange coil and the cooling liquid, namely, when the temperature of the stack outlet air is higher than that of the cooling liquid, heat can be quickly and efficiently transferred to the cooling liquid, and then the heated cooling liquid is used for further supplying heat to the cell stack 2 in the cell stack 2, so that the starting of the fuel cell is ensured and accelerated, and the energy utilization efficiency in the starting process of the fuel cell is improved. When the heat exchange coil is adopted, the pile-out air flows in the heat exchange coil, so that the relative movement between the flowing pile-out air and the cooling liquid is formed, the relative movement is beneficial to full heat exchange, and the heat exchange is efficiently realized. In addition, in order to improve the heat exchange efficiency, the heat exchange coil pipe can be preferably fully immersed in the cooling liquid loaded in the cooling liquid storage tank, so that the heat exchange between the stack outlet air flowing in the heat exchange coil pipe and the cooling liquid is fully carried out, and the rapid and efficient heat exchange is realized.
In another alternative embodiment, the heat exchange device 3 may also include: and the gas-liquid heat exchanger is used for receiving the pile-out air, and the pile-out air heats the cooling liquid in the gas-liquid heat exchanger.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a second structure of a heat exchange device 3 of a fuel cell starting system according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 4, the heat exchange device 3 includes: a gas-liquid heat exchanger. When the heat exchange device 3 is a gas-liquid heat exchanger, it may be realized in various ways, which will be described below.
In one alternative, the gas-liquid heat exchanger may be a plate heat exchanger. The plate heat exchanger comprises at least one heat transfer plate, wherein the heat transfer plates are overlapped according to a certain sequence to form flow passages among the plates, and the stack outlet air and the cooling liquid respectively flow in the respective passages at two sides of the heat transfer plates so as to exchange heat through the heat transfer plates. Wherein the material of the heat transfer plate may comprise a material with a high thermal conductivity.
In another alternative, the gas-liquid heat exchanger may be a tube heat exchanger. The gas-liquid heat exchanger is provided with a first pipeline for circulating cooling liquid and a second pipeline for circulating stack air, and the materials of the first pipeline and the second pipeline can comprise materials with high heat conductivity coefficient and are arranged according to a certain sequence. The heat exchange between each other is performed by the flow of the cooling liquid and the stack-out air in the first pipe and the second pipe.
In yet another alternative, the gas-liquid heat exchanger may be a vessel heat exchanger. The gas-liquid heat exchanger is provided with a first container capable of containing flowing liquid or gas and a third pipeline capable of circulating the liquid or gas, wherein the third pipeline is contained in the first container. Specifically, when the first container holds the cooling liquid, the third pipeline is filled with stack outlet air; when the first container is filled with stack air, the third pipeline is filled with cooling liquid. The third pipe may be formed of a material having a high thermal conductivity. The heat exchange between each other is performed by the flow of the cooling liquid and the stack-out air in the first container and the third pipe.
The gas-liquid heat exchanger is adopted to realize the relative motion between the stack air and the cooling liquid, so that the heat exchange is effectively realized, and compared with the mode adopting the heat exchange coil, the heat exchange between the stack air and the cooling liquid can be realized by adopting other structures independent of the cooling liquid storage tank, so that the diversity of the heat exchange is realized, various choices are provided for the heat exchange, the heat exchange efficiency can be improved by adopting the comparison and improvement of various heat exchanges, the energy utilization efficiency of the fuel cell in the starting process is further improved, and the starting of the fuel cell is ensured and accelerated.
In an alternative embodiment, the fuel cell start-up system may include, in addition to all of the structures in fig. 1: and the control valve is used for controlling output of the stack-outlet air to the heat exchange device or direct discharge.
Because the performance of the fuel cell is greatly affected by the ambient temperature, the problem that the fuel cell cannot generate electricity or fails to start easily occurs in a low-temperature environment, but the starting speed and the power supply performance can still be kept in a relatively stable state at normal temperature, such as above 15 ℃ or above 25 ℃. Furthermore, in the normal temperature state, the cooling liquid can be heated without using the air which is discharged from the reactor, so in the embodiment, the control valve is adopted, and the air which is discharged from the reactor can be selectively output into the heat exchange device 3 to exchange heat with the cooling liquid through the control action of the control valve; or the air discharged from the reactor is directly discharged to the atmosphere, so that the air discharged from the reactor is not output to the heat exchange device 3 any more, and heat exchange is carried out with the cooling liquid. The control valve is used for realizing selective control of output of the air from the stack, and can also be realized by adopting various structures, for example, the control valve can be simply set as a switch, and the control state of the switch is used for realizing whether the air from the stack is output to the heat exchange device to exchange heat with the cooling liquid or the air from the stack is directly output.
In an alternative embodiment, the fuel cell start-up system may include, in addition to all of the structures in fig. 2: and the controller is used for controlling the in-stack air heater 1 according to the temperature of the cell stack to finish the starting of the fuel cell.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a preferred structure of a fuel cell starting system according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 5, the fuel cell starting system includes, in addition to all the structures in fig. 1: and a controller 4.
The control of the in-pile air heater 1 by the controller 4 may include control of a switch of the in-pile air heater 1, or may include control of a power level of the in-pile air heater 1. By the above control, the controller 4 can flexibly adjust the switching and power of the in-stack air heater 1 according to the temperature change of the cell stack.
Meanwhile, since the above-mentioned in-stack air heater 1 can be connected with a storage battery, the power can be supplied from the storage battery before the fuel cell starts power generation. Therefore, the controller 4 can reasonably change and adjust the power supply of the storage battery to the in-pile air heater 1 by adjusting the power consumption of the in-pile air heater 1, so as to reduce the power consumption of the storage battery.
In an alternative, the controller 4 is configured to perform the following control on the in-pile air heater 1: turning on the in-stack air heater 1 to heat in-stack air when the temperature of the cell stack 2 is lower than a first temperature threshold; turning off the in-stack air heater 1 to stop heating the in-stack air when the temperature of the cell stack 2 is higher than the first temperature threshold and lower than the second temperature threshold; and maintaining the off state of the in-stack air heater 1 in the case where the temperature of the cell stack 2 is higher than the second temperature threshold.
Wherein the first temperature threshold is smaller than the second temperature threshold, and the first temperature threshold may be a temperature value lower than normal temperature, such as-5 ℃, -1 ℃, 0 ℃, or 5 ℃; the second temperature threshold may be a certain temperature value above normal temperature, such as 10 ℃,15 ℃, 20 ℃, or 25 ℃. Specifically, the fuel cell may be determined according to a user's requirement, a power supply performance of the fuel cell, or an environment, which is not limited herein. The two temperature thresholds can be set before the fuel cell starting system leaves the factory, or can be set by a user in the using process. For example, the values of the first temperature threshold and the second temperature threshold may be-5 ℃ and 25 ℃, respectively; or respectively 0 ℃ and 10 ℃; or the temperature can be 5 ℃ and 15 ℃ respectively, and the temperature can be flexibly selected according to specific requirements.
In another alternative embodiment, the fuel cell starting system may include, in addition to all the structures in fig. 5: a liquid pump for performing a shutdown process or operating at a power lower than a rated power in a case where the temperature of the stack is lower than a second temperature threshold value according to a control signal issued by the controller 4; when the temperature of the battery stack is higher than the second temperature threshold, the start-up process is performed or the operation is performed at rated power.
In particular, the liquid pump may be used to facilitate circulation of coolant in the fuel cell start-up system when required.
When the heat exchange device 3 adopts a heat exchange coil structure, the heat exchange coil is immersed in the cooling liquid storage tank, and the cooling liquid storage tank is filled with a large amount of cooling liquid, so that when the temperature of the discharged air is higher than that of the cooling liquid, the circulation of the cooling liquid in the fuel cell starting system can realize that the heat supply of the stack air to the cooling liquid can be transferred to the cell stack 2 only by the liquid pressure in the cooling liquid storage tank without depending on the operation of a liquid pump.
When the heat exchange device 3 adopts a gas-liquid heat exchanger structure, the content of cooling liquid in the gas-liquid heat exchanger is small, so when the temperature of the discharged stack air is higher than that of the cooling liquid, the circulation of the cooling liquid in the fuel cell starting system is required to depend on the operation of a liquid pump to promote the circulation flow of the cooling liquid in the fuel cell starting system, and further, the heat supply of the stack air to the cooling liquid is realized and transferred to the cell stack 2. At this time, the rotation speed of the liquid pump can be operated at a low rotation speed lower than the rated rotation speed, namely, the flow of the cooling liquid can be realized, and the consumption of electric energy in the storage battery can be reduced. Wherein the rated rotational speed is a rotational speed corresponding to the rated power of the liquid pump.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a preferred structure of a fuel cell starting system according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 6, the fuel cell starting system includes, in addition to all the structures in fig. 5: a liquid pump 5.
The controller 4 can also be used to control the liquid pump 5 during operation of the liquid pump 5, wherein the controller 4 can be used for controlling the switching of the liquid pump 5 and also for controlling the power level of the liquid pump 5. For example, when the heat exchange device 3 adopts a heat exchange coil structure, the controller 4 is used to control the opening or closing of the liquid pump 5, and when the heat exchange device 3 adopts a gas-liquid heat exchanger structure, the controller 4 is used to control the power level of the liquid pump 5. The opening and closing control and the power level control can be combined when needed. Through the control, the controller 4 can flexibly adjust the switch and the power of the liquid pump 5 according to the temperature change of the battery stack, so that the power supply of the liquid pump 5 by the storage battery can be reasonably changed and adjusted.
Meanwhile, since the liquid pump 5 can also be connected with a storage battery, the storage battery can supply power to the fuel cell before the fuel cell starts power generation. Therefore, the controller 4 can reasonably change and adjust the power supply of the storage battery to the liquid pump 5 by adjusting the electric performance of the liquid pump 5, and when the power of the liquid pump is not needed, the controller can control the power supply of the storage battery to the liquid pump, so that the electric consumption of the storage battery is reduced.
Therefore, the storage battery can also provide electric energy for other electric devices in the fuel cell starting system. The electric quantity of the storage battery is limited, the electric energy of the storage battery can be attenuated in a low-temperature environment below 0 ℃, the total electric quantity which can be output is reduced, and under the condition that the energy efficiency of the fuel cell in the cold starting process is low, the electric quantity of the storage battery is consumed for a long time, so that the electric quantity of the storage battery is consumed or even damaged, the power supply of the fuel cell system BOP (Balance of Plant) is interrupted, and the system is failed to start. Therefore, the controller 4 adjusts the switch or power of the power utilization device (such as the in-stack air heater 1 and the liquid pump 5) in the fuel cell starting system according to the temperature range of the cell stack, so that the energy utilization rate in the starting process of the fuel cell is improved, the starting is accelerated, the use of the storage battery is protected, and the service life of the storage battery is prolonged.
Example two
Aiming at the technical problem of low energy utilization efficiency in the cold start process of the fuel cell, an embodiment of the invention provides a high-efficiency fuel cell low-temperature start system, and fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the high-efficiency fuel cell low-temperature start system according to a second embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 7, where the high-efficiency fuel cell low-temperature start system includes: the device comprises a pile-in air heater 1, a cell pile 2, a heat exchange device 3 (a heat exchange coil in the figure), a controller 4, a liquid pump 5, an air pump 6, a storage battery 7, a cell pile temperature sensor 8, a cooling liquid radiator 9, a three-way electromagnetic valve 10, an electromagnetic valve 11, a pressure reducing valve 12, a hydrogen cylinder 13 and a cooling liquid storage tank 14.
Wherein, the accumulator 7 is connected with the pile-in air heater 1 to supply electric energy for the pile-in air heater; the controller 4 receives a cell stack temperature signal monitored by the cell stack temperature sensor 8, controls the on-off and power of the in-stack air heater 1, and also controls the on-off of a fan of the coolant radiator 9, the on-off of the liquid pump 5 and the flow direction of the three-way electromagnetic valve 10; the heat exchange coil can be made of a material with high heat conductivity coefficient, and is immersed in the liquid in the cooling liquid storage tank 14, so that heat exchange is performed between the air discharged from the stack and the cooling liquid; the three-way electromagnetic valve 10 selects to directly empty the air according to the instruction of the controller 4, namely, selects a P-1 pipeline, or performs heat exchange through a heat exchange coil, namely, selects a P-2 pipeline.
Specifically, the operation method of the fuel cell low-temperature starting system in the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) After the fuel cell system sends out a start-up signal, the system controller 4 receives detected temperature data T of the cell stack temperature sensor 8 S (. Degree.C.) according to T S The numerical value judging system of the (a) enters a corresponding starting step to start a system starting program.
(2-1) when the stack temperature T S When the temperature is less than or equal to minus 5 ℃, the pile-in air heater 1 is opened to heat the pile-in air, the three-way electromagnetic valve 10 is controlled to pass through the P-2 pipeline, and the liquid pump 5 is not started. The heated hot air is used for heating the flow channels and the membrane electrodes of the cell stack 2, and the air is used for heating the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid storage tank 14.
Wherein, when the temperature of the cell stack is monitored to be-5 < T after heating S At 25 ℃ or less, the air heater 1 is turned off to reduce the energy consumption, thisThe process proceeds to step (2-2).
(2-2) when the temperature of the cell stack is-5 < T S When the temperature is less than or equal to 25 ℃, the pile-in air heater 1 is not started, and if the pile-in air heater 1 is in an on state, the pile-in air heater 1 is turned off to stop heating. The solenoid valve 11 is opened to supply fuel gas to the cell stack 2, and the cell stack 2 starts an electrochemical reaction to generate electric energy and heat energy. The three-way electromagnetic valve 10 is controlled to pass through the P-2 pipeline, and the liquid pump 5 is not started. At this time, the cell stack 2 is heated only by self-reaction heat, and the stack outlet air enters the heat exchange coil, so that the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid storage tank 14 is heated continuously.
Wherein, after heating, when the temperature T of the cell stack is monitored S When the temperature is more than 25 ℃, the three-way electromagnetic valve 10 is controlled to be switched on the P-1 pipeline, the liquid pump 5 is controlled to be started, and the process is switched to the step (2-3).
(2-3) when the stack temperature T S When the temperature is more than 25 ℃, the air heater 1 is not started, and the cell stack directly enters a normal-temperature starting operation program. That is, the system controller 4 controls the three-way electromagnetic valve 10 to be connected with the P-1 pipeline, controls the starting liquid pump 5, and the cell stack enters a normal temperature starting operation program, and opens the electromagnetic valve 11 or keeps the opening state of the electromagnetic valve 11. When the stack temperature rises to a predetermined operating temperature, the controller 4 starts the fan of the coolant radiator 9 to radiate heat, maintaining the operating temperature of the stack 2.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the temperature range inside the cell stack 2 is monitored when the fuel cell system is started, the starting step of dividing the temperature interval is adopted, and the low-temperature cooling liquid is heated by arranging the heat exchange coil in the cooling liquid storage tank 14, so that the energy of the stack outlet air is fully utilized, the energy utilization rate is improved, the technical problem of low energy utilization rate in the starting process of the fuel cell under the low-temperature environment is solved, and the starting success is ensured while the temperature is quickly raised.
Example III
Aiming at the technical problem of low energy utilization efficiency in the cold start process of the fuel cell, another high-efficiency low-temperature start system of the fuel cell is provided in the embodiment of the invention, and fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a low-temperature start system of the high-efficiency fuel cell according to the third embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 8, the low-temperature start system of the high-efficiency fuel cell includes: the device comprises a pile-in air heater 1, a cell pile 2, a heat exchange device 3 (a gas-liquid heat exchanger in the figure), a controller 4, a liquid pump 5, an air pump 6, a storage battery 7, a cell pile temperature sensor 8, a cooling liquid radiator 9, a three-way electromagnetic valve 10, an electromagnetic valve 11, a pressure reducing valve 12, a hydrogen cylinder 13 and a cooling liquid storage tank 14.
Wherein, the accumulator 7 is connected with the pile-in air heater 1 to supply electric energy for the pile-in air heater; the controller 4 receives a cell stack temperature signal monitored by the cell stack temperature sensor 8, controls the on-off and power of the in-stack air heater 1, and simultaneously controls the on-off of a fan of the coolant radiator 9, the on-off of the liquid pump 5 and the flow direction of the three-way electromagnetic valve 10; the gas-liquid heat exchanger adopts a material with high heat conductivity coefficient, so that heat exchange is carried out between the air discharged from the reactor and the cooling liquid; the three-way electromagnetic valve 10 selects air to be directly emptied, namely to enter the P-1 pipeline, or to pass through the gas-liquid heat exchanger, namely the P-2 pipeline according to the instruction of the controller 4.
Specifically, the operation method of the fuel cell low-temperature starting system in the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) After the fuel cell system sends out a start-up signal, the system controller 4 receives detected temperature data T of the cell stack temperature sensor 8 S (. Degree.C.) according to T S The numerical value judging system of the (a) enters a corresponding starting step to start a system starting program.
(2-1) when the stack temperature T S When the temperature is less than or equal to minus 5 ℃, the pile-in air heater 1 is opened to heat pile-in air, the three-way electromagnetic valve 10 is controlled to pass through the P-2 pipeline, and the liquid pump 5 is started to run at a low rotating speed. At this time, the heated in-stack air heats the flow channel and the membrane electrode of the cell stack 2, the out-stack air enters the gas-liquid heat exchanger to heat the cooling liquid, and the preheated cooling liquid flows into the cell stack 2 to heat the cell stack 2. Here, the low rotation speed of the liquid pump 5 running at a low rotation speed may be considered to be less than half the rotation speed of the liquid pump 5 at the rated power, and the specific value may be determined according to the specific requirement.
Wherein, when the temperature of the cell stack is monitored to be-5 < T after heating S And (3) closing the pile-in air heater 1 when the temperature is less than or equal to 25 ℃ in order to reduce energy consumption, and then switching the process to the step (2-2).
(2-2) when the temperature of the cell stack is-5 < T S When the temperature is less than or equal to 25 ℃, the pile-entering air heater 1 is turned off under the state that the pile-entering air heater 1 is turned on, so that the pile-entering air heater stops heating the pile-entering air. The solenoid valve 11 is opened to supply fuel gas to the cell stack 2, and the cell stack 2 starts an electrochemical reaction to generate electric energy and heat energy. And controls the three-way electromagnetic valve 10 to pass through the P-2 pipeline, and simultaneously keeps the liquid pump 5 running at a low rotating speed. At this time, the cell stack 2 only depends on self-reaction heat to heat up, and the stack outlet air enters a gas-liquid heat exchanger to enable the cooling liquid to heat up continuously.
Wherein, after heating, when the temperature T of the cell stack is monitored S When the temperature is more than 25 ℃, the three-way electromagnetic valve 10 is controlled to be switched on the P-1 pipeline, the liquid pump 5 is controlled to operate according to the rated rotation speed, and the process is switched to the step (2-3).
(2-3) when the stack temperature T S When the temperature is more than 25 ℃, the air heater 1 is not started, and the cell stack 2 directly enters a normal-temperature starting operation procedure. That is, the system controller 4 controls the three-way electromagnetic valve 10 to be connected with the P-1 pipeline, controls the starting liquid pump 5 to operate according to the rated rotation speed, and the cell stack 2 enters a normal temperature starting operation program, and opens the electromagnetic valve 11 or keeps the opening state of the electromagnetic valve 11. When the temperature of the cell stack 2 rises to a predetermined operating temperature, the controller 4 starts the fan of the coolant radiator 9 to radiate heat, maintaining the operating temperature of the cell stack 2.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the temperature range inside the cell stack 2 is monitored when the fuel cell system is started, the starting step of temperature division is adopted, the low-temperature cooling liquid is heated by the mode that the stack outlet air flows through the gas-liquid heat exchanger filled with the cooling liquid, so that the energy of the stack outlet air is fully utilized, the energy utilization rate is improved, the technical problem of low energy utilization rate in the starting process of the fuel cell under the low-temperature environment is solved, and the starting success is ensured while the temperature is quickly raised.
Example IV
According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method embodiment of starting up a fuel cell, and fig. 9 is a flowchart of a method of starting up a fuel cell according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 9, the method including the steps of:
step S902, controlling a pile-in air heater to heat pile-in air, and heating the cell pile by adopting the heated pile-in air to enable the cell pile to generate electricity;
in step S904, heat exchange is performed between the stack outlet air discharged from the stack and the cooling liquid of the stack by using a heat exchange device, and the cooling liquid is used for supplying heat to the stack, so as to complete the start-up of the fuel cell.
According to the embodiment of the invention, through the steps, the heat exchange device is adopted to exchange heat between the discharged stack air discharged from the stack and the cooling liquid of the stack, and the purpose of reutilizing the heat carried by the discharged stack air to be discharged is achieved by adopting a mode that the cooling liquid supplies heat to the stack, so that the reutilized heat can be used for rapidly heating the stack, the energy utilization rate in the starting process of the fuel cell is improved, and the technical problem of low energy utilization rate in the starting process of the fuel cell in a low-temperature environment is solved.
In an alternative embodiment, step S904, using a heat exchange device to exchange heat the stack-exiting air exhausted from the stack with the cooling liquid of the stack, and heating the stack by the cooling liquid to complete the start-up of the fuel cell, may include the following steps:
step S9041, when the heat exchange device is a heat exchange coil, inputting the stack outlet air into the heat exchange coil;
in step S9042, the heat exchange coil pipe with the air coming out of the stack is immersed in the cooling liquid loaded in the cooling liquid storage tank, so that the air coming out of the stack exchanges heat with the cooling liquid, and the cooling liquid after heat exchange supplies heat for the cell stack, thereby completing the startup of the fuel cell.
The heat exchange coil can adopt a material with high heat conductivity coefficient, and is immersed in the cooling liquid loaded by the cooling liquid storage tank, so that heat exchange is performed between the stack outlet air flowing in the heat exchange coil and the cooling liquid, namely, when the temperature of the stack outlet air is higher than that of the cooling liquid, heat can be quickly and efficiently transferred to the cooling liquid, and then the heated cooling liquid is used for further supplying heat to the cell stack, so that the starting of the fuel cell is ensured and accelerated, and the energy utilization efficiency in the starting process of the fuel cell is improved.
In another alternative embodiment, step S904, the heat exchange device is used to exchange heat the stack outlet air discharged from the stack with the cooling liquid of the stack, and the cooling liquid is used to supply heat to the stack, so as to complete the startup of the fuel cell, and the method may also include the following steps:
step S9043, receiving stack air through the gas-liquid heat exchanger under the condition that the heat exchange device is the gas-liquid heat exchanger;
in step S9044, the cooling liquid is heated by the air coming out of the stack in the gas-liquid heat exchanger, the air coming out of the stack exchanges heat with the cooling liquid, and the cooling liquid after the heat exchange supplies heat to the cell stack, so as to complete the start of the fuel cell.
Alternatively, the gas-liquid heat exchanger may be a plate heat exchanger, a tube heat exchanger or a vessel heat exchanger. Through the heat exchange modes in the different selectable heat exchangers, the stack outlet air with higher temperature can be fully utilized to heat the low-temperature cooling liquid in the gas-liquid heat exchanger, and then the heated cooling liquid further supplies heat to the cell stack, so that the starting of the fuel cell is ensured and accelerated, and the energy utilization efficiency in the starting process of the fuel cell is improved. In addition, the gas-liquid heat exchanger is adopted to realize the relative motion between the stack outlet air and the cooling liquid, so that the heat exchange is effectively realized, and compared with the mode adopting the heat exchange coil, the heat exchange between the stack outlet air and the cooling liquid can be realized by adopting other structures independent of the cooling liquid storage tank, so that the diversity of the heat exchange is realized, various choices are provided for the heat exchange, the heat exchange efficiency can be improved by adopting the comparison and improvement of various heat exchanges, the energy utilization efficiency of the fuel cell in the starting process is further improved, and the starting of the fuel cell is ensured and accelerated.
It should be noted that, according to the embodiments of the present invention, the method embodiments for starting the fuel cell described above are provided, the steps shown in the flowcharts of the drawings may be performed in a computer system such as a set of computer executable instructions, and although a logical order is shown in the flowcharts, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be performed in an order different from that herein.
Example five
According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is also provided a storage medium including a stored program, wherein the device in which the storage medium is controlled to execute the fuel cell starting method of any one of the above when the program runs.
Example six
According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is also provided a processor for running a program, wherein the program executes the fuel cell starting method of any one of the above.
The foregoing embodiment numbers of the present invention are merely for the purpose of description, and do not represent the advantages or disadvantages of the embodiments.
In the foregoing embodiments of the present invention, the descriptions of the embodiments are emphasized, and for a portion of this disclosure that is not described in detail in this embodiment, reference is made to the related descriptions of other embodiments.
In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed technology may be implemented in other manners. The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely exemplary, and the division of the units, for example, may be a logic function division, and may be implemented in another manner, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or may be integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not performed. Alternatively, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed with each other may be through some interfaces, units or modules, or may be in electrical or other forms.
The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
In addition, each functional unit in the embodiments of the present application may be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated in one unit. The integrated units may be implemented in hardware or in software functional units.
The integrated units, if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as stand-alone products, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied essentially or in part or all of the technical solution or in part in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium, including instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a random access Memory (RAM, random Access Memory), a removable hard disk, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, or other various media capable of storing program codes.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A fuel cell starting system, characterized by comprising: a pile-in air heater, a cell pile and a heat exchange device, wherein,
the pile-in air heater is used for heating pile-in air;
the cell stack is used for generating power after the heated air entering the stack is heated;
the heat exchange device is used for exchanging heat between the stack outlet air discharged from the stack and the cooling liquid of the stack, and heating the stack through the cooling liquid to finish the starting of the fuel cell;
the fuel cell starting system further includes: the device comprises a controller, a liquid pump, an air pump, a storage battery, a battery stack temperature sensor, a cooling liquid radiator, a three-way electromagnetic valve, an electromagnetic valve, a pressure reducing valve, a hydrogen cylinder and a cooling liquid storage tank, wherein the storage battery is connected with a stack-entering air heater to supply electric energy for the stack-entering air heater; the controller receives a cell stack temperature signal monitored by the cell stack temperature sensor, controls the switch and the power of the in-stack air heater, and also controls the switch of a fan of the cooling liquid radiator, the switch of the liquid pump and the flow direction of the three-way electromagnetic valve; the heat exchange device is a heat exchange coil, and the heat exchange coil is made of a material with high heat conductivity and immersed in the liquid in the cooling liquid storage tank, so that heat exchange is performed between the air discharged from the stack and the cooling liquid; the three-way electromagnetic valve selects to directly empty air according to the instruction of the controller, namely a P-1 pipeline is selected, or performs heat exchange through a heat exchange coil, namely a P-2 pipeline is selected;
The operation method of the fuel cell starting system comprises the following steps:
(1) After the fuel cell starting system sends out a starting signal, the controller receives detected temperature data T of a cell stack temperature sensor S (. Degree.C.) according to T S The numerical value judging system enters a corresponding starting step to start a system starting program;
(2-1) when the stack temperature T S When the temperature is less than or equal to minus 5 ℃, opening a pile-in air heater to heat pile-in air, controlling a three-way electromagnetic valve to pass through a P-2 pipeline, and not opening a liquid pump; at the moment, the heated hot air entering the stack heats the flow channel and the membrane electrode of the cell stack, and the air exiting the stack enters the heat exchange coil to heat the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid storage tank; wherein, when the temperature of the cell stack is monitored to be-5 < T after heating S Closing the pile-in air heater when the temperature is less than or equal to 25 ℃ in order to reduce energy consumption, and switching the process into the step (2-2);
(2-2) when the temperature of the cell stack is-5 < T S When the temperature is less than or equal to 25 ℃, the air heater is not started to be piledIf the pile-in air heater is in an on state, the pile-in air heater is turned off to stop heating; opening an electromagnetic valve to supply fuel gas to the cell stack, and enabling the cell stack to start electrochemical reaction to generate electric energy and heat energy; controlling the three-way electromagnetic valve to pass through the P-2 pipeline without starting the liquid pump; at the moment, the cell stack only depends on self reaction heat to heat up, and the air coming out of the stack enters a heat exchange coil, so that the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid storage tank is heated up continuously; wherein, after heating, when the temperature T of the cell stack is monitored S When the temperature is more than 25 ℃, controlling the three-way electromagnetic valve to be switched on a P-1 pipeline, and controlling the liquid pump to be started, and at the moment, switching the program into the step (2-3);
(2-3) when the stack temperature T S When the temperature is more than 25 ℃, the air heater is not started, and the cell stack directly enters a normal-temperature starting operation program; the controller controls the three-way electromagnetic valve to be connected with the P-1 pipeline, controls the starting liquid pump, and the cell stack enters a normal-temperature starting operation program, and opens the electromagnetic valve or keeps the opening state of the electromagnetic valve; when the temperature of the battery stack is increased to a preset operating temperature, the controller starts a fan of the cooling liquid radiator to radiate heat, and the operating temperature of the battery stack is maintained.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the heat exchange device comprises a gas-liquid heat exchanger for receiving the off-stack air, wherein the off-stack air heats the cooling liquid in the gas-liquid heat exchanger.
3. The system of claim 1, further comprising a control valve for controlling whether the off-stack air is output into the heat exchange device or is directly vented.
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| CN111200142B (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2021-02-12 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Fuel cell starting process control system |
| CN109461952B (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2021-10-08 | 安徽明天氢能科技股份有限公司 | Marine fuel cell cogeneration system |
| CN109830708B (en) * | 2019-02-25 | 2020-08-25 | 北方工业大学 | Coupling heat management system of fuel cell automobile power assembly |
| CN110120535B (en) * | 2019-06-10 | 2024-04-02 | 新源动力股份有限公司 | Low-temperature quick starting system and starting method for fuel cell stack |
| CN110165251B (en) * | 2019-06-29 | 2021-01-19 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Hydrogen fuel cell engine start-up heating method and system |
| CN110600771A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2019-12-20 | 东方电气(成都)氢燃料电池科技有限公司 | Fuel cell system and control method thereof |
| CN110931829A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-03-27 | 吉林大学 | Fuel cell cold start system with purging device and control method |
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